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As education, technology, and society become ever more intertwined with emerging forms of artificial intelligence (AI), the need to comprehend the potential consequences of its integration has reached a critical juncture. This study seeks to address this need by exploring emerging, formative tensions in the integration of AI in educational contexts, using a comparative content analysis approach to comb through perspectives from both scholarly and popular discourse. By identifying four main tensions (Human, Ethical, Data, and Systems), the study develops an essential framing for understanding of the challenges and opportunities of AI integration in education. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of a balanced and nuanced approach that recognizes the potential benefits and risks of AI integration in education.

Afghanistan's history over the last century is littered with incidents and bloody conflicts. In other words, the history of this land over the last century has been one of blood and fire, as well as a conflict between "tradition" and "modernity." Over the last century, the citizens of this land have witnessed life-threatening and subversive changes. These changes have had both positive and negative effects on Afghans' lives. Meanwhile, Afghan women, education, the right to political and social activity, and the right to work and employment have been among the issues that have undergone change and transformation, along with political, social, and cultural changes and developments, willingly or unwillingly, and have been seriously harmed as a result. A qualitative research method has been used, in which data was collected from previous literary sources such as research articles, magazines, reports, and documents kept in the archives and national libraries of Afghanistan. This paper investigates and examine the position of Afghan women in Afghan law from various angles and perspectives. The researchers approached the subject of women by taking into account their worldviews, assumptions, and subjective variables. The purpose of this research is to evaluate Afghan women's active, long-term, and meaningful presence in Afghanistan over the last century. The study's findings show that despite deliberate campaigns, efforts, and ongoing struggles over the last century, Afghan women are still denied the right to education, political participation, and institutional employment.

Health science students frequently experience ethical dilemmas on clinical placements, yet ethics education rarely prepares students with the ethical leadership skills required. The Leadership in Ethical Practice (LEP) program is an ethics education resource designed to enhance health science students' knowledge and skills in ethical leadership to prepare them for clinical placements and future professional practice. This qualitative study aimed: to explore the nature of students' ethical leadership goals; determine whether a specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) format was an effective tool for students to create ethical leadership goals; and identify any changes in students' pre- and post-self-ratings of ethical leadership knowledge following the LEP program. Eighty-two diagnostic radiography students from the University of Sydney participated in the study. Inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis (Elo & Kyngas, 2008) were used to explore students' goals. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate students' pre- and post-self-ratings. Four themes emerged from students' goals: initiative, competence, and courage in ethical reasoning; communicating ethical stories through listening, questioning, and connecting; reflecting and growing as an ethical leader; and safe practice and person-centred outcomes. SMART goal format elements were evident in 61% of students' goals. Students' ethical leadership self-ratings showed positive changes after participating in the LEP program. Findings indicated students planned to further develop ethical leadership skills during clinical placements and future professional practice. This study demonstrated the ethics education approaches used within the LEP could assist health science students to apply ethical leadership in future clinical practice.

In this essay, I draw on two black theorists of whiteness--W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reverend Thandeka--to examine how white supremacy and white racial identities emerge from and are fortified in the relations of "white people to other white people." I use stories told by two white people from a rural, white farming community in Wisconsin--William and Delores--to flesh out and complicate Du Bois's and Thandeka's ideas. Unfortunately, antiracist efforts in education and teacher education have mostly ignored the significance of white people's relations to each other for the production and reproduction of white supremacy. What if our antiracist efforts have been so ineffective, in part, because we have ignored what is going on among white people?

This research probed the acculturation model of migration of Druze in Israel from their villages to cities. Little research has been published to date on the migration of Druze. The Druze migration experience from and within Israel can add knowledge about a unique cultural group in Israel. The present findings indicate a process in which Druze men and women moved from villages to cities in Israel for short and long periods, in pursuit of academic education and professional training. Berry's typology of acculturation partly explained the results. Accordingly, we suggest modification of the theory.

