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V nalogi, ki je del širšega projekta Daljinsko in bližnje zaznavanje suše (DABLIS) iz programa Po kreativni poti do znanja, smo predstavili podatke meritev vsebnosti vode v tleh. Na izbranih njivah podjetja Panvita d.o.o. v Prekmurju smo opravili občasne točkovne meritve. Prav tako so potekale kontinuirane meritve na globini 20 cm. Vsebnost vode v lahkih tleh je bila nižja kot v težkih tleh. Prav tako so obstajale razlike med nenamakanimi in namakanimi tlemi. V lahkih nenamakanih tleh je bila povprečna vsebnost vode 17,1 vol. %, v lahkih namakanih pa 23,5 vol. %. Vsebnost vode v težkih nenamakanih tleh je bila 23,6 vol % ter v težkih namakanih 24,0 vol. %. Razpršenost podatkov je bila večja pri lahkih tleh (od 4,3 do 30,3 vol. % pri lahkih tleh in od 15,5 do 27,9 vol. % pri težkih tleh). Prav tako je bil koeficient variacije praviloma večji za vsebnost vode v lahkih tleh (od 1,6 do 35,1 % pri lahkih tleh in od 2,3 do 9,6 % pri težkih tleh). Ob primerjavi nenamakanih in namakanih tal je bil koeficient variacije večji pri namakanih tleh (od 1,6 do 28,4 % pri nenamakanih tleh in od 2,3 do 35,1 % pri namakanih tleh). In our work, which is part of the wider project DABLIS in the program On the Creative Path to Knowledge, we presented the data of soil water content measurements. On selected fields of Panvita d.o.o. in Prekmurje we made occasional accurate measurements. We also performed continuous measurements at a depth of 20 cm. Water content in light soils was lower than in heavy soils. There are also differences between non-irrigated soils in irrigated soils. In light non-irrigated soils a water content was 17.1 vol. % and in light irrigated soil 23.5 vol. %. Water content in heavy non-irrigated soils was 23.6 vol. % and in heavy irrigated soil 24.0 vol. %. Dispersion of data was greater for light soils (4.3 to 30.3 vol. % for light and from 15.5 to 27.9 vol. % for heavy soils). In addition the coefficient of variation for water content was greater for light soils (1.6 to 35.1 % for light and 2.3 to 9.6 % for heavy soils). Taking comparison of non-irrigated soil and irrigated soil the coefficient of variation was greater for irrigated soil (from 1.6 to 28.4 % for non-irrigated and from 2.3 to 35.1 % for irrigated soil).

V magistrski nalogi je prikazano ravnanje ohišja baterij iz aluminijeve zlitine in določitev smernic za konstruiranje ravnalne naprave. Predstavljene so elastične in plastične mehanske lastnosti uporabljene aluminijeve zlitine, ki so potrebne za nelinearne trdnostne analize po metodi končnih elementov. Izvedene so bile meritve za manjšo serijo kosov in glede na ugotovitve meritev določene podporne in kontrolne točke na površini ohišja. Glavni del naloge so trdnostne analize, kjer je bil določen način ravnanja in enačbe za izračun odvisnosti med obremenitvijo in deformacijo ter maksimalna ravnalna sila za dimenzioniranje ravnalne naprave. The master's thesis shows straightening of battery housing made of aluminium alloy and setting the guidelines for dimensioning of a straghtening device. The elastic and plastic mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy that is used for the housing are presented, which are required for nonlinear finite element analysis. Measurements were carried out on a small series of pieces and based on the results, support and control points were defined on the surface of the battery housing. The main part of the assigment is numerical analysis, where were defined method of straightening, equations for calculating the dependence between load and deformation and the maximum force for dimensioning of the straightening device.

V članku je opisan postopek Caspary, ki je eden izmed postopkov deformacijske analize. Značilnosti tega postopka so testiranje skladnosti geodetske mreže, določitev stabilnosti točk med dvema terminskima izmerama, transformacija geodetske mreže s transformacijo S, izračun premikov in grafična predstavitev vektorjev premikov. V članku je najprej podano teoretično ozadje postopka, nato je postopek uporabljen na primeru simuliranih meritev dveh terminskih izmer. Rezultati postopka Caspary na obravnavanem primeru ne odstopajo bistveno od rezultatov, dobljenih s postopki Hannover, Karlsruhe, Delft, Fredericton, München in z robustnimi metodami.

Delo obsega raziskavo tržišča na področju naprav za merjenje fizikalnih veličin, ki so namenjene tako splošnemu uporabniku kot tudi splošni industriji. Na podlagi izsledkov analize tržišča smo zasnovali svojo modularno napravo. Opisana je zasnova in izdelava prototipa elektronskega vezja glavnega modula s senzorjem in dodatnega razširitvenega modula ter izdelava ohišja naprave. Vključen je informativni izračun avtonomnega delovanja naprave. Delo obsega tudi opis programiranja naprave, testiranja njene funkcionalnosti in primerjave meritev z referenčno merilno opremo in prikaz stroškov izdelave. This thesis includes the research and analysis of the marketplace in the field of physical quantities measurement which are intended for broad personal use as well as broad industry use. Based on the findings of the marketplace research we created our own modular device. The design and prototype manufacturing of the electronic circuit board of the main module with the sensor as well as the additional expansion module and the housing of the device are described. Informational calculation of the autonomous usage of the device is also included. The thesis also contains the description of the programming of the device, testing its functionality and comparing measurement results with reference measuring equipment. Basic cost analysis is also included.

