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The article is devoted to highlighting the results of research aimed at improving existing approaches to conducting a comprehensive analysis of the nature of the relationships between the parameters of the state's monetary and debt policy. Among other things, such indicators as the size of the domestic public debt, the size of international reserves, the level of inflation, the exchange rate and the discount rate are taken into account. The proposed approach to the analysis of the influence of managed monetary indicators on the size of the internal state debt proved that the use of the ARDL model gives slightly better results than the VECM in terms of the adequacy of the description and forecasting of the studied process. At the same time, both models proved their ability to describe the change in the size of the internal state debt, and have high values of coefficients of determination and low values of the indicator of the average absolute percentage error. In the future, it is recommended to use it for the analysis of the causality of the influence, discriminant analysis and the expediency of changing monetary instruments independently of other instruments. On the basis of the developed models, the results were obtained, which allow us to draw conclusions that the system continues to remain stable after fluctuations of key factors capable of destabilizing it and will be able to return to its previous state after a shock for some time. This is confirmed by the fact that, on the basis of statistical tests, the existence of a long-term relationship between the investigated indicators and the impulse response function together with the decomposition of the variance of the VAR model was proved.

In this study, the effects on economic growth of financial pressure policies applied in OECD countries are examined. For this purpose, the “financial pressure index (FPI)” was calculated by using 10- year data for 2010–2020 from 37 OECD countries and “growth rates” were obtained. The FPI was calculated using (i) loans extended to the pri¬vate sector, (ii) loans extended to the central government, (iii) interest payments and (iv) inflation rate data. In calculating FPI, first of all, the data was standardized. Following the standardization process, the data was weighted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to calculate the FPI. After weighting the data, each standardized value was aggregated by multiplying it by its own weighted value, and the final FPI was ultimately calculated. Economic growth rates were calculated as a percentage of GDP. Finally, the analysis was carried out by comparing the calculated FPI with the economic growth rates. According to the results of the analysis, the coefficient of FPI was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In this context, every 1-point increase in FPI reduced GDP by 0.178 points. First published online 17 September 2024

The aim of the research is to illustrate how the degree of effectiveness of fiscal policy measures varies depending on the level of public debt within a group of Central and Eastern European (CEE) states. To this end, a T-SVAR (Threshold Structural Vector Autoregressive) model was implemented, based on two regimes, calibrated as a function of the evolution of public debt. The results illustrate that, in most of the countries analysed, increasing government expenditure generates a stronger increase in economic growth under the low public debt regime in comparison with the situation at the level of the high public debt regime. Thus, the effectiveness of fiscal policy measures declines as the level of government debt rises. Another result obtained within the analysis highlights that the positive effect of public debt reduction on economic growth is more strongly felt in the higher public debt regime than under a low public debt regime. On the basis of these results, it is recommended that the CEE countries continue their efforts to reduce public debt in order to increase the effectiveness of fiscal policy measures.

The article is devoted to the changes in the fiscal and financial situation of Russian regions in 2020–2022. During this period, the regions faced a new challenge in the form of a pandemic. The author gives a quantitative assessment of the changes that have occurred, analyzes the features of support measures and the regional policy being implemented. The article examines changes in the parameters of regional budget revenues, budget deficits and debt burden. In addition, the author identifies a group of regions with maximum changes in per capita budget revenues and the factors that caused these changes. The author pays special attention to measures in the field of debt policy, methodology for equalization grant allocation, as well as demographic characteristics affecting regional expenditures. The article presents proposals for possible further improvement of the system of interbudgetary fiscal relations, including approaches to the provision of unconditional gap-filling financial support.

In the context of increasing globalization, income inequality is one severe problem in several countries because it widens the income gap between the rich and the poor, which leads to social instability. Narrowing this gap has become one of the main agendas in many developing countries to satisfy the millennium goals proposed by the United Nations. Meanwhile, government expenditure is one crucial fiscal instrument as it contributes significantly to running the economy and overcoming economic cyclicality. In particular, governance/institutional can positively adjust the public debt — income inequality relationship in developing economies. The purpose of the study to identify the impact of institutional quality, public debt and their interaction on income inequality on a balanced data panel of 34 developing economies for the period 2002–2020. For monitoring endogenous problems and serial autocorrelation in empirical equations, two-step and one-step system GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) assessments are used. The results from the study show that public debt and the quality of institutions increase income inequality, but their interaction narrows it. These results seem to be counter-intuitive. Besides, education enhances income inequality in these economies. The results of the study provide some policy recommendations for reducing the inequalities in society through public debt and the quality of institutions in developing economies. Accordingly, governments in developing economies should use spending financed by public debt to support low-income individuals through social transfers throughout economic development. Importantly, they should spend more on education and health to help the poor improve their skills and knowledge, narrowing the income difference between the rich and the poor. In particular, they should be prudent in controlling and managing public debt to avoid a public debt crisis and social instability.

