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Aims: This systematic review aims to explore the lived experiences of young gang members to explore the processes that mediate gang membership and offending. Rationale: Gang membership disproportionately effects young people (Home Office, 2016). The link between gang membership and inordinately high levels of severe offending characteristics is well represented in research (Thornberry, 1998). However, the processes that mediate gang membership and offending are poorly understood (Melde & Esbensen, 2011). Young gang members are often passively conceptualised within research and need to have their voices uncovered to better elucidate the psychological processes that link gang membership to offending. Method: A systematic review of qualitative research was carried out following the Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for reporting (Moher et al., 2009), Six papers were identified which represented samples from both the UK and US. These were reviewed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist (2016) and were subsequently analysed using thematic synthesis. Findings: Young gang members associated offending with its role in reinforcing a community of belonging, providing material and non-material capital and as a response to living within an oppressive context. Conclusions: This research suggests that the internal psychological processes within a gang play an important interacting role with the external marginalised contexts they occupy. Implications of the need for policy, research and practice to better account for this are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore and investigate young people's considerations and attitudes around sexting using a unique, qualitative approach. To generate research in this area from young people's perspectives. Method/Rationale: The study used vignettes in focus groups to explore young people's considerations and attitudes towards the consequences of sexting and analysed the data using thematic analysis (Braun & Clark, 2006). Sexting is under-researched, particularly given the diverse psychosocial consequences which typically arise when an image travels beyond the intended recipient. This study aims to contribute to the developing understanding of this seemingly increasingly prevalent behaviour. Findings/Implications: Specific implications for Educational Psychologists in relation to consultation, intervention, training and research are outlined. Limitations: Sample size and generalisability of findings typical to smaller scale studies. Discussion: Considering and applying adolescent cognitive development supports the finding that consequences are rarely considered when engaging in sexting. There are complex attitudinal responses reported by young people when considering the consequences of sexting. Conclusion: As an alternative to an abstinence approach, a more effective approach might be to engage young people in a depersonalised, compensatory, non-judgemental discussion of the legal and psychosocial implications and consequences that can potentially arise from participating in sexting. This could lead to the development of an understanding for young people of rules and etiquette for participating in sexting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Domestic violence (DV) and abuse in teenage intimate relationships, or teenage partner violence (TPV), is a prevalent but hidden issue, the impact of which can include mental health problems, self-harm and suicidal thoughts. This study sought to gain young people's views on awareness, prevention, intervention and regaining a sense of wellbeing following the experience of an unhealthy relationship. Method: 310 mainstream school pupils aged 14-18 (161 girls and 149 boys) completed questionnaires and were subsequently invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. In addition, four young women with personal experience of TPV who had sought help from a DV prevention organisation participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings: Participants felt there is a lack of awareness and understanding of TPV amongst young people and adults, as well as uncertainty and confusion amongst young people over healthy/unhealthy behaviours. There was a desire for earlier, more regular, more interactive, more relevant and more accessible education and information, for someone to talk to confidentially and for help to build confidence and self-esteem. Limitations: There was little cultural or ethnic diversity amongst the participants in this study. No young men known to have personal experience of TPV were represented. Conclusion: TPV is a prevalent but hidden problem that affects both girls and boys and can have a serious negative impact on a young person's mental health and wellbeing. Educational psychologists are well placed to help schools address the issues related to TPV highlighted in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shujaaz media seek to improve the lives of Kenyan youth by norming and stimulating positive health behaviours, and incentivizing income generation activities. This study evaluates the impact of Shujaaz using data collected over a 2-year period from a cohort of 700 youth aged 15-24 years. Multivariate correlated random-effects regression models were used to estimate the impact of exposure to analogue (comic and radio) and digital Shujaaz media (social media and SMS) on attitudes, norms and behaviours around family planning and income generation. Shujaaz analogue media were associated with intermediate outcomes; digital media were associated with a 18.1 percentage point increase in ever using condoms and a 19.0 percentage point increase in recommending the use of condoms to friends and partners. Additionally, both analogue and digital media were associated with improved income-generating outcomes. Importantly, exposure to digital media was associated with a KSH 2,096 (US$20.9) increase in monthly income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Emotion regulation is thought to be an important transdiagnostic process across internalizing disorders in youth, and the regulation of emotions is believed to play a central role in both adaptive and maladaptive development. Several preventive interventions focus on improving children's emotion regulation skills, but research regarding the outcomes of emotion regulation skills are scarce.Methods: We therefore investigated whether a new transdiagnostic indicated prevention intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms, the EMOTION program, improves emotion regulation skills as reported by parents of children aged 8-12 years. Data from a large national cluster randomized control trial (RCT) study, Coping