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Legal and relational permanence have long been viewed as a central outcome of child welfare services. Timely termination of parental rights (TPR) has been a cornerstone of these permanency efforts because TPRs facilitate permanency through adoption. Yet the number of adoption plans that are not finalized or sustained are not trivial. Over 2,000 youth emancipate from foster care each year and many more leave earlier but not before a TPR has occurred. Some states have passed legislation to allow reinstatements of parental rights. This paper reviews the range of factors state legislation includes, reviews scant existing literature on how TPRs may effect youth, and proposes several options for ways that unproductive TPRs can be reduced, and timely reinstatements increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the linkages between aboveground and belowground ecosystems is important for explaining the variation in soil organisms with plant communities on a spatiotemporal scale. Here, soil nematode communities were investigated across three successional stages (early, mid, and late) in two contrasting forests at low and high latitudes in China. We found that forest succession affected the relative abundance of some nematode trophic groups, whereas it did not alter the total nematode abundance in the two forests. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that nematode community composition changed significantly from the early and mid‐stages to the late stage. The mantel analysis showed that total soil P at low latitude and litter C:N ratio at high latitude were more closely related to the variation in nematode community during forest succession, respectively. Total nematode diversity increased marginally with forest succession at low latitude, but first increased and then decreased with forest succession at high latitude. Interestingly, total nematode diversity was related to plant‐feeding nematode diversity during forest succession in both the forests. In addition, structural equation models showed that the diversity of different nematode trophic groups was directly affected by forest succession and indirectly affected by the quantity of soil resources and the quality of soil and litter. More importantly, forest succession drives total nematode diversity by directly affecting plant‐feeding nematode diversity. Collectively, forest succession alters the diversity and increases the dissimilarity of soil nematode communities. However, changes in soil and litter properties during forest succession at different latitudes differentially influence nematode communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Second World War the concept of the national common good was central for European countries. This embodied the efforts of rebuilding nations and securing their future. The devastating loss of human life highlighted the importance of securing the future population. Children were perceived as the essential resource for a nation's long-term strength and survival. The devastating consequences of the wars left thousands of orphaned, unaccompanied (foreign) children who were often forcibly separated from their families during the chaos of war; and children who are internally displaced within their own countries or who have crossed borders as refugees. They were scattered across Europe. The treatment of foreign children varied greatly from state to state. Some countries have resettled foreign children, while other governments have used the presence of unaccompanied foreign children as a welcome pretext for integrating them into their own societies. The national common good was seen as a legitimate means of dealing with children and as an instrument in the struggle for them. With a view to post-war Poland, there were thousands of unaccompanied German infants and children who remained in the country. They were places in Polish orphanages and with foster families. This article examines how the Polish state treated German children who were left in post-war Poland, and how strategies were developed to integrate these children into Polish society. It also analyses the impact of the forced assimilation of German "children left-behind". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Discourse: Journal of Childhood & Adolescense Research / Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Rechtspsychologie is the property of Hogrefe Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article regards the subject of "secondary victimization". It regards a judicial term which still appears to be unknown, not only to the public opinion but also to justice operators; however, it defines a reality of domestic violence and assisted violence which, unfortunately, are still very frequent and dramatically affect the life of many women and of their children and it consists in blaming the victim of the violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Upbringing / Wychowanie w Rodzinie is the property of Family Upbringing Editorial Board / Redakcja czasopisma Wychowanie w Rodzinie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One community that has often been overlooked while facing frequent negative perceptions and stigma is adopted individuals. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic at the start of this research, we hypothesized that scenarios of individuals from foster and adoptive families would be more likely to be associated with common misrepresentations that emphasize child-like qualities and lower competency compared to non-adopted peers. We surveyed 313 participants through Amazon's Mechanical Turk, after exclusion criteria, the sample consisted of 217 participants. Although the original hypothesis was not supported, our results indicate that higher pandemicrelated stress influences perceptions of entitlement and infantilization towards others regardless of their adoption status. This study provides further insight into how times of emotional distress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may increase negative judgments of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foster care is a substitute form of care in which children are placed away from their biological