According to the definition of the European Commission, public finances financial stability is the ability of a state to maintain current expenditures, conduct tax and social policy in the long term without the threat of loss of the country’s solvency to fulfill its obligations and stipulated expenditures. The subject of the study is the state of revenues and expenditures of the federal budget and budgets of the Russian constituent entities under the Western sanctions. The choice of the Ural Federal District regions (hereinafter – UFD) as the objects of the study is due to the significant share of oil and gas revenues in the federal budget revenues, the export-oriented regions place and role in the oil and gas revenues formation in the federal budget. The purpose of the study is to assess the budget system financial stability on the example of the federal budget and budgets of the Russian constituent entities, in particular, the UFD regions. The article uses generally accepted research methods, such as analysis and synthesis, generalization, grouping, tabular, etc. It has been established that the imposed sanctions have a negative impact on oil and gas revenues. Under such conditions, the budget system stability is supported by a low level of debt, especially at the federal level. The UFD export-oriented regions budget stability indicators exceed similar indicators of the Russian constituent entities budget. The budget stability risks remain the highest at the regional and local levels.

This study examined the impact of public debt on private consumption in 26 European Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries from 2011 to 2020. Analyzing data from OECD, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund reports, we employed various statistical methods, including correlation analysis, linear regression, fixed effect, random effect, and the Generalized Method of Moments model via the Arellano-Bond estimation approach. Our findings indicated that public debt, foreign direct investments, inflation, and gross domestic product (GDP) growth positively influence private consumption, while gross fixed capital formation and exports of goods and services have a negative impact. The study underscores the need for careful consideration of the repercussions of public debt on citizens' daily lives, especially in terms of private consumption, emphasizing the crucial need for policymakers to consider the delicate balance between public debt management and sustainable economic growth in OECD countries for shaping effective economic policies that foster responsible debt management to support long-term economic development.

Financial stability appears more and more often in discussions of money and capital market analysis, the financial banking system and financial education in Eastern EU countries. The uncertainty hanging over the national economy due to the war on the eastern border, as well as the increase in the total debt of the country as a result of the state budget imbalances influenced by the increases in budget expenditures, the energy crisis, poor financial education and the increase in the inflation rate are only part of the causes. which periodically creates problems for the monetary authority regarding the financial stability of Romania. Financial stability and price stability are two sides of the same coin. We must always consider both sides. In this sense, the statistical information provided by the banking financial system has an important role in the analysis of financial stability and price stability

