Search

Background. Acculturation strategy choice and success of adaptation to new cultural environment depend both on individual characteristics of participants of intercultural interaction and on characteristics of the context. In this regard, it is important to apply an integrated approach to study the mutual contribution of contextual and individual-personal predictors of acculturation. Objective. The study aims at identifying complex contextual and individual-personal predictors of adaptation of Russians in Estonia and Kyrgyzstan, and revealing relationship between these complex predictors, acculturation strategies, and psychological well-being of Russians in these republics. Study Participants. The sample consisted of 302 Russians in Estonia (Mage = 37.51; SD = 16.55; 52% females) and 300 Russians in Kyrgyzstan (Mage = 35.56; SD = 17.40; 64,8% females). Methods. We used scales from the MIRIPS questionnaire, instruments for measuring identities and intercultural attitudes developed in CSCR of HSE, and local identity scale by O. Droseltis and V.L. Vignoles. Results. The study revealed three complex predictors of adaptation in each country: perceived inclusiveness of context, ethnocultural identity and closeness to host country. These three complex factors in both countries were positively associated with life satisfaction, and in Estonia with self-esteem as well. Perceived inclusiveness of the context and closeness to host country negatively related to separation and positively related to integration, ethno-cultural identity positively related to separation. In Kyrgyzstan we also revealed culture-specific positive links between ethno-cultural identity and integration and between closeness to host society and assimilation. Conclusion. The study of the mutual contribution of personal and contextual characteristics to success in adaptation to new cultural environment contributes to a deeper understanding of acculturation as a complex dynamic process, the components of which are in constant interaction with each other.

Background. The problem of precise and reliable evaluation of the emotional state of operators in spaceflight conditions still remains unresolved, and therefore relevant. This evaluation is especially important for predicting operators` professional activity effectiveness considering the current emotional state which significantly determines the accuracy and rapidity of professional tasks performance. Objectives. Our study is carried out to empirically test the new method and technology for evaluating changes in the emotional state of the 7-day experiment participants measuring facial expression changes in their DPC-video interview recordings. Study Participants. The study involved 10 men aged 25 to 35 years. Volunteers were selected by the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences as participants in the research. Methods. DPC video interviews were conducted daily in the morning and in the evening. Facial expression changes evaluation was conducted with the EmoRadar software which detects FACS action units (AUs), seven basic emotions and other patterns of facial activity. Results. The description of facial expression changes in the experiment are given based on the data from two participants. These changes were compared with the emotional experience of the participants and experimental conditions. The necessity of differentiated evaluation of the positive emotion of happiness is shown since its assessments may include not only happiness as a basic emotion, but also two expressions of smiles (social smile or coy smile) similar to it. The effectiveness of the software used and the author's approach to computer analysis of facial activity is clearly shown. Conclusions. With the help of the developed technology based on the implementation of a comprehensive approach to measurement and interpretation of facial expressions, it is possible to provide objective information about characteristic changes in facial expressions as reliable behavioral indicators of a person's emotional state. The data are independent of respondents' self-assessments or expert’s experience. This opens up new methodological possibilities for aerospace psychology to solve the problem of automatic monitoring of the emotional state of operators.

Objective. To determine incidence rate and risk factors for the development of venous thromboembolism in complicated cervical spine injury. Material and Methods. The study included 34 patients with acute complicated cervical spine injury. Inclusion criteria were newly diagnosed venous thromboembolic complications, and application of low-frequency piezothromboelastography to study the hemostasis system. All patients received standard drug thromboprophylaxis. Patients were divided into two study groups: Group I included 21 patients with venous thromboembolic complications, and Group II – 13 patients without thromboembolic complications. Results. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in the total sample was 61.8 %. Pulmonary artery embolism developed in 4.7 % of cases. In 91,0 % of cases, thrombosis was asymptomatic. The state of the hemostatic system in Group I before the start of thromboprophylaxis was characterized by chronometric hypocoagulation, and structural hypercoagulation with a 2.6-fold increase in the intensity of clot retraction and lysis. In Group II, there was chronometric and structural hypercoagulation with a 14.4-fold increase in the intensity of clot retraction and lysis. The main significant predictors of the development of venous thromboembolism were identified as intestinal paresis (p = 0.004), absence of changes in neurological status (p = 0.012), length of stay in the ICU (p = 0.025), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.039). The building of a multivariate logistic regression model revealed multiplicative significant predictors of the development of thromboembolism. It has been shown that the presence of intestinal paresis is associated with a 25.07-fold increase in the chances of developing DVT of lower extremities. Conclusion. Considering the high incidence of venous thromboembolic complications in patients with complicated cervical spine injury, further research is required to study the effectiveness and safety of correction of drug thromboprophylaxis regimens in the form of increasing doses of anticoagulants or the frequency of their administration.