families and/or guardians. The scope of this literature review examines 39 scholarly articles (i.e., journals, reviews, meta-analyses, and reports) ranging from the years 1997-2021 of children and adolescents between the age range of six months old to young adulthood. We explore different factors that contribute to adverse child and adolescent outcomes in foster care, such as physical home environment, placement instability, the role of foster parents, and support systems; all which play a key role in the overall foster care experience of youth. These factors, in turn, have been related to children and adolescents developing an array of mental and social issues such as lack of interpersonal relationships, an increased risk for developing mental health disorders, selfesteem issues, and a lack of stability for future endeavors. Lastly, limitations and future research directions are further discussed along with the implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practising self-care is vital for foster carers to cope with the stresses of the caring role, provide the best care possible and continue in their task. This current study contributes to emerging research on the self-care practices of foster carers in Australia and worldwide. It used an exploratory design, surveying 148 foster carers about their self-care and conducting individual, semi-structured interviews enabling nine of them to elaborate on their self-care experiences. The results indicate that while the participants sometimes engage in self-care and value it as a way of maintaining their wellbeing and increasing their caregiving capacity, they face several barriers to doing this. These include the multiple responsibilities of the foster carer role, children's commitments, employment and finances. Facilitators of self-care include social and family support, contact with other carers and carer respite. Foster care agencies and the out-of-home care system should aim to meet the self-care needs of carers by providing increased support, resources and education. Plain language summary: Self-care is important for all individuals and vital for those providing care to children in out-of-home care who often have complex and challenging needs. This study asked 148 foster carers in Australia what they did to practise self-care. Foster carers demonstrated an understanding that self-care is important and a desire to practise regular self-care. However, they identified many barriers to engaging in self-care. This article explains why and how foster carers practise self-care, what prevents self-care from occurring and how to improve foster carers' self-care practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived parental rearing styles and perfectionist tendencies can have significant impacts on a university student's well-being, academic performance, and overall development. This study was conducted with the aim to unpacking the relationship among perceived parental rearing styles, perfectionist tendencies and self-criticism in university students. A crosssectional research design with stratified random sampling technique was used to investigate the relationship. The sample consisted of 300 participants that were selected from 3 different universities within the age range of 18 to 25 years. A 100 participant were chosen from each university on the basis of strata. Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran Scale (Perris et al., 1980), perfectionist tendencies scale and self-criticism scale were used to collect data from the participants. The results revealed that emotional warmth by parents is positively correlated with perfectionist tendencies whereas it is negatively correlated to self-criticism. Work related perfectionism has a negative relationship with self-criticism and perfectionism towards self and others have a positive relationship with self-criticism. In conclusion, different parenting styles can influence how students perceive themselves and their abilities. Authoritative parenting tends to foster positive outcomes, while authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful parenting may contribute to various challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One day in 1991, an affluent, white gay man walked into a hospital. To his surprise, he left a few hours later with a baby. Through the story of one Florida family, this essay explores the importance of the pediatric HIV-AIDS pandemic to the emergence of both state-sanctioned gay parenthood and the supposedly colorblind family politics of the 1990s. Drawing upon original oral history interviews as well as Black feminist scholarship, queer theory, and queer of color critique, this essay argues that social workers, doctors, and foster parents used daily decision-making practices to transform the meaning of family in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bordón: Journal of Education / Revista de Pedagogía is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Pedagogia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although there is extensive literature on the risks faced by families dealing with cumulative challenges, including the emotional and behavioural problems of the child, limited research exists on the potential resilience of these families. Additionally, there are a lot of ambiguities in family resilience research with respect to indicators of good outcomes while facing risks. Therefore, this study aimed to answer the following research questions: 1) What risks do family members recognise that they are facing?; and 2) How do family members perceive good outcomes in the context of the risks that they are facing? To answer these research questions, we conducted group interviews with 8 families whose children, aged 12 to 18 years, manifest emotional and/or behavioural problems. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. For the first question, the results highlight one theme - Families with complex needs: multiple risks at different levels. Four themes contribute to answering the second research question: Survival, Not giving up and asking for help, Positive change, and Wish for togetherness and good communication. The families reported three indicators of good family outcomes, while striving for the fourth (Wish for togetherness and good communication), suggesting that outcome indicators can be distributed on a "continuum". However, family members also reported that as they cope with and resolve the challenges they face, new risks emerge that may take the family back to an earlier stage, emphasising the circular rather than linear nature of this continuum. All participating families stressed that togetherness can be achieved with more professional help and time. The findings of this study address the importance of strength-based approaches in practice that will provide a space for fostering resilience in families facing chronic and cumulative risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of children in foster care in the United States has risen while new federal regulations in the USA require states to decrease dependence on congregate placements. As family-based settings are the preferred placement option, there is a pressing need to prioritize effective strategies to recruit and retain foster parents. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic characteristics and life experiences of families who decided to become foster parents at various key points in time in two states: Missouri and Mississippi. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at key milestones, which include pre-licensure training, completion of training and licensure, shortly after their initial placement, three months after initial placement, and after initial placement disruption occurred. A total of 656 prospective and current foster parents participated in the study. Survey results provide insight into the demographic characteristics of families who are attracted to fostering, those that are successful in obtaining licensure and accepted child placements, providing permanency to the children they care for, and those that decide to dissolve a foster care placement prematurely. Present in the discussion are concerns of those who have been left out of the recruitment process. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogía Social is the property of Pedagogia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The successfully reunification of families with care experienced children (children who are looked after away from home) involves the carer's support of the family in the context of relationship-based practice and constructing a shared assessment and narrative around the child. Practice is informed by an understanding of the impact of trauma on children and adults. It is based on hearing the informed views of children and young people when successfully planning family reunification. This work requires collaborative work with the family's social worker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stable housing is vital for improving behavioral health outcomes among youth experiencing homelessness (YEH). However, few studies have focused on YEH with foster care history and the relationship between housing status and behavioral health. This study examined whether housing status (i.e., literally homeless vs. unstably housed) was significantly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode, and substance use disorder (SUD). Literal homelessness was defined as living on the street or in a temporary shelter; unstably housed referred to living with parents, family, or foster parents but seeking services at a YEH drop-in center. Method: Data were from YEH ages 14–23 at YEH-serving agencies in three U.S. cities (N = 175): Los Angeles, CA; Denver, CO; and Austin, TX. We used propensity score weighting to balance the two comparison groups (i.e., literally homeless vs. unstably housed). Results: YEH who were unstably housed were significantly less likely than those who were literally homeless to meet the criteria for PTSD but were more likely to meet SUD criteria. Conclusions: Increased attention should be paid to the behavioral health outcomes of YEH with a foster care history. Social workers should strengthen outreach efforts to provide them with behavioral health services and housing options that are integrated with social support-building and trauma-informed approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas early childhood professionals can play a pivotal role in fostering young children's home language development, little is known about what determines the kind of multilingual parenting advice they offer families. The objective of this study was to deconstruct the processes culminating in two types of such recommendations: advice highlighting the usage of the home language in the family domain versus advice to include the dominant language. Different theories, including Spolsky's insights on language policy and Ricento and Hornberger's Onion model, were used to investigate several aspects influencing professionals' interpersonal language policy. Logistic regression analyses were performed on a sample of 305 professionals employed at Flemish infant welfare clinics in Belgium. Our findings indicate that advice highlighting the home language is connected to manifold variables on the national, institutional, and interpersonal language policy levels. However, only few variables at the interpersonal and institutional level were associated with advice to include the dominant language. Hence, future research could further investigate the hitherto unidentified mechanisms underlying this type of advice. Overall, our results show the complex and nuanced ways in which the national, institutional, and interpersonal levels intersect in shaping different types of multilingual advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Blocks (BB) is a psychoanalytically‐informed mentalization‐based dyadic approach addressing attachment deficits in birth parents and their children in the foster care system. Research shows that secure attachment depends on the caregiver's emotional availability and sensitivity to be a secure base for the child. Typically, different approaches are offered to improve parent behavior without focusing on building more securely attached relationships. In order to heal disrupted attachment between children in care and biological parents many didn't "know," attention to unconscious processes and