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Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The artistic thought of traditional garden landscape design has an important influence on garden art, and architectural theory and gardening theory are also inextricably linked. In modern gardens, traditional architecture lacks applicability to the construction of garden painting environment. Based on the background of modern gardens today, this paper studies the landscape design approaches that have the effect of painting in modern gardens, in order to provide references for modern gardens design. Virtual reality technology mainly provides users with a three-dimensional image environment through the use of simulation methods, which can truly reflect the changes and interactions of operating objects, thus forming a virtual world and establishing a relationship between users and the virtual world, interactive virtual 3D interactive interface. Based on the comparison of mainstream engine systems, this paper selects a suitable virtual reality system based on the characteristics of garden landscape design. On this basis, it further studies and researches the functions of the engine system selected by the research institute and explores the virtual reality system that meets the characteristics of creating garden landscape engineering. In the real work process, a three-dimensional virtual environment of the garden landscape is finally selected, so as to lay a solid foundation for applying virtual reality technology to garden landscape design, and strive to gain an advantage in the application field of virtual reality technology in this industry. Traffic congestion and frequent traffic accidents have become a major obstacle to urban development, the use of intelligent transportation systems to solve urban traffic problems has become the consensus of managers, so this paper uses intelligent sensor technology to schedule traffic flow. Experimental results show that virtual reality technology mainly uses simulation methods to give users a personal experience. The density of green space corridors simulated by VR technology can be increased from 1.25 km/km2 to 2.41 km/km2, which is more than doubled, which significantly improves the connectivity of green spaces and effectively improves the ecological functions of green spaces. Engineers, owners, and the public can see the final design effect in real time from any angle and can also interact with the flowers and trees in the scene to understand the design concept of landscape architects more comprehensively, thereby enhancing publicity effect, to achieve fast and effective dissemination. It is beneficial for users to really participate in the project design. The application prospect will be very broad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinspired architectures are effective in enhancing the mechanical properties of materials, yet are difficult to construct in metallic systems. The structure-property relationships of bioinspired metallic composites also remain unclear. Here, Mg-Ti composites were fabricated by pressureless infiltrating pure Mg melt into three-dimensional (3-D) printed Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds. The result was composite materials where the constituents are continuous, mutually interpenetrated in 3-D space and exhibit specific spatial arrangements with bioinspired brick-and-mortar, Bouligand, and crossed-lamellar architectures. These architectures promote effective stress transfer, delocalize damage and arrest cracking, thereby bestowing improved strength and ductility than composites with discrete reinforcements. Additionally, they activate a series of extrinsic toughening mechanisms, including crack deflection/twist and uncracked-ligament bridging, which enable crack-tip shielding from the applied stress and lead to "Γ"-shaped rising fracture resistance R-curves. Quantitative relationships were established for the stiffness and strengths of the composites by adapting classical laminate theory to incorporate their architectural characteristics. Bioinspired architectures are desired to achieve improved mechanical properties, but challenging to achieve in metallic systems. Here the authors fabricate a Mg-Ti interpenetrating phase composite with brick-and-mortar, Bouligand, and crossed-lamellar architectures by pressureless infiltrating method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we understand architecture as a three-part system formed by the building, its image, or drawings and images describing buildings, and the critical discourse around architecture, then the texts or ways of speaking about architecture play a key role in understanding the field and its development. By analysing a corpus of around 4.6 million words from texts written between 2005 and 2020 that form a part of critical discourse in computational architecture (understood as the result of the intense digitalization of the field), this paper aims to map ways of speaking about computational architecture. This contributes to architectural theory and might help gain a better understanding of the evolution of the digitalization of construction in general. Findings show that computational architecture is surrounded by a specific way of speaking, hybridized with words from fields such as biology, neuroscience, arts and humanities, and engineering. While some topics such as 'sustainability' or 'biology' come up consistently in the discourse, others, such as 'people' or 'human', have periods when they are more and less popular. After highlighting open research questions, the paper concludes by presenting a map of periodic and recurring