Kids, performed in Norway were used, including data from 601 children and their parents.Results: Using mixed models, we found a decrease in dysregulation of emotions (Δ  =  .06, CI  =  (0.00 to.11), p =  .040) and an increase in emotion regulation (Δ  =  .11, CI  =  (0.05 to.17) p  <  .001) in the intervention group compared to the control group.Conclusions: The EMOTION intervention has a potential positive effect on children's emotional regulation skills. One opportunity in transdiagnostic interventions lies in targeting common underlying processes in internalizing disorders and thereby reaching a larger proportion of the youth population than is possible with single-disorder approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the roles that youth involvement and youth trainee-trainer alliance play in school mental health prevention within the context of youth suicide gatekeeper training. Measures included youth involvement in programming, trainee-trainer alliance, and intentions to refer at-risk youth at pre- and post-training. A moderated-mediation design was used to examine associations among these factors. Results show alliance mediating pre- and post-training referral intentions, and involvement moderating the relationship between alliance and post-training intentions. On average, trainee intentions improved from pre- to post-training, but trainees reporting high alliance endorsed higher post-training referral intentions regardless of involvement level. Low alliance resulted in lower than average post-training referral intentions, even with active involvement in programming, and those with both low alliance and involvement showed the lowest post-training referral intentions. Given these findings, fostering the youth trainee-trainer relationship may be an avenue to optimize prevention program effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research indicates that physical activity (PA) positively impacts cognitive function in youth. However, not all forms of PA benefit cognition equally. The purpose of this review was to determine the effect of different types of chronic PA interventions on cognition in children and adolescents. A systematic search of electronic databases and examination of the reference lists of relevant studies resulted in the identification of 28 studies. Seven categories of PA were identified, based on all possible combinations of three types of PA (aerobic, motor skill, cognitively engaging), and four comparison groups (no treatment, academic, traditional physical education (PE), aerobic). Effect sizes were calculated based on means and SDs at the post-test using Hedge's g formula, which includes a correction for small sample bias. Each study was only entered once in each intervention-comparator category. Full data were provided from 21 studies (28 effect sizes; n = 2042 intervention; n = 2002 comparison group). Overall, chronic PA interventions had a significant small-to-moderate effect on cognition (0.46). Moderate significant positive effects were identified when PA interventions were compared to no treatment (0.86) or academic content (0.57). A non-significant effect was noted when PA interventions were compared to traditional PE (0.09) or aerobic group (0.80). However, high heterogeneity in pooled effect sizes suggests that important differences in the qualitative characteristics of the PA intervention and comparison interventions may exist. Effect sizes based on comparisons between different types of PA interventions and comparison groups are discussed in order to identify possible directions for future investigations. We conclude that chronic PA interventions have a positive impact on cognitive function in youth, but more systematic research is needed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display disruptive behaviors, yet few of the available treatments for such behaviors have been effective with this clinical population. In the present study, the authors examined outcomes for youths with ASD who participated in a randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy (MST), a treatment that has previously been adapted for a variety of complex problem behaviors in youths. Participants were youths with an ASD diagnosis and comorbid disruptive behaviors (N = 15) who were randomized to MST or usual community services. Measures of youth-, parent-, and family-level outcomes were obtained at 6 and 12 months postrecruitment. Findings indicated that MST was more effective that usual community services in improving family functioning and ameliorating youth problem behaviors. The present study represents the first clinical trial of MST for youths with ASD and comorbid disruptive behaviors. The results suggest that intensive family-based treatments such as MST hold considerable promise with this clinical population. The implications of these findings for the continued development and evaluation of effective treatments for ASD are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of the current study was to determine how a set of social cognitive factors predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence in youth living with HIV in an era of newer highly active ART medications using a conceptual model.Methods: Behaviorally infected youth living with HIV ages 13-24 (N = 822) from 14 sites within the Adolescent Medicine Trials Unit (AMTU) were included in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to explore predictors of ART medication adherence.Results: Results found that motivational readiness for ART was related to higher ART medication adherence, which was associated with lower viral load. Higher social support and higher self-efficacy had an indirect relationship with higher adherence through increased motivational readiness. Fewer psychological symptoms were associated with higher social support and higher self-efficacy. Lower substance use was directly associated with lower adherence.Conclusions: The results provide insight into factors that may be related to adherence in youth living with HIV. Findings suggest focusing on motivational readiness to increase adherence. Improving the patients' ART self-efficacy and strengthening their social support networks during treatment can increase motivational readiness for ART treatment. Furthermore, programs maybe more effective with the inclusion of risk reduction components especially those related to substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the development of a four-week group counseling intervention, East West Connection (EWC), designed to foster bicultural identity development among East Asian American (EAA) youth. The program aims to promote well-being and decrease culturally based conflicts. The authors outline the program, discuss the