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The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy to determine the two-photon-exchange contribution with $2\times10^{-4}$ relative accuracy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom undergoes a laser excitation from the singlet hyperfine state to the triplet hyperfine state, then is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after the collisional deexcitation is used as a signature of a successful laser transition between hyperfine states. In this paper, we calculate the combined probability that a $\mu$p atom initially in the singlet hyperfine state undergoes a laser excitation to the triplet state followed by a collisional-induced deexcitation back to the singlet state. This combined probability has been computed using the optical Bloch equations including the inelastic and elastic collisions. Omitting the decoherence effects caused by the laser bandwidth and collisions would overestimate the transition probability by more than a factor of two in the experimental conditions. Moreover, we also account for Doppler effects and provide the matrix element, the saturation fluence, the elastic and inelastic collision rates for the singlet and triplet states, and the resonance linewidth. This calculation thus quantifies one of the key unknowns of the HFS experiment, leading to a precise definition of the requirements for the laser system and to an optimization of the hydrogen gas target where $\mu$p is formed and the laser spectroscopy will occur.

Three scenarios of high gain bow-tie based antenna array systems are introduced and investigated in this paper. The proposed designs are intended for integration as Tx/Rx antennas in C-band communication systems. Wide operating bandwidth and consistent radiation characteristics over the frequency range from 4 GHz to 5 GHz are defined for the three configurations. A two-stage Wilkinson power divider provides the feed mechanism for the proposed array. The initial structure has four radiating elements, each incorporating seven bow-tie dipoles arranged in a printed Log-Periodic Directional Array (PLPDA) configuration. The gain of the second and third designs is improved by adding resonators in front of the array elements. Furthermore, the second design features triangular-shaped resonators, while the third design employs H-shaped resonators. The designs are simulated and optimized using HFSS and CSTMWS software, and subsequently, they are fabricated using the photolithography technique. The initial design demonstrates an experimental bandwidth from 3.7 GHz to 5.1 GHz and achieves a measured gain of 13.8 dBi at 4.7 GHz. The second and third configurations operate in the frequency bands of 4.3 GHz to 5.3 GHz and 3.7 GHz to 5 GHz, respectively, exhibiting measured gains of 14.1 dBi and 15 dBi. The overall dimensions of the proposed arrays are kept within reasonable limits, with the first array being 2.51λ × 2.74λ, the second being 2.09λ × 2.82λ, and the third being 2.51λ × 2.97λ. The three array designs can be considered as good candidates for C-band communication applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a modified rhombic‐shaped wide‐flare two‐arm antenna is proposed for super‐wideband applications of the next generations of mobile technologies. To enhance antenna input impedance and to improve its performance, the copper arms are lithographed on a dielectric substrate with multilayers and fed through a wideband balun that is designed to feed the balanced two‐arm antenna through the conventional (unbalanced) coaxial line. The proposed antenna is fabricated for experimental validation of the simulation results. It is shown through electromagnetic simulation as well as experimental measurements that the proposed antenna is operational in the range of frequencies (2.3‐23 GHz $2.3 \mbox{-} 23\unicode{x0200A}\mathrm{GHz}$). Parametric study is performed to obtain the optimum design of the proposed antenna. The distributions of the surface current on the antenna arms at different frequencies are presented and discussed for more understanding of the antenna operation over the entire frequency band. It is shown that the antenna has a radiation efficiency of greater than 96%, percentage bandwidth of 164%, ratio bandwidth of 10, bandwidth‐to‐dimension ratio of 1360, and maximum gain that exceeds 5 dBi $5\unicode{x0200A}\text{dBi}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Cancer and infectious diseases are problematic because of continuous emergence of drug resistance. One way to address this enormous global health threat is bioprospecting the unlikeliest environments, such as extreme marine niches, which have tremendous biodiversity that is barely explored. One such environment is the Red Sea brine pool, Atlantis II Deep (ATII). Here, we functionally screened a fosmid library of metagenomic DNA isolated from the ATII lower convective layer (LCL) for antibacterial and anticancer activities. Results Selected clones, 14-7E and 10-2G, displayed antibacterial effects on the marine strain Bacillus sp. Cc6. Moreover, whole cell lysates from 14-7E and 10-2G exhibited decreased cell viability against MCF-7 (39.1% ± 6.6, 42% ± 8.1 at 50% v/v) and U2OS cells (35.7% ± 1.9, 79.9% ± 5.9 at 50% v/v), respectively. By sequencing the insert DNA from 14-7E and 10-2G, we identified two putative orphan biosynthetic gene clusters. Both clusters harbored putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter permeases and S-adenosylmethionine-related genes. Interestingly, the biosynthetic gene cluster identified on 14-7E is of archaeal origin and harbors a putative transcription factor. Several identified genes may be responsible for the observed antibacterial and anticancer activities. The 14-7E biosynthetic gene cluster may be encoding enzymes producing a specialized metabolite (effect of detected genes involved in C–C bond formation and glycosylation). The bioactivity may also be due to predicted subtilases encoded by this cluster. The 10-2G cluster harbored putative glycosyltransferase and non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes; thus the observed activity of this clone could be caused by a bioactive peptide. Conclusions The ATII LCL prokaryotic metagenome hosts putative orphan biosynthetic gene clusters that confer antibiotic and anticancer effects. Further biochemical studies should characterize the detected bioactive components, and the potential use of 14-7E metabolite for antibiosis and 10-2G metabolite as a selective anti-breast cancer drug.

