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Women's participation in small‐scale aquaculture is growing, but women producers remain in a disadvantaged position compared to men. Reducing gender gaps is at the core of many development programs, but little is known regarding the source of these differences. This paper investigates the main drivers of gender gaps in seaweed small‐scale aquaculture by focusing on the analysis of differences between male and women, and across a series of psychological traits. We use data from a sample of 152 seaweed producers from central‐southern Chile and perform a matching procedure to generate a balanced sample of male and female producers in the dimensions determining their performance in the sector. Our results show that female producers may exhibit more positive psychological traits such as patience and interpersonal trust. However, women's choices in seaweed farming may be incongruent with these characteristics, as expecting more immediate returns than males, and may not be able to exploit the advantages of collaboration in selling in the sector. This supports the notion that opportunity costs (e.g., other activities in the marine area) and outside options (e.g., fishing versus trade) may be one of the major drivers of gender gaps and suggests that there are barriers keeping women from exploiting their potentially advantageous individual characteristics. Results provide important insights for the design of support instruments aimed at reducing these barriers faced by women in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingestion of microplastic particles (MP) through food has been associated with a multitude of health problems in humans. Although ayran is a traditional and nutritious Turkish beverage, the impact of microplastic pollution is unknown. This study examined the incidence of microplastic pollution on ayran by collecting samples throughout the production processes and the ingredients used to make ayran, including water, salt, cream, starting culture, cups, and lastly, the ayran. Optical and scanning electron microscope was applied for MP visualisation and measurement, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for polymer identification. Microplastics were detected in all examined filters except for the starter culture samples. The samples with the highest MP number were salty water (43 MP number/100 mL), salt (33 MP number/100 g), and milk samples taken from homogenization and pasteurization phases (26 MP number/100 mL). Additionally, 18 MP number/100 mL contamination was detected in the last product ayran. MP with a size range of 1–150 µm prevailed (37.38%). Ethylene propylene was the most frequently identified polymer in samples (39.30%). The findings of this study can help provide an overview of microplastic contamination in dairy production facilities and the potential human health risks associated with this microplastic exposure.

This research is related to the production process carried out by the Munzalan TV youtube channel on the dawn program reaching blessings. The focus of this research is to find out how the production process is carried out from pre-production to post-production carried out by Munzalan TV. The approach used in this study is to use a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. In collecting data, researchers use several techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The research was carried out at the mosque of the munzalan ship indinesia Road. Sungai Raya in Gg. Imaduddin, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results of this study are to describe how the production process includes pre-production, production and post-production carried out by Munzalan TV On the dawn program to achieve blessings. In general, the results of this study show that the production process carried out by Munzalan TV uses three stages, the first pre-production at this stage the first is syuro, then prepare room control, prepare production equipment at this stage the image director must set the exposure segitigs, then prepare the sound, the next stage of production, at the time of production carried out is to prepare Youtube straming using sofwara vMix, then for the production image director no longer do the camera settings have stayed in one direction only, then the sound control that is carried out by the mosque takmir and connects to the soundcar which is the responsibility of the stramer and for the stylist cahata control there is no lightingman because hanaya uses mosque lighting, at the time of production also do records that are part of post-production, In the post-production stage, what is done is editing and airing.

