Search

The number of people and the estimation of the population density are one of the important information concerned by intelligent monitoring. This article reviews, summarizes, and classifies the research methods and status of population statistics and population density estimation. According to the different methods of obtaining crowd information, the research methods of population density statistics and population density estimation are divided into detection-based methods, regression-based methods, and density-based methods. The methods based on density estimation are studied in detail. The network structures based on density estimation are divided into a single-column deep convolutional neural network and a multi-column convolutional neural network. Summarized the basic ideas, advantages and disadvantages of each method, analyzed and introduced the representative algorithms of each method, analyzed and compared related experiments, and introduced common mainstream data sets and performance evaluations for population statistics and population density estimation. Indicators and evaluation methods, and prospects for future possible research directions and corresponding development trend in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Organizational Culture Management is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Uniandes Episteme is the property of Universidad Regional Autonoma de los Andes (UNIANDES) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The competitiveness of the laminated flooring industry was assessed in Iran. The statistical population was 200 persons, calculated using the stratified random method and the Cochran formula. The sample size was 132. After reviewing the literature, a conceptual model derived from the theoretical framework was presented. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Content validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Its reliability was calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results were processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed a significant relationship between factors affecting perceived value, environmental and intra-organizational factors, and competitiveness in the laminated flooring industry. The evaluation of the quality of the model showed that the factors affecting the perceived value (strong effect = 0.632) and intra-organizational factors and environmental factors (moderate effect = 0.211 and 0.171) that were calculated, respectively, had the greatest effect on competitiveness. Moreover, these independent variables allocated 91.6% of competitiveness variations as the dependent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the importance of the functional movement screening tool and the prevalence rate of 4.34 injuries per 1000 hours in tennis, there is no standard protocol for functional movement screening specific to tennis. Therefore, this study aims to develop a tool for screening functional movements in tennis. Methods: the statistical population for qualitative data in this research includes all experts and specialists in the field of tennis, including coaches, teachers, and physiotherapists, and 18 of them were randomly selected as a statistical sample. Data collection was done through structured interviews. The interviews were mainly held in tennis academies, doctors' and physiotherapists' offices, and university faculty members' offices. Six classes of tests that were comprehensive enough to achieve the desired tool were designed with eleven questions in the qualitative questionnaire for these six classes. After defining the initial tests, the interviews were coded; then the codings were controlled and verified. Interview data were analyzed through version 11 of MAXQDA. Results: The results of the interviews were analyzed to determine the qualified tests to be included in the tool. The analytical process determined initial codes, and finally, 27 tests out of 108 potential tests were identified. Conclusion: It seems that this tool is suitable and practical with features such as simple scoring, acceptable reliability and validity, the possibility of implementation in a short time, and the ability to be used in various researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on mental job success mediated by the role of extra-occupational attitudes in nurses. Methods: This research was carried out by descriptive correlation method. After reviewing the theoretical literature of the research in the context of the subject area, the researchers developed the research model. The research's statistical population was 445 nurses in Khorshid Hospital nurses in 2021. From the entire statistical population, 220 people were polled based on Cochran's formula by random sampling. The researcher collected data using a questionnaire that he had written by adapting and localizing standard questionnaires. Data analysis was done on two levels: descriptive and inferential statistics through internal and external models with Smart Pls software. Results: The findings showed that emotional intelligence had a positive and significant effect on mental job success (path coefficient: 0.297) and cross-border attitudes (path coefficient: 0.444), while cross-border attitudes had a positive and significant effect on mental occupations' success (path coefficient: 0.277). Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that cross-border job attitudes, to some extent, mediate the effect of emotional intelligence on mental job success. Conclusion: The hypothesis test results showed the indirect effect of emotional intelligence on mental job success mediated by cross-border job attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines existing methods of evaluating sample quality, showing that their practical utility and applicability to large-scale cross-project comparisons depends on whether they require auxiliary individual-level data. Among those methods that do not demand any such additional data, we differentiate between two approaches that rely on (i) external criteria, that is, comparisons of sample estimates to benchmarks derived from external population statistics, and (ii) internal criteria, that is, comparisons of subsample estimates to a theoretically derived aprioristic value. Our analyses demonstrate the advantages and limitations of both approaches based on an evaluation of 1,125 national surveys carried out in Europe between 2002 and 2016 within four survey projects: the Eurobarometer, European Quality of Life Survey, European Social Survey, and International Social Survey Programme. We show that the prevailing absence of design weights in cross-national survey datasets severely limits the applicability of external criteria evaluations. In contrast, using internal criteria without any weights proves acceptable because incorporating design weights in calculations of internal sample quality has only minor consequences for estimates of sample bias. Furthermore, applying internal criteria, we find that around 75 percent of samples in the four analyzed projects are not significantly biased. We also identify surveys with extremely high sample bias and investigate its potential sources. The paper concludes with recommendations regarding future research, which are directed at secondary data users, as well as producers of cross-national surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in order to develop an integrated marketing mix based on industrial customer behavior in the oil products market. The statistical population consisted of experts and managers of oil industry, from among which a sample of 15 people was selected using purposeful techniques. Semi-structured interviews were performed for data collection, and data analysis was based on grounded theory via axial, selective, and open coding process. The resulting model was ultimately identified as a template for integrated marketing mix model based on the industrial customer behavior. The findings showed that for the development of an integrated marketing mix based on the development of industrial customer behavior, industry managers should closely consider all categories and subcategories distinguished in this study and obtain adequate information about all of them. Besides, this study shows that there is a need to pay attention to the development