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Intramedullary headless screw fixation has come to the fore in the treatment of metacarpal fractures in recent years with its advantages. Our aim was to evaluate the metacarpal morphometry for retrograde intramedullary entrance and to determine the optimal entry point. Computed tomography images of 105 patients including 64 men and 41 women, were examined. Distal and proximal metacarpal widths, medullary cavity width, cortex thickness and the measurements of the optimal entry site in volar-dorsal and radio-ulnar directions were measured in both coronal and sagittal planes. In the sagittal plane, the second metacarpal had the widest proximal width (16.29 mm), distal width was greatest in the third metacarpal (14.34 mm) which was significantly different between the sexes (p<0.001). Third metacarpal had the widest medullary cavity width in the sagittal plane (4.12 mm). In the coronal plane, it was the second metarcarpal with the widest proximal (16.14 mm) and distal width (13.92 mm) and was also the longest (66.32 mm). Unlike the sagittal plane, the medullary cavity width in the coronal plane was at the widest (4.06 mm) in fifth metacarpal. The points determined for optimal entry were respectively (4.60 mm; 4.97 mm; 4.55 mm; 4.36 mm) in the dorsal-volar plane, close to the dorsal side. There was no significant difference between the sexes for optimal insertion point in the sagittal planes in all the measured metacarpals. Considering its three dimensional structure, metacarpal bones have irregular morphometric properties and these features differ in sagittal and coronal planes. The optimal entry site is located in the midline in the coronal plane, while it is located in the sagittal plane close to the dorsal part. Knowing these properties can reduce the complication rate by reducing entry attempts and help select the correct material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontogeny is a biological process associated with the appearance or disappearance of anatomical structures and physiological associated process. The objective of this work is to describe ontogenic development of Brycon moorei, an oviparous and potamodromous fish species. It is a contribution to a better understanding of its initial development. Samples were obtained from parents kept in captivity. Woynarovich-type incubators were used for the embryos and cement ponds for the larvae, both with a constant supply of water at an average temperature of 27 °C and food availability. The hours post-fertilization (HPF) of ontogeny were recorded. The optic capsule was evident at 9 HPF, the opening of the mouth and anus at 23 and 24 HPF respectively. Duration of each phase during the embryonic period: cleavage (4 h), gastrulation (3 h), embryogenesis (7 h) and, of the larval period: vitelline larva (28 h), pre-flexion (61 h), flexion (80 h) and post-flexion (>170 h). In each period and phase the analysis of its shape was carried out using distance measurements. Larvae had a considerable increase in length with the HPF. Total number of myomers was kept constant since preflexion phase. Our results can be used to explain the general picture of early development of B. moorei under captivity conditions. Also, they can help develop better breeding methods for larvae in production and to find diagnostic characters that can be used at the taxonomic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maturation studies are important for establishing the harvest time, in this view we aim to evaluate the maturation of Lecythis pisonis fruits and seeds. Fruits and seeds with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months old was studied about morphology and morphometry, the fresh mass of seeds in fruits (%), the water content (%) and the dry mass of seeds (g), and chemical constituents of the reserves in seeds with 4 and 5 months old. In the emergence test, seedling emergence and root protrusion, mortality and seed dormancy were determined. The fruits became ellipticalovoid on 2 months, distinguishing the median region in which the calicin is present and a constriction that marks the operculum. The arillate seeds were formed in four locules. At the beginning the seeds were hyaline and became brown until 4 months and the embryo was observed from 3rd month, but it remained undifferentiated and surrounded by endosperm, with lipid reserves. The seeds of 5 months old presented 60.3% of the water content, higher dry mass (3 g), greater emergence (67.0 ± 15.3%) and lower mortality (9%), but 9% was dormant. The morphological maturity of fruits and seeds was achieved on 4 months but physiological maturity occurs on 5 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum seria Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tecno-Lógica is the property of Tecno-Logica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO. Talitroides topitotum (Burt, 1934) (Talitridae) é um dos representantes de Amphipoda que se adaptaram ao ambiente terrestre. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a estrutura populacional deste talitrídeo e correlacionar entre si dados morfométricos e aspectos reprodutivos da população. O estudo foi realizado na região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre junho de 2020 e maio de 2021. Para tal, foram coletados mensalmente espécimes com o auxílio de armadilhas de queda (pitfalls), que ficaram expostos durante 48 horas no campo. Os animais foram sexados, fotografados e medidos (comprimento corporal, comprimento cefálico e comprimento do marsúpio - em milímetros). As fêmeas ovígeras tiveram todos os seus ovos contados e medidos. Além disso, foram comparados os tamanhos máximos e latitudes de estudos populacionais realizados com a espécie. No total foram coletados 492 indivíduos, dos quais 62 eram fêmeas ovígeras, 188 não-ovígeras e 242 juvenis. Nenhum macho foi amostrado. Houve correlação significativa entre o comprimento corporal e cefálico e o comprimento corporal e de marsúpio nas fêmeas ovígeras. Não houve correlação entre os dados morfométricos e a fecundidade das fêmeas. Na análise de correlação entre tamanho dos talitrídeos e latitude houve correlação positiva, embora não significativa. O tamanho corporal pode ser inferido a partir do tamanho cefálico, bem como o do marsúpio a partir do corporal, pois ambos estão fortemente correlacionados. O fato de não haver relação entre tamanho e fecundidade pode estar relacionado a fatores ambientais, já que os mesmos podem afetar a reprodução do grupo. No que diz respeito à relação entre tamanho e latitude, mais estudos devem ser conduzidos com uma amostra maior, a fim de que seja verificada se a relação é significativa ou não.