V diplomski nalogi je teoretično in v raziskovalnem delu v obliki meritev predstavljen fenomen podvodno plavanje. Sodoben tekmovalni šport plavanje pozna štiri tehnike. Podvodno plavanje so strokovnjaki poimenovali peta tekmovalna tehnika. Je najhitrejši način premagovanja razdalij, znotraj tekmovalne distance je po trenutnih pravilih možno pod vodo v olimpijskih bazenih preplavati 30, v 25-metrskih bazenih pa 60 odstotkov posamezne discipline. Teoretični del diplomske naloge zajema kronološki pregled začetkov, razvoja, poučevanja in sprememb tehnik ter tekmovalnih pravil plavanja in podvodnega plavanja, iskanje vzrokov in do danes pojasnjenih, dokazanih zaključkov za potrditev, da je plavanje pod vodo hitrejše od tistega na vodni gladini. Z namenom lažjega razumevanja človekovega gibanja na in pod vodno gladino so v grobem predstavljene znanosti, ki proučujejo specifične zakonitosti vodnega okolja in plavalnega športa. Cilj diplomskega dela je v obliki meritev z uporabo metodologije predstavljal preverbo pridobljenih spoznanj v praksi. V raziskovalnem delu so sodelovali plavalke in plavalci Plavalnega kluba Branik Maribor. Po izvedenih meritvah in predhodni postavitvi hipotez je bilo ugotovljeno, da je podvodno plavanje unikatna veščina, ki jo je potrebno izvajati brezhibno in tehnično učinkovito, se je priučiti v mladosti, da lahko plavalci pridobijo prednosti, ki se ponujajo v plavanju pod vodo v primerjavi s plavanjem na vodni gladini. Underwater swimming phenomenon has been described nad shown through theoretical and researching part of the thesis. Modern swimming sport is currently consisted through four traditional swimming techniques. Swimming experts have named underwater kicking as fifth competition technique. It is considered as fastest swimming motion, with current competition rules swimmers are allowed to swim 30 and 60 percent of competition distance under water depending on swimming pools lenght, respectively. Theoretical part of the thesis has captured chronological review of beginnings and history of swimming and underwater kicking skills, its developement, first teachings, techniques and changes of rules through time. Searching and finding of scientific proved facts and answers of questions why underwater gliding and kicking can be faster than surface swimming have been the center of attention. With purpose of better understanding of swimming motions swimming sciences that study swimming have been briefly described in the thesis. Goal of the thesis was testing of previously researched facts through practical measurements. Swimmers from Swimming Club Branik Maribor participated in the testing. Results after pre-testing placed hipotheses and later through practical researching have shown underwater swimming as to be an unique skill which needs to be executed flawless with efficient technique, preferrably teached in young age, to gain advantages by swimming under water surface rather than on the surface.

Understanding the degradation of a photovoltaic (PV) system is crucial for predicting the behaviour of a PV system or acting quickly in case of strong PV module degradation. A novel concept with Wi-Fi devices for monitoring the substring voltages of PV modules is presented and case studies of PV modules' substring voltages during operation of the PV system are reported on. A new electronic device called Jubomer was custom developed to fit into the junction box of a PV module and to measure the voltages of each module substring. The analysis of substring voltages shows that this methodology can reveal problematic modules without conducting a comprehensive testing procedure on disconnected PV modules. The results of the voltage measurements are also linked with the detailed analysis of a PV module using an electroluminescence imaging technique, which verifies the proposed concept.

Mrazišče je definirano kot manjše območje, navadno v vrtači ali kaki drugačni kotlini, v katerem je temperatura pogosto nižja kot v okolici. V tem delu opisujem potek izvajanja meritev in analizo ohlajanja v manjšem mrazišču, katerega horizontalna dimenzija je 70 m in vertikalna 9 m. Meritve sem izvajal v obdobju od 29. 7. 2019 in do 21. 8. 2019. Ugotovil sem, da je temperatura v mrazišču lahko nižja od okolice za več kot 5°C. Jezero hladnega zraka je v mrazišču precej stabilno in ga vetrovi, ki so šibkejši kot 1 m/s ne morejo premešati. Tako šibki vetrovi ne morejo preprečiti nastanka temperaturnih razlik med mraziščem in okolico. Vendar pa lahko, še zlasti v kombinaciji s sunki vetra, zelo motijo potek ohlajanja v mrazišču. Razlika med temperaturo v in izven mrazišča, v poletnih mesecih najhitreje narašča okrog 18:00. Poleg popoldanskega intenzivnega ohlajanja se to nadaljuje v večer. Iz meritev se tudi vidi, da se po polnoči temperatura v mrazišču praviloma ne zniža za več kot 5°C. As a part of this thesis, measurements were performed in a small sinkhole, which has a horizontal dimension of 70 m and is 9 m deep. The measurements were performed in the period of the 29th of July to the 22nd of August 2019. The analysis shows, that the temperature in the sinkhole can be lower than in the surrounding area for more than 5°C. A cold-air pool in a sinkhole is pretty stable, so the winds that are weaker than 1 m/s cannot mix the air in the cold-air pool with the air above. Such weak winds cannot prevent the occurrence of temperature differences between the sinkhole and the surrounding area. However, especially in combination with wind gusts, they can disrupt the process of cooling in the sinkhole. The difference between the temperature inside and outside of the sinkhole, increases the most around 6 p.m. The intensive cooling continues into the evening. The measurements show, that after midnight the temperature usually does not decrease for more than 5°C.