of an integrated marketing mix based on the behavior of industrial customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research was carried out to present a model for improving the competitive intelligence of first-level industrial universities in Tehran. In terms of practical purpose, in terms of mixed approach, and terms of strategy, this research was a survey in the qualitative part, content an approach, and in terms of strategy, this research was a survey type in the qualitative part, content analysis, and in quantitative part correlation. In the qualitative part, in addition to reviewing the texts, 23 people were selected as participants in the research in a targeted way to conduct semi-structured interviews. In the quantitative part, the total size of the statistical population was 1792 people, including 1253 faculty members and 539 seniors and experts of the universities. The original sample size was estimated to be 317 people according to the Crosby-Morgan table, and according to the use of the structural equation technique to maintain the necessary power for more stable estimates of parameters and standard errors, the sample size was finally estimated to be 350 people. The findings of this research show that competitive intelligence in universities includes eight main dimensions and eight influential factors and in order to improve competitive intelligence, investment should be made on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is a problem that directly affects human health, the global environment and the climate. The air quality index (AQI) indicates the degree of air pollution and effect on human health; however, when assessing air pollution only based on AQI monitoring data the fact that the same degree of air pollution is more harmful in more densely populated areas is ignored. In the present study, multi-source data were combined to map the distribution of the AQI and population data, and the analyze their pollution population exposure of Beijing in 2018 was analyzed. Machine learning based on the random forest algorithm was adopted to calculate the monthly average AQI of Beijing in 2018. Using Luojia-1 nighttime light remote sensing data, population statistics data, the population of Beijing in 2018 and point of interest data, the distribution of the permanent population in Beijing was estimated with a high precision of 200 m × 200 m. Based on the spatialization results of the AQI and population of Beijing, the air pollution exposure levels in various parts of Beijing were calculated using the population-weighted pollution exposure level (PWEL) formula. The results show that the southern region of Beijing had a more serious level of air pollution, while the northern region was less polluted. At the same time, the population was found to agglomerate mainly in the central city and the peripheric areas thereof. In the present study, the exposure of different districts and towns in Beijing to pollution was analyzed, based on high resolution population spatialization data, it could take the pollution exposure issue down to each individual town. And we found that towns with higher exposure such as Yongshun Town, Shahe Town and Liyuan Town were all found to have a population of over 200 000 which was much higher than the median population of townships of 51 741 in Beijing. Additionally, the change trend of air pollution exposure levels in various regions of Beijing in 2018 was almost the same, with the peak value being in winter and the lowest value being in summer. The exposure intensity in population clusters was relatively high. To reduce the level and intensity of pollution exposure, relevant departments should strengthen the governance of areas with high AQI, and pay particular attention to population clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the main features of collected disability statistics for the censuses in Sweden, 1860–1930, when the disability prevalence rose from four to 21 individuals per thousand of the population. We use qualitative methods to analyze the means of collecting, categorizing, and defining disability, while quantitative methods help us calculate the prevalence by disability type and gender in urban and rural areas. Our long-term findings reveal that this increase reflects new approaches whereby authorities applied alternative methods to collect disability data, using additional sources, wider definitions, and introducing new disability categories. The temporal variations in disability prevalence were influenced by the social and political context and normative views on who was considered disabled or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report the time trends in basic patient characteristics and the number of specimens received at a national referral center for ophthalmic pathology. Methods: Data on patient sex, age at surgical resection and geographical location of the referring unit were obtained for all specimens received at the St. Erik Ophthalmic Pathology laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 1st, 1959, and December 31st, 2021. Results: A total of 33 057 specimens had been received, of which 14 560 (44%) came from men and 18 477 (56%) from women (for 20 patients, the sex was not specified). The average annual percent change (AAPC) in the number specimens received was + 10.5%, whereas the Swedish population increased with 0.5% per year. Patients became older throughout the period, with an average yearly increase of patient age at surgery of 0.3 years (AAPC 0.2%). Overall, women were three years older than men at surgery (59.4 versus 56.4 years, P < 0.0001) The number of specimens increased with patient age from the first to the 8th decade, after which it decreased to zero in the 11th decade. The largest portion of patients had undergone their surgery in one of the hospitals or clinics in the capital region, with four of the five largest sources corresponding to the most populous counties in the country. Conclusions: During six decades, the growth in number of specimens sent to our national referral center for ophthalmic pathology has greatly outpaced the growth of the population, indicating an increasing demand for subspecialized services. Throughout the period, patients have become older, and a higher number of specimens have been submitted from female patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster resilience, which is actually how the geographical, economic, institutional, etc. capacities of societies are affected by disasters, is one of the issues that should be considered in every society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the interaction of effective variables on the resilience of new urban Habitations in the urban area of Isfahan against earthquake risk. Considering the studied components and the nature of the subject, the approach of this research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study includes 6 new urban Habitations of Shahinshahr, Majlesi, Sepahanshahr, Fooladshahr, Baharestan, and Shahid Keshvari. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in the research literature section, information has been collected through documentary and library methods. The results of direct matrix data analysis lead to the identification of the variables of geographical environment diversity, level of knowledge about seismicity of habitat, and population density as the most important variables and variables of severity, compensation capacity, and proximity to the most important areas as the most important variable. Also, the results of indirect matrix data analysis have shown that the variables of geographical environment diversity, level of knowledge about seismicity of the region, and population density are the most important indirect variables and the variables of severity, compensation capacity, and community-based risk management are the most important non-influential variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the impact of blockchain on the quality of the information in listed and non-listed companies in Iraq; the temporal scope of this study is 2022. The statistical population of this research is divided into two parts: one part is related to the level of familiarity with blockchain technology of accountants, independent auditors, managers, etc., and the other part is related to the effect of blockchain technology on the quality of accounting information. The sample size is determined based on Cochran's formula, among which 1528 respondents were selected as a sample size. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that in both listed and non-listed companies, familiarity with blockchain technology had increased the quality of information. In this way, blockchain technology has positively and significantly impacted the quality of accounting information. This means that the impact of IT (Blockchain) on the quality of accounting information is the same for Iraqi listed and non-listed companies. Since the current research has been investigated in an emerging market such as Iraq, it can bring helpful information to readers in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to predict learned helplessness based on academic resilience and test anxiety among students with academic failure. The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research included all the students with academic failure in the second year high schools in Bandar Abbas (Iran). The sample was selected by a multi-stage cluster method. In order to collect data, Learned Helplessness Scale (Quinless & McDermott-Nelson, 1988), Samuels's Academic Resilience Scale and the FRIEDBEN Test Anxiety Scale (Friedman & Bendas-Jacob, 1997) were used. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis in the SPSS-26 software. The results indicated that academic resilience (ß=-.47) and test anxiety (ß=.21) predict learned helplessness significantly (P<.05). Also, R2 showed that 32% of the changes in the criterion variable are explained by the predictor variables. In a general conclusion, it can be said that in order to decrease the level of learned helplessness of students with academic failure, its recommended to increase resiliency and control the test anxiety in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small things loom large as a distinct category in social and cultural analysis. However, the social construction and effects of this idiom of scale commonly remain vague and underexplored. Bringing the literature on quantification in conversation with the literature on scale-making, this article offers a theoretically-informed analysis of how smallness consolidates as a publicly salient social attribute, and how it feeds collective narratives. The empirical focus is on American Jewry – an ethnoreligious minority group whose leaders and experts have invested in its quantification, including its representation as a small population. Drawing on a variety of texts and images, as well as on interviews and fieldwork, I show that American Jewish research bodies and public figures engage in a myriad of comparative arithmetic exercises and spectacles of scale to assert the smallness of the population. Deploying smallness as a generative narrative tool allows them to engage with the ambivalences implicated in the American-Jewish post-Holocaust, minority, and diasporic experience. In particular, exercises around notions of numerical negligibility, disproportional success, and numerical inferiority elicit protean narratives around endangerment, power, and a questioned diasporic future. The broader theoretical intervention of this article is to offer scalemaking as a valuable prism for understanding the narrative potency and poignancy of arithmetically-based constructs such as smallness. Instead of emphasizing the assumed epistemological strengths of numbers, this article considers the narrative work that statistics do when they lend themselves to multimodal scaling. It argues that through scaling, statistics are infused with perspective, relevance and meaning, descriptively and prescriptively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the role of the feelings of security in possessing citizenship in predicting academic competence and quality of life in derelict and unsupervised adolescents. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and correlation type in terms of method. The statistical population of this research included all derelict and unsupervised adolescents of Khorramabad (Iran) in 2022. The participants were 120 people (age range 15 - 18 years) from adolescents residing in boarding centers were selected using accessible sampling method. In order to collect data, Academic Competence Evaluation Scales (DiPerna & Elliott, 1999), Feelings of security in possessing citizenship Scale (Samara & Barzegar, 2015) and Quality of Life Scale (Skevington et al., 2004) were used. The hypotheses were examined by multiple regression. The results revealed that the association between feelings of security in possessing citizenship and academic competence and quality of life is significant (P < 0.01). Also, the regression results indicated that feelings of security in possessing citizenship accounted for 8.2% of the variance in the prediction of academic competence and quality of life (P<0.001). In general, based on the findings of the research, the feelings of security in possessing citizenship in derelict and unsupervised adolescents has a significant effect on their academic competence and quality of life. Based on this, it is possible to enhance the educational and social processes of derelict and unsupervised adolescents by improving awareness of feelings of security in possessing citizenship in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Trade has long been one of the main engines of economic growth and development of countries and almost all economists, economic schools and thinkers have paid great attention to it. In line with Iran's accession and considering the importance of trade development between Iran and the member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), this study examines the multilateralism of Iran's trade with other members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, toexamines the multilateralism of Iran's trade with other members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization for optimal use of its geopolitical position in the period of 2017-2020. Research Question: The main question of this research is: Is Iran moving towards convergence with different groups? Will convergence with the Shanghai Group help the Iranian economy? What is the degree of similarity between Iranian trade and members of the Shanghai Group? What variables are important for Iran's convergence with the Shanghai group? Research Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this research is as follows: Iran's economy is moving towards convergence with different groups. Convergence with the Shanghai Group helps the Iranian economy. The degree of similarity between Iranian trade and members of the Shanghai Group is high. The variables of population, distance and GDP are important on the convergence of Iran with the Shanghai group. Methodology (and theoretical framework if there are): To calculate the commodity composition of trade and the intensity of similarity of exports and imports between Iran and the eight countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization between 2017 and 2020, two Cosine indexes and the Finger-Kreinin (FK) index have been used. Also, the studies were performed using Finger-Kreinin (FK) similarity index and Cosine index as well as data panel model with random effects. Results and Discussion: According to the Cosine index, the highest value is obtained for Pakistan (0.610869) and then India (0.545614), and the lowest similarity is obtained with Uzbekistan (0.269423), Russia (0.250048), and Kazakhstan (0.221851). According to Finger-Kreinin (FK) index, the highest degree of similarity with Pakistan and India with (44.5385) and (40.51033) and the lowest degree of similarity with Uzbekistan (28.19768) then Russia (27.3071) and Kazakhstan (25.08058) is calculated. Therefore, the correlation co-efficient of the results obtained from the two Cosine indexes and the Finger-Kreinin (FK) index is clear that this value (0.86499898) has been obtained, which indicates the high correlation of the above two indices in a way that confirms the results of each other. That is, in the Finger-Kreinin (FK) index and the index of Cosine, it has a high correlation with Pakistan and India. It also has the least degree of similarity with the countries of Uzbekistan, Russia