This study presents evidence of global and regional comovements in public debt and examines their trends and features. We employ a Bayesian dynamic factor model with time‐varying parameters based on the debt‐to‐GDP ratio of 115 countries. We find the global factor accounts for 38 percent of the total variation in the debt ratio worldwide, but its share decreases over time. Countries with more financial openness and a greater share of external public debt are more exposed to global/regional comovements. The assertion that international financial integration encourages higher government borrowing applies primarily to high‐income countries and it does not hold globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Leviathan: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft (Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the G-Fund, which is one of the five funds in the federal government employee retirement Thrift Savings Plan. The G-Fund is held as internal debt by the U.S. Department of Treasury. Our examination shows that the fund balance is exclusively composed of 1-day notes that are redeemed/reissued every business day, generating $55 trillion in annual debt reissuance. We also show that the fund balance drops substantially as resources are transferred to the general fund when the government is constrained by a debt ceiling and returns to pre-constraint levels when the ceiling is expanded/suspended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using projections from the IMF's World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, we explore the links between public debt and the private sector by estimating the response of private output to debt shocks – defined as debt forecast errors. We address several econometric issues through a flexible dynamic panel framework that accommodates slope heterogeneity of the coefficients and cross-sectional dependence. The overall results suggest that positive shocks in public debt are detrimental to the dynamics of private output. Nevertheless, the effect becomes neutral if countries have followed a pattern of fiscal consolidation over the previous five years. The estimates at individual-level are consistent with the general findings, except for a small group of countries. For instance, a positive and significant effect of debt emerges only for one advanced country and seven emerging economies. Although high levels of indebtedness are associated with a rapid decline in the debt coefficients, a nonlinear effect in the form of a Laffer-type curve appears to be unlikely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using three complementary approaches that examine the fulfilment of the intertemporal budget constraint while avoiding explosive behaviour, this study examines the stationarity and the sustainability of public finance for six industrial countries over the period spanning from 1870 to 2017. According to Fourier DF unit root tests, time-varying fiscal reaction functions and threshold reaction functions, we find that longer-run debt sustainability is not rejected for the UK, Sweden, and for the US. The evidence is somewhat equivocal for Canada, Italy and Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences is the property of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We develop an endogenous growth model with North–South interactions, monetary policy, and a multi-dimensional role for fiscal policy. To boost economic performance, the government of the less developed country subsidizes R&D and intermediate goods production. Besides, to account for the effects of excessive public debt, we introduce a negative externality on productivity and a risk premium effect. Our findings reveal that the steady-state growth rate of both economies depends positively on the subsidies in the South and negatively on the public debt’s externality on productivity and the risk premium affecting the indebted economy. Additionally, public debt externalities increase the equilibrium wage inequality, making it more significant in the South. To minimize these effects, both countries can agree to mutualize their debts to overcome the risk premium. Then, the economy’s steady-state growth rate would increase in both countries. Finally, several policy implications were retrieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, government debt has surged to unprecedented levels in most countries, including those of North Africa. In this study, we investigate the issue of public debt sustainability in four North African countries (Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia). The Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF) results show that Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia have experienced periods of explosive public debt during the studied period. The identified episodes of explosive debt behavior can be seen as periods of unsustainable fiscal policy. Moreover, the Quantile Auto-Regressive (QAR) unit root results point to strong debt sustainability at the lower quantiles for the selected countries, while at the middle and upper quantiles, public debt exhibits an unsustainable dynamic. This finding, therefore, points to weak sustainability of debt and fiscal policies in Algeria, Morocco, Libya, and Tunisia. This paper provides further evidence that fiscal policies have become more unsustainable than sustainable in recent years in these countries. Consequently, fiscal policymakers in MENA countries should not overlook the unsustainability of public debt and its various effects when developing any strategy aimed at stimulating the economy through ever larger debt levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public debt management plays a pivotal role in ensuring fiscal stability and fostering economic growth, particularly amidst unprecedented challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and energy crises. The main aim of this study is to provide accurate projections for public debt, offering valuable insights to guide sustainable debt management practices. Utilizing historical data from the Republic of Moldova spanning the period 2003-2023, the study employs the Monte Carlo simulation method to construct a fan chart. This chart presents a probability distribution of the general government debt-to-GDP ratio for the Republic of Moldova during 2023-2027. By generating multiple alternative scenarios for real GDP growth, real interest rates, and primary balances, policymakers can gain a comprehensive understanding of future debt trajectories and the potential impacts of various policy decisions. These projections are essential tools to facilitate informed decision-making and promote effective debt management strategies in the face of economic uncertainties and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Iranian Economic Development Analyses is the property of Dr. Fakhri Sadat Hosseini, the Vice President for Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article delves into Ukraine’s debt policy over the years 2013–2022, highlighting the critical condition of state debt which notably worsens during financial crises. Ukraine faced three such crises in the last decade alone, revealing that its financial system struggles to recover from these crises and stimulate economic growth. This situation underscores the necessity for reevaluating the priorities of the nation’s debt policy. The piece introduces a set of debt security indicators designed to assess the financial system’s capacity to manage its debt obligations. These indicators have been calculated and assessed against their threshold values. Amidst ongoing military aggression and constrained budget revenues, securing financing for Ukraine’s recovery and reconstruction projects becomes a paramount state policy objective. This includes financing for the state budget through foreign loans and grant aid, aimed at restoring critical infrastructure, bolstering economic and energy sectors, among others. In the reconstruction context, the article discusses the mobilization of financial resources to swiftly revive Ukraine’s economy, leveraging a balanced approach to donor support and domestic borrowing. It highlights the significance of debt policy, particularly the use of military bonds as a major revenue source, demonstrating their effectiveness in the current fiscal landscape [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study scrutinizes Ukraine’s debt security amidst internal and external challenges, including war impacts and geopolitical shifts. It dissects the escalation of national debt and its configuration, focusing on repercussions for the economy and national equilibrium. Recommendations are proposed for expediting economic growth, refining debt administration, and equilibrating the debt acquisition framework. Background: From 2009 to January 2024, Ukraine witnessed its state debt mushroom from UAH 316,884.6 million to a staggering UAH 5,154.47 billion. Notably, external liabilities constituted 64.72% of this quantum. Key Findings: The ongoing conflict and geopolitical dynamics have substantially magnified Ukraine’s debt load, casting shadows on economic steadiness and sovereign integrity. There’s an urgent call for debt administration enhancements to lighten the fiscal load and bolster sustainability. Recommendations: Propel economic advancement to boost state revenues, thus diminishing the debt-to-GDP quotient. Refine debt governance through debt portfolio restructuring and maturity prolongation. Harmonize the borrowing mix by elevating the proportion of internal debt, simultaneously diminishing external borrowing dependency. Conclusion: Upholding debt security emerges as a pivotal factor for Ukraine’s fiscal stability and national safeguarding. Through the execution of these advisories, Ukraine aims to alleviate its debt pressure, augment credit standing, and navigate towards enduring progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between public debt and economic growth in the context of a panel kink regression with latent group structures. The proposed model allows us to explore the heterogeneous threshold effects of public debt on economic growth based on unknown group patterns. We propose a least squares estimator and demonstrate the consistency of estimating group structures. The finite sample performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated by simulations. Our findings reveal that the nonlinear relationship between public debt and economic growth is characterized by a heterogeneous threshold level, which varies among different groups, and highlight that the mixed results found in previous studies may stem from the assumption of a homogeneous threshold effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the influence of government expenditure (GE) on Oman's economic growth by examining different government-spending dimensions as predictors of economic progression based on collected time-series data of Oman for 30 years. The study uses 'Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag' (ARDL) to assess the short-range and long-term effects of the dimensions on economic growth. GE, personal consumption expenditure and public debt are significant negative predictors of Oman's economic progress in the long run. However, government and private consumption expenditures (PCEs) are significantly negative in the short run. Gross domestic investment is not a significant predictor in the long run, whereas public debt is a substantial positive predictor of Oman's economic growth in the short run. The study will help policymakers recognize GE in Oman's economic progression and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the article is the presentation of a selected method for determining fiscal targeting rules. The proposed fiscal rules make it possible to achieve the intended goals. In this article, the main goal of fiscal policy was the minimisation of deviations of the general government debt-to-GDP ratio from the target value. In the proposed method for determining fiscal targeting rules, we also considered the minimalisation of deviation of the inflation rate and output gap from their target values. We present the results of the empirical analysis for Poland. Research Design & Methods: The main design was quantitative. We used the modelling method. We applied the dynamic optimisation method for determining fiscal targeting rules. The fiscal targeting rule was the solution of selected dynamic optimisation problems with an infinite time horizon and discounting. We used the minimisation problem of the intertemporal loss function. We performed empirical analysis for quarterly data from the first quarter of 2011 to the third quarter of 2022 for Poland. We used the Bellman equation and the envelope theorem. Findings: In this article, we determined the fiscal targeting rule. This rule, determined as a solution to the minimisation problem of the intertemporal loss function, allows for the calculation of optimal values of the general government debt-to-GDP ratio while also considering the minimisation of deviations of the inflation rate and the output gap from their target values. We could observe the same direction of the optimal values of the debt-to-GDP ratio in different considered cases, but there is a different shift along the axis of ordinates. We could observe that reducing debt during good economic times allows for achieving an acceptable level of the debt-to-GDP ratio during a crisis. Implications & Recommendations: To minimise the intertemporal loss function, a portion of the financial resources accumulated during non-exceptional periods should be utilised during crises and shock events. Considering other variables such as inflation and the output gap when deciding on the value of the debt-to-GDP ratio, we noted that the fiscal convergence criterion for debt was not always fulfilled. Contribution & Value Added: In this article, we present a method of determining fiscal rules not only considering the general government debt-to-GDP ratio, but also considering such variables as the inflation rate and the output gap, as well as other variables such as general government balance to GDP ratio and the monetary policy instrument - the interest rate. The novelty of the article is also the determination of the fiscal targeting rule as a solution to the minimisation problem of intertemporal loss function. Thus, they make it possible to determine the optimal general government debt-to-GDP ratio, considering also the minimisation of deviations from the inflation rate and the output gap from their target values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically analyzes the impact of public debt and cashless transactions on inflation in emerging market economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research question is primarily motivated by the extensive fiscal spending and cashless transactions in these economies during the pandemic and the inflation spike in the mid of 2021. We use monthly data from 10 sample emerging market economies and panel vector auto-regressive models for analysis. Our findings show that (1) public debt has a positive impact on the inflation rate in the EMEs, and (2) cashless transaction exhibits a positive effect on overall inflation. (3) Further, cashless transactions and public debt are found to have a positive and significant impact on inflation in specific sectors such as Clothes and Footwear, Energy, and Transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the triangular relationship between public debt, economic growth, and political risks, shedding light on the complex underlying dynamics of these factors. Using a Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model, we analyze this relationship from multiple angles across 117 countries. The study considers the impact of different political regimes and income levels, recognizing the importance of diverse economic and political contexts in shaping these interactions. The results reveal varied responses to public debt based on the political regime, highlighting that authoritarian systems, imperfect democracies, and full democracies exhibit distinct reactions. Additionally, the study underscores the influence of income levels on the relationship between public debt and economic growth. A balanced and comprehensive approach to public debt management is recommended, with an emphasis on political stability, transparency in political institutions, and economic diversification. Policymakers are advised to consider the duration of shocks to promote sustainable economic growth and fiscal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proves a number of the author's hypotheses about inflation in the United States: unexpected jumps in inflation are required to reduce the budget deficit and public debt to inflated GDP; these jumps and their fading are caused by greater amplitude of commodity prices; the key leading indicator of inflation is the level and plans to increase the federal minimum wage (FMW), as a reflection of the indexation of budget expenditures; there are usually two inflation spikes, with an intermediate fading to lower inflation expectations. These indicators are studied through data analysis since 1946, as well as a formalized logical-statistical model, similar to fundamental and technical analysis of financial markets. The next jump in US consumer prices is projected for 2025–2027 in the level of inflation in 2021–2022, which will require an increase in commodity prices, important for the Russian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid‐19 triggered a wave of lockdowns across the world, contributing to a severe downturn in economic activity. Governments responded by introducing expansionary fiscal and monetary measures. We compare the health and economic outcomes in Sweden, commonly viewed as an outlier relying more on recommendations and voluntary adjustments than on strict lockdowns, with those of comparable European OECD countries. Our results suggest that the Swedish policy of advice and trust in the population to reduce social interactions voluntarily was relatively successful. Sweden combined low excess death rates with relatively small economic costs. In future pandemics, policymakers should rely on empirical evidence rather than panicking and adopting extreme measures. Even if policymakers appeared to act rapidly and decisively, the rushed implementation of strict lockdowns in 2020/21 probably did more harm than good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The devastating effects of the financial and economic recessions within the last two decades have led researchers to question whether there is a connection between the public and private financial sectors that contributes to the rapid propagation of crisis. We analyze the fractional cointegrating structure between the private and public debt-to-GDP ratios for 17 European countries to examine the relevance of this relationship as an amplification channel of shocks. On the one hand, the univariate fractional integration approach reveals that shocks have permanent effects on financial variables in all the countries considered. On the other hand, we find that the number of countries for which private and public debt are cointegrated increase after the Great Recession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Discussion Papers is the property of Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, there has been a proliferation of research analyzing the role of women in public management. This study contributes to this line of research by examining the influence women have on municipal public debt. To this aim, we use a sample of 141 Spanish municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants for the period 2008–2020. The empirical results suggest that municipalities that are leaded by a female mayor tend to show lower levels of public debt. In addition, empirical results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the proportion of female councilors and the level of public debt. This means that the higher the proportion of female councilors, the lower the level of indebtedness, but this positive effect appears only if the number of female councilors is relatively high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Main Objectives: This paper explores the nonlinear effect of economic growth on the accumulation of public debt for groups of countries, based on their income levels, by finding its threshold estimator. Background Problems: The existing literature has discussed the debt's effect on growth intensively. Thus, empirical analysis to observe the inverse relationship between both variables is needed. Novelty: This paper confirms the negative and nonlinear impact of economic growth on public debt, and finds the threshold levels of economic growth on debt in high-income countries (HIC) and low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Research Methods: We employed OLS panel regression with data covering 62 countries from 1970 to 2015. The fixed-effect panel threshold model is used to estimate the threshold level of economic growth that affects debt accumulation. Finding/Results: We found that economic growth reduces the public debt in the long run. In HIC, we find two threshold levels of economic growth, at 2.92% and at 8.41%. Moreover, in LMIC, a single threshold is found at 11.61%. Conclusion: It is proven that maintaining robust economic growth could reduce debt accumulation in the long run, the magnitude of the impacts varies between HIC and LMIC.

