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The article presents results of the overpass condition survey, technical survey, static tests and assessment of the structure operational reliability, a double-decker overpass on Almaty-Kapshagai highway section in Kazakhstan.

The article presents results of the overpass condition survey, technical survey, static tests and assessment of the structure operational reliability, a doubledecker overpass on Almaty-Kapshagai highway section in Kazakhstan. Technical survey determined the dimensions of the overpass, the camber of reinforced concrete superstructures main beams and checked the values of the overpass roadway actual transverse and longitudinal slopes. The calculation and analytical assessment of the overpass load-bearing structures, for the strength of the bending moment, are performed. Static tests of the overpass split beam superstructure of a length of 33.0 m were conducted. Trucks loaded with ballast were accepted as a test load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the effect of increasing the frequency of observations and data span on the Johansen (J Econ Dyn Control 12(2–3):231–254, 1988; Likelihood-based inference in cointegrated vector autoregressive models, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995) maximum likelihood cointegration testing approach, as well as on the bootstrap and wild bootstrap implementations of the method developed by Cavaliere et al. (Econometrica 80(4):1721–1740, 2012; Econ Rev 33(5–6):606– 650, 2014). Considering systems with three and four variables, we find that when both the data span and the frequency vary, the power of the tests depend more on the sample length. We illustrate our findings by investigating th existence of long-run equilibrium relationships among four indicators prices of coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Technology Natural Science Edition is the property of Henan University of Technology Journal Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Fuzhou University is the property of Journal of Fuzhou University, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The continuous girder bridge is the main type of small- and medium-sized bridges; however, it has poor collapse resistance and suffers frequent earthquake damage. In order to grasp its collapse mechanism and clarify the internal and external factors affecting its collapse resistance, a 1:3-scaled, two-span bridge model subjected to shaking table test research was taken as the research object. The factors such as seismic characteristics, multi-directional seismic coupling, span, pier height, and structural system type were analyzed to determine the influences on the collapse mode of the bridge. The numerical results showed that different ground motion characteristics led to different collapse modes. Vertical ground motion had little effect on the structural response of the bridge. The change of span and pier height significantly changed the collapse resistance. A seismic isolation design could improve the anti-collapse performance, but the collapse mode varied with the system. The final anti-collapse design suggestions could provide reference for the seismic reinforcement of existing continuous girder bridges and the seismic design of continuous girder bridges that will be constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V (G) , E (G)) be a simple connected graph. For any two distinct vertices u and v , d (u , v) represents the distance between u and v. Suppose k be any positive integer with 1 ⩽ k ⩽ diam (G) , where the diam (G) represents the diameter of G. A radio k-labeling of G is a mapping f : V (G) → { 0 , 1 , 2 , ... } such that | f (u) − f (v) | ⩾ k + 1 − d (u , v) for each pair of distinct vertices u and v of G. The absolute difference of the largest and smallest values in f (V (G)) is termed as the span of f , and is denoted by span (f). The antipodal number is the minimum span of a radio (diam (G) − 1) -labeling of G and the radio number is the minimum span of a radio diam (G) -labeling of G. In this article we determine the antipodal number of the m -ary tree for any m ≥ 3 with any height h ≥ 3 and construct explicitly an optimal antipodal labeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new combination of previously established molecular-thermodynamic methods was offered in conjunction with the Cubic Plus Association (CPA) equation of state (EoS) for the assessment of the second critical micelle concentration (SCMC), and curvature parameters in aqueous solutions of non-ionic surfactants encompassing Tween 80, Tween 60, Span 80, and Span 60. This combination will yield a quantifiable examination that adheres to creating the micelles resembling worms, enabling the optimization of critical curvature parameters, as well as the prediction of the SCMC. This previously well-known model is reliant upon theoretical components, including chain conformation, headgroup-steric effects, and interfacial tension pertaining to the energy of micelle-free systems. So, the optimized curvature parameters obtained because of these forces can be used as the input of CPA EoS to independently count the association interactions and predict the SCMC for the first time. For the aforementioned surfactants, the first critical micelle concentration (FCMC) data was previously used to modify five pure parameters of the CPA EoS. Consequently, applying the adjusted parameters, the SCMC of noted aqueous solutions has been predicted reasonably using CPA EoS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a simple connected graph and a positive integer with , a radio -coloring of is a mapping such that holds for each pair of distinct vertices and of , where is the diameter of and is the distance between and in . The span of a radio -coloring is the number . The main aim of the radio -coloring problem is to determine the minimum span of a radio -coloring of , denoted by . Due to NP-hardness of this problem, people are finding lower bounds for for particular families of graphs or general graphs . In this article, we concentrate on finding upper bounds of radio -chromatic number for general graphs and in consequence a coloring scheme depending on a partition of the vertex set . We apply these bounds to cycle graph and hypercube and show that it is sharp when is close to the diameter of these graphs.

