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Poser un regard anthropologique sur le concert symphonique amène à le considérer comme un rituel, à savoir comme une pratique collectivement instituée où le groupe s’affirme à lui-même. Ce rituel, l’anthropologie structurale nous a appris à l’appréhender comme la manifestation d’un système symbolique, système de classement inconscient de la réalité porté par la société où il se déroule. Mais si l’appréhension structuraliste offre des outils inestimables pour le replacer dans son contexte social, elle échoue selon nous à pénétrer son sens le plus profond, qui ne saurait se limiter à un acte de classement et d’explication du monde. Ainsi, poser la question de la sacralité dans le concert symphonique nous semble être une piste féconde afin de comprendre que ce rituel, parmi d’autres, permet à la société de projeter ses angoisses dans un en-dehors d’elle même dont elle est créatrice, afin qu’elles lui reviennent porteuses de sens. Dès lors, les modifications du statut de la sacralité dans ce rituel permettraient d’interroger des éléments de crise sociale et de représentations présents aussi, par homologie, dans le discours politique ou dans d’autres sphères de l’activité sociale. Le sacré ne serait donc pas seulement le voile de l’aliénation et de la domination : il serait au contraire indispensable à l’existence de groupes humains. Dès lors, la question de la liberté humaine et de la politique se poserait en termes de régimes plus ou moins critiques, distanciés et réflexifs de la sacralité.

On ne peut penser laFrench Theoryà laquelle on rattacha Roland Barthes, sans tenir compte de l’apport fondamental qu’y marquèrent les théories de Freud, Lacan, mais aussi Klein ou Winnicott. Tout comme Deleuze, Derrida ou Foucault, Barthes inscrit son travail d’écriture à l’intérieur même du bouleversement radical que la psychanalyse imprima à la conception occidentale de la subjectivité. Le sujet pervers et heureux d’une écriture-lecture désirante que Barthes construit peu à peu, est le sujet d’une analyse réinventée. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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Dans le but de la définition, de l'analyse et du sémantique des produits classés comme folkloriques, les éminents spécialistes du domaine n'ont pas manqué d'en proposer diverses méthodes d'approche (nous n'avons pas l'intention d'en proposer une nouvelle). L'approche contextuelle des oeuvres folkloriques dont l'on fait l'objet de recherche est celle qui est la plus connue et la plus adoptée. C'est une attitude commune que de rester fidèle à ce qui est national ou local dans les travaux effectués sur le domaine. Quoique l'on parle, par certains, de la nécessité de l'universalité (universel qualifie ou désigne une situation, 'universatix' renvoient aux constantes structurales ayant une valeur universelle d'une oeuvre ou d'un genre) il est pourtant négligée lors de l'évaluation des produits folkloriques. Or, comme on le sait, pour définir la littérarité d'une oeuvre littéraire, la catégoire à laquelle elle appartient, fixer ses constantes génériques, on s'attache à définir les caractéristiques de la langue commune. Il s'agit de là de déterminer au niveau universel des constantes ou, au moins des aspects communs des oeuvres du même type. L'objectif de ceux qui ont adopté une approche structuraliste se résume ainsi: sauver les oeuvres d'être considérées comme des systèmes désuets, les rendre des objets plus dynamiques, leur permettre ainsi de se perpétuer d'une époque à l'autre. La définition des objets folkloriques, dans une telle perspective, qui risquent d'être stéréotypés empêchera de les évaluer comme des systèmes morts face aux autres. Pour ce faire, sans suivre une démarche analytique, en partant de certaines définitions théoriques et en prenant pour référence les historiettes de Nasreddin Hoca, nous nous contentons de souligner l'importance de définir les universaux de ce qui est classé comme folklorique, de garder intact son dynamisme, si l'on met un produit folklorique qui représente l'imaginaire d'un peuple à côté d'un autre produit de la même catégorie ayant une fonction similaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on "molecular gastronomy," a food movement whose practitioners--chemists who study food and chefs who apply their results--define as the application of the scientific method and laboratory apparatuses to further cooking. Molecular gastronomy offers one example of how scientific rationales sometimes percolate outside professional scientific fields. I explore what happens when the explanatory ground occupied by "culture" is supplanted by a different mode of expertise--here, science. Following ethnographic research conducted in a molecular gastronomy laboratory, I show how French molecular gastronomists seek both to preserve and renovate classic French cuisine. Describing how they think about French cuisine in an anthropological language indebted to French structuralism--the work of Claude Lévi-Strauss, in particular--I reflect on the afterlives of anthropological concepts in scientific domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is not longer necessary to demonstrate the importance of the influence of Claude Lévi-Strauss''s thought on Jacques Lacan''s work. The beginning coincides with a conference by the psychoanalyst entitled le mythe individual du névrosé (the individual myth of the neurotic). In this conference, Lacan shows how Freud''s clinical case, the rat man, demonstrates the singular effect of a particular family history, emphasizing the impact of the father. Our hypothesis is that Lacan applies what Lévi-Strauss calls the “canonical formula of myths” to the case of the rat man. We will develop this argument starting from Lévi-Strauss''s texts, and also, above all, using information that we obtained from Lévi-Strauss himself, by means of a written correspondence, and by using manuscripts given to the Bibliothèque National de France (France''s National Library) by the ethnologist himself. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article is based on active research related to the social history of political ideas and the structuralist period from the end of the 1950s until the middle of the 1970s, during which the French theoretical scene was dominated by a series of intellectual productions influence by radical and political theories. British professor Quentin Skinner's contributions are examined. The author also discusses an article by French historiographer Roger Chartier entitled " Histoire intellectuelle et histoire des mentalités. Trajectoires et questions" which appeared in issue 104, 3rd series, of the July-December 1983 periodical "Revue de synthèse."