and Kazakhstan. The results panel data model with random effects showed that the coefficients of distance, population, and GDP in both models were meaningless. Population variables in both methods had a positive effect on Iranian trade and the GDP variable had a negative effect on Iranian trade. On the other hand, the distance variable in estimating the model is negative with Finger-Kreinin (FK) index and positive in the Cosine index. Interpretation of the results obtained from estimating the patterns implies that; The coefficients of distance variability in both models are meaningless, i.e. Iran's trade plan is not based on using the potential of closer countries. The variable coefficients of GDP indicate the power of the opposite country to absorb the goods of Iran, which is meaningless in both models. Variable population coefficients have been obtained in both meaningless models, i.e. Iran's trade plan is not based on the use of crowded markets and their demand. Therefore, the findings of estimating the patterns indicate that Iran has not yet revised its trade plan in accordance with the optimal use of the Shanghai Group's geopolitical opportunities. Also, real-world statistics show that China, although both in terms of population and GDP can be a good opportunity for the export of Iranian goods, has a significant role in Iran's import basket. Despite both of these advantages, Iran's supplies only 0.16 percent of the Russian economy, much less than one percent. Despite having all three geopolitical advantages of proximity, distance, high population, and high economic growth, India has a very small place in Iran's trade basket. Despite its economic strength, large population, and bordering Iran, Pakistan has not yet received much attention in the trade basket with Iran. Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, in addition to Shanghai Group, joint membership in ECO Economic Cooperation Group, as well as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, in addition to Shanghai Group, joint membership in ECO and Eurasian Economic Union as well as the proximity of distance and growing economies, have a low place in the business map of Iran. Therefore, real-world statistics show that Iran has not yet modified its trade plan to make the most of the Shanghai Group's geopolitical opportunities. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the estimation of patterns as well as real-world statistics, both of which do not take advantage of the opportunity to join the Shanghai Group and make the best use of its geopolitical position, the following policy recommendations are proposed: 1-fundamental revision of Iran's trade plan has been made and Iran's trade portfolio has been targeted and tracked based on the benefits of proximity, population and economic growth of countries to make the most optimal use of membership in the Shanghai Group to develop Iran's trade. 2- Iran should make efforts to complete and make good use of the south-north corridor as soon as possible, because a major part of the geopolitical position of trade with China, India, and Pakistan can be expanded with the completion of this project, especially the Chabahar port project. It can be very helpful in this direction. 3- Iran must do everything in its power to position and use the new Silk Road, i.e. the connecting corridor (one belt-one road), because this project is the most important commercial geopolitical megaproject in the current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent decades have witnessed a major increase in demographic data uptake on Indigenous populations in official statistics of Latin American countries. Perhaps the most striking modification in the racial categories utilized in Brazilian national censuses in recent decades was the inclusion of the Indigenous category in the 1991 census. We situate the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the Brazilian national census in the second half of the twentieth century as part of a broader historical, social, and political process. From our perspective, this is complemented by considering initiatives related to the quantification of Indigenous peoples led by non-governmental organizations that took place in the 1970s and 1980s, preceding the inclusion of the Indigenous category in official statistics in the 1990s. Furthermore, we explore the centrality of issues related to visibility and forms of legibility of Indigenous peoples' sociocultural configurations, as well as how they were represented through demographic quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present research has evaluated the accessibility capabilities of the user interface environment of virtual teaching systems Methods: The research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a survey method of the type of revelatory evaluation. The statistical population is six virtual & real time teaching systems "Adobe Connect, sky room, Skype, Big Blue Button, Google Meet, Gharar". The research tool is the localized evaluation list corresponding to the virtual teaching systems inside the country in accordance with the evaluation indicators listed in ISO 9241, which indicators have been identified and prioritized using B. W.M. In order to answer the research questions, descriptive statistics and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) model decision making method were used. In this method, the points obtained from the evaluation of each software in each index were multiplied by the B. W.M. weighting coefficient determined for each index and based on the result, the user interface environment of the virtual teaching systems was compared with each other in terms of accessibility features. The research hypotheses were examined through the Kruskal-Walli's test. Results: After examining the accessibility features of the user interface of the studied virtual teaching systems, it was determined that Skype, Adobe Connect, Big Blue Button, Sky room, google Meet, respectively, and according to the features related to the accessibility has been ranked first to sixth. No significant difference was observed between of compliance with the evaluation indicators of the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of the virtual education systems in four general indicators in the systems. The highest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to pointer tools and compatibility with assistive technologies and the lowest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to keyboard input were detected in the studied community Conclusions: By using the findings of the present research, we can get a clear vision of the existing reality of the possibilities of virtual teaching systems. The findings of the present research are a guide for the selection and use of the mentioned systems for teachers, officials and managers of education centers. Therefore, conducting this research is necessary to explain the future horizons and it is hoped that it will have a significant contribution to improve the virtual education situation in the IRAN and the results of the research findings can be effective in improving the accessibility of these systems and educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Price equation partitions the change in the expected value of a population measure. The first component describes the partial change caused by altered frequencies. The second component describes the partial change caused by altered measurements. In biology, frequency changes often associate with the direct effect of natural selection. Measure changes reflect processes during transmission that alter trait values. More broadly, the two components describe the direct forces that change population composition and the altered frame of reference that changes measured values. The classic Price equation is limited to population statistics that can be expressed as the expected value of a measure. Many statistics cannot be expressed as expected values, such as the harmonic mean and the family of rescaled diversity measures. We generalize the Price equation to any population statistic that can be expressed as a function of frequencies and measurements. We obtain the generalized partition between the direct forces that cause frequency change and the altered frame of reference that changes measurements.