strengths and challenges, and present the implications for counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Discourse: Journal of Childhood & Adolescense Research / Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study conducted a Focus Group Interview (FGI) on college students to identify single-person households and Solitary Deaths of single-person households recognized by college students. This can be provided as basic data to address problems in single-person households and social problems such as future youth solitary death and will contribute to building a social safety net. This study conducted FGI to analyze data for five fourth graders majoring in social welfare. In the case of involuntary independent living, the high poverty and unemployment rate of single-person households was cited as the cause of economic instability, housing problems and emotional relationship formation. He said that he thinks about young loneliness because he has vague fears about what happens in the media and what can happen to them. As the number of young single-person households will inevitably increase in the coming months and economic difficulties are the biggest problem and the biggest cause of young solitude, institutional support is needed first, especially for housing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with anxiety disorders tend to focus on unpleasant and threatening stimuli. Our aims were to evaluate: (1) the presence of paranoid ideation, and the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias in young suffering from an anxiety disorder and (2) the effectiveness of a cognitive‐behavioural intervention (CBT) to manage anxiety combined with 2 modules to reduce the JTC bias. Methods: Psychopathology, social functioning, metacognition and the JTC bias were investigated in 60 subjects, randomly assigned to the experimental CBT group + treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) (n = 35) or to a wait‐list group (n = 25) receiving only TAU. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups based on the score of the SCL‐90 subscale paranoid ideation (high paranoid ideation, HP; low paranoid ideation, LP). The experimental group received a weekly session of a CBT for a 3‐month period. Results: At baseline, 46.7% of our sample showed a HP and 38% showed a JTC biasAt the end of the intervention, greater effectiveness in improving anxious symptoms, paranoid ideation, interpersonal sensitivity and interpersonal relationship was reported in the experimental CBT + TAU group, with a statistically significant reduction of the JTC bias, displayed by 14.3% of the experimental group versus the 36% of the TAU group. In the same variables, greater benefits were reported for the HP experimental subgroup. Conclusions: Our study suggests the gains to integrate an anxiety CBT with modules to reduce the JTC bias in subjects with paranoid ideation, which may negatively impact the course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a critical discussion of the socio-demographic factors which determine leaving parental home and provides new empirical evidence of gendered differences in leaving the parental home in Spain. The study is based on a subsample of young people 19 to 29 years old included in the Youth 2012 survey, which was carried out in Spain by the Youth Institute. Our findings address the importance of employment status, having a partner, and the labour situation to leave home among men. The most important factor affecting early residential leaving home among women seems to be the partnership (marriage or cohabitation), while employment status does not appear to be significant. Economic support from parents is negatively correlated with the odds of being living out of the parental home for both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : This study aimed to clarify the child-rearing improvement approach in Japan by evaluating the 'Personality Maturity' of Japanese youth and Finnish young adult students. Methods : The cross-sectional survey was carried out on the Internet with youth aged 18-25 using the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) scales. In total, 865 Japanese youth were recruited from GMO-Research Monitors and 898 Finnish young adult students were recruited from Tampere University; 762 Japanese youth and 896 Finnish young adult students responded to all 13 SOC and 42 EPSI questions. Results : Mean total and subscale scores of Japanese youth were lower than those of Finnish young adult students for both EPSI and SOC. We found a strong, negative correlation (r = −.685) in Japan and a strong, positive correlation in Finland (r = .831) between total EPSI and SOC scores. Conclusions : Japanese youth showed stronger development of either EPSI or SOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation examined the underlying role of anxiety sensitivity and its facets in the association between emotion dysregulation and three of the most prevalent and debilitating symptom classes among trauma-exposed psychiatric inpatient youth: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. Participants (N = 50; 52.0% female; Mage = 15.1 years, SD = .51, range 12-17 years) completed an assessment battery that included measures of emotion dysregulation anxiety sensitivity, PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Consistent with hypotheses, the global construct of anxiety sensitivity, as well as its mental incapacitation concerns and disease concerns facets, explained, in part, associations between emotion dysregulation and the three symptom classes. The study results provide novel and clinically meaningful findings regarding the potential mechanistic role of anxiety sensitivity in the relation of emotion dysregulation to PTSD and internalizing symptoms among trauma-exposed inpatient adolescents. As such, findings underscore the potential value of targeting anxiety sensitivity in general, and mental incapacitation and disease concerns specifically, as a means of reducing risk for internalizing psychopathology among trauma-exposed inpatient youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays small cities often lose population. In countries which are forerunners of the demographic transition, depopulation is mainly driven by out‐migration of youth. Through a case study of students from small Russian cities, this paper explores the nature of the association between local identity (LI) and migration intentions. The study suggests that young people with a stronger LI are on average more prone to return to their native cities after graduation. This 'traditional' relationship may be related to the difficulties in maintaining strong ties to a place of personal significance when not residing there in the Russian