Despite the Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN) being tasked with being a core policy tool of the European Union and helping to shape its research funding agenda on preventing violent extremism, very little is known about how it operates, the practices and activities it engages with and the discourses it mobilizes to do so. This study fills this gap through an in-depth investigation into RAN's working group on education, critically examining the construction and enactment of discourses and practices related to the prevention of violent extremism through education. Combining a critical engagement of organizational practices with a discourse analysis of the various RAN EDU outputs, such as manifestos, policy papers and videos, it offers an examination of the discursive terrain of the European Commission, revealing the normative values and ideological assumptions underpinning it, as well as the subject-positioning of students and teachers involved.

This study investigates the level of co-integration between education and economic growth in Nigeria and the causality effect of education on economic growth. The study employs secondary form of data spanning from 2000 to 2018 and are sourced from UNESCO, World Bank and CBN statistical bulletin. The data are collected on GDP, education expenditure and gross enrolment ratio of higher education for the period under review. The study uses Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests for analysis and the findings show that education and economic growth in Nigeria have a long term co-integration while Granger causality test reveals that education and gross enrolment ratio of higher education are not affecting economic progress and the GDP is not influencing both of them too. The implication is that if Nigeria's educational system continues the way it is presently, it will remain a long term problem and will continue to negatively affect economic growth. Other countries will be benefiting from modern technologies through improvement on their educational system, but Nigeria may not be at the same pace if immediate policy changes in favor of education are not embraced. Thus, the study suggests major improvement on government's annual budgets for education in order to decrease the population of out-of-school children and increase the stock of skilled human capital in the country.

Background: Since the beginning of the new democratic era of 1994 in South Africa, human rights and values concerns have been placed on the forefront of educational research to respond to the needs of the South Africa's Constitution as well as the intentions of public school curricula. It is believed that qualified physical education teachers can address the fading of values and recession of morals in schools by promoting value-based education into their physical education lessons to provide a holistic approach to learning. Aim: This article aims to identify the values that pre-service teachers deem are important to be taught at school. Setting: The study was conducted in the Gauteng Province. Methods: A questionnaire was employed to collect quantitative data (close-ended questions) and qualitative data (open-ended questions) from all final year BEd physical education students (n = 68). Results: Sixty-eight values were identified: respect (n = 47), honesty/integrity (n = 23) and courage/perseverance/determination (n = 25) were ranked as the three values these teachers considered as important for inclusion in a physical education curriculum. Conclusion: These pre-service physical education teachers indicated that learners could learn core values and basic human rights in a conducive and safe learning environment by employing role-play, games and modelling as the main strategies to infuse values in their physical education lessons.

The "profane" meaning of conformism is first provided by American philosopher and liberal thinker William Penn, in his work dated from around 1700. According to Penn, conformity is a civil virtue whose price is the loss of freedom. The description of conformity as deprivation of freedom becomes stronger in 20th century philosophy from Heidegger through Fromm up to Fischer's definition as "the sinking of the Self into the Anyone is conformism." Education and pedagogy have serious debts as to the recognition of and solutions to the problem of conformity. In the community relations of the students, the principle of the structural regularity of increasing conformity, and in our schools, the easily adapting and more so conforming student have become the ideal. And where is the place, the value of conformity and nonconformity in society? And first of all: what can education do against the deceptive contrast of conformity - non-conformity. That is a matter of great importance.

In these times of global crisis caused by COVID-19, there is an urgent need to address the topic of nature-based experiences in education: the pandemic has strongly highlighted both the interdependence between human beings and nature, and the need for mending the dichotomic vision that keeps them separate. Experiential education in natural contexts within an ecological framework might have a strategic role in this crucial period to develop anthropologic, civic, and dialogic conscience (Morin, 2001). Through this study, CEFEO Research Center had the objective of investigating the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on Italian nature-based programs in the educational, therapeutic, training, and leisure areas. From 28 May to 19 June 2020, an online questionnaire was distributed with the purpose of understanding the socio-economic impact of the pandemic on nature-based programs during the lockdown period and during the period of first reopening, and the related needs and new opportunities for the future. The results highlight a paradox: the COVID-19 crisis has caused more problems for a sector which was already suffering from a lack of funding and of social and institutional acknowledgment. Many agencies working in the field lost months of income and numerous working days, and they are uncertain about the future: they are having difficulties surviving in a moment when we need them more.