Este trabalho objetivou analisar as características morfométricas, geomorfológicas e a variação das classes de cobertura do solo, no baixo curso do rio Mamanguape na Paraíba. A caracterização morfométrica foi realizada a partir dos atributos geométricos, das características de relevo e da rede de drenagem da região hidrográfica. Para o mapeamento geomorfológico, foram elencadas as unidades geológicas, pedológicas e de relevo. Quanto à cobertura do solo, empregou-se o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (IVDN), através de imagens dos satélites Landsat 5-TM e Landsat 8- OLI, para os anos de 1985 e 2018. Constatou-se que a sub-bacia apresenta forma pouco alongada, baixas altitudes, relevo predominantemente plano e suavemente ondulado, aspectos que contribuem para a ocorrência de planícies de inundação. Trata-se de um sistema majoritariamente sedimentar, com predominância de tabuleiros, planícies e colinas amplas e suaves, constituídos por solos argilosos e areno-argilosos, de baixa fertilidade. A variação de cobertura do solo indica a expansão da carcinicultura e da cana-de-açúcar, fazendo surgir conflitos ambientais. Observou-se também a melhoria da atividade fotossintética na área delimitada como sendo de relevante interesse ecológico, fator de grande relevância devido à presença do manguezal, alvo de constantes pressões antrópicas.

Sucessivos movimentos de massa têm sido deflagrados no Brasil, especialmente, no compartimento da Serra do Mar, com diversas perdas sociais e econômicas. Nesse contexto, após meses ininterruptos de precipitação significativa sobre o município de Caraguatatuba (estado de São Paulo), inúmeros escorregamentos e corridas, sobretudo fluxos de detritos, foram observados por toda a cidade em 1967, especialmente, na bacia do rio Guaxinduba. Assim, algumas questões podem ser formuladas: (i) qual a contribuição de áreas suscetíveis a escorregamentos na deflagração de corridas? (ii) qual o papel de índices morfométricos na suscetibilidade a estes processos? Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a integração entre os mecanismos responsáveis pela suscetibilidade a escorregamentos translacionais e a sua contribuição no potencial de fluxos de detritos na bacia do Guaxinduba, utilizando o modelo TRIGRS e índices morfométricos. Foi realizada uma análise conjunta entre os escorregamentos, a partir de mapa de suscetibilidade gerado pelo modelo TRIGRS, validado por meio da sobreposição de cicatrizes, e sua relação com índices morfométricos para a intensificação de corridas. Os resultados indicaram que 71% da bacia foi classificada como instável pelo TRIGRS (mais suscetível aos escorregamentos) com 67% das cicatrizes mapeadas concordantes a essas classes. As sub-bacias do Guaxinduba com áreas inferiores a 3 km², amplitudes superiores a 300 m e índice de circularidade superior a 0,5 apresentaram maiores condições na geração das corridas. Em uma análise conjunta, as áreas instáveis classificadas pelo TRIGRS podem ser fundamentais na contribuição de sedimentos para futuros eventos de corridas de massa. O uso de diferentes métodos evidenciou que a bacia do Rio Guaxinduba, em casos de precipitações intensas e concentradas ou episódios extremos, é suscetível as corridas de massa, principalmente, os fluxos de detritos.

El presente trabajo con el Tapir amazónico (Tapirus terrestris) se realizó en el Zoológico de Quito en Guayllabamba, durante los meses de abril del 2010 hasta marzo del 2011, se analizó cronológicamente la somatometría del tapir de tierras bajas (T. terrestris). Se efectuó mediciones corporales del neonato teniendo contacto directo con los tapires evitando así las capturas físicas, se ejecutó un total de 25 muestreos con 33 estructuras evaluadas, iniciando los monitoreos al quinto día de vida de la cría. Se observó un crecimiento acelerado en los primeros meses de vida de la cría. El porcentaje de desarrollo de cada estructura presenta un dominio de crecimiento por parte de la estructura “I” siendo el 17.328% del total corporal y el menor porcentaje de crecimiento es de la estructura “G” con un 0.24 %. Al lograr registrar el crecimiento cronológico del tapir se observó que las medidas corporales no crecen con regularidad como se piensa, sino que sigue patrones biológicos, anatómicos y genético- evolutivos, los cuales determinan el ritmo de crecimiento de cada estructura somática del individuo debido a la función que cumplan y en dependencia del hábitat que ocupen