trauma was needed. I describe how BB came to be a preferred treatment by caseworkers and clinicians working in a foster care agency. Having articulated our relationship‐based, non‐didactic approach, and having funding for it, was not enough to bring this method into a system that focused on external behavior over internal processes. A larger systems approach was utilized including meeting with foster care personnel, providing training and supervision to clinicians, and getting parents to commit to the "new" dyadic therapy. Two cases are presented highlighting the impact that Nested Mentalization and Reflective Supervision had on the agency, the families, and its therapists and caseworkers. The BB Program has helped scores of families to better know each other, develop more secure attachments and interrupt the transmission of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is very likely that many children who enter the foster care system have experienced at least one traumatic event, and can develop symptoms of PTSS. Consequently, foster parents' level of sensitivity towards child symptoms of PTSS plays a significant role in child development, but the link between sensitivity and several professional characteristics is not well understood. The current study aims to explain the effect foster parents' sensitivity towards child trauma exert on their job satisfaction, via foster parents' compassion fatigue and the quality of their relationship with the children in care. This study is one of the few to investigate foster parents' sensitivity towards child trauma, and the direct and indirect effects on other variables. Methods: Structural equation modeling was used to test a mediating model on this sample (N = 165) after using an online survey to collect the cross-sectional data. Results: The model produced good fit (RMSEA = 0.087; CFI = 0.899). The direct effects between variables are significant. The relationship between foster parents' sensitivity towards trauma and their job satisfaction can be better understood with the contribution of compassion fatigue. Conclusion: Findings confirm the mediation effect of compassion fatigue and reveal more aspects of the sensitivity towards trauma concept. These results could be implemented by considering more accurate measurements for the caregiver's sensitivity towards child trauma. The importance of considering interventions for increasing foster parents' trauma knowledge and skills is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents are influential in supporting children's physical activity, but relatively little is known about the role of fathers in children's physical activity. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (n = 24) were conducted with low-active and active fathers of children 3–11 years old. Deductive thematic analysis was used to identify fathers' physical activity practices and understand how fathers interact with their children around physical activity. Results: All fathers demonstrated coparticipation in physical activity with their children. Other physical activity practices commonly used by fathers included as follows: facilitation of active opportunities, modeling, involvement through coaching or teaching, and encouragement. In addition, fathers viewed physical activity as an opportunity to spend time with their children to bond and develop shared interests. Finally, fathers perceived their role in children's physical activity to be different compared with mothers. Regarding father activity level, active fathers discussed modeling more frequently and tended to engage in a variety of different activities compared with low-active fathers. Conclusions: Fathers play an important role in their children's physical activity, suggesting that physical activity may be one context in which to prompt paternal involvement, foster father–child relationships, and strengthen paternal parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Operation Pedro Pan: The Migration of Unaccompanied Children from Castro's Cuba" by John A. Gronbeck-Tedesco explores the complex and dramatic events of the early 1960s as Americans and Cubans attempted to resist the Cuban revolution. Funded by the U.S. government and administered by faith-based groups, this program aimed to safeguard unaccompanied Cuban children from Communist indoctrination. The book highlights the diverse perspectives and memories of the more than 14,000 young people who were hosted across the United States, as well as the racialized notions and race relations they encountered. It also examines the role of the Catholic Church and allegations of abuse within the program. Gronbeck-Tedesco's comprehensive exploration of this event provides valuable insights into Cuban-American relations, the Cold War, and the long-term impact on Cuban-Americans. [Extracted from the article]

Many animals learn to recognize conspecifics after an early experience with them through sexual imprinting. For brood parasitic birds, it is not possible to develop conspecific recognition using cues provided by their foster parents. One solution is that a unique species-specific signal triggers the learning of additional aspects of the conspecific's phenotype. It has been proposed that for brood parasitic cowbirds, this signal is an innate vocalization, the chatter. This vocalization might act in a cross-modal learning process through which juveniles that listen to the song learn to recognize the visual characteristics of the song's producer. We trained two groups of juvenile shiny cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis). In one group, individuals listened to the chatter or a heterospecific call while they observed a stuffed model of the corresponding species. In the other group, individuals listened to the call of one species (cowbird or heterospecific) while they observed the stuffed model of the other species. In the preference test, juveniles chose the model associated with the chatter, regardless of whether the model was a cowbird or a heterospecific. These results show how the auditory system through a species-specific signal can lead to cross-modal learning of visual cues allowing conspecific recognition in brood parasitic cowbirds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Work / Praca Socjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although material parenting is a very common parenting style in China, it has received little attention from researchers, and thus far, only one study has demonstrated that early material parenting fosters materialism in adulthood. However, whether early material parenting promotes materialism in adolescents remains unknown. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the relationship between material parenting and materialism and the underlying mechanisms among Chinese adolescents by conducting two retrospective surveys. A pilot study was first designed to test the recall bias and parent-child rating agreement on a small sample of child-parent dyads (N = 222) using a pairing questionnaire. The results showed that there was no significant systematic error that may affect the relationship between the variables and revealed a high rating agreement between children and parents on material parenting. Then, a formal study investigated the relationship between material parenting and materialism among a larger sample of adolescents (N = 1173) and examined the mediating role of overt narcissism. We found that both conditional material rewards and unconditional material rewards positively predicted materialism, and overt narcissism played a mediating role in the relationship. Our findings indicate that early material parenting may lead to children's overt narcissism and subsequently foster their materialistic values in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ConTexto is the property of ConTexto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article serves as the conclusion of the special issue entitled "Mindfulness and Relationships." The special issue includes nine research articles with authors and samples from a variety of countries. Romantic relationships between two heterosexual partners were studied most often in the special issue articles, but studies also focused on family relationships, friendships, and relationships between strangers. This article provides a summary of the special issue and the associations between mindfulness and relationships. The article concludes with the special issue editors' reflections on the current and future direction of research on mindfulness and relationships of all types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioural and emotional disturbances (F92.8) are the most recognized disorders in a developmental psychiatry. As the problem is still alarmingly increasing, the searches for their etiopathogenesis and more effective preventing and therapy methods are required. The aim of the study was to assess the association between the quality of life, some psychopathological features, concentrations of selected immunoprotective (brain-derived neurotrophin, BDNF), and endocrine (cortisol, F) factors while adolescent disturbances. The study was performed in 123 inpatients of a psychiatric ward with F92.8 diagnosis, aged 13–18 years. The complete patients' interview, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests, including serum F and BDNF tests, were performed. All patients completed standardized questionnaires to estimate: the severity of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), the level of aggression (Buss–Perry). The changes in the plasma BDNF and F concentrations were shown in patients raised in foster homes and institutions. The significantly lower BDNF was observed in youth from foster and suicide-experienced families. The more severe psychopathological symptoms, especially aggression and hostility, were found in these ones, who abused alcohol, attempted suicide, had lower self-esteem and cognitive processes, and were lacking safety in dysfunctional families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Family development policies in Indonesia aim to foster family resilience and welfare by supporting families to carry out their functions optimally. Family functions refer to a set of values practiced by the family members. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics, family knowledge and participation in the Family Development Program on the functioning of families in Indonesia. This study used secondary data from the cross-sectional study "The 2019 Population, Family Planning and Family Development Program Accountability Performance Survey (SKAP)". This study involved 69,662 families selected using a probability proportionate to size sampling, collected June-September 2019 across 34 provinces in Indonesia. The education level of the householder has the most significant impact on family functions practice among family characteristics variables (β =.106, p <.05). Family knowledge (β =.188, p <.05) and participation (β =.032, p <.05) in the Family Development Program has a significant positive effect on family functioning. These findings further reinforce the role of Family Development Program in helping families carry out their functions optimally. Thus, this study recommends further socialization of Family Development Program to promote well-functioning family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foster parents receive training to prepare them for managing the various behaviors foster children may exhibit, but it may not prepare them to care for children with complex medical needs. This study sought to understand the lived experiences of foster parents who care for a child with complex medical needs. Using a phenomenological approach, a sample of eight foster parents were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Foster parents indicated they felt supported by their assigned workers, but many foster parents experienced problems with the workers assigned to their foster children. Findings indicate the need for increased supports and services for foster parents, and a need for children's workers to receive more training to increase their knowledge of how to support children with disabilities, as well as their foster parents. Future research should focus on the specific needs of workers, including training on issues related to children with disabilities as well as the types of supports these children need, and ways to better support foster