This study explores the growth effect of public debt on the growth of agricultural and nonagricultural sectors as well as the aggregate economy. This investigation is imperative because the rising public debt in Nigeria may not have uniform implication on growth across sectors and the economy at large. The data for the analysis was sourced from the World Bank (WB), World Development indicators (WDI) covering the period of 1980 to 2021. The results using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) show that public debt, exports, and inflation have a statistically significant negative effect on growth in Nigeria while population growth has a significant positive effect on growth in Nigeria. However, the relationship between imports and GDP in Nigeria is not statistically significant. The result also shows that public debt exerts a significant negative effect on agricultural and industrial growth, while its effect on services growth is not significant. The study submitted that public debt exerts a significant adverse effect on growth in Nigeria. However, when looking at the sector-specific effect, the effect of public debt remains significant and negative for both agricultural and industrial sectors implying that higher levels of public debt are associated with lower growth in these two sector while in the services sector public debt does not show a significant effect. The study recommended the need to implement strong fiscal discipline and progressive tax system rather than borrowing to reduce public debt significantly and promote sectoral development.

The purpose of the study was to assess the adaptability of the global financial system to the crisis phenomena observed in recent years in the world economy. In particular, the key financial risks of the development of the global economy and the opportunities for their neutralization were identified, the role and possibilities of monetary policy in overcoming the current unprecedented inflation were shown, and the possibilities of transition to sustainable growth based on curbing inflation on short-, mediumand long-term trends were identified. development of the world economy. A special role in our study was played by the substantiation and development of mechanisms for the rational management of public debt, which plays a fundamental role for a fair recovery of the world economy.