Diplomsko delo obravnava opis dotičnega problema in rešitev le tega v podjetju Primat d.d.. Osrednja tema diplomskega dela je načrtovanje tehnologije proizvodnje za zgornjo ploščo trezorja in izvedba meritev na 3D koordinatnem merilnem stroju, na 4 ploščah, narejenih po 4 različnih postopkih proizvodnje. Sledi analiza dobljenih rezultatov in ugotovitev smotrnosti postopkov ter izbira najboljšega postopka. Predstavljen je proces načrtovanja tehnologije izdelka ter proces postopka meritev na 3D koordinatnem stroju. Ugotovil sem, da postopek varjenja dodatnih delov s pomočjo priprave pri varjenju daje najboljše rezultate meritev. Iz tega sledi, da je potrebno za doseganje tolerančnega polja s strani kupca v proizvodnjo uvesti pripravo za pomoč pri varjenju. The diploma paper deals with the problem in question as well as its solution in the company Primat d.d.. The main theme of the diploma paper is the planning of the production technology for the top plate of a safe and performing measurements on a 3D coordinate measurement machine, on 4 plates, made by 4 different manufacturing processes. This is followed by the analysis of the gained results and the establishment of efficiency of processes and the choice of the best process. The process of planning of the product technology and the measuring process on a 3D coordinate measuring machine are introduced. I established that best measurements results are achieved by the welding of spare parts with the help of a welding jig. This means that by introducing welding jigs into the production, we can achieve the tolerance field in customers.

Pri serijski proizvodnji toplotnih cevi bi želeli vpeljati kakovosten tehnološki nadzor individualne toplotne karakteristike toplotne cevi. Ker je vzpostavitev stacionarnega stanja delovanja toplotne cevi dolgotrajen proces, smo se v delu osredotočili na analizo možnosti zasnove procesnega sistema za karakterizacijo delovanja toplotne cevi brez vzpostavitve stacionarnega stanja. Za eksperimentalno obravnavo različnih možnosti testiranja smo izdelali merilni sistem testiranja delovanja toplotne cevi z električnim gretjem in kapljevinskim hlajenjem ter uporabili infrardečo termografijo za merjenje površinske temperature kondenzacijskega dela zračno hlajene toplotne cevi, ki je kapljevinsko ali električno greta. Rezultati opravljene analize kažejo obetavne rezultate in odpirajo kakovostne možnosti za razvoj industrijskega procesnega sistema za hitro detekcijo toplotne karakteristike delovanja toplotne cevi. Quality technological control of the individual heat characteristics of the heat pipe would like to be introduced in the serial production of heat pipes. The possibility of designing a process system for characterizing the operating of a heat pipe without establishing a steady state is focused to be analyzed since it is a long process of establishing a steady state of heat pipe operation. A measuring system for testing the operation of a heat pipe with electric heating and liquid cooling and used infrared thermography to measure the surface temperature of a condensed part of an air-cooled heat pipe that is heated with liquid or electrically, was designed for experimental examination of different testing options. The results of the analysis show promising results and open quality possibilities for the development of an industrial process system for the rapid detection of the thermal characteristics of the heat pipe operation.

Pri meritvah na koordinatnem merilnem stroju imata strategija vzorčenja in izbrano število merilnih točk velik vpliv na rezultat meritve. V nalogi smo obravnavali slepo strategijo vzorčenja in izvedli meritve premera, razdalje, ravnosti, krožnosti, oblike valja, pravokotnosti, vzporednosti, preprostega teka, popolnega teka ter koncentričnosti in soosnosti. Nominalne vrednosti merjencev smo pridobili z izvedbo vsake od meritev, katere so vsebovale 150 merilnih točk. Nato smo izvedli meritve z različnim številom točk in ugotovili, da se optimalno število merilnih točk glede na potreben čas meritve in natančnost meritve sicer razlikuje glede na merjeni geometrijski element oziroma merjeno geometrijsko toleranco. V splošnem lahko rečemo, da 10 je merilnih točk optimalno število merilnih točk ob uporabi slepe strategije vzorčenja. Sampling strategy and sampling size have major influence on the measurement result. In the paper, we addressed a blind sampling strategy and performed measurements of diameter, distance, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, perpendicularity, parallelism, circular runout, total runout, concentricity and coaxiality. The nominal values of measured pieces were obtained by performing each measurement which contained 150 measuring points. Afterwards, various numbers of measuring points were inserted for each measurement and we found out that the optimal number of sampling size varies for each measured feature based on consumed time and accuracy. We could conclude that 10 measuring points is the optimal number of sampling size if blind strategy is used.