The article attempts to identify the time when the category “fantastic” appeared in the aesthetic thought of the Pushkin era. Common and fixed in the poetics of this time was another, close in meaning, term “chudesnoe” (“miraculous”). It denoted the “supernatural” (a concept that has become crucial in literary fantastic) but did not fundamentally differ from similar phenomena, such as rare, unexpected, and extraordinary. According to the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the word “fantastic” finds frequent use only after 1830, which chronologically coincides with the period of active perception of foreign romantic prose in Russia, in particular the genre of the fantastic story. In most cases, the new lexeme appears in fiction, keeping “etymological” meaning (related to fantasy, dream, imagination). Many original statements and translations, however, reflect another trend: the “fantastic” in them describes a particular kind of composition or type of narrative, as well as the features of poetics inherent in these works. As such, the word acquires a wide range of meanings and evaluative characteristics, some of which reveal similarities with the semantic content of the concept of “fantastic literature” in contemporary studies. The publication in which a conceptual interpretation of the “fantastic mode of writing” was first proposed in Russian was the translation of Walter Scott’s article “On the Supernatural in Fictitious Composition, and particularly in the works of E.T.W. Hoffmann” (in Russian translation: “O chudesnom v romane” (“About the wonderful in the novel”)) (1829).

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Potency testing of recombinant interferons requires a reference standard. The availability of International Standards (ISs) that are commonly used to assess the quality of recombinant interferons is currently limited. Therefore, the quality of interferons should be assessed using pharmacopoeial reference standards (RSs) certified using ISs (if available).AIM. This study aimed to certify a pharmacopoeial RS for potency testing of recombinant interferon α-2b.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The potency determination involved comparing the inhibition of the virus-induced cytopathic effect observed in cell culture with the candidate RS and the WHO International Standard for Human rDNA-derived interferon α-2b. The study used A-549 and MDBK cell lines with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) and vesicular stomatitis (VSV) viruses. The authors followed the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Cell-Culture Bioassays for Interferon Products, OFS.1.7.2.0002.15). The results were recorded using instrumental and visual methods. The calculations used mathematical statistics. To factor in the influence of intermediate precision, the authors applied Student’s t-test.RESULTS. The authors developed a certification programme and procedure and certified the pharmacopoeial RS for recombinant human interferon α-2b (rhIFN α-2b) to identify the corresponding medicinal products (by virus neutralisation) and test their potency (by antiviral activity in cell culture). Upon receipt, the candidate RS was verified for compliance with regulatory specifications. According to the test results, the potency of the candidate pharmacopoeial RS was 4.47×10⁸ IU/mL, and the expanded uncertainty was 8.12×10⁷ IU/mL, with a coverage factor of k=2 and a confidence level of 95%. The pharmacopoeial RS for rhIFN α-2b was considered to have the same shelf-life period as the corresponding medicinal products if stored at a temperature not higher than –40 ºC. When thawed, the pharmacopoeial RS for rhIFN α-2b can be stored at a temperature of 2–8 ºC for up to 1 month.CONCLUSIONS. Upon certification for potency testing, the pharmacopoeial RS for rhIFN α-2b has been included in the Register of Reference Standards of the Russian Pharmacopoeia as Recombinant Human Interferon α-2b (Potency) FSO.3.2.00455. The introduction of this pharmacopoeial RS will help to conduct the identification and potency testing of all Russian interferon α-2b products at an appropriate scientific and methodological level. As a result, Russian pharmaceutical manufacturers and quality control agencies will no longer depend on imported ISs.