Graphical size distribution is widely used in different fields of science and studies related to powders, droplets, bubbles, and pores. However, in some condition it may also be necessary to express the size distribution quantitatively. In spite of there being several suggested ways to quantify size distribution in the literature, some of these approaches are not applicable for many methods and the rest have other drawbacks. In this study, first, some quantitative size distribution methods (such as the polydispersity index) and their defects are concisely discussed. SPAN seems to be the most generally appropriate method, its parameters are determined from cumulative size distribution data. Nevertheless, some specific results imply that there are still some drawbacks in this method. Next, a new quantitative description of size distribution is presented which is applicable to many different techniques. In this method the characterization value is limited to 0 and 1, where 0 is related to completely polydispersed size distribution and 1 denotes the completely monodispersed size distribution.

The mechanical calculation of flexible wires of overhead lines and switchgears, in which in-phase or phase-to-phase spacers are installed, is under consideration. Spacers are considered as concentrated loads acting on the split phase. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of spacers as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. This takes into account the difference in suspension heights, tension insulators strings, wind and ice loads. These formulas, being presented in a form that is convenient for consumers, can be used for computer execution of the mechanical calculation of flexible wires in different climatic regimes, both in the presence and in the absence of phase splitting. The errors of replacing the spacers with a distributed load are demonstrated. Formulas are proposed that give the smallest error when replacing spacers with a distributed load. The greater the value of the concentrated forces from the tap-off lines and loops, the greater the error in calculating the sag of the switchgears wires. Therefore, it is not possible to replace them with a distributed load obtained by simply dividing the total load by the length of the span in the presence of the tap-off lines and loops.

Climatic conditions and loads on wires and cables of overhead lines are calculated in accordance with the Technical Code of the Established Practice of TCP 339–2011 and the seventh edition of Electrical Installation Rules. Aviation aerial barrage balls are considered as concentrated loads acting on the wire. The article deals with the mechanical calculation of flexible wires of overhead lines, in which barrage balls warning spheres are installed. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of barrage balls as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. This takes into account the difference in suspension heights, tension insulators strings, wind and ice loads. Equations of state are obtained that took into account the weight and wind loads on the wire, as well as the load factors in two planes, depending on the number of barrage balls. Calculations of sag and tension for different span loads have been performed. With the action of wind and ice loads, the tensions and sags increase, in the ice regime the tension has exceeded the permissible value. The case of the appearance of an additional concentrated load in the span is considered.

'The 1968 years' draw into memory the thoughts and images of other dates, protests, and political formations worldwide. The Naxalite movement of India was as different from the French May as was the Prague Spring from the Hungarian Uprising. Yet each gathered currents of ideas, energies, tactics – in brief, memories – from others and then released them into the world again. These are 'dates without places' which became possible after the Second World War, giving us to think not the excess of '68 but that which was in excess of '68: intertwined insurrectionary components, only some of which were 'local' while others were more mobile and remote. They reveal memory as a contagion of the imagination which must cease to be defined only in relation to the past, or to a place, and must instead be recognized as the faculty relating to the future. Memories of imagination do not commemorate particular events, places, or even forms like 'protest' and 'resistance.' They gather through the homologies and analogies perceived by the imagination. Homology obtains the memories of the powers of constructability in an object by transporting it materially into a new reality, while analogy maintains the memories of the partial powers of the abstractability of an object in imagination. May '68 and other dates without places harbour the memory of this imagination which opens new spans for things, their range of actualizable trajectories. Some of these memories have carried forward to the great recent protests – Occupy, Syntagma Square, the Arab Spring – but we live less and less in a time when the semblance of Elias Canetti's 'open crowds' can harbour imagination in politics. Our time would have to discover for itself the hidden spans of these twenty-first-century components, such that our memories of our own imagination remain actualizable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio labelling problem of graphs have their roots in communication problem known as \emph{Channel Assignment Problem}. For a simple connected graph $G=(V(G), E(G))$, a radio labeling is a mapping $f \colon V(G)\rightarrow \{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ such that $|f(u)-f(v)|\geq {\rm diam}(G)+1-d(u,v)$ for each pair of distinct vertices $u,v\in V(G)$, where $\rm{diam}(G)$ is the diameter of $G$ and $d(u,v)$ is the distance between $u$ and $v$. A radio labeling $f$ of a graph $G$ is a \emph{radio graceful labeling} of $G$ if $f(V(G)) = \{0,1,\ldots, |V(G)|-1\}$. A graph for which a radio graceful labeling exists is called \emph{radio graceful}. In this article, we study radio graceful labeling for general graphs in terms of some new parameters.