From 1984 stereology was added to unbiased methods and procedures, i.e., counts became more reliable studying morphological images in a random and uniform isotropic way. Therefore, the orientation and sectioning methods adapted to stereological quantification are essential. A critical quantitative subject in practical pathology concerns diagnosing and classifying neoplasias. Pathologists evaluated different types of tumors by determining the nuclear roundness factor (NRF). NRF is calculated by the ratio between the nuclear radius obtained from the area and the perimeter. However, NRF is biased data because it depends on the sectioning orientation, nuclei shape, and section thickness. The stereology proposed an unbiased alternative to assess the nucleus from tumor cells, counteracting NRF quantitatively. Therefore, the volume-weighted mean nuclear volume has been used to prognostic tumors in several organs. In urology, this was used, for example, to study primary carcinoma of the bladder, renal and prostatic carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research study is to assess the effect of plant spacing on vegetative development and crown morphometry of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Brazil nut) in the Peruvian Amazon. Two 16-year-old plantations with different initial spacings are examined by measuring the dasometric variables of 474 B. excelsa trees to calculate five morphometric crown indices. The results show that the highest vegetative development is found in trees with the smallest initial spacing. Diameter and height are negatively correlated with slenderness rate and salience index while coverage index and crown shape have a negative correlation with diameter. Tree development and crown morphometry of B. excelsa are significantly affected by initial spacing. In conclusion, plant spacing is an important parameter for establishing and managing B. excelsa plantations in the Peruvian Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Specimens of the Peromyscus boylii species group distributed in the western and northeastern montane regions of Michoacán, México, historically have been assigned to P. levipes. Previous studies indicated that these specimens possessed mitochondrial DNA haplotypes that were distinct from both P. levipes and P. kilpatricki , a recently named species in the P. boylii species group from northeastern Michoacán and western Morelos. Herein karyotypic, DNA sequence, and morphological data were analyzed from those populations to evaluate their taxonomic affinity. Karyotypic data indicated that individuals from western Michoacán (Dos Aguas and Aguililla) and from a newly discovered population in northeastern Michoacán (Zinapécuaro) were chromosomally similar to P. carletoni (FN = 68) but distinct from other taxa assigned to the P. boylii species group. Analyses of cranial characteristics indicated that, relative to other species in the P. boylii species group, two morphologically distinct groups were present that corresponded to the Dos Aguas/Aguililla and Zinapécuaro populations, respectively. The latter population, although represented by a small sample size (n = 5 specimens), appeared to exhibit some trenchant morphological distinctions compared with other cryptic species in the P. boylii group. Phylogenetic analyses (parsimony, Bayesian, and likelihood) of DNA sequences obtained from the mitochondrial cytochrome- b gene indicated that although the individuals from Dos Aguas/Aguililla and Zinapécuaro formed a sister group relationship, they formed monophyletic clades that differed genetically (2.54%)—a level approaching that seen between other sister species of Peromyscus. Further, the Dos Aguas/Aguililla and Zinapécuaro clade was more closely aligned with a clade containing representatives of P. carletoni and P. levipes instead of with those from closer geographic proximities (P. kilpatricki) located in eastern Michoacán. Together, these results indicated that these two populations seemingly represent two undescribed species in the P. boylii species group for which we propose the names Peromyscus greenbaumi for populations in western Michoacán (circa Dos Aguas and Aguililla) and Peromyscus ensinki for populations in northeastern Michoacán (circa Zinapécuaro). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción: el síndrome metabólico se caracteriza por alteraciones histológicas y funcionales del corazón y el empleo de métodos morfométricos constituye un instrumento imprescindible en la evaluación de la morfología celular cardíaca. Objetivo: describir las diferencias histomorfométricas del músculo cardíaco de un modelo de ratas sanas y otro grupo sometido a un estado de síndrome metabólico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio investigativo de desarrollo, correlacional y transversal que utilizó un sistema de métodos morfométricos en el período comprendido desde octubre de 2015 hasta septiembre de 2019. Se analizaron láminas histológicas de corazón correspondientes a 16 ratas Sprague-Dawley machos, distribuidas de forma aleatoria en dos grupos experimentales, con tres tomas de imágenes a cada muestra de corazón procesada. Se emplearon técnicas de estadística descriptiva para la caracterización de la muestra por las diferentes variables estudiadas, y se aplicó la prueba paramétrica ANOVA de un factor para análisis de varianza para las comparaciones de los grupos. Resultados: existió variabilidad en los parámetros morfométricos estudiados y el grupo enfermo ofrece los mayores valores de área celular y el área nuclear. Estos hallazgos resultan consistentes con la evolución natural de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda en el curso del síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: el área de la fibra muscular y el área nuclear resultaron mayores en el grupo inducido tratado.