Приведены результаты комплексного изучения декоративных красивоцветущих кустарников рода Спирея (Spiraea L.). Для анализа выбрано 7 видов спиреи из коллекции Дендрологического сада им. И.М. Стратоновича на базе Северного (Арктического) федерального университета им. М.В. Ломоносова: S. × Bumalda Burv, S. ulmifolia Scop (L.) Maxim, S. chamaedryfolia L., S. salicifolia L., S. nipponica var. tosaensis, S. betulifolia Pall, S. sericea Turcz. Установлено, что варьирование высоты куста находится в пределах от 0,8 м (у спирей Бумальда, березолистной и ниппонской) до 2,1 м (у спирей вязолистной и шелковистой). Наибольший размах кроны имеет спирея вязолистная – 2,4 × 2,7 м с максимальным количеством стволиков в кусте 42 шт. Компактная форма куста отмечена у спирей березолистной и Бумальда – 1,0 × 1,3 и 1,0 × 1,1 м соответственно. При проведении фенологических наблюдений зафиксировано, что первые листья у спирей шелковистой, иволистной, вязолистной, ниппонской (форма тосенсис) появляются в середине мая. С разницей 2 недели разворачиваются листовые пластинки у остальных изучаемых интродуцентов. Установлено, что все виды спиреи благополучно переносят суровый северный климат (баллы зимостойкости – I–II) и натурализовались, что подтверждается обилием плодоношения и посевным качеством семян. Согласно архивным данным, семена всех исследуемых видов спирей вызревают ежегодно. Наибольшая доля всхожих семян отмечается у спиреи березолистной – 92 %. Высокая энергия прорастания семян зафиксирована у шелковистой и березолистной спирей. Срок проращивания семян у всех спирей составил 15 дн., кроме спиреи Бумальда, которую оставляли на ложе до 20 сут., при этом всхожесть оказалась только 57 %, а 1/5 испытанных семян – пустые. Высокое качество семян собственной репродукции позволяет заключить, что спиреи шелковистая, ниппонская (форма тосенсис), березолистная, вязолистная и иволистная могут выращиваться из семенного фонда. Все изучаемые виды характеризуются полной степенью адаптации. Решающим фактором при этом является зимостойкость растений. Адаптивный потенциал интродуцированных видов определяет границы вторичного ареала распространения. Все изучаемые виды могут быть рекомендованы для озеленения северных городов.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the Russian construction market and the prospects for its development in the context of large contracting companies, as well as to determine contractor competitiveness and the place of the largest domestic construction companies in the world ranking. Comparison, analysis, as well as graphical, tabular methods of data presentation and visualization were used as research methods. The paper presents an analysis and characteristics of the Russian and world construction market, its dynamics, structure and key players. The main trends and drivers of the construction industry are described. The volume of construction is growing every year, despite the economic and political crises of past five years. This fact indicates a high demand for construction products. The article considers the main players in the Russian and foreign markets. The leading positions in terms of construction volumes are occupied by such countries as China, the USA, Japan and the EU, while the Russian Federation lags behind in terms of construction production volume. Only four construction companies in the world have a turnover of more than $ 100 billion, while maintaining a significant lead over other players. Whereas the development of the global construction market is associated with population dynamics, an influx of investments in the Asian region is expected, which in turn will contribute to the development of technologies and the introduction of innovations in the field of construction management. The study revealed a direct correlation and relationship between the competitiveness of construction companies and internationalization. Despite the increasing interest of Russian developers in foreign projects, at the moment the expansion trend of Russian construction companies is just beginning to take shape. It is concluded that in order to increase the competitiveness of Russian construction companies in the world market, the efficiency of project management and cost optimization, it is necessary to introduce an effective system of projects cost accounting and control.

Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder that is associated with considerable disadaptive effect on patients. Despite the development of pharmacotherapy strategies for migraine, only one third of patients are satisfied with their overall treatment. Many migraine patients turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which is not usually considered a part of conventional medicine and is not always evidence-based. In practise, however, they are often used to improve the effectiveness of standard therapy or to provide alternative treatment. In addition, in CAM methods, the patient is actively involved in the choice of treatment strategies, and they have good adherence. The basic principles and approaches of CAM are increasingly being introduced into clinical practise. This review discusses the principles of CAM in the treatment of migraine as a holistic approach using lifestyle strategies and selected non-pharmacological treatments that have been shown to be effective and rational.