V diplomski nalogi sem pokazal, kako lahko določimo učinkovitost prezračevanja v praksi. Prikazal sem merilno progo, merilno opremo ter uporabo sledilnega plina CO2. Prikazal sem potek meritve po metodi z zmanjševanjem koncentracije sledilnega plina z dovajanjem plina v dovodno cev prezračevalnega sistema. Za vrednotenje meritev sem uporabili program Microsoft Excel, v katerem sem izdelal program za izračune učinkovitosti izmenjave zraka, srednje starosti zraka ter posledično same učinkovitosti prezračevanja. In my graduate thesis I show how the effectiveness of ventilation system is measured in practice. I displayed the measurement course, measurement equipment and the use of CO2 as tracer gas. I explained how we preform decay method by supplying tracer gas in inlet hose of ventilation system. I used Microsoft Excel, where I programed the code to evaluate and graph our results. I determined local mean age of air, air exchange efficiency and ventilation efficiency.

Izvajanje nadzora v mobilnih telekomunikacijskih omrežjih ni enostavna naloga zaradi kompleksnih tehnologij in velikega števila uporabnikov. V tem zaključnem delu postavim temelje sistema za analizo merilnih podatkov mobilnega omrežja in detekcijo anomalij. Začnem z opisom nekaterih mehanizmov tehnologije LTE, ki so pomembni za visoko zmogljivost omrežja, njihova (ne)uporaba pa se odraža v merilnih rezultatih. Nadaljujem s predstavitvijo meritev v mobilnih omrežjih, kjer naštejem in opišem glavne tipe meritev in izpostavim izzive pri merjenju, na katere moramo biti pozorni. Razložim, kakšne so prednosti novega področja meritev s terminalskimi napravami in predstavim sistem qMON za merjenje v mobilnih omrežjih. V obstoječo arhitekturo qMON umestim sistem za detekcijo anomalij, predlagam njegovo arhitekturo in razložim, zakaj je sistem za detekcijo anomalij končni cilj raziskovalnega dela. Nadaljujem z opisom praktičnega dela, tj. izvedbo štirih merilnih poskusov. Vsakemu merilnemu poskusu postavim hipotezo, katere veljavnosti se bo treba zavedati pri implementaciji sistema za detekcijo anomalij. Hipoteze preverim z analizo merilnih rezultatov v programskem okolju Python z modulom pandas. V začetnem delu analize na primeru izbire podmnožice atributov pokažem, da se je v domeni mobilnih omrežij težko izogniti potrebi po ekspertnem znanju. Analizo merilnih rezultatov predstavim kot problem večrazsežnih neenakomerno vzorčenih časovnih vrst, ki ga pretvorim na problem enakomerno vzorčenih časovnih vrst. Na pretvorjenih podatkih preverim veljavnost hipotez s poudarkom na izmerjeni podatkovni prepustnosti in kvaliteti radijskega signala (RSRQ), ter njunem medsebojnem odnosu. Ugotovim, da podatki vsebujejo močno 24-urno sezonsko komponento in da smo v merilnih rezultatih sposobni zaznati vpliv stresnega testa bazne postaje. V nadaljevanju ugotovim tudi, da na podlagi meritev RSRQ ne moremo dobro oceniti števila aktivnih naprav v celici. Pokažem še, da moramo biti pri modeliranju pozorni na soobstoj različnih tehnologij mobilnih komunikacij značilnosti merilnih rezultatov tehnologij LTE in UMTS so namreč različne. V zaključku ocenim, da smo se s pričujočo analizo delujočemu sistemu za detekcijo anomalij približali do faze modeliranja. Mobile network monitoring is not a trivial task to perform. The complexity originates mainly from the usage of complex technologies and a large number of users connected to the network. This thesis deals with setting a baseline for mobile network measurement data analysis and anomaly detection. Firstly, a few significant mechanisms of LTE technology are presented. The usage of these mechanisms is important for providing high data throughput and is reflected in measurement results. I continue with the description of various types of measurements in mobile networks. In addition to this, key challenges that should be considered when performing these measurements are presented. Furthermore, a new field of measurements with user-equipment (i.e. mobile phones) acting as a measurement device is introduced. qMON is a measurement system for mobile networks which enables user-equipment measurements. I present the existing qMON architecture and explain how an anomaly detection system can be added to it. Four experiments were performed using the qMON system and a hypothesis was formed for each of the experiments. I explain, why each of the hypotheses is important for a successful implementation of anomaly detection system. Analysis of measurement results is performed with Python in order to test the hypotheses. Initial part of data analylisis is carried out with the intention of showing the importance of expert knowledge in mobile network analysis. This importance is demonstrated through a feature subset selection process which is followed by the definition of the problem – we are dealing with multivariate and unevenly sampled time series. I explain the procedure which was used in order to convert the problem to an evenly sampled time series problem. The converted data, which is the result of the aforementioned procedure, is used to test the hypotheses. In the testing phase I focus on a subset of attributes, namely the quality of the received reference radio signal (RSRQ) and the measured network data throughput. A significant 24-hour seasonal component is discovered in the data, as well as the effect that the stress test of the base station has on the measurement results. I also show that the number of active devices in a cell cannot be assessed through RSRQ measurements. Key differences between LTE and UMTS technologies are presented as the final analysis result. The thesis is concluded with an estimate of how close we are to a functioning anomaly detection system.