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito estudiar la variabilidad morfométrica, dimorfismo y faneróptica de cabras mestizas de comunidades rurales del municipio de Nindirí, Masaya. De una población total de 208 animales se evaluaron por muestreo aleatorio 35 individuos adultos, a los cuales se les determinaron, 13 medidas morfológicas, 13 fanerópticas, 9 índices zoométricos y las variables biológicas, edad y peso vivo. La edad y el peso vivo en los machos presentaron los menores valores, pero con mayor nivel de variación. Las medidas cefálicas, alzadas y en los diámetros longitudinal (DL) y dorso esternal (DDE) no presentaron un dimorfismo muy marcado entre sexos. El ancho de pecho (AP) y las medidas de la grupa, ancho (AG) y largo (LG), resultaron ligeramente mayores en las hembras, con niveles altos de variabilidad. Los perímetros torácicos y de la caña, tampoco presentaron diferencias muy marcadas entre ambos sexos. La homogeneidad morfoestructural de estos animales es alta, 76.92 % de las variables presentan un coeficiente de variación entre mediano a bajo (coeficiente de variación menor de 10 %), siendo las alzadas las que presentan las proporciones de variabilidad más bajas. En base a los índices etnológicos y de capacidad productiva, los animales serian morfológicamente, dolicocéfalos, poco compactos, mediolíneos, convexilíneos y Braquimorfos. Los valores de los índices pelvianos longitudinal (IPEL) y transversal (IPET), revelan falta de actitud productiva especializada. En las faneras predominaron: capas, mucosas y pezuñas obscuras, pelo de longitud mediana y ausencia de raspil, calzón, perilla y mamellas. En las características morfológicas sobresalieron los perfiles fronto nasal recto, orejas medianas horizontales, acornes, ubres despigmentadas, abolsadas, y pezones con números normales y paralelos. Se encontraron menos del 50 % de las correlaciones positivas y significantes, por lo que esta población puede considerarse de modelo morfoestructural poco armónico. Cuatro componentes principales (ACP) explicaron el 77 % de la variación total, destacándose dentro de ellos siete variables con mayor poder de discriminación