Introduction: Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a clear therapeutic benefit, they can also have serious side effects. The most serious of these is the ulcerogenic effect, which can result in a decline in the quality of life or even death. This calls for the search for and creation of novel compounds with potent anti-inflammatory properties that do not have adverse effects on the digestive system. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and anti-ulcerogenic activities of N-isopropenylimidazole zinc complex derivative. Materials and Methods: Experiments in rats and mice were used to determine the median lethal dose LD50 for N-isopropenylimidazole zinc complex derivative (laboratory name Pilim-1). Experimental models of acute exudative inflammation and chronic proliferative inflammation were used. In the first case, the inflammation was induced by sub-plantar injection of carrageenan and a complete Freund’s adjuvant into the hind paw of rats. In the second case, the inflammation was induced by the implantation of a sterile cotton pellet (“cotton pellet–induced granuloma”) under the skin of rats. Acute and tonic pain, visceral, and somatic deep pain were simulated using the formalin test in rats and the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, respectively. The ulcerogenic and anti-ulcerogenic effects of Pilim-1 were studied in rat experiments. Pilim-1 and the reference drugs diclofenac, indomethacin and famotidine were administered intragastrically. Results and Discussion: Pilim-1 showed marked anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, demonstrated less toxicity than diclofenac and indomethacin, while its activity is comparable to diclofenac and superior to indomethacin. Its therapeutic index is higher than that of indomethacin and diclofenac and, in contrast, it essentially has no ulcerogenic effect and exhibits stronger anti-ulcerogenic activity than famotidine. It appears that the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and gastroprotective properties of Pilim-1 are largely due to its antioxidant and antihypoxic properties, its inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, and the presence of imidazole and zinc in its structure, both of which have a wide range of biological activity. Conclusion: Pilim-1 can be recommended for further preclinical studies due to its relatively low (practically absent) ulcerative activity, strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-ulcerative effects, greater therapeutic index, and less acute toxicity in comparison with diclofenac and indomethacin.

A pressing issue in the food industry is providing the population with adequate nutrition. According to the concept of healthy eating, a person needs to increase the consumption of plant foods without reducing the consumption of foods containing complete protein. We have created dry fish and plant products, in the form of food concentrates, containing all the necessary macro- and micronutrients. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of plant components on the microbiological and oxidative processes of dry fish and fish-plant products during storage. To achieve the intended goal, the tasks of determining microbiological indicators and oxidation products at the beginning and end of the storage period were solved. Storage of dry fish and plant products was carried out for 12 months in polymer packaging at a temperature of plus 20±5℃. All analyses were carried out using generally accepted standard methods. As a result of the studies, it was established that the microbiological indicators of a dry fish-plant product, due to the addition of vegetables and corn flour, were higher than those of a dry fish product (0.5x104 and 0.2x104 CFU per 1 g, respectively), but during storage the bacterial contamination of dry of fish and plant products decreased from 0.5x104 to 0.1x104 CFU per 1 g of product. Also, plant components affected the oxidative processes in dry fish and vegetable products. The acid number in samples of dry fish product increased from 0.71 to 2.67 mg of KOH, and in samples of dry fish-plant product – from 0.65 to 1.87 mg of KOH after 12 months of storage. Thus, plant components inhibited the oxidation process and maintain the quality of the product during storage.

Relevance. Infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are an urgent problem of hospital epidemiology, and control measures involve the development of new antimicrobials. Probiotics based on bacterial strains isolated fro natural habitats are considered promising means of combating MRSA.Aims. To test the possibility of using the Bacillus safensis 440-1 strain isolated from Antarctic soil. as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of experimental staphylococcal infection.Purpose of the study – check the possibility of using the Bacillus safensis 440-1 strain, isolated from Antarctic soil, as a topical antibacterial agent for the treatment of experimental staphylococcal infection.Material and methods. The potential virulence of Bacillus safensis strain 440-1 was studied on a mouse peritonitis model, and its activity against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA776 test strain was studied on a localized wound infection model.Results and discussion. Our study demonstrated the safety of the tested strain due intraperitoneal use. We found that the use of the studied strain reduces the staphylococci amount in wounds from the third day from the start of the study to the end of the observation period, without aggravating the course of the infection.Conclusion. Bacillus safensis strain is a promising potential probiotic and it can be used as a part of complex antiseptic or disinfectant after additional studies aimed at developing an optimal mode of its use.