context. However, overall, youth tend towards a negative association with their cities and LI is formed as an opposition: the denial of place validity. Therefore, both way associations are possible. While a strong LI may influence the intention to migrate, it may also develop as an adaptation mechanism for those forced to return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekonomski Vjesnik is the property of Ekonomski Vjesnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internet on the e-lifestyle of the youth of emerging markets (EMs) in contemporary digital world using Ghanaian youth as a case study.Design/methodology/approach Survey data were obtained from students of five leading universities in Accra, the nation’s capital, between February and June 2017. Of the 300 questionnaires administered, 276 were usable representing 92 per cent collection rate. Respondents were randomly approached and oriented on the object of the study and asked to complete the instrument voluntarily using the face-to-face approach at student events. Both the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the structural equation modelling procedure of partial least square (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the data.Findings From the study, drivers of the e-lifestyle of youth in EMs were listed in order of importance: socio-importance, interest, entertainment, necessity, novelty, academic, transaction and concern needs. Surprisingly, the quest for academic information does not motivate the youth to surf the internet compared to aspiration to satisfy social, interest and entertainment-driven needs.Research limitations/implications E-lifestyle addiction compels the youth to surf the internet via mobile phones, computers and other devices for e-lifestyle satisfaction, requiring internet service providers, marketers and academics to develop innovative e-lifestyle products to stimulate continuous internet usage of internet by the youth.Practical implications This study provides practical insight for internet service providers, web and application developers and members of the academic community to consciously develop internet-based products that direct the youth towards fulfilling e-lifestyle motivation.Social implications The convergence of the youth on the internet will in no doubt impact social behaviour, thereby influencing lifestyles.Originality/value As very little work has been done on youth e-lifestyle in EMs, this study serves as a pioneering work in EMs using Ghanaian youth as a case study. Ironically, students of EMs spend less time on the internet doing academic concerns compared to social activities. Additionally, the importance of transaction (payments) needs as a driver of internet use among the youth has been emphasised in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Externalizing problems (EP), including rule-breaking, aggression, and criminal involvement, are highly prevalent during adolescence, but the adult outcomes of adolescents exhibiting EP are characterized by heterogeneity. Although many youths’ EP subside after adolescence, others’ persists into adulthood. Characterizing the development of severe EP is essential to prevention and intervention efforts. Multiple predictors of adult antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and legal outcomes of a large sample (N = 1205) of clinically- or legally-ascertained adolescents (ages 12–19 years) with severe EP were examined. Many psychosocial predictors hypothesized to predict persistence of EP demonstrated zero-order associations with adult outcomes, but accounted for little unique variation after accounting for baseline conduct disorder symptoms (CD) and demographic factors. Baseline measures of intelligence, which explained independent variation in legal outcomes, provided the only consistent exception to this pattern, though future work is needed to parse these effects from those of socioeconomic factors. CD severity during adolescence is a parsimonious index of liability for persistence of EP into adulthood that explains outcome variance above and beyond all other demographic and psychosocial predictors in this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the diagnostic and clinical utility of the parent-rated Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-P) for detecting youth anxiety disorders. Youth ages 6 to 12 years, 11 months were recruited from 9 outpatient mental health clinics (N = 707). Consensus diagnoses were based on semistructured interviews (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children) with youth and caregivers; 31% were diagnosed with at least one anxiety disorder. Caregivers completed the SCARED-P to describe youth anxiety levels. SCARED-P scores were not considered during the consensus diagnoses. Areas under the curve (AUCs) from receiver operating characteristic analyses and diagnostic likelihood ratios (DLRs) quantified performance of the SCARED-P total score and subscale scores (generalized anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder). SCARED-P total scores had variable efficiency (AUCs = .69-.88), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Separation Anxiety subscale scores were excellent (AUCs = .86-.89) for identifying specific anxiety disorders. Optimal subscale cutoff scores were computed to help rule in (DLRs = 2.7-5.4) or rule out (DLRs < 1.0) anxiety disorders among youth. Results suggest that the Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Separation Anxiety SCARED-P subscales accurately identify their respective matched diagnoses. DLRs may aid clinicians in screening for youth anxiety disorders and improve accuracy of diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent government policy in the United Kingdom has encouraged marginalized youth to acquire human and social capital in order to enhance their social mobility prospects. While literature observes how community-based organisations, such as sports clubs, hold potential to facilitate the accumulation of such capital, other scholarship has advocated that the acquisition of positive psychological capital—comprising of self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience—is equally necessary to actualise social mobility. However, few studies have explored how participation in community-based interventions may facilitate this form of capital. Utilizing data collected from youth participants and club coaches who engaged with a sport-based project delivered in London (UK), this article will focus on two main concerns. First, it will highlight how opportunities offered within community-based organisations may enable the development of positive psychological capital, and second, offer tentative insights into the conditions