In this paper, we consider T-colorings of directed graphs. In particular, we consider as a T-set the set Tr = {0, 1, 2, . . ., r−1, r+1, . . .}. Exact values and bounds of the Tr-span of directed graphs whose underlying graph is a wheel graph are presented.

Aerial barrage balls serve for marking high-voltage wires in order to visually warn pilots of civil and military aviation about the presence of overhead lines. The present article deals with the mechanical calculation of flexible overhead wires of overhead lines, in which aerial warning barrage balls are installed. The wire is considered as a homogeneous flexible thread having the outline of a parabola and a chain line. The load from the aerial barrage balls must not be substituted with a distributed one by simple division of the total load into the span length, since it can cause incorrect results. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of aerial barrage balls as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. The acceptable accuracy of mechanical calculation is demonstrated when using the model of wire in the form of a parabola adopted in the design practice, provided that the components of concentrated forces are correctly determined. The equation of state is recorded, taking into account the weight and wind loads on the wire, as well as load coefficients in two planes, depending on the number of barrage balls. The performed calculations demonstrate an acceptable accuracy of the determination of the stress at various loadings of the span. For more accurate calculation of mechanical stresses and sag arrows, a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible wires of overhead lines is suggested, where the calculated model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is put taking into account of the spatial arrangement of all structural elements. The results of mechanical calculation according to the program that had been developed and to the existing methods for a different number of aerial barrier balls moved along the span are presented.

Abstract To solve the security problem of industrial Ethernet DNP3 protocol broadcast authentication, the attack vector and security requirements of trusted DNP3 protocol are analysed. First, the paper adopts a trusted platform into the control network and authenticates the identity and security status of the DNP3 client and server to prevent node sensitive information from being compromised. Second, a trusted DNP3-BAE broadcast authentication encryption protocol is proposed based on the hash chain method to solve the problem of missing message security authentication mechanism in broadcast mode, which only needs a key to complete the broadcast message authentication for multiple slaves. The new scheme can use the DNP3-SA encryption primitive, without a major upgrade to the existing platform. The protocol is verified by the SPAN tool; the results show that there is no intrusion path, which ensures the integrity, authenticity, freshness, and confidentiality of the communication nodes. At present, there is no public document to introduce a trusted platform into the DNP3 protocol to solve security problems. Performance analysis shows that our solution reduces the overhead of large-scale broadcast authentication at the expense of increased less processing and storage overhead.

In the mechanical calculation of the flexible wires of substations and overhead lines, sags and tension are determined in various climatic conditions. Concentrated loads from spacers, barrier balls, stubs, taps to electrical apparatus and other elements are replaced with a load distributed over the span. On the example of a span with tension insulator springs, the action of concentrated loads on the wire is considered, the error is determined when the concentrated forces are replaced with a load one that is uniformly distributed along the span. It is shown that concentrated loads cannot be replaced with distributed ones by simple division of total loads by the span length, since this might result in completely incorrect findings. A relationship is established between the coefficient of the increase of the sag, the coefficient of concentrated forces, the coefficient that takes into account the presence of tension insulator springs, and the angle of inclination of the span. With wind load and the presence of taps to electrical apparatus, the deviations of the wire in two planes may be calculated independently of each other if the forces concentrated in these planes are known. A decrease in the error is shown with an increase in the number of small concentrated forces. The influence of the angle of inclination of the span and the presence of tension insulator springs on calculating the deviations of the wires of substations and overhead lines is assessed. A more accurate calculation of mechanical tensions and sags is possible with the use of a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible bus of switchgears and wires of overhead lines, where the design model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is used, taking into account the spatial disposition of all structural elements.