The Price equation partitions the change in the expected value of a population measure. The first component describes the partial change caused by altered frequencies. The second component describes the partial change caused by altered measurements. In biology, frequency changes often associate with the direct effect of natural selection. Measure changes reflect processes during transmission that alter trait values. More broadly, the two components describe the direct forces that change population composition and the altered frame of reference that changes measured values. The classic Price equation is limited to population statistics that can be expressed as the expected value of a measure. Many statistics cannot be expressed as expected values, such as the harmonic mean and the family of rescaled diversity measures. We generalize the Price equation to any population statistic that can be expressed as a function of frequencies and measurements. We obtain the generalized partition between the direct forces that cause frequency change and the altered frame of reference that changes measurements.

Abstract Background Implementation of new technologies into national health care systems requires careful capacity planning. This is sometimes informed by data from pilot studies that implement the technology on a small scale in selected areas. A critical consideration when using implementation pilot studies for capacity planning in the wider system is generalisability. We studied the feasibility of using publicly available national statistics to determine the degree to which results from a pilot might generalise for non-pilot areas, using the English human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening pilot as an exemplar. Methods From a publicly available source on population indicators in England (“Public Health Profiles”), we selected seven area-level indicators associated with cervical cancer incidence, to produce a framework for post-hoc pilot generalisability analysis. We supplemented these data by those from publicly available English Office for National Statistics modules. We compared pilot to non-pilot areas, and pilot regimens (pilot areas using the previous standard of care (cytology) vs. the new screening test (HPV)). For typical process indicators that inform real-world capacity planning in cancer screening, we used standardisation to re-weight the values directly observed in the pilot, to better reflect the wider population. A non-parametric quantile bootstrap was used to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CI) for differences in area-weighted means for indicators. Results The range of area-level statistics in pilot areas covered most of the spectrum observed in the wider population. Pilot areas were on average more deprived than non-pilot areas (average index of multiple deprivation 24.8 vs. 21.3; difference: 3.4, 95% CI: 0.2–6.6). Participants in HPV pilot areas were less deprived than those in cytology pilot areas, matching area-level statistics. Differences in average values of the other six indicators were less pronounced. The observed screening process indicators showed minimal change after standardisation for deprivation. Conclusions National statistical sources can be helpful in establishing the degree to which the types of areas outside pilot studies are represented, and the extent to which they match selected characteristics of the rest of the health care system ex-post. Our analysis lends support to extrapolation of process indicators from the HPV screening pilot across England.

Statistical population reconstruction models based on maximum likelihood and minimum chi-square objective functions provide a robust and versatile approach to estimating the demographic dynamics of harvested populations of wildlife. These models employ numerical optimization techniques to determine which set of model parameters best describes observed age-at-harvest, catch-effort, and other auxiliary field data. Although numerous optimization methods have been used in the past, the benefits of using particle swarm optimization (PSO) have yet to be explored. Using a harvested population of North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) in Indiana as a case study, we investigated the performance of population reconstruction using particle swarm optimization, spectral projected gradient (SPG), Nelder–Mead, and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) methods. We used Monte Carlo studies to simulate populations under a wide range of conditions to compare the relative performance of population reconstruction models using each of the four optimization methods. We found that using particle swarm optimization consistently and significantly improved model stability and precision when compared with other numerical optimization methods that may be used in statistical population reconstruction. Given that these models are frequently used to guide management decisions and set harvest limits, we encourage management agencies to adopt this more precise method of estimating model parameters and corresponding population abundance. These results illustrate the benefits of using particle swarm optimization, caution against relying on the results of population reconstruction based on optimization methods that are highly dependent on initial conditions, and reinforce the need to ensure model convergence to a global rather than a local maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying network architecture from observed neural activities is crucial in neuroscience studies. A key requirement is knowledge of the statistical input-output relation of single neurons in vivo. By utilizing an exact analytical solution of the spike-timing for leaky integrate-and-fire neurons under noisy inputs balanced near the threshold, we construct a framework that links synaptic type, strength, and spiking nonlinearity with the statistics of neuronal population activity. The framework explains structured pairwise and higher-order interactions of neurons receiving common inputs under different architectures. We compared the theoretical predictions with the activity of monkey and mouse V1 neurons and found that excitatory inputs given to pairs explained the observed sparse activity characterized by strong negative triple-wise interactions, thereby ruling out the alternative explanation by shared inhibition. Moreover, we showed that the strong interactions are a signature of excitatory rather than inhibitory inputs whenever the spontaneous rate is low. We present a guide map of neural interactions that help researchers to specify the hidden neuronal motifs underlying observed interactions found in empirical data. An analytical framework linking network architecture, neuronal nonlinearity and population activity offers a guide map to infer the hidden input architecture to neural trios from observed interactions in empirical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify the essentials of corporate MOOCs' application to leading organizations. This basic research was conducted using a qualitative research synthesis technique. The statistical population includes documents retrieved by searching the Persian and Latin web databases (n=165) using a criterion sampling method (2013-2020). A total of 73 sources were selected. Theoretical saturation of themes was reached by the 48th sample. In order to collect data, the library research method was used. The collected data were then analyzed using a thematic analysis technique. Finally, to validate the proposed model, a total of 6 experts in different fields were selected using a purposive sampling method, and they approved the final model after modifications. Based on the research findings, the essentials identified include the main personal, educational, and organizational themes. Clarification of the logic behind and reason for learning is among the essentials in designing and formulating any learning from virtual training (e-learning). This is of paramount importance, especially in learning based on corporate MOOCs as an innovation and transformation toward training and improving human resources. This logic prevents the possible resistance of managers and officials and even the organizations and corporations' staff themselves to learning using corporate MOOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are limited data available on incidence and survival of patients with choroid plexus tumors (CPT). This study provides the most current epidemiological