This paper presents an analytical overview of the effects of inflation on government revenues, expenditure and fiscal positions. Evidence for a range of countries from the current inflation episode and that of the 1980s is compared and contrasted. The key finding is that high inflation initially boosts tax revenues and improves fiscal positions, but expenditure quickly catches up and offsets this improvement. The short-term boost is partly due to structural changes that have made modern tax systems more elastic with respect to inflation. The medium-turn deterioration reflects a shift toward spending items more responsive to inflation. The key risk is that the impression of abundant tax revenues will lead to spending programmes or tax cuts that damage public finances in the long term. As research on inflation and public finances has been dormant since the 1980s, this analysis fills a gap in our understanding of the fiscal consequences of inflation.

Ten years after the establishment of the Autonomous Liquidity Fund (FLA) as an additional financing mechanism through which the State tried to ensure the financial viability of the autonomous communities, numerous criticisms continue to be raised regarding the damage caused to the principle of financial autonomy not only by the rigid fiscal and financial conditionality imposed on sub-central entities, but also by the strict supervision and control carried out by the State. This paper attempts to provide a critical analysis of the operation and consequences of this instrument to support the liquidity of the autonomous communities, assessing the results obtained and formulating a series of reflections that, with a prospective vision, help to resolve the pending problematic issues, with special reference to whether or not the FLA should survive, as well as the management of the enormous debt accumulated by the autonomous communities.

Budgetary and tax policy is designed to ensure sustainable development of the Russian economy on the basis of modernization, to improve the living standards of the population by reducing social inequality, and to adapt the budget system to modern realities. The sanctions imposed by the European Union and the United States of America against Russia affect not only the production sphere, but also economy as a whole. The decline in oil prices, ruble devaluation, and outflow of foreign capital eventually lead to budget deficit. In these conditions, budgetary and tax policy remains one of the most important instruments of the economic policy pursued by the state. Increasing tax system efficiency becomes a priority. The objectives of the study include establishing budgetary and tax system effectiveness in forming budget revenues of different levels, including administrative centers (capitals of republics, regional centers). The article uses analysis and synthesis, generalization, grouping, dynamics, comparison, tabular method, and data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, and the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. It has been established that the existing budget and tax policy does not provide regional and local budgets with necessary financial resources as they are dominated by inter-budget transfers that cover only their deficit and do not ensure economic growth. All this predetermines the need to redistribute tax revenues in favor of regional and local budgets that will weaken the share of inter-budget transfers in these budgets.