The objective of mechanical calculation of flexible wires of substations and overhead lines is to determine the sag and tension in different climatic conditions. A wire with a uniformly distributed load is considered as a homogeneous flexible thread having the form of a parabola. Concentrated loads from spacers, barrier balls, stubs, taps to electrical apparatus and other elements are replaced with the one distributed over the span. On behalf of a span without tension springs of insulators the action of concentrated loads on the wire is considered, an error is determined when replacing the concentrated forces with the one uniformly distributed along the span by the load. The sag for the equivalent wire is determined with the aid of the ratio of the increase of the sag, due to the presence of concentrated forces. An equation of state has been drawn up which makes it possible to determine the tension after changing the number of concentrated loads, e.g., after installing spacers, hanging the barrier balls, fixing the taps. The dependence of the maximum sag on the number of concentrated forces is given. The definition of the coefficient of concentrated forces as the ratio of the sum of the concentrated loads to the weight of the wire in the span is presented. A relationship between the load factors, the increase of the sag and the coefficient of concentrated forces is established. The formula has been deduced for determining the error in the replacement of concentrated forces by a uniformly distributed load along the span as a function of the number of concentrated forces and the coefficient of concentrated forces. A decrease in the error with an increase in the number of concentrated forces has been demonstrated. A more accurate calculation of mechanical tensions and sag is possible with the use of a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible busbar of substations and air-line wires, where the design model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is placed, taking into account the spatial disposition of all structural elements.