Diplomsko delo obravnava gradnjo strižnega stroja za rezanje žice ta naj bi nadomestil klasična stružna stroja, ki več ne dosegata zadovoljivih kapacitet, hkrati pa povzročata veliko izmeta. V delu so predstavljeni postopek gradnje stroja, dimenzije posameznih delov in izboljšave na podlagi obstoječih odsluženih strojev. Predvideli smo, da bo novi stroj naredil brezhiben polizdelek v največ petih sekundah. Na prvih testiranjih je uspešno izpolnil vsa pričakovanja. Rezultati in ugotovitve so prikazani računsko, z različnimi shemami in s slikovnim gradivom. The diploma thesis focuses on a construction of a shearing machine for cutting wire this will replace the classical turning machines which no longer achieve satisfactory capacities, at the same time producing a lot of waste. This paper describes the process of machine construction, dimensioning of individual parts and improvements on the basis of temporary used machines. It is assumed that the new shearing machine with such a design will make a flawless semi-finished product in a maximum of five seconds. In the first tests, the new machine successfully met all the expectations. The results of the completed machine are shown in a calculation, with different schemes and image material.

V prvem delu magistrskega dela predstavim nekaj osnovnih topologij stikalnih napetostnih regulatorjev in za njih zapišem enačbe, ki so pomembne za njihovo delovanje in zmogljivost. Podrobneje predstavim topologiji Ćuk in SEPIC, za kateri zasnujem električno shemo, pri kateri se omejim na enakost komponent v vezju. Temu simuliram izkoristek, šum in tranzientni odziv ter primerjam omenjeni topologiji. Obe vezji nato tudi izdelam in na njiju izvedem meritve izkoristka, šuma in tranzientnega odziva. Na koncu izvedem primerjalno analizo izdelanih vezij, primerjam izmerjene in simulacijske rezultate, in ugotovim prednost Ćuk napetostnega regulatorja na področju izkoristka in šuma, in prednost SEPIC regulatorja pri tranzientnem odzivu in odvajanju toplote. In first part I introduce few base switching regulator topologies and write for them equations that are important for their performance. More in detail I introduce Ćuk and SEPIC topologies and draw schematic circuits for them. I then simulate those circuits and compare efficiency, noise and transient response for them. I also make this circuit in real practice and perform mentioned measurements. Then I compare simulated and measured values and find out advantages of Ćuk regulator in efficiency and noise levels, and advantages of SEPIC regulator in transient response and thermal management.

LoRa in LoRaWAN sta skupek protokolov, ki naj bi omogočila efektivno in cenovno sprejemljivo implementacijo nizko energijskih prostranih omrežij, za namene interneta stvari (IoT), pa naj bo to v industriji, logistiki ali pametnih mestih. LoRaWAN predstavlja omrežje, v katerem komunicirajo naprave s protokolom LoRa. V tej nalogi sem se osredotočil predvsem na protokol LoRa in njegove lastnosti. Organizacija LoRa Alliance, razvijalec tehnologij LoRaWAN ter LoRa, oglašuje visok doseg komunikacije, 2-4 km v mestnem okolju in pa vse do 15 km izven mest. Kako pa se le ta obnese v praksi? Predpostavil sem, da so zaradi različnih okoljskih vplivov realne sposobnosti te tehnologije slabše od oglaševanih. Odločil sem se, da zadevo preverim v več okoljih z različnimi parametri povezave. S prehodom LoRa na različnih fiksnih točkah, pomočnikom in končno napravo sem se tako z avtomobilom podal po cestah v Ljubljani in njeni okolici in prišel do pričakovanih zaključkov. Seveda je v zakup treba vzeti, da je bila oprema vstopnega ranga ter da LoRa prehod ni bil vedno optimalno pozicioniran, vendar rezultati pokažejo, da je realni doseg protokola LoRa za več kot polovico manjši od oglaševanega. LoRa and LoRaWAN are a group of protocols that are supposed to help with effective and not too costly implementation of low power wide area networks for purposes of the Internet of Things (IoT) – let that be in the industrial, logistics or smart cities sectors. LoRaWAN is a network through which various LoRa-enabled devices can communicate. In this thesis I focus on the protocol LoRa and its properties. The LoRa Alliance organization, the developer of LoRaWAN and LoRa technologies advertises a very high range for LoRa, that is 2-4 km in the city and up to 15 km outside urban areas. But how does this work out in reality? My supposition was that due to various environmental factors the performance is lower than advertised. I decided to test this claim on multiple terrain types and connection parameters. With the LoRa gateway set up at different spots, an assistant, and a LoRa node in a car I drove in and around Ljubljana and came to the expected conclusion. While taking into consideration that the equipment I used was in the lower price range and that the LoRa gateway was not always optimally positioned, the results show that the range of the LoRa protocol in the real world is not even half of the advertised one.