Brazilian Association of Crioulo Horse Breeders (ABCCC) establishes minimal and maximal body biometrics evaluation; although, nothing is mentioned about testicular measurements. Body and testicular growth are associated and related to age. We described data regarding body and testicular biometry of Crioulo stallions, with a comparative study between young and adult categories. Evaluation was performed in 56 stallions, Crioulo breed, split in: youngsters (3 and 4 years-old, n=16) and adults (above 5 years-old, n=40). Body biometry included weight, height, cannon bone and chest circumference, body score condition and neck fat accumulation. Testicular biometry included height, length, width, volume, combined volume and daily sperm output (DSO). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, comparison between means by Kruskal Wallis, being P < 0.05 considered significant. There was no significant difference between the parameters of body and testicular biometrics between categories young and adult. In relation to height, the average was very close to the lower limit established, while chest and cannon bone circumference were above the minimum recommended by ABCCC. Cannon bone circumference presented a positive correlation with height. Most of stallions presented excessive body fat, with a body score condition above 8 (scale 1-9). Neck fat accumulation presented a positive correlation with body score condition. Testicular height, length, width and volume presented a positive correlation between the ipsi and contralateral testicle, total testicular volume and DSO. In conclusion, no difference in the body and testicular biometric evaluation was observed between young and adult Crioulo stallions. Testicular and body growth are associated and also related to age, so our finding suggested that after 3-4 years-old most of Crioulo stallions have already reached maximum growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ants present a great diversity in different ecosystems of the Neotropics. Objective: the diversity and morphometry of formicids (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Fundo San José, Chanchamayo province, Junín region, Peru was evaluated. The collection was carried out in the rainy season of 2017. 40 soil traps were placed in the secondary forest of Fundo at 24 h of exposure. Four types of traps were used: pitfall, necrotrap, coprotrap and carpotramp, of which only pitfall and necrotrap collected ants. The collected samples were identified at the morphospecies level using specialized taxonomic keys. Eighteen individual variables and three proportional indices were taken for each one of the formicid morphospecies. A total of 330 individuals and 26 morphospecies were obtained. The four dominant species were: Ochetomyrmex cf. neopolitus, Dolichoderus cf. ghilianii, Crematogaster sp1, A. sexdens, Pheidole sp3 and Neoponera verenae. The pitfall trap presented the highest species richness compared to the necrotrap. Regarding morphometry, Pachycondyla crassinoda presented the largest size, whose measurement was 10.4 mm, and the smallest was Solenopsis sp1, whose measurement was 0.09 mm. A particular characteristic was observed in two morphospecies when evaluating the mesosome in Gnamptogenys sp2, it presents the mesosome larger than P. crassinoda, which is not proportional to the body. Most of its body is present in the mesosome and in P. crassinoda most of its body is present in the gaster. The similarity indices showed low levels of morphospecies of formicidae shared between traps. The frontal index presented a greater degree of variation between the minimum and maximum value in the 26 morphospecies compared to the other two proportional indices. The diversity is high and the morphometry is variable of the formicids existing in the San José Fundo, Chanchamayo, Junín region, Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the morphometric characteristics of the São Martinho stream microbasin, belonging to the municipality of Tupã (SP), applying geoprocessing using the Geographic Information System QGIS version 3.12.12. The microbasin located between latitudes 21° 51' 49" and 21° 58' 24" S and longitudes 50° 20' 38" and 50° 32' 44" W, has an area of 3612 ha. The Parnaso (SP) planialtimetric chart (IBGE, 1974), on a scale of 1:50000, was used as the cartographic base for delimiting the microbasin, drainage network extracting and contour lines. This microbasin was classified as being of 4th order, according to the hierarchy proposed by Arthur Strahler, being classified with a vocation for agriculture and pasture, due to its smooth undulating relief. The drainage density was classified from median to low and is not subject to flooding, but due to its circular shape to oval-shaped, it is prone to rapid flooding, favoring erosion. Due to these factors, there are risks of susceptibility to erosion and environmental degradation, being fundamental the maintenance of the vegetation cover and riparian zones for the conservation of environmental services in addition to conservationist measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Estimate the morphometric, phaneroptic, and four dominant gene diversity in backyard native birds with naked neck (Gallus domesticus L. Subspecie nudicollis) in the Sabanas subregion, department of Sucre - Colombia. Materials and methods. Overall, 650 adult birds (480 hens and 170 roosters) from 10 different locations, 14 morphometric variables, eight phaneroptics, and four dominant genes were measured. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Animals were compared between localities by means of the analysis of variance and Duncan test. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated from body weight and tarsal size, morphostructural harmony was evaluated from the correlations between the measurements, and the frequencies of the Frizzled feather, silky feather, pilopody, and polydactyly genes and their influence were estimated on four morphometric variables. Phaneroptic variables were evaluated using frequencies. Results. The analyzed descriptors showed a superiority in roosters than over hens as well as between localities (p<0.001). Bodyweight and tarsal length were sexual differentiators (p<0.001). Low bodily harmony was evidenced. The estimated allele frequencies were low except for the Polydactyly gene, because the birds with this gene were significantly larger (p<0.001). The phaneroptic characteristics describe a bird with normal brown plumage, white tarsi, a red lobe color, and a red-orange eye, with a simple crest and small-medium size in hens and medium-large in roosters. Conclusions. A heterogeneous population with great phaneroptic variability was found. There are indications of introgression of specialized breeds. The frequencies of the dominant genes were low, with higher performance for the characteristics BW, BL, TP, LL and WL in birds with polydactyly genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research study was conducted in the Gubawan watershed, Basilan province. The watershed has a total area of 19,348.48 hectares (193.48 km2). The study aims to characterize the watershed in terms of morphometric analysis and rank it according to management prioritization. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used and processed in GIS software to produce maps and other data. Some linear and shape morphometric parameters are used in the evaluation for ranking. The study revealed that subwatersheds (SW5) and (SW1) ranked first and seventh. High-risk sub-watershed was given priority in terms of management prioritization to reduce soil erosion, enhanced infiltration, and promote conservation farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphometric characteristics of the hydrographic basin of the river Peruípe BA Brazil are determined by SIB, employing ArcGIS 10.8©. It is highly important to assess physiological characteristics of the basin to efficiently manage hydric resources. The basin's delimitations were obtained through morphometric characteristics such as drainage area, perimeter, total length of water courses and main river, through ArcGIS©. Drainage density, compactness coefficient, form factor, circularity index, maintenance coefficient and basin's mean declivity were calculated. Evaluation of characteristics revealed that the river Peruípe basin is an elongated basin in natural conditions with low susceptibility to flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Muchos estudios ecomorfológicos están limitados por el tiempo que demora la recopilación manual de mediciones. Por ello, las innovaciones metodológicas han dado tanta importancia a la automatización del proceso. En el presente trabajo se elabora, implementa y valida un protocolo para la obtención semiautomatizada de un conjunto de variables morfométricas de los huevos de las aves a partir de fotografías digitales. El protocolo se implementó en lenguaje R como una aplicación web llamada OvometriK que, luego de binarizar y calibrar las imágenes, permite calcular once variables utilizando funciones geométricas y trigonométricas. Se prueban varias vías de cálculo, suponiendo la continuidad del contorno o por conteo de vóxeles. La aplicación se valida con figuras geométricas y 30 huevos de gallina medidos manualmente. La validación matemática con círculos mostró que el algoritmo fue capaz de medir los diámetros con gran precisión, con una correlación del 99,9 %. El error de estimación fue del 1,4 % en promedio. La estimación del volumen por métodos matemáticos lo subestima en un 27 %, mientras que por conteo de vóxeles solo lo subestima en un 6 %. La diferencia entre las medidas manuales de los diámetros de los huevos y las obtenidas a partir de las imágenes fue inferior a 3 mm (4 %). La correlación entre el volumen estimado y medido por vaciado con gel de sílice fue superior al 90 % cuando se emplea el método de conteo de vóxeles. Ni el ángulo de inclinación de los huevos ni la resolución de las fotografías tuvieron efectos significativos (diferencia máxima del 3,2 %). Las mediciones mostraron una replicabilidad alta y representaron un ahorro significativo de tiempo. El protocolo representa una mejora respecto de las limitaciones de plataforma, la accesibilidad y el número de variables en comparación con programas anteriores, además de que su carácter abierto y flexible permite adaptarlo a otras aplicaciones específicas.

A bacia hidrográfica é a principal unidade fisiográfica do terreno, considerada como a área ideal para o planejamento e gestão dos recursos naturais e dos processos produtivos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a parametria do terreno e o uso da terra e a cobertura vegetal da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Ceroula (BHCC). A metodologia pautou-se na utilização de produtos de sensoriamento remoto que permitiram as análises de terreno e de uso da terra e cobertura vegetal em softwares de um SIG. As formas do relevo e a dinâmica natural contribuíram para a configuração do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal que se consolidam até os dias atuais, houve um leve aumento da massa vegetal e algumas áreas de pastagens foram sendo ocupadas por atividades agrícolas no período de 2000 a 2018.