The addition of pectin to food products is important because this natural polysaccharide plays a key role in improving the quality and stability of the product, it allows for high-quality preservation of products that have a long shelf life, which is important for the health and wellbeing of consumers. The purpose of the study is to investigate the main raw materials of plant origin for the synthesis of pectin, which can be used as a promising raw material for food industry enterprises in Ukraine. The study was carried out using various methods of analysis, a thorough comparative analysis of papers by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, which are published in the scientometric databases Scopus, Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports, Scimago Journal & Country Rank, and Google Scholar. Based on the results of analytical studies, the main raw materials used for the production of pectin and pectin-containing pastes were analysed, and the main problems of the production process were identified. It has been found that adding pectin to food products can have a significant number of benefits: increasing the viscosity of the product, which is useful for creating a thick texture of the product; increasing the resistance of the product to heat treatment, reducing the risk of product separation or quality degradation; increasing functionality; introducing it into products can help improve the consistency and appearance of the product, add taste and color properties, and reduce the amount of sugar that must be added to the product to ensure viscosity and taste. It is established that the main raw material for the production of pectin in Ukraine is apple fruits. It is proven that pectin can be obtained from other fruits, berries, and vegetables, such as gooseberries, currants, cherries, pumpkins, etc. The intensification of the pectin production process should provide the population with a high-quality product that will prevent various types of intoxication by removing radionuclides from the body and contribute to the recovery of people in the post-war period. The practical significance of this study lies in the ability to help manufacturers find optimal sources of raw materials with a high pectin content to ensure the quality of the final product. In addition, this study will also facilitate the development of appropriate technological solutions for the optimal process of producing pectin from the selected raw materials

In this work, we focus on the following research question: "Could fake news extracted on Google be helpful in explaining the production and supply process in the food sector of the US economy?" In order to tackle this research question, we trace the supply chain of the US food sector based on Input–Output (IO) mapping. In fact, IO analysis is an essential tool for engineers, managers and decision makers across the globe, due to its direct link with the supply chain framework. The whole supply chain is perfectly captured based on the IO model. In this context, the paper studies the possibility of the production and supply processes being influenced by fakes news, captured by key phrases of Google searches, such as "collapse + US economy". In this work, we incorporate fake news on the production process and estimate, using a suitably adjusted version of the traditional ARDL model augmented with Neural Network terms, their impact on the production process of the US food sector. We conclude that searches for fake news referring to the collapse of the US economy, could lead to significant improvement in the explanatory capability of the production process in the US food sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the present work, a thorough research and study was carried out to determine the conditions prevailing in the creation and operation of fur farms in Greece, which are bred exclusively in the region of Western Macedonia in the northwestern part of Greece. In particular, all the parameters that affect the efficiency of breeding units were analyzed, the appropriate answers to the problems and weaknesses of the breeding of fur-bearing animals were evaluated and given. Methods: The paper mainly deals with the applied practices and the situation prevailing in the field, from a technical, social and economic point of view and explored the development perspectives through proposed strategies, which are based on findings, literature, theoretical analyzes, statistical analyzes and primary sources from direct personal contacts. For the analysis of data of the fur industry, PESTLE and SWOT method of analyses applied. Result: The general conclusion that emerges from the whole effort is a dynamic development of the fur-bearing sector since everything points in this direction and this development will significantly contribute to the improvement of the living standard of the inhabitants of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to verify the A3 tools in terms of its use for various production problems. Design/methodology/approach: There is still little research on A3, so further research in this area is essential. Therefore, any additional research in this area is necessary. The research methodology results from the principles of using the A3 tool in enterprises. The A3 tool was used for various problems of the surveyed enterprises. One problem in the form of a case study is also shown: description of the problem related to the production process and the A3 tool was used. Findings: The use of A3 tools in the direct contact production process was presented and evaluated six A3 reports that were carried out in three production companies over a period of 1.5 years. The findings are as follows: 50% of reports were successfully closed, objectives met and all actions performed on time. 33% of the reports showed moderate effectiveness, i.e. one of the criteria was not met. 17% are low-performing reports. Research limitations/implications: More research into and refinement of the A3 tool is being considered in future research directions. Practical implications: The presented results have an impact on enterprises. They allow for more holistic management and dealing with complex problems. Work is more standardized. Originality/value: The value of the work is the assessment of the effectiveness of the A3 tool based on four criteria. The indicated and effectiveness assessment criteria also allow for a structured process of educating company employees in solving problems. The article shows the economic and business dimensions of the conducted research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications (JASA) is