Let G be a graph with diameter d. A radio labelling of G is a function f that assigns to each vertex with a non-negative integer such that the following holds for all vertices u , v : | f (u) − f (v) | ⩾ d + 1 − d (u , v) , where d (u , v) is the distance between u and v. The span of f is the absolute difference of the largest and smallest values in f (V). The radio number of G is the minimum span of a radio labelling admitted by G. For trees, a general lower bound of the radio number was given by Liu [10] , which has been used to prove special families of trees whose radio number is equal to this bound [1,6,9,10]. In this article, we present improved lower bounds for some trees whose radio number exceeds Liu's lower bound. Some of these new bounds are sharp for special families of trees, including complete binary trees [9] and odd paths [11]. Moreover, using these new bounds, we extend the known results of Halasza and Tuza [6] on complete level-wise regular trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a category of spans can be made in some categories A which do not have pullbacks in the traditional sense. The PROP for monoids is a good example of such an A . The 2012 book concerning homological algebra by Marco Grandis gives the proof of associativity of relations in a Puppe-exact category based on a 1967 paper of M.S. Calenko. The proof here is a restructuring of that proof in the spirit of the First sentence of this Abstract. We observe that these relations are spans of EM-spans and that EM-spans admit fake pullbacks so that spans of EM-spans compose. Our setting is more general than Puppe-exact categories. We mention the formalism of distributive laws which, in a generalized form, would cover our setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers de Topologie et Geometrie Differentielle Categoriques is the property of Andree C. EHRESMANN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The span is widely employed in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) polarimetry (PolSAR) applications. The span is a summation of the three polarimetric intensity channels, its probability density function (pdf) is commonly assumed in the literature as that of the intensity polarimetric channel. In this letter, the statistics of the span are investigated. It has been demonstrated that the span is modeled by $L$ -looks intensity pdf where $L$ is the equivalent number of looks (ENLs) of the span transformation, i.e., ENLspan. To estimate ENLspan, a theoretical model has been proposed. The results showed that ENLspan ranges in [1,3] depending on the media’s scattering property. Results demonstrated also that the use of the eigenvalues produced better estimation of ENLspan than the use of diagonal elements of the coherence or the covariance matrix. The proposed model produced also a more accurate estimation of ENLspan than the one obtained by the direct calculation. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the use of the introduced span statistics gave a correct estimation of the performance of the classification and the filtering PolSAR techniques whereas classical span statistics overestimated them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topographical complexity of landscapes and diversity of terrain features have caused to interweave with the scattering mechanism and intensity of full polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This makes it difficult for the traditional Wishart-H/α (polarization entropy/scattering angle) classification to effectively classify land types in Karst areas. In this study, a complex Wishart distance measure was used for the class clustering of land type in research areas. A super-box clustering was carried out using the H/α plane. The semi-supervised classification was also carried out, according to the complex Wishart distance between the average coherence matrix of super-box and sample clustering. The obtained data of land classification were further processed using the Polarimetric-Total-Power (SPAN) and the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), where the SPAN was sensitive to buildings and bare rock land, whereas, the NDVI was sensitive to wood land, grass land and cultivated land. An effective classification of land types was finally realized in the Karst areas. Specifically, the complex Wishart distance between two types of sample was calculated to determine the similarity of scattering characteristics in the samples of different land types, and the clustering was also performed during this time. Eight kinds of super-box clustering were divided into using the H/α plane. Three kinds of preliminary clustering were obtained, including the first type of water body, the second type of construction and bare rock land, as well as the third type of wood land, grass land and cultivated land. The SPAN was then used to classify the building and bare rock land, using a threshold in the way of super-box segmentation. The wood land, the grass land, and the cultivated land were classified by introducing a combination of the NDVI and Digital Elevation Matrix (DEM). The improved method can be used to effectively classify the water body, woodland, grassland, farmland, construction land, and bare rock land, with the overall accuracy of 81.45%. To verify the improved method, the another full-polarization SAR data was selected from the typical Karst areas, where the terrain was relatively flat, while the topography was relatively single. This case study demonstrated that the land classification was successfully implemented, where the overall classification accuracy reached 85.66%. The finding can provide a novel way to accurately classify various land types, and thereby serve as an ideal supplementary means to monitor rocky desertification evolution in Karst areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age‐related differences in short‐term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long‐term memory (LTM). Fifty‐three adults with ASD (age range: 25–65 years) were compared to 52 age‐, biological sex‐, and intelligence‐matched typically developing (TD; age range: 21–67 years) adults on three STM span tasks, which tested STM performance for letters (Verbal), grid locations (Visuospatial), or letters in grid locations (Multimodal). A subsample of 34 TD and 33 ASD participants ranging in age from 25 to 64 years completed a fourth Multimodal Integration task. We also administered the Color Trails Test as a measure of executive function. ASD participants' accuracy was lower than that of the TD participants on the three span tasks (Cohen's d: 0.26–0.50). The Integration task difference was marginally significant (p =.07) but had a moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.50). Regression analyses confirmed reduced STM performance only for older TD participants. Analyses also indicated that executive processes played a greater role in the ASD group's performance. The demonstration of similar difficulties and age‐related patterning of STM in ASD to those documented for LTM and the greater recruitment of executive processes by older ASD participants on the Integration task suggest a compensatory role of frontal processes both as a means of achieving undiminished task performance and as a possible protection against older age cognitive decline in ASD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1970‐1984. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Lay Summary: Little is known about short‐term memory (STM) in younger and older adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tested different kinds of STM and showed that ASD adults remembered shorter sequences of letters, crosses, or letters in grid cells less well than matched participants with typical development. However, older ASD individuals performed similarly to younger ASD individuals, nor showing the reduction in performance usually seen with older age. The data suggest that ASD individuals use different underlying mechanisms when performing the tasks and that this might help protect their memory as they grow older. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post‐lithium‐ion battery technology is considered a key element of future energy storage and management. Apart from high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, economic, ecologic and safety issues become increasingly important. In that regards, both the anode and cathode materials must be easily available, recyclable, non‐toxic and safe, which renders magnesium‐sulfur (Mg−S) batteries a promising choice. Herein, we present Mg−S cells based on a sulfurated poly(acrylonitrile) composite cathode (SPAN), together with a halogen‐free electrolyte containing both Mg[BH4]2 and Li[BH4] in diglyme and a high‐specific surface area magnesium anode based on Rieke magnesium powder. These cells deliver discharge capacities of 1400 and 800 mAh/gsulfur with >99 % Coulombic efficiency at 0.1 C and 0.5 C, respectively, and are stable over at least 300 cycles. Energy densities are 470 and 400 Wh/kgsulfur at 0.1 C and 0.5 C, respectively. Rate tests carried out between 0.1 C and 2 C demonstrate good rate capability of the cells. Detailed mechanistic studies based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electric impedance spectroscopy are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone morphogenetic protein 1, also referred to as BMP1, is a protein encoded by the BMP1 gene in humans. There are seven protein isoforms created through alternative splicing. It leaves the C-terminal propeptides of procollagen