that are necessary to enhance elements of positive psychological capital through sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the multidimensional nature of soccer talent, recently there has been an increasing interest in psychological characteristics. The aim of this present research was to systematically review the predictive value of psychological talent predictors and provide better comprehension of the researchers’ methodological approaches and the empirical evidence for individual factors (i.e., psychomotor, perceptual-cognitive and personality-related). Results highlighted heterogeneous study designs (e.g., participants, measurement methods, statistical analyses) which may limit the comparability of studies’ findings. Analyzing the number of included studies, psychomotor (n = 10) and personality-related factors (n = 8) received more consideration within the literature than perceptual-cognitive factors (n = 4). In regard to empirical evidence, dribbling (0.47 ≤ d ≤ 1.24), ball control (0.57 ≤ d ≤ 1.28) and decision-making (d = 0.81) demonstrated good predictive values as well as the achievement motives hope for success (0.27 ≤ d ≤ 0.74) and fear of failure (0.21 ≤ d ≤ 0.30). In conclusion, there is growing acceptance of the need for more complex statistical analyses to predict future superior performance based on measures of current talent. New research addresses the necessity for large-scale studies that employ multidisciplinary test batteries to assess youth athletes at different age groups prospectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introductory analysis presents the content of the special issue entitled “Fifty years since ‘Identity: Youth and Crisis’: A renewed look at Erikson’s writings on identity.” The authors of the nine thought pieces that compose this special issue were invited to direct the attention of readers of Identity to aspects of Eriksonian thought that they believe have been left undeveloped or underdeveloped. A number of powerful and relevant topics were raised in this collection. Authors call upon identity scholars to engage more fully with the relational, contextual, interactional, and cultural components of Erikson’s theory, including analysis of identity development within the context of important relationships; the advent of the Internet as a context for identity development; and greater acknowledgement of the impact of forces of marginalization and oppression on identity development. In addition, articles in this special issue explore difficult or problematic aspects of identity development that have been relatively neglected in previous research, including negative identity, identity crisis, and pseudospeciation. A deeper analysis of epigenetic processes of development is offered, as is an analysis of Erikson’s implication of the unconscious in identity development. Together this collection of essays provides a framework for moving research based in Eriksonian theory forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative identity is an identity that is formed by identifying with roles opposed to societal expectations. This topic has been neglected in prior research, which only focused more consistently on positive identity. This article aims to discuss (1) the importance of the concept of negative identity in contemporary society, (2) the frameworks for empirical research on negative identity formation, and (3) the clinical interventions for youth with a negative identity. In particular, we propose that the concept of negative identity highlights the importance of sociocultural contexts that restrict positive identity development, especially for marginalized youth. This paper opens a novel path for researchers and clinicians regarding the understanding of negatively formed identities and enhances future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our contribution to this special issue devoted to reflections on Erik Erikson’s theorizing in Identity Youth and Crisis, 50 years later, we present the value of integrating attachment theory with Erikson’s conceptualization of identity development within a dynamic relational context. We attend closely to how internal working models of self and other link with identity development across time and relationships. We describe how attachment security, initially developed in early childhood, sets the stage for how adolescents’ approach identity formation processes and how both identity and attachment security operate together throughout adulthood. Three streams of research are offered for empirical examination of the identity-relational interface to elucidate processes and products of the intricate dance of identity and attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining therapist evidence-based practice (EBP) knowledge seems an important step for supporting successful implementation. Advances in implementation science suggest a distinction between practice specific (i.e., knowing which practices are derived from the evidence base) and EBP process (i.e., integrating research evidence, clinical experience, client characteristics, and monitoring outcomes) knowledge. An examination of how these knowledge types are measured and relate to attitudes appears warranted. In our sample of 58 youth community therapists, both practice specific and EBP process knowledge accounted for EBP attitude scores, which varied by therapist demographic variables. Implications for measurement of therapist constructs and future research in identifying therapist predictors of EBP use and youth clinical improvement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for negative peer influence has been well established in research, and there is a growing interest in how positive peer influence also impacts youth. No research, however, has concurrently examined positive and negative peer influence in the context of residential care. Clinical records for 886 residential care youth were used in a Hierarchical Linear Model analysis to examine the impact of negative and positive peer influence on naturally occurring patterns of serious problem behavior over time. Negative peer influence, where the majority of youth in a home manifested above the average number of serious behavior problems, occurred 13.7% of the time. Positive peer influence, where the majority of youth manifested no serious problem behaviors for the month, occurred 47.7% of the time. Overall, youth problem behavior improved over time. There were significantly lower rates of serious problem behavior in target youth during positive peer influence months. Conversely, there were significantly higher rates of serious problem behaviors in target youth during negative peer influence months. Negative peer influence had a relatively greater