Copyright of Cuadernos de Economia is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Heterodox Latin American thinking on the development problematic has for several years been engaged in deep debate. Within this framework, the first objective of our study is to review critically the central ideas of what we understand to be the formation of a new consensus on the question known as neo-structuralism or neo-developmentalism, which seeks to be both a criticism of the neo-liberal prescription and an improvement on the old developmentalism. A second objective is to link this review with the analysis of transformations in Argentina’s auto industry. In this way, we seek to show the need to return to the historical method as a way of recognizing the possibilities for development in the Latin American countries within the framework of the international division of labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the emergence of a historical anthropology field within the framework of the nouvelle histoire (new history) during the second half of the 1960s and French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss. According to the article, this field questioned the influence of structuralism on historians. The author examines Lévi-Strauss's thesis "Les structures élémentaires de la parenté," his book "Tristes Tropiques," and his studies on mythology including the book "Le Cru et le Cuit," volume 1, part of the Mythologiques series. Also discussed are Lévi-Strauss's misunderstandings with historians as presented in his article titled "Histoire et ethnologie" and his 1988 interview with Didier Éribon and structural anthropology.

From 2003 to 2007, the Argentine economy experienced one of its most intensive and extensive phases of growth in recent decades. In this new scenario, small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) registered notable economic performance and recovered the dynamism they had lost in the previous decade. Nevertheless, the Argentine SMEs' limited access to credit markets is a widely recognized phenomenon, which limits the possibilities for the growth and expansion of these companies. This paper analyzes the bank credit effectively extended to the SMEs during the period 2002-2009 in Argentina. It concludes that there is a need for intervention and regulation by the Argentine state in the banking market, as well as a redefinition of credit policies for public entities and other policies focused on improving the financing of these companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Based on an intuition by Gladys Swain, this article develops two paths in an epistemological research on modern psychiatry. We try to reinvestigate the concept of neuroleptic under it''s most mythical form: the Largactil, not only as a molecule but as the very object of a discipline, founding a new notional cartography. A second path consists in interpreting this new epistemological deal and its structural patterns, mainly by questioning psychiatry as a “science of systems”; only then, can we ask the notion of meta-model the very problem it was basically meant to solve: a possible unification in psychiatric regions and areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Athena: Filosofijos studijos is the property of Lithuanian Culture Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study on the ethno-psychological and psychophysical factors traceable to Russian theorists in the world Wars I and II and their relation to diffusing German psychological ideas in Russian psychology. The Russian context appears to associate with psychophysical elements. The association is referenced to the debate on identifying the ethno psychology in Germany and the submission of both Russian followers and readers of German psychology to it.