V nalogi je predstavljen koncept merilnega mesta sinhronskih brezkrtačnih motorjev. Podrobneje so predstavljeni uporabljeni merilni sklopi, sistemi zaščite ter program, ki vse povezuje in omogoča avtomatizirano merjenje. Program je izdelan v programskem okolju LabView podjetja National Instruments. Sámo merilno mesto omogoča širok razpon meritev: vse od meritev samodržnega navora, trenja, daljših trajnih tekov do zahtevnejših meritev z več spremembami hitrosti pri različnih atmosferskih pogojih (temperatura in vlaga). In this thesis the concept of measuring station for synchronous brushless motors is presented. The measurement station comprises measurement instruments, climate chamber and safety equipment that are controlled with an automatisation program. Automatisation program is based on National Instruments LabView programming environment. The measuring station allows a wide range of measurements of synchronous motors from cogging, friction to long term tests and more complex tests where one or more parameters varies during the measurement.

Dinamika skupne nogometne igre je v veliki meri odvisna od različnih oblik teka, katere zavzemajo večino aktivnosti v igri. Analize nogometne igre potrjujejo, da je večina tekov še vedno srednje in nizke intenzivnosti, da pa s kakovostjo igre raste tudi količina hitrih tekov in šprintov. Gibanja igralcev niso odvisna samo od količine ciklično-acikličnega gibanja, ampak tudi od njegove intenzivnosti. To pomeni, da je uspešnost v igri odvisna tudi od funkcionalnih sposobnosti organizma. Diplomsko delo je prispevek k informiranju strokovnih kadrov o vključevanju testov funkcionalnih sposobnosti v nabor standardiziranih motoričnih testov. Delo je razdeljeno na dva dela. V prvem delu je predstavljena teoretična plat sodobne nogometne igre, uspešnosti in selekcije, drugi del pa predstavlja opravljeno raziskavo. Cilj diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti povezanost rezultatov v posameznih testih vzdržljivosti z uspešnostjo v nogometni igri in njihovo medsebojno povezanost. Uporabili smo naslednje teste: trajajoči sem-tja tek, tek na 600 metrov, Cooperjev test, kvadrat test 5x(4x15m) in oceno uspešnosti v igri. Preizkušanci v našem raziskovalnem delu so bili dijaki 3. in 4. letnika nogometnih oddelkov Gimnazije Ljubljana Šiška. V vzorec preizkušancev je bilo vključenih 24 nogometašev, starih od 16 do 18 let. Preizkušanci so že bili selekcionirani, saj so že pred sprejetjem v nogometni oddelek opravili standardizirane motorične teste. Merjenje smo opravili z vzdržljivostnimi testi in oceno igre njihovega trenerja s pomočjo obrazca s petstopenjsko ocenjevalno lestvico. Izmerjene in pridobljene rezultate smo analizirali s programom SPSS Statistics. Izračunali smo osnovne statistične kazalnike. S Pearsonovim korelacijskim koeficientom smo izračunali povezanost vzdržljivostnih testov z uspešnostjo v igri in njihovo medsebojno povezanost. Z regresijsko analizo smo izračunali v kolikšni meri statistično značilno povezan test vpliva na uspešnost v igri. Z multiplo regresijo smo preverili, kateri vzdržljivostni test v največji meri pojasnjuje uspešnost v igri. Rezultati diplomske naloge so pokazali, da je kvadrat test 5x(4x15m) statistično značilno povezan z uspešnostjo v igri (r=-0,432, p=0,035), in sicer predstavlja 18,7% vpliv na uspešnost v igri. Ugotovljena je bila tudi delna medsebojna povezanost vzdržljivostnih testov. To a great extent the dynamics of football games depends on the manner of running, which is the most active movement in the game. The analyses of football games confirm that most of the running during the game is of low or middle intensity, and they also show that the increase of fast running and sprints improves the quality of the game. The movements of the players do not depend solely on the quantity of the cyclic-acyclic movement, but also on its intensity, which means that the playing success depends on the functional capability of one’s organism as well. This thesis contributes to informing the personnel about including the tests of functional capabilities into the collection of the standard motor ability tests. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first part sums up the theory about the contemporary football play, playing success, and selections, and the second part focuses on the carried-out research. The aim of the thesis was to discover the correlation between the results of the separate endurance tests and the playing success, and their intertwining connection. The following tests were performed: the shuttle run test, the 600m run, the Cooper test, the test of running in the square 5x(4x15m), and the evaluation of playing success. The participants in our research work were the students of 3rd and 4th year of the football class sections at Gimnazija Šiška (Šiška High School). The sample included 24 football players aged from 16 to 18. The selection was made beforehand, for all the football players had to pass the standard motor ability tests to get accepted to the football class section. The measurements were done using the endurance tests and the assessment of the game given by their coach, who used the five-degree grading scale. The obtained results were analyzed with SPSS Statistics program. We calculated the basic statistical indicators. With the Pearson correlation coefficient we calculated the correlation between the endurance tests and the playing success, and their intertwining connection. With the regression analysis we calculated to what extent the statistically typically connected test influences the playing success. With the multiple regression we checked which endurance test best explains the playing success. The results of the thesis show that the test of running in the square 5x(4x15m) is statistically typically connected to the playing success (r=-0,432, p=0,035), for it represents the 18,7% influence on playing success. The partial intertwining connection of different endurance tests was also discovered.