This study presents a mathematical model of heat transfer in a subaerial talik. The model is based on the concepts presented in classical works on permafrost, as well as on the results of geological and geophysical research carried out in the Shestakovka River basin (Central Yakutia). This model is based on the solution of the classical Stefan problem on the moving of the phase transition boundaries for a multilayer and multiphase medium. The solution was calculated on a unstructured mesh. When the phase boundaries move, thawed or frozen layers of soil are formed or wedged out. The layers include: snow cover, seasonally thawed soil, seasonally frozen and frozen sand deposits, as well as soil-vegetative layer. Published empirical relationships were used to calculate thermophysical coefficients, which are presented in this article. Simple variants of the model were considered to clarify the contribution of various factors to the process of formation and evolution of taliks. It has been established that the presence of snow cover and soil-vegetative layer have the most significant effect on the formation of taliks. Calculations show that taliks are formed in the first years of the modeled period, in the presence of snow and the absence of soil-vegetative layer. The soil-vegetative layer, depending on its composition and moisture content (ice content), can prevent the formation and development of taliks. The authors do not consider cases where shrubs contribute to snow accumulation. The humidity and iciness of the layer of sand sediments located in Central Yakutia have practically no effect on this process.

The presented clinical observation shows the role of a multidisciplinary team of doctors in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient suffering from bronchial asthma and metabolic syndrome (morbid obesity, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus). The importance of correcting metabolic disorders (diet, self-monitoring of glycemia, urate- and glucose-lowering therapy) has been demonstrated both as part of the complex therapy of AKI and for the prevention/slowing of further kidney damage.

The results of a pilot study of the serum marker of cardiac damage sST2 in patients with chronic generalized sarcoidosis are presented. Correlations between the activity of sarcoidosis, sST2 levels and the risk of developing heart failure have been demonstrated.

One of the manifestations of skeletal muscle plasticity is its atrophy, as an adaptive response to catabolic stimuli. They can occur during forced exhausting physical activity. Injection of local anesthetics, glucocorticosteroids, etc., is widely used to correct such pathological manifestations. The purpose of the study was to reveal the skeletal muscle morphofunctional characteristics of experimental animals after forced physical activity under conditions of subcutaneous and combined methods of administration of allogeneic biomaterial (BMA). The model of anaerobic physical exercise was forced swimming of male rats with a load of 10% of body weight. After the swimming test, the animals were divided into four groups. In the first (experimental) group (n=10), the BMA suspension was administered only subcutaneously. In the second (experimental) group (n=10), BMA suspension was injected in combination, i.e., into the muscles of the limbs and subcutaneously. In the control groups, saline solution was administered using similar methods. After tissue collection on days 5 and 21, morphological, physiological, and statistical studies were carried out. The use of BMA contributed to an increase in load tolerance, and accelerated restoration of muscle tissue, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia. There was a decrease in inflammation, and restoration of microcirculation and ultrastructure of muscle fibers: contractile elements, energy balance of cells, and proliferative activation of the nuclear apparatus. Implantation of BMA promoted inhibition of fibrosis, reduction in the number of necrotic muscle fibers, and chemoattraction of macrophages. The greatest effectiveness determined was with the combined administration of the biomaterial. BMA has an actoprotective effect.

Aim. To assess the features of the clinical picture of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction with depressive disorder (DD). Materials and methods. We examined 101 patients with stable CAD who had myocardial infarction more than six months ago: 67 CAD patients with depression (Group 1) and 34 CAD patients without depression (Group 2). The clinical picture of CAD was assessed by complaints, angina self-monitoring diaries, and exercise tests. The presence and severity of DD was determined using psychometric scales: BDI (Beck Depression Scale), HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and the opinion of a psychiatrist. Five-year survival information was obtained through telephone interviews with patients and their relatives. Results. In patients with CAD and DD in comparison with patients without DD self-monitoring diaries revealed more frequent angina attacks: 9 [6; 12] vs 6 [4; 7] per week (p=0.0001), the greater need for sublingual nitrates: 2 [0; 9] pills vs 0 [0; 4] pills (p=0.0001). DD significantly reduced exercise tolerance: 370 [250; 450] meters vs 435 [350; 500] meters using the six-minute walk test (p=0.04), according to the results of bicycle ergometry – 50 [25; 75] W vs 75 [50; 75] W (p=0.03). After 5 years of follow-up patients with comorbidities (CAD and DD) had a greater number of deaths: 13 (19.4%) vs 2 (5.9%), respectively, survived – 54 (80.6%) vs 32 (94.1%) (Gehan–Wilcoxon test, p=0.04). Conclusion. The comorbidity CAD and DD leads to a worsening of the clinical course of CAD and prognosis, which actualizes the need for verification of the diagnosis of DD and timely prescription of antidepressant therapy.