RESUMO A marcha é um andamento natural de algumas raças de equinos, o qual resulta de movimentos coordenados, e é o andamento característico dos cavalos Campeiros. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar relações entre medidas lineares e angulares com o tipo de marcha dos cavalos da raça Campeiro. Foram avaliados 113 equinos adultos, sendo realizadas 12 medidas lineares e 11 angulares de cada animal. Para obtenção das medidas lineares, utilizou-se hipômetro e fita métrica, e, para as medidas angulares, artrogoniômetro e podogoniômetro. Para avaliar e classificar a marcha, os animais foram montados e filmados por vista lateral. Dos 113 animais, 36 (32%) apresentaram marcha incompleta, 74 (65%) marcha completa, e três (3%) a guinilha. Dos equinos com marcha completa, 20 (27%) apresentaram marcha batida, 14 (19%) marcha de centro e 40 (54%) marcha picada. Apenas a medida linear, altura da garupa, apresentou diferença entre os tipos de andamentos (P

La apicultura en México se sostiene con subespecies de abejas (Apis mellifera L) europeas y africanizadas. Debido a la dificultad en la diferenciación morfológica de las poblaciones Europeas (E) y Africanizadas (A) de A. mellifera, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis comparativo entre la técnica morfométrica FABIS, contra el diagnóstico empleando el polimorfismo en la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (RFLP) del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt). Se emplearon muestras de abejas procedentes de 135 colonias comerciales (CC), 15 colonias pie de cría (CPC) y 3 colonias silvestres (CS) localizados en diferentes municipios del estado de Tabasco (N=153). Ambos métodos de diagnóstico, identificaron a las CPC como europeas y las CS como africanizadas, pero en las CC el método FABIS no pudo definir 9 colonias, dándolas como sospechosas (S) y otras 50 no coincidieron con el resultado del método molecular, por lo que, en total ambos métodos coincidieron en 94 identificaciones (61.44 %). El agrupamiento bayesiano basado en el análisis de las doce variables morfométricas mostró que las categorías A-CC y E-CC, forman un grupo cercano a la categoría E-CPC; mientras que la categoría A-CS presentó la mayor distancia formando un grupo aislado. Por lo tanto, abejas de CC tienen características morfométricas tendientes a abejas E-CPC. Este trabajo también pretende ser una contribución a la falta de registros sobre la africanización en el estado de Tabasco. Se recomienda emplear el método molecular para discriminar entre abejas E/A, por no estar afectado por los factores ambientales.

O conhecimento dos aspectos físicos da paisagem na escala da bacia hidrográfica, como relevo, morfometria, e as inter-relações com a dinâmica hidrológica possibilitam compreender os padrões de drenagem e inferir sobre as áreas mais vulneráveis ambientalmente. Diante disso, o estudo objetivou correlacionar espacialmente os padrões de drenagem com as características morfométricas da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirajibu-Mirim e identificar quais os compartimentos são mais vulneráveis à intervenção antrópica. O processamento dos dados foi realizado a partir de geoprocessamento, sendo utilizados o índice de concentração de rugosidade, curvatura horizontal e vertical das vertentes, altitude e declividade. Os parâmetros morfométricos contemplaram os índices de circularidade, coeficiente de compacidade, fator de forma, densidade de drenagem, coeficiente de manutenção e extensão do percurso superficial da água de enxurrada. As correlações foram realizadas a partir de análise multivariada de Componentes Principais e Análise de Conglomerados Hierárquicos. Os resultados evidenciaram que as sub-bacias se diferem em relação à área e perímetro, forma e drenagem, e morfografia (altitudes, declividades e curvaturas) e que esses aspectos estão relacionados aos padrões de drenagem. O estudo permitiu identificar os compartimentos que necessitam de atenção quanto às ações de gestão e manejo devido às suas características físicas intrínsecas.

Objetivo. Estimar la diversidad morfométrica, faneróptica y de cuatro genes dominantes en aves criollas de pescuezo desnudo (Gallus domesticus L. Subespecie nudicollis) de traspatio en la subregión Sabana, departamento de Sucre (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. En 650 aves adultas (480 gallinas y 170 gallos) de 10 localidades, se midieron 14 variables morfométricas, ocho fanerópticas y cuatro genes dominantes. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivos. Mediante análsis de varianza y test de Ducan se compararon las aves entre localidades. Se evaluó la armonía morfoestructural a partir de las correlaciones entre las mediciones. Se estimaron las frecuencias de los genes Frizzled feather, silky feather, ptilopody y polydactyly, e influencia, sobre cuatro variables mofométricas. Las variables fanerópticas se evaluaron mediante frecuencias. Resultados. Los descriptores analizados mostraron superioridad de los gallos sobre las gallinas al igual que entre localidades (p< 0.001). El peso corporal y longitud del tarso, fueron diferenciadores sexuales (p< 0.001). Las frecuencias alélicas estimadas fueron bajas excepto para el gen Polydactyly, cuyas aves fueron significativamente más grandes (p< 0.001). Las características fanerópticas, describen un ave de plumaje normal, de color marrón, tarsos blancos, color de lóbulo rojo y ojo rojo-naranja, de cresta simple y tamaño pequeño-mediano en gallinas y mediano-grande en gallos. Conclusiones. Se encontró una población heterogénea con gran variabilidad fanerópticas, hay indicios de introgresión de razas especializadas. Las frecuencias de los genes dominantes fueron bajas, con mayor rendimiento para las características W, LC, PT, LP y LA en las aves con genotipo polydactyly.