analysis of choroid plexus tumors from 2004 to 2017 in the United States. Methods Data on 2013 patients with CPT were acquired from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute, from 2004 to 2017. CPT cases were classified by the following pathological subtypes: choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). Frequencies and age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) per 100 000 and rate ratios per 100 000 (IRR) were reported for age, sex, race, and ethnicity for each pathological subtype with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Using CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries survival database, survival curves and hazard ratios (HRs) evaluated overall survival from 2001 to 2016. Results CPP had the highest overall incidence (AAIR: 0.034, 95% CI: 0.033–0.036), followed by CPC (AAIR: 0.008, 95% CI: 0.008–0.009) and aCPP (AAIR: 0.005, 95% CI: 0.005–0.006). Incidence was highest among children less than one year old among all subtypes (CPP AAIR: 0.278; aCPP AAIR: 0.140; CPC AAIR: 0.195), reducing as patients aged. Overall survival was worse among patients with CPC, being five times more likely to die compared to patients with CPP (HR: 5.23, 95% CI: 4.05–7.54, P  < .001). Conclusions This analysis is the most current and comprehensive study in the US on the incidence and survival for CPT. Population based statistics provide critical information in understanding disease characteristics, which impact patient care and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rectangular cartogram is a kind of graphical representation that uses a rectangular area to represent the attributes of geographical objects and is widely used in the representation of statistical data such as population, economic statistics, and epidemic distribution. However, there is currently little research on the effectiveness of rectangular cartograms for conveying quantitative data. In this paper, the rectangular cartogram and unclassed choropleth map are compared to evaluate the rectangular cartogram's effectiveness in quantity representation through task-driven eye-tracking cognitive experiments. In addition, the accuracy and efficiency of information communication and the differences in the reading processes of map readers when using the two types of maps for different tasks have been analyzed to provide references for more effective use of rectangular cartograms in the future. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) it has been proven by experiments that when completing the four tasks of locate, compare, find extreme, and estimate, the participants have higher accuracy rates with the rectangular cartogram; (2) the reading process shown by the eye tracking experiment shows that the more complex the task is, the more patient the participants would be with the rectangular cartogram, and the more pronounced the advantages of the rectangular cartogram are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a local and regional level, climate change has had a significant impact on precipitation in the global climatic state. The purpose of this research is to examine the trend and character of urban precipitation in the world's most densely inhabited metropolis. From 1981 to 2020, 40 years of monthly and annual precipitation data from 50 major metropolitan cities throughout the world, based on population statistics, were analysed. The monthly and annual precipitation analysis was done using a homogeneity test, shifting point test, non-parametric Modified Mann Kendall test, and also through computing the magnitude of the trend using Sen's slope estimate. According to the findings of the study, the most homogeneous data was obtained in May (90 %) and the least in September (74%). In 2002, the highest number of breakpoints were found in July (9 cities) and August (8 cities). The month of January has the largest significant positive trend (10 cities) whereas annually it has 20 cities. The monthly maximum of the significant negative trend was discovered in February (4 cities) and annually in 2 main cities. In November, the maximum positive and minimum positive Sen's slope values were found to be 82% and 56%, respectively. The findings of this study are important for future water resource projections, flood or drought predictions, and engineering, scientific, industrial, agricultural, and social studies. The goal of this research is to come up with a good plan for dealing with urban flash floods and droughts as precipitation acts as the key parameter of the hydrological cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural arts events (triennials/festivals) are mainly aimed at local and regional revitalization. This exhibition-driven tourism (unlike traditional festivals, conferences, and exhibitions) has existed for more than 20 years in Japan. The curators of exhibition-driven tourism hope that these events can promote the economy and stop population decline as a result of the aging population. Therefore, this paper attempts to evaluate the effects of urban and rural arts event tourism in local and neighborhood areas in Niigata, Japan from the perspective of SDG 8.9. The Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial and Water and Land Niigata Art Festival were chosen as case studies. Panel data (1997–2019) concerning tourists, income, and population in Niigata were evaluated using multiple empirical methods with descriptive correlation statistics (simple linear regression (SLR) and one-way ANOVA) and spatial analysis (Moran's I). Through multiple-method analysis, the positive impacts of urban and rural arts event tourism in local and neighborhood areas in relation to Sustainable Development Goal 8.9 were evaluated. The findings presented herein have meaningful implications for tourism academia and the industry in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the nature of the spread of SARS-CoV-2, strong regional patterns in the fatal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic related to local characteristics such as population and health care infrastructures were to be expected. In this paper we conduct a detailed examination of the spatial correlation of deaths in the first year of the pandemic in two neighbouring countries – Germany and Poland, which, among high income countries, seem particularly different in terms of the death toll associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis aims to yield evidence that spatial patterns of mortality can provide important clues as to the reasons behind significant differences in the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in these two countries. Methods: Based on official health and population statistics on the level of counties, we explore the spatial nature of mortality in 2020 in the two countries – which, as we show, reflects important contextual differences. We investigate three different measures of deaths: the officially recorded COVID-19 deaths, the total values of excessive deaths and the difference between the two. We link them to important pre-pandemic regional characteristics such as population, health care and economic conditions in multivariate spatial autoregressive models. From the point of view of pandemic related fatalities we stress the distinction between direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19, separating the latter further into two types, the spatial nature of which is likely to differ. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic led to much more excess deaths in Poland than in Germany. Detailed spatial analysis of deaths at the regional level shows a consistent pattern of deaths officially registered as related to COVID-19. For excess deaths, however, we find strong spatial correlation in Germany but little such evidence in Poland. Conclusions: In contrast to Germany, for Poland we do not observe the expected spatial pattern of total excess deaths and the excess deaths over and above the official COVID-19 deaths. This difference cannot be explained by pre-pandemic regional factors such as economic and population structures or by healthcare infrastructure. The findings point to the need for alternative explanations related to the Polish policy reaction to the pandemic and failures in the areas of healthcare and public health, which resulted in a massive loss of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amygdala plays a role in emotion, learning, and memory and has been implicated in behavioral disorders. Better understanding of the amygdala circuitry is crucial to develop new therapies for these disorders. We used data from 200 healthy-subjects from the human connectome project. Using probabilistic tractography, we created population statistical maps of amygdala connectivity to brain regions involved in limbic, associative, memory, and reward circuits. Based on the amygdala connectivity with these regions, we applied k-means clustering to parcellate the amygdala into three clusters. The resultant clusters were averaged across all subjects and the main white-matter pathways of the amygdala from each averaged cluster were generated. Amygdala parcellation into three clusters showed a medial-to-lateral pattern. The medial cluster corresponded with the centromedial and cortical nuclei, the basal cluster with the basal nuclei and the lateral cluster with the lateral nuclei. The connectivity analysis revealed different white-matter pathways consistent with the anatomy of the amygdala circuit. This in vivo connectivity-based parcellation of the amygdala delineates three clusters of the amygdala in a mediolateral pattern based on its connectivity with brain areas involved in cognition, memory, emotion, and reward. The human amygdala circuit presented in this work provides the first step for personalized amygdala circuit mapping for patients with behavioral disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies reporting statistically significant effect estimates tend to be more frequently published compared to studies reporting non-significant or equivalent estimates. Consequently, this may lead to distortion of the literature. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of reporting statistically significant effect estimates in leading oral health journals and to explore associations between the effect estimates and record characteristics. Methods: An electronic database search was undertaken of a selection of leading oral health journals including general oral health journals to identify primary oral health records published in 2019. Descriptive statistics and population average GEE logistic regression model was used to assess associations between articles reporting a statistically significant effect estimate and the record characteristics. Results: In 1335 records, 82.4% records reported a statistically significant effect estimate. All speciality journals compared to general oral health journals were less likely to publish a record with significant effect estimates. Authors based in Asia or other (OR 1.49; 95% CI :1.02,2.19; p = 0.037) were more likely to report significant effect estimates compared to those based in Europe. Interventional (OR 0.35; 0.22,0.58; p < 0.001) and observational (OR 0.56; 0.36, 0.89; p = 0.013) records were less likely to report significant effect estimates compared to in-vitro studies. Registered records were less likely to report significant effect estimates when compared to non-registered studies (OR 0.22; 95% CI :0.14,0.32; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The publishing of records with significant effect estimates is prevalent within the oral health literature. To reduce dissemination bias and overestimation of effect sizes in systematic reviews, the publishing of studies with non-significant or equivalent effect estimates should be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Hispanic population resulted in the almost complete elimination of the long-standing Hispanic mortality advantage relative to the non-Hispanic White population. However, it is unknown how COVID-19 mortality affected the diverse Hispanic subpopulations. OBJECTIVE We estimate life expectancy at birth in 2019 and 2020 by select Hispanic country/region of origin and explore how changes in age-specific all-cause and COVID-19 mortality affected changes in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 for each group. METHODS We use final 2019 and 2020 mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics and population estimates based on the 2019 and 2020 American Community Survey. We calculate life tables and apply decomposition techniques to explore the effects of changes in age- and cause-specific mortality on life expectancy. RESULTS Patterns of age- and cause-specific excess deaths and their impact on declines in life expectancy due to the COVID-19 pandemic differed substantially by Hispanic subgroup. Life expectancy losses ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 years among males and from 0.6 to 3.6 years among females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the heterogeneous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within the Hispanic population. CONTRIBUTIONS Our findings contribute new information that will help future researchers identify the causes of the disproportionately severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Hispanic population. Our study underscores the importance of population disaggregation in endeavors to identify the multiple pathways by which the pandemic affected the Hispanic population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Overarching Issues of the European Space (Série Demográfica) is the property of Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the education system of Kosovo for about 15 years in a row, inclusion was and is a matter of discussion, better said the inclusion of children with special needs in regular schools and classes. This research, entitled " Inclusive Education in Contemporary School of Kosovo", aims to assess the challenges and difficulties that inclusive education has, namely teachers in the real implementation of inclusiveness. So, through this research we aim to know what are the challenges and difficulties of the inclusive school in the development of children with special needs and to conclude how to alleviate those challenges so that the development of children with special needs bigger life. The field of study of this research is exploratory, explanatory and analytical, because it first aims to explore-research data on the work of educational institutions in the realization of inclusiveness, then it aims to explain these data by correctly clarifying the difficulties and challenges of inclusive education and in the end, it aims to analyze the data, coming to a conclusion about what the solutions are so that the challenges of comprehensive education are as few as possible and this type of education is implemented properly in the schools of Kosovo From this study we come to the conclusion that the main difficulties of inclusiveness in Kosovo are the large number of students in inclusive classes and the lack of assistants. The research is quantitative in nature, where the population of this study is 100 teachers of students with special needs of the inclusive school/class, participants from schools in Kosovo. A questionnaire was designed as a measuring instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Rural Research is the property of Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While the global population continues to rise, many regions are experiencing population decline due to low fertility, outmigration or, most often, a combination of the two trends - and many more are forecast to do so in the future. Economic and demographic theories have so far been unable to offer an unambiguous prediction regarding the consequences of population decline. The 2023 volume of the Vienna Yearbook, "The causes and consequences of depopulation", provides a wide variety of perspectives on population decline, illustrating that it is a highly multifaceted issue, and that there are no simple theoretical or empirical applications for understanding its causes and consequences, or the potential responses to it. The Debate contributions provide a broader viewof and reflections on population decline, while also highlighting the benefits and opportunities associated with it, and ways to manage population changes globally. In contrast, the research articles tend to focus on the challenges of shrinking population that are experienced at a local level. This Introduction gives an overview of the contributions in this volume and the different perspectives they offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica Boliviana is the property of Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Facultad de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since their discovery in the region in 2009, invasive Indonesian- native lionfish have been taking over the Belize Barrier Reef. As a