the property of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with an assessment of the effectiveness of resource management in production processes. A comprehensive and standardized approach to the issue of effectiveness contributes to the maximization of the potential of production resources. In this paper, the concept of effectiveness was used in the sense of the praxeological approach, and its components were distinguished by availability, performance and quality, which were assessed through the prism of losses occurring in production processes. The main purpose of this work was to develop a method for assessing the effectiveness of the use of available resources when implementing production processes. The method is based on a set of quantitative indicators and takes into account the categorization of production losses. Losses in availability, performance and quality in terms of areas of production, logistics, and maintenance, as well as organization and management, were identified. It was developed in response to the research gap identified in the literature review, which showed that there is a lack of a quantitative method for assessing the effectiveness of production processes. The method also takes into account the categorization of production losses, and at the same time allows the contribution of the main areas (production and production-related) with regard to the generation of these losses. The method is primarily intended to identify the causes of problems occurring in any production process, to determine their importance in a measurable way, and to monitor the course of processes after introducing changes of a different nature. The method was verified on a real example in a branch of an automotive industry company located in Lower Silesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimensional analysis is a tool used to understand and analyze various problems in engineering. This analysis is useful for calculating dimensionless parameters and gives an answer as to which group of parameters affects the problem. Dimensional analysis can be represented using Buckingham's p-theorem. This paper provides an overview of the literature on the application of dimensional analysis and Buckingham's p theorem for various processing processes. The review period is observed in the period from 2007 until today. The main focus remains of the production process, performance and parameters of process, dimension and years of publication. Review work in this area aims to provide ready-made information in one place that can be very useful to future researchers in this direction of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Penelitian Terapan (JPMPT) is the property of Greenation Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to optimize the production process of graphics card assembly in an unnamed company. For the optimization of the production process, we will use the Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software from Siemens. The first and most important step to optimize the manufacturing process is to analyse the current process so that we can pinpoint where bottlenecks or downtime is occurring. For this reason, the first simulation is dedicated to the current production process. In the second simulation, we have successfully implemented all the proposed changes within the upgraded manufacturing process. These changes included replacing the human workforce with two robots in the tenth stage, which involves the assembly of large components. The implementation of the upgraded process allows 44 graphics cards to be assembled in one hour, an increase of 15 graphics cards compared to the current process. In an eight-hour shift, 353 graphics cards can be assembled, which is 118 graphics cards more than the current production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the economic and production essence of information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as their importance for the development of digital industrial production. The main digital technologies are Big Data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, robotics, and new technologies of virtual and augmented realities. The implementation of algorithms and software for the verification of large programs for cloud applications is among the key areas of research and development in the field of ICT. The need to create neoclusters for innovative industrial development is noted, as neoclustering is the process of organizing and operating clusters based on digital information and communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintenance has a key impact on the efficiency of the production processes because the efficiency of the machines determines the ability of the system to produce in accordance with the assumed schedule. The key element of the system performance assessment remains the availability of technological equipment, which directly translates into the efficiency and effectiveness of the performed production tasks. Taking into account the dynamic nature of manufacturing processes, the proper selection of machinery and equipment for the implementation of specific production tasks becomes an issue of particular importance. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of technical and non-technical factors on the material selection of machine tools for production tasks and to develop a method of supporting the selection of production resources using the AHP and Fuzzy AHP methods. The research was carried out in a manufacturing company from the automotive industry.

D-mannose is the C-2 epimer of D-glucose. The production methods of D-mannose include plant extraction, chemical synthesis, and biotransformation. In particular, the biotransformation method has received more and more attention. D-mannose has been found to have a variety of important physiological functions. On the one hand, D-mannose can protect the urinary system by preventing bacteria from adhering to the urothelium. On the other hand, D-mannose can interfere with glucose metabolism, transport and modified anti-cancer drug carriers play an anti-tumor effect. In addition, D-Mannose can regulate the immune system by enhancing the transformation of naive T cells into regulatory T cells (Treg cells). In the future, the physiological functions of D-mannose need to be further confirmed by more research data, in order to provide support for the application of D-mannose in functional foods and biomedicine. This review introduces the recent progress of studies on the production technology, metabolic pathways, physiological functions and application of D-mannose.