In this paper, we review algorithmic bias in education, discussing the causes of that bias and reviewing the empirical literature on the specific ways that algorithmic bias is known to have manifested in education. While other recent work has reviewed mathematical definitions of fairness and expanded algorithmic approaches to reducing bias, our review focuses instead on solidifying the current understanding of the concrete impacts of algorithmic bias in education--which groups are known to be impacted and which stages and agents in the development and deployment of educational algorithms are implicated. We discuss theoretical and formal perspectives on algorithmic bias, connect those perspectives to the machine learning pipeline, and review metrics for assessing bias. Next, we review the evidence around algorithmic bias in education, beginning with the most heavily-studied categories of race/ethnicity, gender, and nationality, and moving to the available evidence of bias for less-studied categories, such as socioeconomic status, disability, and military-connected status. Acknowledging the gaps in what has been studied, we propose a framework for moving from unknown bias to known bias and from fairness to equity. We discuss obstacles to addressing these challenges and propose four areas of effort for mitigating and resolving the problems of algorithmic bias in AIED systems and other educational technology.

Adaptive expertise has been promoted as an emerging model of expertise in health professions education in response to the inherent complexities of patient care; however, as the concept increasingly influences the structure of professional training and practice, it creates the potential for misunderstandings of the definition and implications of adaptive expertise. To foster a common understanding of the concept, we conducted a scoping review to explore how adaptive expertise has been discussed within health professions education literature. Five databases--MedLine, PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and PsycINFO--were searched using the exact term "adaptive expertise", producing 212 unique articles. Fifty-eight articles met inclusion criteria. In the included articles, authors discussed the conceptual implications of adaptive expertise for health professions education, strategies for training for adaptive expertise, and research findings aimed at supporting the development of adaptive expertise or utilizing adaptive expertise as a theoretical framework. The goal of this scoping review is to establish a resource for frontline educators tasked with fostering the development of adaptive expertise in learners through education initiatives. A common understanding of adaptive expertise is essential to ensuring effective implementation in training programs.

This article is a review of the Self-determination theory (SDT) of Motivation. The theory identifies motivation as a continuum ranging from amotivation to extrinsic motivation and finally to intrinsic motivation (Ryan & Deci, 2000). Intrinsic motivation, thought of as the highest form of motivation satisfying the innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. These psychological needs are given as a prototype of self-determined behavior and activity. The theory suggests that extrinsic motivated behaviors can vary in the extent to which they represent Self-determination, ranging from the lowest type of external regulation motivation to the highest type of integrated motivation. In this review I wish to present the SDT theory of motivation and to argue that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation must be reconsidered. Although I acknowledge the positive effects of intrinsic motivation I urge educators and researchers to consider the benefits of extrinsic motivation. I critically examine the evidence for and against the model, discuss its limitations, and identify critical gaps for future research.

Background: In fact, most schools around the world are not well equipped to have discussions and keep current on the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in many aspects of society and economy. They either ignore this conversation, or simply criticize technology, but these resistances are not stopping wide spread of various types of AI projects in schools, mainly driven by corporations, and fueled by incentives that might not match well with long term educational objectives of student success, diversity, equity, and inclusivity. Objectives: The overall purpose is to address the rising gap between the ultrafast development of AI and the meticulous technological application of education, and to suggest the important bridge of building technological leadership in teacher preparation to get ready for the grow of AI in education. Methods: The contextual review examines the field of AI development in education through three lenses--conceptual context, practice context, and research context. Results and Conclusions: The paper provides educators and policy makers an overall background of the phenomenon of AI in education. The study has revealed there is an urgent need for research and development in teacher preparation as well as in the philosophy of technology in education to bridge the gap between AI and education.