A new in-situ moisture monitoring technique for photovoltaic (PV) modules is proposed using miniature digital humidity and temperature sensors. The sensors were embedded in three different ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) stacks and proved to be resistant to lamination conditions. The fact that they are in direct contact to EVA does not affect their performance, since their saturated relative humidity (RH) reading is proportional to the external RH in the air. By exposing the sensors to elevated temperature and RH conditions, water vapor transmission rate of the backsheet and diffusion coefficient of the EVA can be determined. Obtained coefficients agree with reference values within their measurement uncertainties. Besides determining material moisture ingress properties, this monitoring technique is also applicable for long-term outdoor PV module monitoring. It shall provide valuable location and installation specific information of RH and temperature stress conditions, especially as feedback information to manufacturers of materials and PV modules.

Namen magistrskega dela je bil analizirati smernice za izvedbo geotehničnih opazovanj za drugi nivo natančnosti. Teoretični del je namenjen opisu merskih metod in opreme v geotehniki in geodeziji, težavam, ki spremljajo postopek meritev, ter ostalim parametrom, ki vplivajo na rezultate. Z geotehničnim monitoringom lahko obnašanje terena in objektov spremljamo predvsem pod terenom oz. v globini. Pregledali smo, ali se je v tem času na področju tehnologije in meritev geotehničnih opazovanj kaj bistvenega spremenilo. Geodezija pa zagotavlja meritve predvsem na površini in je kot taka zelo pomemben sestavni del za pridobitev celotne slike o obnašanju geotehničnega objekta predvsem na nestabilnih območjih. Zato je eden izmed ciljev proučiti tudi del Smernic, ki govori o povečanem nivoju natančnosti geodetskih meritev za potrebe geotehničnih preiskav in kako jih zagotavljati. Cilj je preveriti tudi, s katero opremo in na kakšen način dosegati to visoko natančnost meritev. V tem delu so zajete tudi praktične meritve in analiza rezultatov z dvema robotiziranima elektronskima instrumentoma in opremo GNSS. The purpose of the master's thesis was to analyze the guidelines for carrying out geotechnical observations for the second level of accuracy. Theoretical part is intended to describe the measurement methods and equipment in geotechnics and geodesy, the problems that accompany the measurement process and other parameters that influence the results. With geotechnical monitoring, the behavior of the terrain and objects can be monitored mainly under the terrain or in depth. We examined whether there was a significant change in the technology and measurement of geotechnical observations during this time. Geodesy, however, provides measurements primarily on the surface and is, as such, a very important component for obtaining a complete picture of the behavior of a geotechnical object, especially in unstable areas. Therefore, one of the objectives is to examine the part of the Guidelines, which discusses the increased level of precision of geodetic surveys for the needs of geotechnical investigations and how to provide them. The goal is also to check which equipment and how to achieve this high accuracy of measurements. This section also includes practical measurements and analysis of results with two robotized electronic instruments and GNSS equipment.

Onesnaževanje okolja zaradi cestnega prometa je zelo pereča tema na globalni ravni, vedno več poudarka pa pridobiva tudi na lokalni ravni. Glavno onesnaževalo predstavlja ogljikov dioksid, ki se mu v zadnjem obdobju pridružujejo tako imenovani PM delci, med katerimi posebej izstopajoči delci predstavljajo tako imenovani črni ogljik. Meritve koncentracij črnega ogljika smo na Fakulteti za logistiko, v sodelovanju s podjetjem Aerosol in Mestno občino Celje, opravljali v spomladanskem obdobju leta 2017 in v zimskem obdobju leta 2017/2018. Statične meritve smo opravljali na različnih merilnih mestih v Celju, ki velja za eno najbolj onesnaženih in s PM delci obremenjenih mest v Sloveniji. Cestni promet predstavlja enega od glavnih virov onesnaženja s črnim ogljikom, zato ga lahko uvrstimo v eno izmed področij tveganj. V magistrskem delu smo raziskovali porazdelitev koncentracij črnega ogljika, vpliv padavin in vetra na gibanje koncentracij črnega ogljika ter črni ogljik analizirali in ga predstavili kot tveganje oziroma grožnjo nacionalni varnosti na podlagi Resolucije o strategiji nacionalne varnosti Republike Slovenije. Environmental pollution, caused by the road traffic, is a very urgent and global topic, one that is recently gaining more local emphasis. The main element of traffic pollution is carbon dioxide, joined by recently recognised PM particles with black carbon being a very prominent member of the latter. Levels of black carbon concentration were measured by the Faculty of Logistics in collaboration with Aerosol company and the Municipality of Celje. These measurements were done in the Spring of 2017 and in the Winter of 2017/2018. Static measuring points were established in Celje, which is recognised as being one of the most PM particles polluted city in Slovenia. Since road traffic presents one of the main sources of black carbon pollution, it can be classified as one of the most important risk areas. Our research includes data from measuring the distribution of black carbon concentration as well as the role of weather on black carbon concentration distribution. In addition, we have analysed black carbon and presented it as a risk and a threat to the national security, based upon the Resolution on the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia.