Currently, the manufacturing management board applies technologies in line with the concept of Industry 4.0. Cyber-physical production systems (CPSs) mean integrating computational processes with the corresponding physical ones, i.e., allowing work at the operational level and at the strategic level to run side by side. This paper proposes a framework to collect data and information from a production process, namely, the burnishing one, in order to monitor real-time deviations from the correct course of the process and thus reduce the number of defective products within the manufacturing process. The proposed new solutions consist of (i) the data and information of the production process, acquired from sensors, (ii) a predictive model, based on the Hellwig method for errors in the production process, relying on indications of a machine status, and (iii) an information layer system, integrating the process data acquired in real time with the model for predicting errors within the production process in an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, that is, the business intelligence module. The possibilities of using the results of research in managerial practice are demonstrated through the application of an actual burnishing process. This new framework can be treated as a solution which will help managers to monitor the production flow and respond, in real time, to interruptions.

Objective: To develop a business plan aimed to create a processing plant in Delicias, Chihuahua, considering that local farmers obtain a low price for their sweet potato harvest, although the cultivation of this tubercle in the state has increased in recent years. Design/Methodology/Approach: A market study was carried out in three municipalities. The Malhotra methodology was used to determine market segmentation, while the FIRCO guide was employed to analyze financial indicators. Results: The market study showed that 77% of the sampled population consumes the tubercle in question. Out of this percentage, 85% is willing to consume the products offered by the company, particularly jamoncillo (candy) (24%), followed by candied sweet potato (20%) and chips (18%). A 5-year projection (with a 12% update rate) establish the profitability of the net present value (NPV) of $1,610,875.34, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 79%, and benefit-cost relation (BCR) of $1.16. The initial investment is recovered with a positive flow after the third year, with a $463,079.91 Mexican pesos profit. Study Limitations/Implications: Obtaining the full amount of the initial credit for the business would be a limitation. The owners would pay the fixed and variable costs. Findings/Conclusions: The producer can establish his factory with an initial investment of $422,472 pesos, increasing his profits, adding value to the crop, and eliminating middlemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is; (1) to describe the teaching factory implementation; (2) to describe the contribution of the teaching factory to practical learning; (3) to describe the contribution of the teaching factory to the production process; (4) to describe the contribution of teaching factory on vocational school quality. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research was done in SMK Muhammadiyah1 Sukoharjo, and the research subject is the headmaster, teachers, and students. The data collection technique is taken by observation, interview, and documentation with qualitative analysis data followed by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The result of the research shows that; (1) teaching factory implementation runs well and the teaching factory in the school is more modern and it has become the technopark as a reference of other vocational schools' teaching factory; (2) teaching factory learning contributes significantly on practical learning; (3) teaching factory learning contributes production process; (4) and teaching factory learning contributes vocational school quality in SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sukoharjo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of pectin to food products is important because this natural polysaccharide plays a key role in improving the quality and stability of the product, it allows for high-quality preservation of products that have a long shelf life, which is important for the health and well- being of consumers. The purpose of the study is to investigate the main raw materials of plant origin for the synthesis of pectin, which can be used as a promising raw material for food industry enterprises in Ukraine. The study was carried out using various methods of analysis, a thorough comparative analysis of papers by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, which are published in the scientometric databases Scopus, Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports, Scimago Journal & Country Rank, and Google Scholar. Based on the results of analytical studies, the main raw materials used for the production of pectin and pectin-containing pastes were analysed, and the main problems of the production process were identified. It has been found that adding pectin to food products can have a significant number of benefits: increasing the viscosity of the product, which is useful for creating a thick texture of the product; increasing the resistance of the product to heat treatment, reducing the risk of product separation or quality degradation; increasing functionality; introducing it into products can help improve the consistency and appearance of the product, add taste and color properties, and reduce the amount of sugar that must be added to the product to ensure viscosity and taste. It is established that the main raw material for the production of pectin in Ukraine is apple fruits. It is proven that pectin can be obtained from other fruits, berries, and vegetables, such as gooseberries, currants, cherries, pumpkins, etc. The intensification of the pectin production process should provide the population with a high-quality product that will