I, II and III. It induces cartilage and bone formation. It may participate in dorsoventral patterning during early development by cleaving chordin (CHRD). It is also responsible for the proteolytic activation of lysyl oxidase LOX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide a theoretical basis for the design of harvesting and processing machinery for Glycyrrhiza glabra stems and for energy conservation during processing, the bending characteristics of G. glabra stems were studied. The comprehensive influences of four factors (loading position diameter, loading speed, span, and moisture content) on the bending characteristics of G. glabra stems were tested using a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. The results indicated that the single factors loading position diameter and span had a significant influence on the bending characteristics of G. glabra stems. In addition, as the loading position diameter increased, the maximum bending force and bending energy of G. glabra stems tended to increase, while the bending stress tended to decrease. As the span increased, the maximum bending force and bending energy of G. glabra stems tended to decrease, while the bending stress tended to increase. As the moisture content increased, the maximum bending force and bending stress of G. glabra stems tended to decrease, while the influence on bending energy was not significant. The loading speed had no influence on the bending characteristics of G. glabra stems. The interaction between loading position diameter and span had a significant influence on the maximum bending force and bending energy, and the interactions between loading position diameter and moisture content and between loading speed and span had a significant influence on the maximum bending stress. This study on the bending characteristics of G. glabra stems can provide a theoretical basis for the design of harvesting and processing equipment and for the pretreatment of G. glabra stems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Privacy in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is fundamental because the user's safety may be threatened by the identity and the real‐time spatiotemporal data exchanged on the network. This issue is commonly addressed by the use of certified temporal pseudonyms and their updating strategies to ensure the user's unlinkability and anonymity. IEEE 1609.2 Standard specified the process of certifying pseudonym along with certificates structure. However, the communication procedure between the certifying authority and the requesting vehicle was not defined. In this paper, a new privacy‐preserving solution for pseudonym on‐road on‐demand refilling is proposed where the vehicle anonymously authenticates itself to the regional authority subsidiary of the central trusted authority to request a new pseudonyms pool. The authentication method has two phases, the first one uses anonymous tickets, and the second one is a challenge‐based authentication. The anonymous tickets are certificates that do not include the identity of the user. Instead, it contains a reference number and the certifying authority signature. The challenge authentication is identity‐less to preserve the privacy, yet it is used to prevent the misuse of tickets and the impersonation of its owner. Our proposed scheme is analyzed by the use of Burrows, Abadi and Needham (BAN) logic to demonstrate its correctness. It is also specified and checked by using the Security Protocol ANimator (SPAN) and the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tools. The logical demonstration proved that this privacy‐preserving authentication is assured. The SPAN and AVISPA tools illustrated that it is resilient to security attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the effect of solar radiation at different seasons on the mode of deformation (MD) of a span structure with an orthotropic plate. The temperature fields of the elements of the structure were measured during daylight hours at different times of year at various air temperatures and sun positions. Cases were identified in which it is necessary to clarify the temperature values of the asphalt concrete road surfacing and the main beams obtained using a non-contact pyrometer, and by measuring the temperature with a contact thermometer. During the year the elements of the span are in a wide temperature range. Using the developed finite element model of the span, taking into account the layers of road surfacing, the MD calculations were performed for each case of exposure to solar radiation according to the corrected results of field measurements. An analysis of the results of numerical studies allows us to conclude that diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations create significant additional stresses in the span, which should be taken into account when calculating the MD of spans of road bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive some inequalities involving first four central moments of discrete and continuous distributions. Bounds for the eigenvalues and spread of a matrix are obtained when all its eigenvalues are real. Likewise, we discuss bounds for the roots and span of a polynomial equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the low accuracy of Kazakh parsing and the lack of correlation research based on neural network Kazakh parsing, this paper focused on the parsing of Kazakh phrase structure, based on the shift-reduce method, but by the stack elements were sentence spans rather than partial tree, then it didn' t need to carry out the binary tree in parsing. The research used the bi-directional LSTM to extract the features of sentence span, and obtained the sentence span in the whole sentence context, using the multilayer perceptron to train the parsing model. In the end, the Kazakh parsing accuracy achieved 76. 92%. The research results improved the accuracy of Kazakh parsing and built a good foundation for Kazakh machine translation and semantic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Niosomes are vascular systems used as safe and useful carriers for delivering both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. These vesicles are considered as drug delivery systems, which are designed using non-ionic surfactants. Niosomes are designed by mixing of biocompatible and biodegradable non-ionic surfactant (usually spans and tweens) and cholesterol with dispersion in aqueous media. It is composed from a bilayer of non-ionic surfactant with two extents, one of them is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic. The purpose of the present study is to prepare diphenhydramine HCl (DPH HCl) proniosomal gel that is capable to convert into niosomal forms on hydration and delivering drug in extended time. Materials and Methods: Proniosomal loading DPH HCl formulas were prepared by coacervation method. Sorbitan esters (Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, and Span 80) and their ethoxylated derivatives (Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and Tween 80) were used in the preparation of proniosomal formulations. The prepared formulations were evaluated for physical manifestation, pH, shape, vesicles size, entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro drug release. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to examine the compatibility between medicine and other ingredients. Results: Results showed that the most prepared niosomal formulations were in the nanosize range and exhibited uniformity in the sizes of the vesicles with higher EE (68.6%-97.83%). FTIR studies indicated that there was no interaction between DPH HCl and other formulation materials of niosomal formulations. The prepared formulations containing Tween surfactants revealed higher release rates when compared with Span formulations. According to the results, niosomal formulation could be formulated for DPH HCl as transdermal delivery system. Conclusion: The above results indicated that DPH was well prepared as proniosomal gel with high EE using coacervation technique. Proniosomal formulation as a drug delivery system seems to be possible with DPH HCl and could act as alternative for delivering the drug with prolonged release at the site of action, in addition to avoid the side effects of drug by the other routes of drug administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous girder bridge is the main type of small- and medium-sized bridges; however, it has poor collapse resistance and suffers frequent earthquake damage. In order to grasp its collapse mechanism and clarify the internal and external factors affecting its collapse resistance, a 1:3-scaled, two-span bridge model subjected to shaking table test research was taken as the research object. The factors such as seismic characteristics, multi-directional seismic coupling, span, pier height, and structural system type were analyzed to determine the influences on the collapse mode of the bridge. The numerical results showed that different ground motion characteristics led to different collapse modes. Vertical ground motion had little effect on the structural response of the bridge. The change of span and pier height significantly changed the collapse resistance. A seismic isolation design could improve the anti-collapse performance, but the collapse mode varied with the system. The final anti-collapse design suggestions could provide reference for the seismic reinforcement of existing continuous girder bridges and the seismic design of continuous girder bridges that will be constructed.