Rúgolo de Agrasar recognized two varieties of Deyeuxia velutina (D. velutina var. velutina and D. velutina var. nardifolia) based on leaf sheath indumentum, lemma length, and leaf blade direction. However, taxonomic delimitation has been difficult due to occasional overlapping characters. To assess the infraspecific delimitation of D. velutina, we present a comprehensive study combining morphometric analyses and a potential distribution model. To explore morphological variation and select diagnostic characters, we measured 124 morphological characters in 52 specimens of both varieties and performed a principal coordinate analysis and univariate analyses (Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test). Both taxa resolved as separate morphological groups. Additionally, a Discriminant Analysis was performed to classify the individuals in the predetermined morphological groups. For modeling the species distribution, 26 specimens of D. velutina var. nardifolia and 68 of D. velutina var. velutina were georeferenced and 20 environmental variables were analyzed through a Maximum Entropy model. Deyeuxia velutina extends in the high Andean region from Peru to southern Argentina and Chile. Both varieties differed in their geographical limits, a result supported by regression analyses of latitude and longitude on the principal coordinates of the PCoA. Deyeuxia velutina var. nardifolia is restricted to the northern area of distribution while D. velutina var. velutina showed a higher habitat suitability in the southern region. Moreover, D. velutina var. nardifolia is here reported for the first time in San Juan province (Argentina), constituting the austral limit of its geographical distribution. Additional reliable morphological characters were considered in an updated key to the varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root-lesion nematodes are among the most prevalent nematodes that can infect and cause damage to grapevine roots. Females and juveniles of a Pratylenchus sp. were extracted from composite root samples collected from muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) in a vineyard in central Florida. Morphological observations and molecular analysis of 28S large subunit ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of this population indicated that it was a representative of the amaryllis rootlesion nematode, Pratylenchus hippeastri. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of P. hippeastri on muscadine grape. Morphological characters of the population from muscadine grape in Florida were consistent with those in the original description for the species except for slight variation in the ratio b' [4.5 (3.7-5.9) vs 3.9 (3.6-4.3); mean (range)] and excretory pore distance from anterior end [85.0 (84.7-101.0) vs 91.0 (85.0-95.0) μm)]. The Florida population from muscadine grape had longer body length (588 (478.0-668.0) μm) than that of other populations previously recovered from apple in China (447.8 (400.7-479.8) μm) and European grape (Vitis vinifera) in California (436.0 (402.0-476.0) μm). The occurrence of P. hippeastri on muscadine grape and other hosts reported outside Florida suggests that this species has a wide host and geographical range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the marine turtle conservation program in Boca de Tomates, Jalisco, Mexico, all nests are relocated to fenced-off beach hatchery or polystyrene boxes due to illegal egg collection, predation, erosion, and high sand temperatures. For both methods we evaluated the following nest viability and hatchling quality parameters: hatching success, nest temperatures, incubation duration, and hatchling quality (locomotor performance, morphometrics, weight, and congenital malformations). Hatching success was significantly higher in the beach hatchery (mean 77.4%, n = 1,368) than in boxes (average 59.91%, n = 1,160) (P < 0.001). The beach hatchery nests hatched in less time (hatchery = 46 d, boxes = 51 d) (P < 0.001) due to the significantly higher mean temperature (hatchery = 32.62 °C, boxes 30.58 °C) (P < 0.001). The hatchery was exposed to less temperature variability per day (hatchery = 1.46 °C, boxes = 2.69 °C) (P < 0.001). To test hatchling quality, 10 hatchlings were randomly selected from each nest (n = 254). The weight, size, and locomotor performance (righting response and time to crawl 3 m) of these organisms were recorded. Live and dead neonates were carefully inspected for malformations (n = 2,000). No significant difference was found between incubation methods in any hatchling quality parameter (P > 0.050). The malformations at this site have low prevalence (hatchery = 1.35%, boxes = 1.89%) and low intensity index per organism (hatchery = 1.52, boxes = 1.89) compared to other studies and species. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that compares hatchling quality from 2 ex situ incubation methods in a single species (Lepidochelys olivacea), at the same location, and during the same period of time. Carrying out studies such as this one is important, since the quality of hatchlings can contribute to their ability to survive and reproduce in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the disease by non-alcoholic fatty liver is considered the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome and is accompanied by histological and functional alterations of the liver. The Morphometry is a valuable tool in the assessment of liver morphology. Objective: to describe the histomorphometric differences in the liver of a group of healthy rats and one of them subjected to a state of metabolic syndrome. Methods: a developmental, correlational, cross-sectional, experimental research study with quantitative approach was conducted in the period from October 2015 to September 2019, using a system of morphometric methods. Histological liver slices were analyzed to 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly distributed in two experimental groups of eight animals for each group. Parametric test (one-factor ANOVA) was applied for group comparisons. The existing relationships between the variables were determined. Results: the area of the nucleus was greater in the hepatocytes of the perivenous zone in the induced group. The area of the cytoplasm was greater in the hepatocytes of the perivenous zone, but its behavior was homogeneous in the two study groups. Conclusions: the differences found between the control and induced groups with respect to nuclear and cytoplasmic area could constitute the morphological expression of the biochemical alterations caused by the metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El haba es una leguminosa asociada a sistemas campesinos de clima frío. En Colombia, se cultiva, principalmente, en el departamento de Nariño, donde se ha visto reducida el área y el número de materiales sembrados, debido a la disminución en los niveles de rendimiento del cultivo y la agresividad de los problemas fitosanitarios. Este estudio evaluó la diversidad de esta leguminosa, a partir de la forma y color de la semilla, en una colección de 60 accesiones de haba, discriminadas en siete variedades. Mediante el procesamiento de imágenes digitales y medición manual, se determinó la longitud polar (LP), longitud ecuatorial (LE), relación LP/LE, área (AR), grosor (GR) y peso de cien semillas (P100); además, se calcularon los parámetros de color, basados en la escala CIELab (L*, a* y b*). Las variables, se analizaron con estadística descriptiva, correlación de Pearson y el método multivariado de componentes principales (ACP). Los resultados identificaron alta diversidad de fenotipos, caracterizando, cuantitativamente, las siete variedades. Se presentó correlación alta entre las variables LP, LE y AR, igualmente, entre L* y b*. Con el biplot de los resultados de ACP, se ratificó la variabilidad de la colección y posibilitó generar una agrupación preliminar. La investigación, se puede tomar en cuenta como base para el desarrollo de trabajos de conservación y de evaluación agronómica de esta leguminosa.