In 2015, the United Nations (UN) declared 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets to be achieved by 2030, but the COVID-19 pandemic has stalled the world's progress in pursuing them. This article explores how the pandemic has impacted the public health and education sectors of the world's poorest 46 countries, identified by the UN as "least developed countries" (LDCs). Applying the theoretical lens of international political economy, the author first considers the historical, political and economic causes behind the pre-pandemic underdevelopment of LDCs' public health and education sectors. Next, he examines how the international support mechanisms forged in 2015 for the timely achievement of the SDGs have been affected by the pandemic, especially in the areas of health (SDG 3) and education (SDG 4). Based on a number of purposively selected international and national policy documents as well as a few related texts, the author uses the case of Nepal as an example to demonstrate what has particularly hampered LDCs' sustainable development -- and indeed continues to do so during the ongoing pandemic. He identifies three main adverse factors: (1) the privatisation of health and education; (2) a lack of governmental accountability; and (3) dysfunctional international support mechanisms. The article appeals for a more egalitarian global collaboration and full accountability of LDC governments in the joint effort to achieve a sustainable recovery from the pandemic.

The background of the argument Joris Vlieghe develops in this article is the idea, proposed by neopragmatic scholars, that a way of aptly dealing with the societal issues that have come about in the wake of a global ecological crisis consists of engaging in practices of study. This involves "thinking," a concept that needs to be reconsidered from an educational perspective. Hence the article turns to John Dewey's classical pragmatic account of thinking, so as to show that this Deweyan approach could be enriched by reading it together with Giorgio Agamben's reflections on this matter. This allows for rendering with greater accuracy certain aspects of thinking that unearth its properly educational meaning: that thinking is necessarily a collective endeavor that is driven by an interruption of our habitual ways of living together with a view toward envisaging truly alternative futures. Thinking is a risky experience in which the foundational subject disappears. Such a view allows, furthermore, for the reconceptualization of thinking in a posthumanist key.

This article addresses the issue of the disciplinary status of Educational Studies, which both in the theoretical discourse and in the practice of this area is far from unambiguous. The issue is relevant not only for theoretical reasons but also for practical and social ones. This is because the status of Educational Studies, by having a decisive impact on the very understanding and nature of studies in education, at least in part may impact changes in educational practice. Two main models of Educational Studies can be differentiated (the Anglo-American model and the Continental model), with additional variation within these models. Among the terms most commonly used in discussion of the disciplinary status of Educational Studies, frequent mention is made of the autonomy that exists in various versions (as in the Continental model) and of interdisciplinarity (as in the Anglo-American model). This article proposes a new way of understanding this status, which I call the autonomy of Educational Studies as a second-level discipline, which includes aspects of both of the previously mentioned models (with a predominance of the Continental model), yet also adds certain modifications (among other things concerning the understanding of disciplinarity). In the course of my argumentation, I will conduct a comparative analysis of both traditions, and subsequently justify the proposed thesis (making reference both to notional questions and pragmatic/scientific questions), and finally briefly indicate potential problems which may be generated by this model.

The role of interdisciplinarity in achieving authentic and transformative learning outcomes is both contested and complex. At the same time, traditional disciplinary ways of being, doing and knowing have been further tested by the impact of COVID-19 on students, schools and communities. In Tasmania, already experiencing amongst the lowest levels of educational attainment in Australia, the educational implications of COVID-19 have been polarising. Preliminary reports have employed interdisciplinary perspectives to understand how the situation is unfolding. Extremes of privilege and poverty have intensified, with accentuated disadvantage experienced by already vulnerable groups, whilst ingenuity, adaptability and innovation have flourished elsewhere. The spectrum and range of this polarisation yield compelling evidence for the inadequate address of complex societal problems through singular disciplines or institutions. This article explores storied data generated from the intersections of interdisciplinary strategy enacted across three settings: education, creative industries and community-based arts practice. The data derive from two Tasmanian case studies where interdisciplinary collaboration between the education sector, creative industries and community is well established. In subsequent discussion, the multidisciplinary authorship team make and offer meaning from participatory lived experiences of pursuing social justice outcomes prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. From this, we posit how lived experiences of interdisciplinarity impact social justice enterprise in times of increasingly complex socio-economic challenge. In addressing these concerns, we elucidate the role interdisciplinarity plays in both enabling and inhibiting social justice imperatives shared across education, creative industry and community-based arts practice immediately prior to and during a global pandemic. In so doing, we elicit the ways interdisciplinary practices, partnerships and priorities recalibrate in response to global challenges.