parents who care for children with complex medical needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of individual, relational, and contextual resilience resources reported by youth with FASD and their caregivers and examine how these resources related to early childhood adversity, potential protective factors, and concurrent emotional and behavioral functioning. Nineteen youth with FASD (aged 13 to 23 years) and their caregivers (foster or adoptive parents) completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28), the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), and a detailed developmental history questionnaire. Youth with FASD were reported to have comparable relational resilience resources to a typically developing reference group, but lower contextual resources compared to the reference group. Caregivers reported youth to have low individual resilience resources, but youth with FASD reported individual resources commensurate with the normative reference group. Early childhood adversity, age, sex, and IQ were not significantly associated with resilience resources. However, earlier age of stable caregiving placement and earlier age at FASD diagnosis were associated with greater caregiver-reported relational and contextual resilience resources. Finally, higher youth- and caregiver-reported individual resources were associated with less mental health symptomology, and higher youth- and caregiver-reported individual and contextual resources were associated with better adaptive functioning behavior. These findings complement previous research documenting the necessity of ensuring early stable relationships for youth with FASD and permitting timely access to diagnostic services. The results also highlight the need to better understand and strengthen individual and contextual resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study aims to explore secondary traumatic stress (STS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among foster parents. Forty-six foster parents completed the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and a number of items representing demographics, foster parent experiences, and help-seeking. Multiple regression results indicate that both STS and PTG were higher among those who reported religious/spiritual help-seeking. In addition, STS was significantly higher among foster parents who were young and White. These results have implications for the future study of these concepts, which may prove useful in supporting foster parent well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foster caring, for both foster and kinship caregivers, can be a challenging and rewarding endeavor. Both prospective and current foster carers have information needs. This article explores the concerns expressed in an open forum social media site (Reddit) by current and prospective foster caregivers. The study examines posts over a three-month span in 2021 and identifies nine key themes of users. Chi-Square analysis is combined with content analysis to better understand the differing needs of active foster caregivers and those who are considering fostering in the future. Prospective foster caregivers want to know about requirements, guidelines, and basic information before making any commitment to an agency. Current foster care providers frequently seek information about how best to help the child in their care and parenting issues. Suggestions are made relative to potential foster parent training improvements and support that might address some of the themes identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore how foster carers conceptualize and engage in self-care using interviews with 8 participants. Results suggest that self-care practices are an important component of maintaining the physical and mental health of foster carers, preventing burn-out and enhancing therapeutic parenting practices. Several barriers to self-care are identified, including systemic barriers as well a foster carers' own feelings of guilt for prioritizing their own needs. Results indicate that self-care requires a collaborative approach between foster carers and the broader child welfare system. Improved self-care specific training, resources and coaching from agencies were also identified as important outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given evidence that parenting can influence children's development, parenting interventions are often the strategy of choice when it comes to treating children's disruptive behavior problems—or preventing problems from developing in the first place. What remains under appreciated, however, is that some parents appear to be more responsive to interventions to foster skilled parenting than others. Notable in this regard is the ever-increasing observational and, perhaps more importantly, experimental evidence indicating that some children prove more susceptible to parenting interventions than others. So, while the experimental evidence clearly indicates that "susceptibility factors" which children carry seem to affect their likelihood of benefiting from a parenting intervention (and other environmental influences), what remains unclear is why the parenting interventions in question prove more effective in changing the behavior of some parents more than others. Could it be as a result of their own parental characteristics? Objective: The Parfective Microtrial in a randomized controlled microtrial, in which we focus not just on parental (and child) responsiveness but also on an underlying physiological mechanism hypothesized to contribute to heightened susceptibility to parenting interventions. Methods: Participants are 120 families, with children aged 4–5 years, recruited from the community. Of these, 60 are randomly assigned to the "micro" intervention condition (i.e., immediate positive parenting feedback) and 60 families to the care-as-usual control condition. Assessments in both conditions will be conducted at baseline (pretest), after 2 weeks (posttest), and after 4 weeks (follow-up). Primary outcomes are the hypothesized moderating effects of physiology on the anticipated "micro" intervention effect (i.e., decrease in negative parenting behavior and/or increase in positive parenting behavior). Secondary outcomes are the observed (changes in) child behavior in response to the parenting intervention, such that those parents and children—in the same family—who manifest these physiological attributes will prove most susceptible to the beneficial effects of the intervention. Trial registration: This study protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05539170). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children in foster care are psychologically vulnerable and show more social, developmental, and behavioral problems than those living with their family of origin. Many foster parents struggle to care for these children, some of whom have experienced severe adversity. Research and theory suggest that developing a strong and supportive foster parent–child relationship is essential for foster children to become more well-adjusted and experience a decrease in behavioral problems and emotional maladjustment. Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) for foster families aims at increasing the reflective functioning of the foster parents, thus promoting the development of more secure and less disorganized child attachment representations, which is subsequently proposed as a factor that reduces behavioral problems and emotional maladjustment in children and promotes their overall well-being. Methods: This is a prospective cluster-randomized controlled trial with two conditions: (1) the intervention group participating in MBT, and (2) the control group who receive usual care. Participants are 175 foster families with at least one foster child aged 4–17 years with emotional or behavioral problems. The intervention will be offered to foster families by 46 foster care consultants from 10 municipalities in Denmark. The foster care consultants will be randomized to MBT training (n = 23) or usual care (n = 23). The primary outcome is the psychosocial adjustment of the foster child measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as reported by foster parents. Secondary outcomes include child well-being, parental stress, parent mental health, parent reflective function and mind-mindedness, parent/child relations, child attachment representations, and placement breakdown. In order to explore implementation fidelity as well as practitioner experiences, we will administer questionnaires designed for this study and conduct qualitative research exploring the practice of the MBT therapists. Discussion: This trial is the first experimental study of a family therapeutic intervention based on attachment theory for foster families within the Scandinavian context. This project will contribute with novel knowledge on attachment representations in foster children and the effects of an attachment-based intervention on essential outcomes for foster families and children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05196724. Registered on January 19, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although earlier studies suggest improvement in relative income affects subjective well-being, literature about how savings and investing relate to happiness is limited. As Japan matures as a society, focusing on happiness among people is important from a public policy perspective. The data for this non-experimental study (n = 1,833) was a subsample of male and female adults from the 2018 and 2019 Keio Household Panel Survey, a nationally representative sample of adults in Japan. Using hierarchical regression models, this study assessed the association between household financial preparations (savings and investments) in 2018 and happiness level in 2019, as well as the association between the happiness level in 2018 and financial preparations in 2019, among adults in Japan. While the prior year's savings were not associated with a higher happiness level a year later, a higher happiness level was associated with higher savings and investment a year later. Other variables associated with the happiness level and financial preparations include household income and educational attainment. Age had a curvilinear relationship with both happiness and investment. In sum, the findings suggest the bidirectional association between money and emotions; thus, the focus on happiness requires a multi-dimensional approach, including a supportive environment fostering individuals and families to prepare for a financially secure future. The findings have implications for financial services professionals and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to Cook and Iarskaia-Smirnova: in contrast to the situation before the reform, the rights of people with disabilities are now better recognized by Russia's government and society. In recent years, the Russian government has adopted major social policy reforms that incorporate contemporary state-of-the-art international principles and practices. Reforming disability policy Attitudes towards people with disabilities began to change slowly in post-Soviet times, but the Russian government retained its established practices until 1995. [Extracted from the article]

This article proposes that the role of other animal-human partnerships in the Íslendingasögur needs to be closely examined in the same way as performed here for Sámr and Gunnarr, to fully understand the animal-human interactions in these Old Norse-Icelandic texts. Gunnarr's response to Sámr's death, his comment on Sámr's mistreatment, the reference to foster-kinship, and the acknowledgment of his impending death - these features suggest the relationship between Gunnarr and Sámr is here, at the point of death, depicted as akin to that expressed by "sworn-brothers" in Old Norse-Icelandic sources. This description of Sámr's traits and response to Ólafr's command simultaneously depicts Sámr as both animal and more than animal. This command can be read in two ways - Óláfr may refer here to Sámr's limitations as a dog, telling him to "be to him such as you are able as a dog", or his words may reinforce the outstanding, madr-like capabilities and status of Sámr: "Be to him such as you are able as a possessor of these abilities", reminding the dog that he has these abilities and should use them in this partnership with Gunnarr. [Extracted from the article]