impact on target peers' serious behavior problems than did positive peer influence. Caregiver experience significantly reduced the impact of negative peer influence, but did not significantly augment positive peer influence. Months where negative peer influence was combined with inexperienced caregivers produced the highest rates of serious problem behavior. Our results support the view that residential programs for troubled youth need to create circumstances that promote positive and control for negative peer influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Psychologica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although gene × environment interactions contribute to youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, the pathways mediating these influences are unknown. We tested genetic moderation of indirect effects from parenting behavior to youth ADHD symptoms through multiple neurocognitive factors. Two hundred and twenty-nine youth with and without ADHD were assessed at baseline (Wave 1; ages 5-10) and at a 2-year follow-up (Wave 2; ages 7-13). At Wave 1, youth completed a neurocognitive battery including measures of response inhibition, visuospatial working memory, and fluid reasoning, and a standardized parent-child interaction task yielding observational measures of positive and negative parenting. At Wave 2, youth psychopathology was rated by parents and teachers using multiple methods (i.e., structured interview, rating scale). We employed moderated multiple mediation and compared conditional indirect effects across youth genotypes at two biologically plausible genetic loci. Controlling for parent ADHD symptoms as well as youth demographic factors and co-occurring externalizing symptoms, these genetic factors moderated the indirect effect from Wave 1 parenting to multi-method/informant Wave 2 ADHD symptoms through Wave 1 neurocognitive functioning. This preliminary study is the first to identify genetic moderation of mediated effects underlying ADHD symptoms and suggests that specific gene × parenting interactions may underlie neurocognitive functioning deficits and subsequent ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between young, disadvantaged, urban men and the rank-and-file officers who police them should be understood as layered structural, cultural and emotional phenomena. Using data from a multidimensional ethnographic project, this paper demonstrates that structural issues manifest in cultural scripts which place both groups in confrontation with each other. Within a tightly bound geographic district, competitiveness between them can be animated by intense emotionality. Frustration, humiliation, disdain and the potential for elation push both parties into behaviours that cannot be understood through discretion and confidence models of decision-making alone. Ultimately, through recognising how questions of inclusion/exclusion play out in simultaneously structural, cultural and emotive ways, the problems generated by negative interactions between the two groups might be meaningfully understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is an important risk factor for various forms of problem behaviors in adolescence, and research has often distinguished between reactive and proactive forms of aggression. The aim of the present study was to compare the psychometric properties (i.e., structural invariance, internal consistency, and criterion validity) of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) between males and females among a mixed-gender school sample of 782 Portuguese youth (M = 15.87 years, SD = 1.72). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a two-factor first-order structure obtained the best fit and cross-gender measurement invariance was demonstrated after excluding item 21. The Portuguese version of the RPQ demonstrated generally adequate psychometric properties of internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficient, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and known-groups validity. Findings are discussed in terms of the use of the RPQ with male and female youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although several studies have investigated the relationship between interscholastic athletic participation and delinquency, little attention has been given to younger populations. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between youth sport participation and deviant behavior among elementary school children. The study ascertained deviancy among youth sport participants and nonparticipanys and compared the profiles of youth sport participants and deviants on a selected cluster of eight sociopsychological variables. Of a total sample of 381 sixth-grade students, 278 (146 boys and 132 girls) were classified as youth sport participants. Overall, the results indicated a negative association between youth sport participation and deviancy. Although the study showed some similarities in the profiles of youth sport participants and deviants, important distinctions were found regarding the variables delinquent associates, peer status, and personal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes confirmatory factors of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in youth sport settings. Subject pool; Physical activity session; Completion of PACES questionnaire.

Youth impacted by homelessness experience diminished cognition due to a variety of reasons including mental health symptoms, alcohol and substance use, and adverse childhood experiences. However, the status of specific brain regions which could impact important cognitive functions in homeless youth remains unclear. In this pilot comparative and correlational study, a series of demographic, psychological, cognitive assessments, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 10 male youth experiencing homelessness and 9 age-matched healthy male controls (age range: 18-25 years). Participants experiencing homelessness had significantly decreased regional brain gray matter tissue in comparison to the controls. Moreover, there were strong inverse correlations between the brain regions classically associated with executive decision-making (prefrontal cortices), depression (insular lobes), and conflict resolution (anterior cingulate), and the level of the symptoms detected by their questionnaires.