Embora a erosão seja um processo natural associada aos fatores naturais como litologia, solo, morfologia das encostas e a chuva, a ação antrópica interfere na sua dinâmica, pois práticas inadequadas de uso podem potencializar a evolução dos processos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as implicações do uso do solo e sua influência na gênese e distribuição das feições erosivas da bacia do córrego Espraiado, São Pedro (SP), a partir de quatro cenários: 1962, 1972, 2000 e 2020. Os mapas do uso do solo e das feições erosivas foram realizados a partir de ortofotos, trabalho de campo e por um método integrado de correlação e validação entre as feições erosivas e o uso do solo, utilizando um índice estatístico potencial de erosão. Os resultados mostraram que as classes de solo exposto e pastagens são as mais suscetíveis em todos os cenários, havendo uma redução da área total das feições erosivas a partir de 2000, devido ao aumento do percentual das classes mata, área urbana consolidada e silvicultura. Por fim, as maiores suscetibilidades das classes de solo exposto e de pasto também estão associadas às classes de curvaturas côncavas e declividade entre 20 e 40%.

Background. Fasciolosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease, which affects different ruminant and non-ruminant hosts from tropical and temperate regions around the world. There are reports that parasites of the genus Fasciola, particularly F. hepatica, show morphological variation according to the species of host animal in which it develops. Objective. To explore the morphometric variation of adults and eggs of F. hepatica collected in the liver of cattle and sheep in the central region of Tabasco, in the Mexican tropics. Methodology. A total of 207 adult parasites (96 from 11 cattle livers and 111 from seven sheep livers) were collected to determine their linear measurements, area, proportions of the body, suckers, and pharynx. Additionally, 384 eggs were measured (119 from sheep and 265 from cattle). Morphometric measurements were grouped by host for statistical comparisons. Results. The study found that the parasites of sheep hosts were, on average, larger than those found in bovine hosts. Preliminary findings showed that F. hepatica from bovine hosts produced, on average, more eggs than parasites from sheep hosts, even though the individuals were, on average, longer and wider than those collected from bovines. Morphometric measurements of the eggs from F. hepatica collected in the different hosts showed no differences. Implications. This type of variation could have implications on the host-parasite relationship that have an impact on animal health and parasitosis control. Conclusion. The present study shows the existence of variation in the size of F. hepatica adults and in the number of eggs they produce by naturally parasitizing two ruminant hosts in the same endemic area.

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to consider the type of variation and to estimate the landmarks for localizing the pterion. One hundred twenty Thai dry skulls were selected randomly from the Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. The distances of the parameters were measured via Vernier caliper. The sphenoparietal type is the most dominant in the Thai population with 88.75 %. In the male, the distance of the midglabella to the pterion was 9.94±0.64 mm The distance of the frontozygomatic suture to the pterion was 35.41±4.38 mm The distance of the zygomatic arch to the pterion was 39.39±4.69 mm and the distance of the mastoid process tip to the pterion was 86.88±4.44 mm In the female, the distance of the midglabella to the pterion was 9.27±0.63 mm The distance of the frontozygomatic suture to the pterion was 33.08±4.12 mm The distance of the zygomatic arch to the pterion was 33.08±4.12 mm and the distance of the mastoid process tip to the pterion was 83.62±5.16 mm. The pterion approach is the most popular method for neurosurgical procedures, and it provides anatomical variations in the pattern. The sphenoparietal type of pterion is the most common form and the stellate type of pterion is the least common form in Thai skulls. Sex influences the location of the pterion. These findings will be of importance to predict the pterion type in Thai skull and estimate the localization of pterion by using a bony landmark. Knowledge of the precise location of the pterion is an important landmark in the neurosurgical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]