Impaired verbal ‘phonological’ short-term memory is considered a cardinal feature of the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lv-PPA) and is assumed to underpin most of the language deficits in this syndrome. Clinically, examination of verbal short-term memory in individuals presenting with PPA is common practice and serves two objectives: (i) to help understand the possible mechanisms underlying the patient’s language profile and (ii) to help differentiate lv-PPA from other PPA variants or from other dementia syndromes. Distinction between lv-PPA and the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfv-PPA), however, can be especially challenging due to overlapping language profiles and comparable psychometric performances on verbal short-term memory tests. Here, we present case vignettes of the three PPA variants (lv-PPA, nfv-PPA, and the semantic variant (sv-PPA)) and typical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These vignettes provide a detailed description of the short-term and working memory profiles typically found in these patients and highlight how speech output and language comprehension deficits across the PPA variants differentially interfere with verbal memory performance. We demonstrate that a combination of verbal short-term and working memory measures provides crucial information regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying language disturbances in PPA. In addition, we propose that analogous visuospatial span tasks are essential for the assessment of PPA as they measure memory capacity without language contamination.

Bahasa Indonesia: Realita menunjukkan bahwa ada sebagian mahasiswa Prodi PAI FTK UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya penguasaan kompetensi keagamaannya kurang memadai, terutama dalam baca tulis al-Qur’a>n dan al-H}adi>th, baik yang diterima melalui jalur SPAN, UM PTKIN maupun jalur Mandiri. Dengan demikian, timbul kekhawatiran atas kesenjangan antara masukan dan harapan keluaran Prodi PAI yang mencetak calon guru PAI yang profesional. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi evaluatif. Hasil analisis menggunakan One Way Anova menunjukkan Fhitung = 44,88 dan uji T dengan thitung = 9,433. Apabila Fhitung = 44,88 dikonfirmasi dengan nilai Ftabel, baik menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5% dan 1%, maka Fhitung> Ftabel (3,44 < 44,88 > 4,88). Apabila thitung = 9,433 dikonfirmasi dengan nilai ttabel, baik menggunakan taraf signifikansi 5% dan 1%, maka thitung> ttabel (1,665 < 9,433 > 2,376), menunjukkan ada persamaan dan perbedaan yang signifikan kompetensi keagamaan mahasiswa Prodi PAI FTK UINSA, baik jalur SPAN, UM PTKIN maupun Mandiri. Persamaannya, pertama nilai rata-rata kompetensi keagamaan pada masing-masing jalur penerimaan terletak pada nilai A- s/d A (9,18 s/d 10,49); kedua, Studi H}adi>th sebagai mata kuliah keagamaan dengan nilai terendah. Perbedaannya, nilai tertinggi jalur SPAN dan UM PTKIN ditempati oleh Aqidah Ilmu Kalam, sedangkan nilai tertinggi pada jalur mandiri ditempati oleh Fiqih Ibadah. English: It is the fact that mastery of Islamic Religious Subjects by some new students at Islamic Education Department of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya is not yet satisfying, especially in reading al-Qur'a>n and al-H}adi>th, by those admitted through SPAN, UM PTKIN or Jalur Mandiri (institutional test). Thus, there is an apprehension about quality disparity between the input and expected output of Islamic education teacher training program to result in professional teachers. This descriptive quantitative research uses an evaluative phenomenology approach. Based on the results of the analysis using One Way Anova, obtained F-count = 44,88 and T-test, which yield t-count = 9,433. If F-count= 44.88 is confirmed against F-table score, using both the 5% and 1% significance levels, then F-count > F-table (3.44 4.88). If t-count = 9,433 is confirmed with t-table value, using 5% and 1% significance level, then t-count > t-table (1,665 2,376), shows there are similarities and significant differences of religious competence of students of Islamic education teacher training of UINSA admitted through SPAN, UM PTKIN and Jalur Mandiri. The similarities is, first, the average score of religious competence in every entry test model lies in the A- and A (9.18 to 10.49); second, in average students experienced H}adi>th studies in the training process with as the lowest grade. The difference is that the students admitted through the SPAN and UM PTKIN modes achieved high score in Aqidah Ilmu Kalam during the training, while those coming from Jalur Mandiri are strong in Fiqh Ibadah (Fiqih 1).