Parental involvement plays a pivotal role in promoting developmental and educational outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to examine the relationships between social support, parenting stress, and parental involvement by investigating a sample of 245 Chinese parents of children with ASD. Mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between support from family and friends and parental involvement were partially mediated by parenting stress, and support from significant others was directly, positively related to parental involvement. Additionally, support from family and friends moderated the influence of parenting stress on parental involvement in their children's education. The direct, indirect, and buffering effects of social support on parental involvement were discussed finally.

One of the important theories in education and psychology is Generalizability (G) Theory and various properties distinguish it from the other measurement theories. To better understand methodological trends of G theory, a thematic content analysis was conducted. This study analyzes the studies using generalizability theory in the field of education in Turkey by using the method of thematic content analysis. It reviews 60 studies, including 31 articles and 29 theses published from 2004 to 2017. The selected studies underwent thematic content analysis using parameters including tagged information, aim, G Theory type, number of facets used in the study, the Turkish word for "facet," object of measurement, sample size, design type, mixed-design availability, shared results of G and D studies, computer programs, method of calculating negative variance, availability of fixed facets, and design balance. The data were interpreted on the basis of frequencies; both table and figures are included in the study. According to the results, there is an increase in the number of studies conducted by using G theory by years. Of these, many compare theories; most of them applying univariate G Theory and consider two-faceted measurement situations. While a small subset of studies features mixed design, a large group features crossed design, with individuals as the object of measurement. The computer program most commonly used in analyses is EduG. The majority of studies use balanced design. Recommendations are provided accordingly with the results.

Ten Australians and one New Zealander provide reflections on the influence of Julie Thompson Klein's work on and in inter- and trans- disciplinarity. Even taking into account that this article is based on a small number of contributions from only one corner of the world, the reflections demonstrate the influence of a diverse array of Klein's academic work, the ground-breaking nature of her book "Interdisciplinarity: History, Theory, and Practice," the meticulousness of her scholarship that makes her voice authoritative, and the added benefits of personal connections. The contributions also demonstrate the value of reflective narratives in providing a more rounded and richer picture of an academic's influence than traditional metrics, including -- in Julie Thompson Klein's case -- non-citable enhancement of thinking and orientation, catalytic effects when her ideas are combined with others, and practical value in making sense of events and circumstances. Most importantly, assembling reflective narratives provides a window onto the unique attributes and contributions of individual researchers, educators and practitioners, illustrating and affirming the richness of differences and the importance of valuing and capitalising on them. Recognition of such diversity is not only essential to help individuals identify the strongest contributions they can make, but also critical for good inter- and trans- disciplinary research, education and practice.

The aim of this paper is to examine the communication content of Instagram social network users, on the basis of the hashtags they use relating to gamification and to define communities within the network in the context of education. The results are based on the analysis of Instagram's worldwide social network. Primary data were collected using script to capture communication on the social network Instagram. The analysis included Instagram photos selected on the basis of hashtag #gamification (17,994 contributions). The results identify that the most commonly associated expressions with hashtags #gamification are hashtags associated with education and business, especially where startup and innovation are concerned. On the basis of an analysis visually isolated communities with an average modularity of 0.506 were identified, which relate to the communication of the gamification on the social network Instagram: 1) Education, 2) Entrepreneurship, 3) Gamification in general, 4) Social and 5) Enjoyment. The benefit of analysis for the education area is to identify the university's links between Education and Entrepreneurship and the Teacher and Trust between education and enjoyment.