prevent various types of intoxication by removing radionuclides from the body and contribute to the recovery of people in the post-war period. The practical significance of this study lies in the ability to help manufacturers find optimal sources of raw materials with a high pectin content to ensure the quality of the final product. In addition, this study will also facilitate the development of appropriate technological solutions for the optimal process of producing pectin from the selected raw materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ingestion of microplastic particles (MP) through food has been associated with a multitude of health problems in humans. Although ayran is a traditional and nutritious Turkish beverage, the impact of microplastic pollution is unknown. This study examined the incidence of microplastic pollution on ayran by collecting samples throughout the production processes and the ingredients used to make ayran, including water, salt, cream, starting culture, cups, and lastly, the ayran. Optical and scanning electron microscope was applied for MP visualisation and measurement, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for polymer identification. Microplastics were detected in all examined filters except for the starter culture samples. The samples with the highest MP number were salty water (43 MP number/100 mL), salt (33 MP number/100 g), and milk samples taken from homogenization and pasteurization phases (26 MP number/100 mL). Additionally, 18 MP number/100 mL contamination was detected in the last product ayran. MP with a size range of 1-150 µm prevailed (37.38%). Ethylene propylene was the most frequently identified polymer in samples (39.30%). The findings of this study can help provide an overview of microplastic contamination in dairy production facilities and the potential human health risks associated with this microplastic exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we utilized digital twin technology in combination with genetic algorithms to optimize human–robot cooperation in a miniature light bulb assembly production line. First, the digital twin was used to find the robot's motion trajectory; a digital replica of the assembly system and human was created by combining sensors that track the position and activity characteristics of the human in the workspace, which helped to prevent human–robot conflicts. Then, a multi-adaptive genetic algorithm was applied to calculate optimal ergonomics and create a worker's movement schedule. To ensure continuous operation and no shortage of materials, the worker must observe and move to the input conveyor and material pallets to supply materials to the system. It aimed to provide more input materials for the assembly line while allowing the worker's task to take place in parallel with the robotic assembly operation. The algorithm was designed to reduce the number of moves required to obtain materials and to ensure that the robot always had enough materials to assemble along the defined trajectory, thus, saving labor and optimizing the manufacturing process. The combination of a digital twin and multi-adaptive genetic algorithm optimized the robot's movement path and the number of movements performed by the human operator in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a survey mode of inquiry, involving informants from 19 global manufacturing companies in six sectors of the process industries, this study explores the intrinsic nature of product innovation of non-assembled products. Results show that the characteristics of the "transformation-based" production system in the process industries should not only govern the design of the total product innovation work process and the selection and use of related experimental environment but will also influence the design of the forthcoming production system. It is noted that pilot-planting and full-scale production trials are important instruments not only during the product development phase, but also afterward in solving B2B customers' post-launch production problems. It is concluded that the experimental output from the product development phase of the product innovation work process for non-assembled products is both a new product design and a new foundation for the production process design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of cooked ham has been gaining popularity in recent years in Spain. In general, the production process carried out by the companies remains traditional, and different production methods are therefore being sought to innovate and improve the quality of the product. This is either through pig crossbreeding, varying additives and ingredients, improving some stages of the production process, or providing nutritional and health claims that are useful to guiding the purchasing decision of consumers. Obviously, this series of changes must be subject to Spanish and European regulations in order to be marketed inside and outside the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of sauerkraut produced at home and in factories in Chaozhou. The differences in bacterial community structure among different sauerkraut samples were studied by diversity analysis and heat map analysis, and the dominant bacterial genera were analyzed. The results showed that 54 phyla and 622 genera were identified from 10 Chaozhou sauerkraut samples. The bacterial community structures of Chaozhou sauerkraut produced by five factories were similar, and the dominant bacterial genera were the same, which were Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella. The dominant genus in the sauerkraut samples produced by three families was similar to that in samples produced by the factories. However, the samples from two other families were quite different, and there may be environmental pollution. The samples may also contain possible pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas and Vibrio. Overall, there were still some differences in the bacterial community structure of Chaozhou sauerkraut factory-produced and household-handmade samples. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to compare the bacterial diversity of homemade and factory-produced Chaozhou sauerkraut, laying the foundation for further research on Chaozhou sauerkraut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing carbon emission and raising efficient production are the important goals of modern enterprise production process. The same product can be produced by a variety of equipment, and the carbon emissions and processing time of different equipment vary greatly. Choosing suitable production equipment is an important method for manufacturing enterprises to achieve the efficient emission reduction of production process. However, the traditional production equipment selection mode only gives qualitative results, and it is difficult to provide effective advice for enterprises to choose suitable equipment under the needs of carbon neutrality. To solve this problem, this paper systematically analyzes carbon emission and the time of the turning production process, and a unified calculation model for carbon emission and efficient production of multi-type processing equipment is established. The important point of the article is to research the diversity among between carbon emissions and efficiency levels of the same product produced by different devices. The carbon emissions and efficiency levels of different kinds of equipment can be calculated by the BAS algorithm. By turning a shaft part as an example, the results show that this method can calculate the optimal value of carbon emissions and efficiency of the same product produced by different equipment and can provide suggestions for enterprises to select appropriate equipment for low-carbon and efficient production. This paper provides a reference for further research on the quantitative calculation model for the selection of high-efficiency and low-carbon production equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the arguments surrounding the scientific discussion of the cement production process at a selected company in Slovakia. (1) The main goal of this article is to evaluate the quality of the cement production process with the intention of increasing the performance and quality of the process and the quality of the cement in various assortments. The object of this research was a selected company in Slovakia which focuses on cement production. (2) The methods of research were focused on using statistical, economic, and financial analyses and instruments of quality management, such as the Ishikawa diagram, regression diagram, correlation, and box plot diagram. The relevance of the decision of this scientific research relating to the innovation of the cement production process focused on Industry 4.0 requirements. (3) This paper presents the results of the clinker CaOF content and LS and their quality. These components are used for cement products and are responsible for the quality of cement. This paper obtained a view of barriers in the cement production process, the most important of which are the people involved and their qualifications. (4) These barriers were minimalized and indicated significant improvements in the quality of entry components in the clinker. We suggest reducing CEM III and replacing CEM I-R, which brings higher profit to the company. These results can be instruments or recommendations for other companies utilizing the cement production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the use of manufacturing process simulation as a verification tool. Simulation proves to be a valuable tool for testing and evaluating production processes and their effectiveness in a controlled virtual environment. The authors discuss the advantages that simulation brings, such as the identification of defects, the optimization of production parameters, and the prevention of problems even before the start of the real production process. The use of simulation of the production process enables the acquisition of valuable knowledge about the influence of various factors on the final product quality, the optimization of production procedures, and the minimization of the risk of errors. The authors emphasize that the simulation provides accurate information that helps in the decision-making process and allows the prediction of possible problems and their solutions before they arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plant molecular farming (PMF) has been promoted since the 1990s as a rapid, cost-effective and (most of all) safe alternative to the cultivation of bacteria or animal cells for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. Numerous plant species have been investigated for the production of a broad range of protein-based drug candidates. The inherent safety of these products is frequently highlighted as an advantage of PMF because plant viruses do not replicate in humans and vice versa. However, a more nuanced analysis of this principle is required when considering other pathogens because toxic compounds pose a risk even in the absence of replication. Similarly, it is necessary to assess the risks associated with the host system (e.g., the presence of toxic secondary metabolites) and the production approach (e.g., transient expression based on bacterial infiltration substantially increases the endotoxin load). This review considers the most relevant host systems in terms of their toxicity profile, including the presence of secondary metabolites, and the risks arising from the persistence of these substances after downstream processing and product purification. Similarly, we discuss a range of plant pathogens and disease vectors that can influence product safety, for example, due to the release of toxins. The ability of downstream unit operations to remove contaminants and process-related toxic impurities such as endotoxins is also addressed. This overview of plant-based production, focusing on product safety aspects, provides recommendations that will allow stakeholders to choose the most appropriate strategies for process development.