Background: Cholinergic neuronal loss is one of the hallmarks of AD related neurodegeneration; however, preclinical promise of α7 nAChR drugs failed to translate into humans. CHRFAM7A, a uniquely human fusion gene, is a negative regulator of α7 nAChR and was unaccounted for in preclinical models. Methods: Molecular methods: Function of CHRFAM7A alleles was studied in vitro in two disease relevant phenotypic readouts: electrophysiology and Aβ uptake. Genome edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were used as a model system with the human context. Double blind pharmacogenetic study: We performed double-blind pharmacogenetic analysis on the effect of AChEI therapy based on CHRFAM7A carrier status in two paradigms: response to drug initiation and DMT effect. Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used as outcome measure. Change in MMSE score from baseline was compared by 2-tailed T-test. Longitudinal analysis of clinical outcome (MMSE) was performed using a fitted general linear model, based on an assumed autoregressive covariance structure. Model independent variables included age, sex, and medication regimen at the time of the first utilized outcome measure (AChEI alone or AChEI plus memantine), APOE4 carrier status (0, 1 or 2 alleles as categorical variables) and CHRFAM7A genotype. Findings: The direct and inverted alleles have distinct phenotypes. Functional CHRFAM7A allele classifies the population as 25% non-carriers and 75% carriers. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models α7 nAChR mediated Aβ neurotoxicity. Pharmacological readout translates into both first exposure (p = 0.037) and disease modifying effect (p = 0.0048) in two double blind pharmacogenetic studies. Interpretation: CHRFAM7A accounts for the translational gap in cholinergic strategies in AD. Clinical trials not accounting for this uniquely human genetic factor may have rejected drug candidates that would benefit 25% of AD. Reanalyses of the completed trials using this pharmacogenetic paradigm may identify effective therapy.Funding:

Nowadays the world discuss the problem of the cryptocurrency and shows several risks in dealing with this new investment or banning it by governments and the main issue of this paper is how can the third part ex: (exchange market for trading cryptocurrencies) avoid cybercriminal activities, In this paper, we will define only two of cybercriminals that related to the third part directly, First: Ransomware attacks and how the process of storing cryptocurrencies can be secured. Second: Black net in which many illegal trades could be done and how can the third part (governments) monitor the relationship between buyers and sellers to avoid this problem. In this paper, we propose a framework that proposed in anew exchange market by integrating blockchain technology and IOT (internet of things) to increase the security in the two processes that consider the main issues for the exchange market: first: storing the cryptocurrencies securely and avoid ransomware attacks, second: monitoring the transactions and avoid illegal business (black net) could happen through it. And we can implement this framework for special types of partially decentralized cryptocurrencies ex: NEO and Libra coin. Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Hyperledger, Ransomware, Black Net, Blockchain, Internet of Things JEL Classifications: E58, M15, K22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9130

Objective: To assess the implementation and efficiency of medical education among the caregivers of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to investigate its success factors. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2014 to March 2014 in a tertiary healthcare center. Study included 120 caregivers of children with CHD visiting the Paediatric Cardiology Clinic that included 93% mothers, aged 31.72 ± 6.67 years, 38.3% Saudi citizens and 45.0% had a high educational level. Caregivers were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire that included socio-demographic data of participants and demographic and clinical data of patients; awareness about the diagnosis and self-assessed understanding of thedisease; disease dimensions explained, educational material used andefficacy of whole medical education received in alleviating caregivers' anxiety. Results: Of children who had CHD, around 42.5% were males aged 5.65 ± 3.99 years and 37.3% had ventral septal defect, 14.4% had atrial septal defectand 19.5% had a complex CHD. Study results showed that 83.3% of caregivers were aware of the correct diagnosis and 64.2% had good understanding of the nature and effect of the disease. Frequently explained disease dimensions were impact on child's growth (65.8%), complications (57.5%), and outcomes (55.0%). Least frequently explained dimensions were those related to infective endocarditis (IEC) including risk factors (15.8%), prophylaxis (17.5%), complications (19.2%) and symptoms (22.5%). The whole medical education received was efficient to enable good understanding of the disease and alleviate anxiety in 70.8% and 62.5% of the cases, respectively. Time dedicated to educate, use of illustrating educational materials, explaining various disease dimensions (aetiology, complications, prognosis, long-term management, etc.) and the number of dimensions explained were all significant predictors for both good understanding of the child's disease and anxiety relief among caregivers.

Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. In patients with hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation is the most common comorbid cardiac condition. Here, the authors report a case of a 47-year-old female with no significant medical history who presented with heart failure symptoms. Further analysis confirmed atrial fibrillation with a dilated atria and severe mitral regurgitation. In addition, she was found to be hyperthyroid. Accordingly, electrical cardioversion treatment was initiated, and her hyperthyroidism was managed. This resulted in her normal sinus rhythm being restored and subsequently being maintained. A repeat echocardiography 6 months later showed resolution of mitral regurgitation, improvement of atrial size and normalization of the left ventricular systolic function. Therefore, based on this case report, the authors suggest that atrial remodeling and functional mitral regurgitation secondary to atrial dilatation can be reversed by restoring and maintaining the sinus rhythm.