The aim of the study is to identify main trends in the development of space grid structures. In order to reach the purpose it is necessary to conduct a review of the known structural concepts, nodal connections and specifics of the space grid structures and to make conclusions on feasibility improvement of the considered structural concepts that make it possible to develop new solutions without disadvantages residing in the analogues. Analysis of papers written by foreign and national scientists and devoted to theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of stress-strain state, influence of different factors on it and geometrical optimization and designing of space grid structures has been conducted in order to achieve the objectives. Space grid structures and, in particular, flat double-layer grid and most frequent nodes have been studied in the paper. The paper contains a short review of the history on development of space grid structures. It has been found that a rapid development of structural designs was caused by scientific and technical progress and, in particular, improvement of physical and mechanical properties of materials, development of calculation methods, application of software systems for simulating behavior of the structure under load, which significantly increased the calculation accuracy and reduced complexity of design. It has been also established that main parameters that have influence on effectiveness of a structural design are geometric dimensions of its modular elements, ratio of its depth to the span. The world experience on development of connection components has been studied in the paper. The paper presents general classification of nodal connections. Main advantages and disadvantages of existing space grid structures are highlighted and it allows to determine possible methods for their improvement. Theoretical research has permitted to establish that the main direction of spatial grid structures improvement consists in development of new node connection types. Several methods for node improvement have been proposed while taking into account the obtained results.

Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) is designed to improve accountability, transparency, and efficiency of the government financial management. The core of IFMIS in Indonesia is SPAN (Sistem Perbendaharaan dan Anggaran Negara). SPAN plays main role in organization process. SPAN supports job completion as well. This research links information system (SPAN) and individual performance. This study investigates the relationship among technology characteristics, task characteristics, computer self efficacy (CSE), task technology fit (TTF) and utilization toward SPAN’s user performance. This is a causal explanatory research. Questionnaires were distributed to SPAN’s users in Lombok Island and analyzed by partial least square (Smart PLS). Analytical results show that technology characteristics and task characteristics have positive influences to TTF and TTF has positive influence of utilization.

It is shown that optimization of measures for creation of building structures in under- ground mines is an effective way to improve the performance of underground construction and Geotechnology. Reliability management as containing objects of mountain rock masses in- creased by the use of residual bearing capacity of the destroyed rocks with the adjustment of the dimensions of the structural units of the process means