Abstract We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate the effects of peri-procedural desmopressin in patients without known inherited bleeding disorders undergoing surgery or other invasive procedures. We included 63 randomized trials (4163 participants) published up to February 1, 2023. Seven trials were published after a 2017 Cochrane systematic review on this topic. There were 38 trials in cardiac surgery, 22 in noncardiac surgery, and 3 in non-surgical procedures. Meta-analyses demonstrated that desmopressin likely does not reduce the risk of receiving a red blood cell transfusion (25 trials, risk ratio [RR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86 to 1.05) and may not reduce the risk of reoperation due to bleeding (22 trials, RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.19) when compared to placebo or usual care. However, we demonstrated significant reductions in number of units of red blood cells transfused (25 trials, mean difference -0.55 units, 95% CI − 0.94 to − 0.15), total volume of blood loss (33 trials, standardized mean difference − 0.40 standard deviations; 95% CI − 0.56 to − 0.23), and the risk of bleeding events (2 trials, RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.84). The certainty of evidence of these findings was generally low. Desmopressin increased the risk of clinically significant hypotension that required intervention (19 trials, RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.41). Limited evidence suggests that tranexamic acid is more effective than desmopressin in reducing transfusion risk (3 trials, RR 2.38 favoring tranexamic acid, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.39) and total volume of blood loss (3 trials, mean difference 391.7 mL favoring tranexamic acid, 95% CI − 93.3 to 876.7 mL). No trials directly informed the safety and hemostatic efficacy of desmopressin in advanced kidney disease. In conclusion, desmopressin likely reduces periprocedural blood loss and the number of units of blood transfused in small trials with methodologic limitations. However, the risk of hypotension needs to be mitigated. Large trials should evaluate desmopressin alongside tranexamic acid and enroll patients with advanced kidney disease.

Background. Kemerovo Region has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) with incidence rates twice the national average. The circulating variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis significantly influence the TB epidemic process. Screening of epidemically significant variants of the pathogen in areas with a high burden of TB underlies epidemiological diagnosis and is necessary for the development of effective prevention measures. However, the population structure of M. tuberculosis in the Kemerovo Region — Kuzbass is poorly understood. Aims: to study genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs of M. tuberculosis strains in the Kemerovo Region. Materials and methods. The MIRU-VNTR genotyping of 163 M. tuberculosis strains isolated from TB patients in the Kemerovo Region in March–October 2022 was carried out. Cultivation of M. tuberculosis, drug susceptibility testing, and isolation of genomic DNA were carried out by standard methods. Genotypic identification was performed using MIRU-VNTR (24 loci) typing. In parallel, express genotyping was carried out: identification of isolates of the Beijing genotype (by RD105/207) and non-Beijing; subtyping Beijing using real-time PCR tests for detection of Central Asian Russian and B0/W148; identification of the non-Beijing group by real-tine PCR RT tests for LAM, S, Ural. Results. The isolates of the Beijing genotype (67.5%) were found to dominate both among newly diagnosed (64.4%) and previously treated patients (88.5%). MIRU-VNTR typing revealed 75 profiles, of which 94-32 (35.3%) and 100-32 (15.7%) were the most abundant and belonged to the Beijing genotype. Overall, 39.9% and 20.9% of isolates, respectively, were assigned to the Beijing Central Asian Russian and B0/W148 epidemic clusters, which differed significantly in MDR levels (50.8% and 85.3%, respectively; p = 0.005). The second most common were strains of the genetic family of the Euro-American lineage (L4) (31.9%): LAM (6.7%) Ural (7.4%) Haarlem (4.9%) and L4-unclassified (12.9%), MDR among of these minor genotypes was significantly lower than among Beijing genotype strains, and amounted to 11.5% (p 0.001). Strains from HIV-TB patients (56.4% of the total sample) carried an MDR profile more often (54.8%) compared to TB cases without HIV infection (35.2%) (p = 0.005), which may be due to higher proportion of Beijing genotype strains in the HIV-TB group (75.0% vs. 57.7%; p = 0.026). Complete comparability of the SNP analysis (in-house tests) to identify the main genotypes and epidemically significant Beijing subtypes was shown, which made it possible to characterize 75.5% of the sample by the express method. Conclusions. The molecular genetic screening carried out in the Kemerovo Region revealed the heterogeneity of the M. tuberculosis population, which was dominated by strains of the Beijing genotype, with the frequency of subtypes comparable with other territories of the Siberian Federal District.