Social support and benefit finding are two related processes that may protect youth from the adverse effects of caring for an ill parent. The primary purpose of this study was to test a mediational model proposal that benefit finding mediates the effects of social support and caregiving on youth adjustment in the context of parental illness. Given the dearth of research on benefit finding in the youth caregiving field, an additional aim was to further clarify the benefit finding construct in the parental illness context. A total of 428 Australian youth (mean age 12.77 years) who had a parent with a serious health problem completed a questionnaire. Exploration of the benefit finding construct showed that it was unidimensional, relevant to youth caregivers, unrelated to measured demographics, but highly linked to caregiving demands and engagement. Results from path modelling analysis supported the mediational model proposal that benefit finding mediates the effects of social support and caregiving on youth adjustment. While caregiving responsibilities in general has a detrimental effect on adjustment, a small counter-balancing indirect effect was detected via the role of increased benefit finding due to caregiving responsibilities. Most of the benefit finding research in youth has been conducted in the context of trauma, where parental support is a significant protective factor. This study makes an important contribution to understanding benefit finding and social support processes in the context of a chronic stressor where one of the usual sources (parents) of significant coping support is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the attitudes of young people from different cultural backgrounds in Hong Kong toward social justice, in particular those regarding gender, racial/ethnic equalities, and immigrant rights. Among the sample of 15,428 adolescents, aged 12 to 19, 7.1% were South Asians, 15.5% were immigrants from mainland China, 4.1% were cross-boundary students, 73% were Hong Kong mainstream Chinese, and 0.3% did not indicate. Their civic attitudes were assessed by the adapted International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) (2009) questionnaire instrument. Latent means analysis (LMA) was conducted and the findings concluded that, compared with Hong Kong mainstream students (HKMS), South Asian (SA) students reported a statistically significant lower score on gender equality and significantly higher score on racial/ethnic equality and immigrants' rights. In contrast, both Cross-Boundary students (CBS) and Chinese Immigrant students (CIS) rated significantly higher on items relating to racial/ethnic equality and immigrants' rights, as compared with their HKMS counterparts. Regression analyses were also utilized to investigate how demographic variables predicted the latent variables. Specifically, regression analyses of different student groups on social justice issues were discussed to compare how demographic variables contributed to the subjective perceptions of these rights and responsibilities. Policy implications were drawn with reference to the data and recommendations for improvement were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by ecological, work-family spillover and crossover frameworks, this study examined mechanisms linking parental work travel (i.e. nights per year) to youth adjustment (i.e. externalizing and internalizing behaviours) through youth’s perceptions of parenting (i.e. knowledge, solicitation) with traveller and youth gender as moderators in a sample of 78 children in 44 two-parent families residing in the United States. The findings from multilevel analyses suggested that mothers’ travel nights predicted lower levels of maternal knowledge, with variation by traveller and youth gender. Mothers’ and fathers’ work travel and perceived parenting were predictors of youth’s externalizing behaviours, whereas only fathers’ work travel and perceived parenting were predictors of youth’s internalizing behaviours. Tests of indirect effects indicated that maternal work travel linked to youth’s externalizing behaviours through youth’s perceptions of maternal knowledge. These findings add to our limited understanding of work-family issues for parents who have the unique work demand of frequently travelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We compared cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) perceptions in a youth population where ST use is common. Methods: Male baseball players (N = 594) at 36 rural high schools in California rated separately 20 potential risks or benefits associated with cigarettes or ST, along with global harm ratings. Informed by principal components analysis, 3 composite categories were created: oral/rule-breaking risks (eg, mouth cancer, getting in trouble), systemic risks (eg, heart attack), and benefits (eg, relaxation). Standardized composite scores and harm ratings were compared by product and by tobacco use status. Results: Cigarettes were perceived as likely to impart oral/rule-breaking risks and systemic risks, unlikely to cause benefits, and as very harmful overall. ST was perceived similarly to cigarettes regarding oral/rule-breaking risks, but less likely to cause systemic risks, and more beneficial. Most participants rated cigarettes as more harmful than ST. Similar patterns existed in all tobacco use groups, including non-users and dual-users. Conclusions: In this population, cigarettes were perceived as very harmful. ST was perceived similarly to cigarettes only for some risks and as less harmful overall. Communication for rural adolescents should consider multifaceted aspects of ST risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, terrorism affected every aspect of life. As terroristic activities like bomb blast, target killing, security threats to different educational institution (public or private) etc. induced man made trauma among the affectees but also in non-affectees. It may affect physical as well as psychological well-being of an individual. Psychological consequences include stress, anxiety, anger, aggression, fear, post traumatic stress disorder etc. The present study intended to explore the psychological consequences of television coverage of terroristic activities in Pakistan. For this purpose, 250 secondary school students (Boys=148 & Girls=102) age ranged 15-17 years (Mean age =16.17 & SD= -816) were selected through simple random sampling and further prorated into two groups: Experimental and control. Television news clips related to terroristic activities were displayed to experimental group while control group was being divulged to news irrelevant to terrorism Finding revealed that the psychological consequences (anxiety, anger and disruptive behaviour) are more evident in the experimental condition than control condition. Therefore, it can be concluded that media coverage for the terroristic activities affect the mental health of youth. Implications have also been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors analyzed 300 stories about adolescents’ friendship challenges in order to explore the roles of digital