Namen diplomske naloge je bil izmeriti in izračunati segrevalno krivuljo električnega radiatorja z oljem. Prav tako smo naredili primerjavo z radiatorjem z vodo, ki se je do sedaj uporabljal za študijske namene pri laboratorijskih vajah. Pri primerjavi med radiatorjema smo želeli prikazati bistvene fizične razlike, kakor tudi segrevalno krivuljo, ki se pri obeh radiatorjih zelo razlikuje zaradi različnih materialov in polnila. Za izračun segrevalne krivulje smo morali zelo natančno izmeriti in izračunati horizontalne, vertikalne in sevalne površine radiatorja, ki predstavljajo najpomembnejši del, da se rezultati izračunane segrevalne krivulje ujemajo z izmerjenimi. Izmerjeno segrevalno krivuljo je meril poseben registrator na računalniku. Temperaturo radiatorja smo merili s pomočjo termočlena, katerega hladni konec je bil v posebni izolirani posodi, napolnjeni z zdrobljenim ledom, vroči konec pa je meril temperaturo na radiatorju. Temperaturo radiatorja smo merili na dveh točkah. Prva točka je bila na sredini radiatorja, druga pa na spodnjem delu. Ker je med merjenji prišlo do velikih razlik v temperaturi in nepričakovanega poteka izmerjene segrevalne krivulje, ki jo je izmeril registrator, smo morali težave sproti reševati. Bistveni problem je bil v delovanju grelca pri radiatorju z oljem, ki ni enakomerno grel olja v notranjosti radiatorja. Zaradi nekonstantnih meritev smo točko merjenja temperature na radiatorju prestavili v bližino grelca, ki se je nahajal v spodnjem delu radiatorja. Meritve, narejene z radiatorjem z oljem, smo razdelili na tri dele. V prvem delu so zajete tiste meritve, pri katerih smo merili temperaturo na spodnjem delu radiatorja, izmerjene segrevalne krivulje pa so približno konstantne. V drugem delu so meritve, pri katerih smo merili temperaturo na srednjem delu radiatorja, izmerjene segrevalne krivulje pa so nekonstantne. V tretjem delu so meritve, kjer smo merili temperaturo na spodnjem delu radiatorja. Ti rezultati so se izkazali najbolj točni. Naredili smo tudi primerjavo med radiatorjem z oljem in radiatorjem z vodo. Poleg različnih fizičnih dimenzij se je za najpomembnejšo razliko med njima izkazala snov, ki se nahaja v notranjosti radiatorja. Pri obdelavi podatkov in analizi grafov smo prišli do zaključka, da je na začetku najpomembnejši pravilen izračun in izmeritev vseh površin radiatorja, saj lahko le tako pri nadaljnjih korakih pravilno izračunamo segrevalno krivuljo. Zelo pomembno je tudi, da pravilno in smotrno izberemo točko merjenja temperature, sicer lahko dobimo zelo različne poteke segrevalnih krivulj, ki lahko v ključnih situacijah negativno vplivajo na okolje, človeka itn. Cilj diplomske naloge je pokazati, da lahko z zelo preprostimi metodami merjenja temperature in z zelo malo finančnega vložka dosežemo točne rezultate ob predpostavki, da naprava (v našem primeru radiator) pravilno deluje. The purpose of the diploma thesis was to measure and calculate the heating curve of the electric oil-filled radiator. We also made a comparison with a water-filled radiator, which has until now been used for study purposes in laboratory exercises. When comparing radiators, we wanted to show the essential physical differences, as well as the heating curve, which is very different due to different materials and fillings. To calculate the heating curve, we had to measure very accurately and calculate the horizontal, vertical and radiant surfaces of the radiator, which represent the most important part, so that the results of the calculated heating curve match the measured ones. The measured heating curve was measured by a special programmer on the computer. The temperature of the radiator was measured using a thermocouple, which cold end was in a specially isolated container that was filled with crushed ice. The hot end of the thermocouple measured the temperature on the radiator. The temperature of the radiator was measured at two points. The first point was in the middle of the radiator and the second point at the bottom. Since there were large differences in temperature and unexpected heating curve measured by the programmer during the measurement, we had to deal with the problems promptly. The essential problem was the operation of the heater with an oil-filled radiator that did not even heat the oil inside the radiator. Due to the inconsistent measurements, the temperature measurement point on the radiator was moved near the heater, which was located in the lower part of the radiator. Measurements made with an oil-filled radiator were divided into three parts. The first part covers those measurements for which we measured the temperature at the bottom of the radiator, and the measured heating curves are approximately constant. In the second part, measurements were made for which we measured the temperature of the middle part of the radiator, and the measured heating curves are inconsistent. In the third part, there are those measurements where we measured the temperature at the bottom of the radiator. These results proved to be the most accurate. We also made a comparison between the oil-filled radiator and the water-filled radiator. In addition to the various physical dimensions between them, the most important difference was the substance located inside the radiator. With processing data and graph analysis, we concluded that at the beginning the most important part is the correct calculation and measurement of all surfaces of the radiator, since only in this way can the heating curve be properly calculated in the next steps. It is also very important that the point of temperature measurement is chosen correctly and reasonably, otherwise we can get very different flows of heating curves that can have a negative impact on the environment, on people, etc., in key situations. The goal of the diploma thesis was to show that with simple methods of temperature measurement and with very little financial input, we can achieve accurate results, if the device (in our case the radiator) is working properly.