Background. The rational nutrition of the child population is given great medical importance as a factor in preserving the health and development of the child. A complete and balanced diet in terms of the content of basic nutrients ensures the normal growth and development of the child’s body.The aim. To analyze of the actual nutrition of adolescents living in rural areas of the Irkutsk region.Materials and methods. The study involved 69 rural adolescents aged 11–17 years (34 boys, 35 girls). The actual nutrition was studied by the method of 24-hour nutrition reproduction. The energy value of the diet was determined, the nature of the provision of the diet with basic macro- and microelements was studied. The obtained values were compared with the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients in 2008 and 2021.Results. The analysis of actual nutrition revealed deviations from the principles of healthy nutrition: insufficient energy value of the diet, deficiency of proteins and fats. The diet of adolescents was characterized by an insufficient content of the main groups of macro- and micronutrients – vitamins A, C and D, essential trace elements, and a deficiency of dietary fiber. The diet of adolescents was characterized by increased sodium intake. The calculated ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates indicated a carbohydrate type of diet.Conclusion. Despite the great attention to the problem of balanced nutrition of adolescents, the question of the impact of nutrition on the health of a teenager, considering the regional factor, remains open. Recommendations for the development of a regional program for the organization of proper nutrition for school-age children are of great practical importance.

Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the key food crops, ranking fourth in the world in terms of sown area and production among cereals. Often, one of the main factors that reduces yield and product quality is the spread of fungal pathogens in commercial crops. Powdery mildew (causative agent: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) is considered one of the most common and harmful among barley diseases. Plant resistance to B. graminis limits the spread of the disease, and the development of resistant cultivars prevents a decrease in plant productivity. The specificity of the host–pathogen relationship and the loss of efficiency in many genes determine the need for a continuous study of previously unexplored local barley forms and a search for new, most effective resistance genes.Materials and methods. The genetic control of juvenile resistance to B. graminis was studied in 14 accessions of spring barley from the Ethiopian (Abyssinian) center of crop origin. The natural population of the pathogen served as infectious material for infecting barley. The intensity and nature of sporulation as well as the qualitative reactions of plant tissues in response to the penetration of the fungus (necrosis and chlorosis) were accepted as indicators of resistance in the accessions. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The genetic control of the resistance trait was studied using the method of hybridological analysis followed by statistical processing.Results and conclusions. Barleys from the Ethiopian center of morphogenesis are characterized by great genetic diversity. Studying the inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew made it possible to ascertain the monogenic control of the trait in all studied forms. Ten barley accessions with one effective recessive resistance allele and four with the dominant control of the trait may be recommended for immunity-targeted breeding.

In this article, effective 3D printing modeling technology of smart bio-medical polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate, modified by humic acids, was researched. Such smart biologically active polymeric hydrogel materials showed interesting applicability in tissue engineering fields due to their intrinsic biological compatibility, adaptability, and capacity to replicate the extracellular matrix environment. A literature review was carried out and proved that 3D printing modeling technology is a perspective for the functional effect on the smart bio-medical polymer hydrogel transdermal properties. Smart biomedical polymeric transdermal hydrogel patches were produced using a micromolding technique. A stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer was used to print the master mold. The three-stage technology of lignite humic acids modification of smart biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal microneedles patches based on gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and sodium alginate was designed. It was shown that modification of gelatin-sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-sodium alginate biopolymer hydrogels by humic acids makes it possible to obtain smart biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials with an increased swelling degree and ability to improve the skin moisture-lipid balance (from the initial moisture 34–36 % and fatness 8–10, they increase to 58–66 % and 52–60 %). Finally, the developed 3D printing modeling technology of smart bio-medical polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials hydrogel based on gelatin sodium alginate, modified by humic acids, is a transdermal material with required properties.