technologies in contemporary friendship conflicts. An initial round of analysis facilitated the identification and subsequent classification of stories by five commonly described challenges: betrayal, isolation, meanness and harassment, concern about a Friend, and Maintenance Challenges. Drawing on previously identified features of exchanges in and through digital contexts, including scalability, persistence, replicability, and anonymity, the role of technology was then explored in the context of the five friendship challenges. Scalability, leveraging the affordance of efficiently reaching a broad audience, was the most common way technology amplified friendship challenges. However, technology also often functioned solely as the medium for communication. Additionally, adolescents described difficulties related to sexting as a contemporary friendship challenge. Implications for supporting youth in their friendships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies exist on international migration intentionalities in Africa, very few have sufficiently examined their kinship interfaces among the youths. Although, Africa remains a major migrant sending continent, the role of kinship in emigration is still poorly understood especially relative to the youths who are the most migratory. It is against this background that this article examined the intersectionalities of kinship and international migration in Nigeria with specific attention to youths' ultimate actions informing intentions. The article adopted social action theory and the push and pull framework as its theoretical framework. The research design was descriptive and explorative. A total of 300 questionnaire was distributed through simple random sampling. 20 in-depth interviews were also conducted with purposively selected youths. The relationship between kinship and international migration intentionalities was found to be positive due to the previous and current kinship migration patterns, realities and expectations that have become normatively sanctioned within youths' kinship networks. Hence, the kinship outcomes on migration co-relate with youths' belief that Nigeria's (like many other African countries') social institutions are dysfunctional and infrastructural systems are opportunistically disabling for their values, goals and aspirations. Overall, the migration intentions and believed functionalities of emigrations among the youths are traceable to the subjective interpretations of migration values and outcomes within subsisting kinship systems usually predating and external to the youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Šolsko Polje is the property of Solsko Polje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food insecurity heightens risk for poor mental health and psychosocial functioning. Higher levels of future orientation influence numerous desirable behaviors. However, limited evidence exists on the association between food insecurity and future orientation, particularly in low-resource settings. The objective of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and future orientation of Ghanaian youth and their parents. The study included a cross-sectional sample of 2656 youth and 2656 parents from 8 of Ghana’s 10 regions. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Future orientation in the Ghanaian context was measured using three distinct factors adapted from the School Success Profile and the Consideration of Future Consequences scale. We analyzed our data using hierarchical linear modeling, with a three-level linear random-intercept model with covariates. Results suggest an inverse relationship between food insecurity and future orientation of youth and their parents. Food insecurity was consistently and significantly associated with lower orientation toward success (β = −0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.22, −0.14) and higher uncertainty of the future (β = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.28) among youth, as well as lower consideration of future consequences (β = −0.15, 95% CI = −0.23, −0.06) among parents. Additionally, severe food insecurity was associated with the lowest future orientation scores for youth and their parents. Our findings indicate that, under conditions of food insecurity, youth and their parents lose sight of the future, which may come at a great cost. Encouraging individuals to engage in thinking about the future or to create future images of their selves may not be meaningful if their basic needs, including access to food, are not met. Programs that provide opportunities to generate income and accumulate assets may have a twofold effect of increasing access to food and improving future orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Parental involvement in physical activity and dietary habits have been found to play a substantial role in the mental health of young people. However, there is little evidence about the associations between parental involvement, health behaviours and mental health among Ghanaian youth. This study sought to examine the role of parental involvement in the association between physical activity, dietary habits and mental health among Ghanaian youth. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2012 Ghana Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The study population consisted of 1,984 school going youth in high schools with a median age of 15 years old, (53.7%) males. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression statistical models using complex samples method were performed. Results: The prevalence of mental distress was 18.1%, 16.6% and 23% for loneliness, feeling worried and suicidal ideation respectively. Younger students were more likely to feel lonely, worried and have suicidal ideation than older students. Students from low socio-economic backgrounds were significantly more likely to report loneliness, worry and suicidal ideation. After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, some physical activity and eating habits were associated with experiencing loneliness, worry and suicidal ideation but after introducing parental involvement, there was a decrease in the likelihood of some health behaviour factors in both physical activity and dietary habits to be associated with loneliness, worry and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Physical inactivity and poor dietary habits could have a negative effect on mental distress, however, parental involvement could mitigate the impact of these lifestyle habits on mental distress and should therefore be taken into consideration in efforts aimed at encouraging positive lifestyle habits for good mental health among Ghanaian youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]