The article compares the notion of education and its objective, in the thought of Emile Durkheim and Pierre Bourdieu. Firstly, it analyses the influence of Durkheim's sociology on Bourdieu's sociological work, emphasizing especially on the rationalism and the structuralism of both authors. Later a reflection is elaborated on some common points, and simultaneously on the distances that exist between both authors in the approach to the educational question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Semiotica is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal de la Société des Américanistes is the property of Societe des Americanistes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Semiotica is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: While contributing to the phenomenological elucidation of the psychiatric field, George Lantéri-Laura proceeded to the diachronic study of the possible conditions of linguistic studies. He showed how, at the end of the XIXth century, a certain number of postulates - Bouillaud, Baillarger and Séglas - constituted the implicit basis of later semiology of language. We may add the postulate of the independence of word, idea and the ideational theory of the meaning proper to the philosophy of associationism. At the end of XXth Century, while the transformation of associationism took place, a theoretical change encouraging the idea of a field which is neither translinguistic, nor universal. Refusing to regard this question as closed, G Lantéri-Laura proposed his own structural reading of semantic disorders in psychiatry by including the stylistic study, and beyond the strictly structuralist point of view the study of the autobiographical narration. This approach studies the links of language and subjectivity as, linguistics of enunciation (linguistic pragmatics), as French psychoanalysis has done since the Sixties, by questioning the ordinary dialogism of the inner language and its troubles, in particular verbal hallucinations, it also studies the heterogeneity of discourse, and the modalities according to which the subject of enunciation is explicitly inscribed, or not, in statements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper is a reflection on the role of contingent facts for the general understanding of language. Such facts are illustrated by the lacks of proportionality in the paradigm of French indefinites and the irregular correlations between the Null Subject Parameter and other hypothesised parameters. Such contingencies clearly go against the expectation raised by at least some versions of structuralism and the current chomskyan Minimalist Program. As demonstrated by alternative views being developed in various natural and social sciences, and as shown by recent research on formulaic language, contingency may be understood as the result of the expedient character of a medium geared towards action. A view of language as action may thus offer a perspective able to account both for the general default rules shaping a grammar and for the contingencies that entrench them in use, as both are integral and complementary aspects of language.

Gould and D'Arcy Thompson. This paper stresses the importance of D’Arcy Thompson’s (1860–1948) major work, On Growth and Form, for the elaboration of S.J. Gould’s thinking – and the use of D’Arcy’s original morphological approach in the constitution of Gould’s own macro-evolutionary concepts. The reference to D’Arcy’s work is present at each step of Gould’s works and career, but it yields more criticisms in later years: from the 1980s on, Gould refers to the idea of ‘construction constraints’, but tends to refute D’Arcy’s mechanical determinism to focus more on a historical approach of evolutionary ‘tinkering’ and of the role of contingencies in the history of life. Beyond the details of D’Arcy’s ideas and works, Gould seems to have been also fascinated by the personality of the Scottish naturalist: the image of the scientist he embodied certainly constituted for him an existential model throughout his life. To cite this article : C. Cohen, C. R. Palevol 3 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Le terme de « structuralisme » désigne une « méthode » et certains présupposés, principalement celui de phénomènes inconscients organisant les groupes humains, et donc les sujets eux-mêmes. Le sens et l'esprit du structuralisme sont quelquefois mal compris, et identifiés à une sémiologie asséchée ou à une modélisation complexe et peu compréhensible. Le structuralisme sera d'abord défini à partir de ses fondateurs : Galois, Saussure, Lévi-Strauss, et décrit dans ses rapports à la psychanalyse : Freud et Lacan. Le concept de « style » servira de « guide » au long du texte, pour amener l'idée selon laquelle le soin psychothérapique peut ressembler à un « travail du style ». Le « style » correspondra à l'aménagement particulier du rapport d'un sujet à la jouissance, d'où l'idée « d'analyse du style » comme démarche diagnostique et le « travail du style » comme soin. Un tel abord permet de renouer avec l'idée « d'art thérapeutique » pour promouvoir une « clinique du détail ». [Copyright 2004 Elsevier]

The article focuses on the development of the structure of opinions on mountain sports and the interplay between these opinions with the management of that space of practice. The objective consists in showing the existence of structures of the sporting opinion on mountains which takes part largely in the shaping of the glance related to this space of practice. The theoretical prospect consists in considering the speeches and the opinions stated by the public as being the translation of the forces, symbolic systems which circulate at one time given in the company via the imaginary ones, the stories told, the produced events and the cultural forms in circulation. But at the same time, the opinion translates a social position marking the way in which the individual composes his relation with the social one, the practices, the economic one and its medium of life.