result, populations of local species have dwindled as they are either eaten or outcompeted by the invaders. This has led to devastating losses ecologically and economically; massive industries in the local nations, such as fisheries and tourism, have suffered greatly. Attempting to combat this, local organizations, from nonprofits to ecotourism companies, have been manually spear- hunting them on scuba dives to cull the population. One such company, Reef Conservation Institute (ReefCI), operating out of Tom Owens Caye outside of Placencia, Belize, has dissected their caught lionfish for the past three years and kept logs of results. With little to no studies reliably indexing the Belizean lionfish population, this data set provides a priceless opportunity to take a first look and probe further questions about this relatively unstudied population. This project accomplished this by computing various population statistics using these records, including the differences in sex ratio, presence of supraorbital tentacles, length, age, and more. The results and combinations of these factors provide new insight on current theories surrounding lionfish and their anatomy, but more importantly it opens new questions, the answers to which can shed light on new techniques to more efficiently cull the population for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the application of the theoretical model of epidemiological development of COVID-19 disease among the regional population based on the statistical data in Chernivtsi region of Ukraine for the period from March 2020 to June 2021. Using these data, a mathematical assessment of the values of the main parameters of the compartmental model (SIR) β and γ was performed and the analysis of the relationship between the values of β and γ and antiepidemiological measures was carried out for the region. Determining the parameters β and γ based on available statistics allows us to predict the duration of precautionary measures such as quarantine, lockdown, border closure and predict the effectiveness of their implementation as well. The analysis of statistical data showed the moderate effectiveness of quarantine and lockdown in changing the daily rates of infected and recovered people, while the dynamics of the epidemic development during these periods changed from negative to positive. The introduction of vaccination has shown the significant reduction in the daily rate of infected people and the substantial increase in the daily rate of the recovered people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The current research aimed to evaluate the level of environmental knowledge, attitude, and performance of the citizens of Mazandaran province in 2021. Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, the level of environmental knowledge, attitude, and performance of the citizens of Mazandaran province were evaluated. The statistical population of the research (384 people) was selected by simple random method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire whose reliability was determined in previous studies was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Using Pearson's correlation test, the relationship between knowledge and environmental performance was analyzed. Results: Among the 384 participants, only 135 answered all the questions. The results of the study showed that, despite the average knowledge of the citizens, the environmental performance is at a good level. The average score of environmental knowledge, attitude, and performance was 5.93±2.06, 47.67±9.30, and 58.70±12.69 respectively, and the most source of obtaining environmental information is television (46.7 percent) and social conversations (19.3 percent). The results of Pearson's correlation test show that there was a significant relationship between the awareness and environmental performance of citizens (p<0.05). Conclusion: Despite the average knowledge of the citizens, their environmental performance was at a good level, but according to several reports, the Mazandaran province's environmental indicators are not in good condition, which indicates that probably mechanisms and other factors such as environmental policies and economic factors also affect people's environmental performance, which should be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across the European Union (EU) Local Administrative Units (LAUs), populations are experiencing persisting differences in their age structures that can only be interpreted accounting for migration and mobility components. Yet, in the absence of census data, migration patterns of local populations are not available from EU‐official statistics. To fill the gaps, we firstly combine census data with statistics available from the National Statistical Institutes of the EU‐Member Sates in a harmonised database on age‐specific population structures, covering all EU‐LAUs for the period 2011−2019. Secondly, we apply model life tables to assess changes by cohort over the intercensal period and provide estimates of age‐specific net migration rates at LAU levels. The analysis reveals how migration dynamics vary along demographic patterns and to what extent differences are related to the degree of urbanisation and territorial characteristics (distance from city centres, remoteness, population change, GDP per‐capita and poverty level) across the EU municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spatial Planning is the property of University of Isfahan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Marketing Research Journal is the property of University of Isfahan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of the desire for revenge and avoidance of customers, caused by the feeling of perceived betrayal, is very important in service industries. Compared to hotels with stronger services, those with weaker services are more likely to suffer losses due to negative customer behavior. When customers receive services that are less than their expectations, the desire for revenge and avoidance is created. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effects of the psychological contract breach and perceived betrayal on the desire for revenge and avoidance among customers of luxury hotels. This study is practical in purpose, correlational descriptive in nature, and survey-type in terms of the method of data collection. The statistical population was 331 customers of luxury hotels, who expressed their opinion through a ‘psychological contract breach’ questionnaire taken from Hai-Ming et al. (2020), ‘perceived betrayal, desire for revenge, and desire to avoid’ questionnaire taken from Rasouli et al. (2022). Structural equation modeling with SMART-PLS software was used to analyze the data. The findings show a significant effect of psychological contract breach on brand hatred. It was also shown that brand hatred has a positive and significant effect on the desire for revenge and avoidance. Consequently, focusing on creating and developing psychological contracts and avoiding betrayal, and being honest with customers can reduce the desire for revenge and retaliatory behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the implementation of the strategic plan and the performance of the hospital. The importance of knowing the factors affecting the implementation of the strategic plan and its identification leads to better planning and the correct implementation of the strategic planning process. Methods: The current research is a descriptive analytical research, in terms of cross-sectional time and practical results, and it was carried out in 2018. The research population is all the people who have played a role in the drafting of the strategic plan. This research has used the census, which filled the questionnaire in a high percentage of the statistical population. After collecting the data, the information was entered into the software and SPSS version 16 software was used to analyze the data. Findings: The relationship between the implementation of the strategic plan and the performance of the hospital is direct and strong. Among all parts of the strategic plan, customer management plays a more important role than other parts of the strategic plan in improving the performance of the hospital. Conclusion: In order to have optimal performance in a hospital, we need detailed strategic planning, and this plan must be implemented carefully and properly monitored so that it can bring us optimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]