The aim of this study is to determine the leisure satisfaction levels of students who study sports sciences. In addition, in the study, the satisfaction levels of the students were compared according to their gender, departments and the most preferred activity type in leisure. The research was in quantitative descriptive design and consisted of a total of 379 sports sciences students, including 144 female and 235 men. The "Leisure Satisfaction Scale" developed by Beard and Raghep (1992) which is adapted to Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (2011) and the "Personal Information Form" developed by the researcher were used as data collection tools. T-test, ANOVA and one-way MANOVA test techniques were used in the analysis of the data. According to the research findings, the leisure satisfaction of the students of Sports Sciences has been observed to be high level. In general, it was found that leisure satisfaction of those who do most physical activity is higher than those who did social, intellectual and artistic etc. activity. According to the gender factor, leisure satisfaction total score did not make a difference, but it was seen that female had higher scores than psychological and relaxation dimensions. In the comparisons between the departments, it was determined that the recreation department had more leisure satisfaction than the coaching and physical education teaching department students. It has been observed that the highest score section is recreation and the lowest score section is coaching. Finally, the research findings were discussed.

As a practice and empirical observations show, the educational activity of economic agents forms a whole set of prospects for their development. It is due to stable positive or, on the contrary, negative expectations of prospective counterparts that interact with the economic agents, of the possibilities of their development in both the conjuncture and the institutional directions. In this regard, education is very important, and its study is becoming widespread in the research field. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the studies of the question posed in the space of scientific work and research mainly concentrate on the micro-level. That is, the vast majority of works are devoted to the study of the education of firms as one of the most important "representatives" of economic agents. At the same time, the study of educational capital and its influence on the development of regional/national economic systems is unfairly deprived of attention. It is necessary to state that in recent years, the attention of scientists began to focus more and more on the issues set earlier. However, the theory of the territories' educational economy has not yet received development and attention. This largely restrains the research paradigm based on the study of intangible factors of production in the system of socio-economic development of regions or national economic systems in general. In this regard, and to level this gap, the time course of the reputation capital index for the Republic of Tatarstan and the main components determining its level are built in this paper based on the developed methodological approaches to a formalized assessment of the reputation of a territory. This allowed us to assess the reputation impact on the investment activity of a region using the methods of econometric modelling. In particular, being guided by the principles and tools of regression analysis, as well as relying on the method of dummy variables, a high level of interconnection between the studied parameters was established by the authors due to the significant level of elasticity between the analyzed series found.

One of the primary goals of tertiary education is to prepare students for employment. There is debate as to whether university courses adequately provide students with 21st century workplace skills (Kaminski, Switzer, & Gloeckner, 2009; Kivunja, 2014). In a rapidly changing workforce, institutions must constantly adapt to maintain the practical utility of their courses. A thematic analysis was conducted to explore the degree of alignment between graduate attributes, accreditation requirements and industry employability criteria in nursing, psychology and education courses at an Australian University. Graduate attributes were obtained from the Course Approval and Management System. Relevant accreditation requirements were sourced from the respective bodies. A search of advertised job positions for the three discipline fields was conducted from a popular job-search engine (SEEK) to ascertain employability criteria. This analysis identified clear alignment between the university's graduate attributes and the standards articulated by accreditation bodies for psychology, nursing and education. However, there were differences between graduate attributes and the employability criteria identified by job searches across the three disciplines. Analysis of the employability criteria suggest that employers seek and prioritise graduates who possess practical competencies and 21st century skills such as problem solving and communication. However, there was little to no mention of cultural understandings and attitudes towards inclusion and diversity, both a core graduate attribute and an aspect of professional accreditation. The findings of this study may inform the development of future graduate attributes that better reflect preparedness for the workforce. Alternatively, a reflection on graduate attributes and professional accreditation criteria might produce job advertisements that better reflect work contexts in an increasingly diverse society.

Linguistics and speech therapy are two directly related areas whereby the first one, with appropriate development, should follow the latter as a support in a theoretical and practical sense. In a study carried out amongst Slovene speech therapy students, the researcher was interested in their views regarding the importance of linguistic content in their studies. The sample included all active students who were enrolled in the first-level and second-level study program of speech therapy at the Faculty of Education of the University of Ljubljana in the academic year 2018/19. In total, we received 43 appropriately completed questionnaires. All participants were female. A descriptive and causal-non-experimental method of pedagogical research was used. The study also offers a comparison of answers according to the study year (1st, 3rd and 5th) and results verifying the connection and dependence between different variables.