The updated list of semi-aquatic hemipteran insects (Heteroptera) of the Gerromorpha infraorder is provided for the first time for the fauna of Uzbekistan, based on collections studied and literature sources. The insects were collected from 2021 to 2023. As a result, 18 species of water striders with two subspecies belonging to 9 genera, 5 families were identified. Microvelia (Microvelia) reticulata (Burmeister, 1835) is recorded for the first time for the fauna of Uzbekistan. The erroneous species records from some areas of the republic have been corrected.

European plant bug Asciodema obsoleta (Fieber, 1864) was the first to be reported; to date, no records have been published. In our recent fieldwork, we extended the recorded distribution of true bug species and provided the first Uzbekistan record: in the Fergana, Namangan, and Khorezm regions. For this species, collection data in the Khorezm, Namangan, and Fergana regions and information about distribution in Uzbekistan were compared with old literature and online base dates. These species were recorded in 2023 from different places in the territory of Uzbekistan. Until now, reliable information on the zoogeography of A. obsoleta species in Uzbekistan’s south and north-western regions has not been published. The composition of species of true bugs, diversity, and the proportion of endemism vary greatly across the country’s zoogeographic regions in these three regions.

Digital twins represent a promising approach for sustainable building operations and management in the context of the carbon neutrality goals of the European Union (EU). Using OpenStudio, an opensource platform for building energy modeling, we demonstrated the creation and editing of building digital twins. OpenStudio provides a user-friendly interface and extensive simulation capabilities, allowing detailed and accurate modeling of building components and systems. Using OpenStudio Measures, users can automate tasks and customize simulation models to optimize the building performance. The process of creating a building digital twin involves collecting historical data and accurately representing the building geometry; materials; schedules; and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Challenges such as data availability and model accuracy highlight the importance of modeling practices. Editing the digital twin involves modifying the OpenStudio model files and EnergyPlus weather files to simulate different building operation scenarios. Python programming language opportunities were considered for digital twin file modification. The potential of digital twins lies in their ability to simulate future building conditions and optimize building system settings. By integrating digital twins with machine learning algorithms and connecting them directly to building management systems, optimal building control strategies can be automated, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving occupant comfort levels.

Genomic profiling, or molecular profiling of the tumor, is becoming a key component of therapeutic decision making in clinical oncology, and is typically carried out via next generation sequencing. However, the interpretation of the results and evaluation of rationale for targeting the uncovered alterations is challenging and requires a deep understanding of cancer biology, genetics, genomics and oncology. Multidisciplinary molecular tumor boards represent a promising strategy in the facilitation of molecularly-informed therapeutic decisions, and usually consist of specialists with various fields of expertise. To effectively communicate the biological and clinical significance of genomic findings, as well as to make molecular tumor board discussions more productive, we developed and implemented evidence blocks into case discussions in our center. We found that this approach facilitated clinicians’ understanding of the results of genomic profiling, and resulted in shorter yet more efficient case discussions within the molecular tumor board. Here, we discuss our experience with evidence blocks and how their implementation influenced the molecular tumor board practice.

Aim. To assess the rate of adverse cardiovascular events (a combination of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular death) within 12 months after MI in patients who were followed up in outpatient clinics in Moscow after the hospital discharge, as well as its association with antiplatelet therapy.Material and methods. This observational multicenter, open-label, prospective study that consecutively included patients after MI and came for further treatment and observation to the clinic after the hospital discharge, subject to providing informed consent. Data were obtained at four scheduled visits (an inclusion visit and 3 follow-up visits — 3, 6 and 12 months after the event). An analysis was carried out in the context of various antiplatelet therapy.Results. The study included 1576 patients in 27 Moscow clinics (mean age, 62,2±11,1 years; men — 69%; ST-segment elevation MI — 57,7%, non-ST elevation MI — 42,3%). At the time of study inclusion, 47,2% of patients received dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel, 4,2% — prasugrel, 48,6% — ticagrelor, with a mean duration of 11,2 months. Incidence of adverse cardiovascular events over 12-month follow-up rate was low and amounted to 3,4% (cumulative incidence, 0,038). This indicator was significantly lower in the subgroup of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention compared with patients who received conservative therapy for MI (p=0,0002).Conclusion. The study demonstrated a low incidence of adverse cardiovascular events over 12 months in patients followed up in outpatient clinics in Moscow after an MI, while percutaneous coronary intervention for MI was associated with a lower incidence of adverse cardiovascular events compared with conservative therapy.