topics in ways of speaking about computational architecture over the last 15 years, thus tracking and documenting long-term trends, and illuminating patterns in the broader field of digital construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phainomena is the property of Phenomenological Society of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For Furuhata, a media studies approach to various forms of climate engineering, which she theorizes as "climatic media", holds both methodological and analytical significance. Ultimately, Climatic Media makes an important contribution to the history of science and technology, environmental media, and architecture, and it attunes us to transpacific exchanges and connections that together shape our current media and climate condition. Many recent works, including Yuriko Furuhata's I Climatic Media: Transpacific Experiments in Atmospheric Control i , have emerged from a deep concern for our present time, which is marked by both planetary climate crisis and dependency on computational media. [Extracted from the article]

"Excavating 2020: Review of Remote Practices: Architecture at a Distance" is a book review published in Architectural Theory Review. The review discusses the book "Remote Practices," edited by Matthew Mindrup and Lilian Chee, which explores the challenges and opportunities of architecture as a remote practice. The book is based on contributions from a conference held in 2020 and includes essays on topics such as historical case studies, dispersed means of architectural production, and the digital practices forced upon the discipline by the pandemic. While some essays are seen as evocative of the early days of the pandemic, the review questions whether the book, as a more permanent medium, was necessary given the changing circumstances. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Material Matters," explores the significance of materials in the field of heritage conservation. It argues that material choices in design and construction have far-reaching implications beyond aesthetics and technology, impacting economic and social status, cultural identity, and power relations. The article also challenges the traditional preservation principles that prioritize physical or architectural integrity, suggesting that sites deemed culturally important by underrepresented communities may lack a physical presence due to historical inequities. The papers presented in this issue delve into the deeper implications of materials in defining built heritage and uncovering undisclosed truths. [Extracted from the article]

This study investigates the development of the Hat monotile, a singular tile designed by David Smith and his team, capable of covering surfaces with unique, non-repeating, aperiodic patterns. We enhance this tiling concept by integrating diverse motifs into the Hat monotile, improving its attractiveness and adaptability. Utilizing computational tools, we experiment with these tiles to assess their potential in architecture, specifically focusing on their ability to innovate facade designs through simplified fabrication processes, cost reduction, and greater design flexibility. Our research demonstrates the practical applications of these distinctive patterns, bridging the gap between mathematical theories and architectural implementation. The objective is to encourage further exploration and innovation in applying aperiodic patterns, underlining their potential to discover the beauty in asymmetrical forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the concept of "architectural ingenuity" to scientific discourse, elucidating its dynamic and evolving nature. It addresses the complexity inherent in integrating architectural design with applied and theoretical thermodynamics. Architectural paradigms, viewed through a thermodynamic lens, have evolved in response to climatic conditions over time. This evolution entails the optimization of architectural elements and configurations to maximize energy flow and adaptability to prevailing thermodynamic boundary conditions. "Architectural ingenuity", operating within a thermodynamic framework, optimizes efficiency by engaging with thermodynamic boundary conditions through elements like building orientation and materials. The constructal law provides a methodological scientific framework for integrating and analyzing historical legacies with architectural innovation, facilitating the evolution of "architectural ingenuity". "Climatic constructal heterotopia" epitomizes a novel fundamental architectural theory and a robust scientific methodology founded on thermodynamic principles. Through the synthesis of historical insights under the lens of principles such as entropy minimization, energy optimization, and flow dynamics within the constructal law framework, this concept aims to advance the evolution of sustainable architectural design practices. It places particular emphasis on their evolution over logarithmic time scales, reflecting a deep understanding of the intricate interplay between architecture and thermodynamics. In conclusion, this article strives to contribute a new perspective to the architectural theory discourse, unraveling the intricate interplay between "architectural ingenuity", natural principles, thermodynamics and the evolution of design that is governed by Adrian Bejan's constructal law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Disney Animation Renaissance: Behind the Glass at the Florida Studio" by Mary E. Lescher explores the intersection of Disney Studies and the theme park industry during the Eisner Era. The book focuses on the Walt Disney Feature Animation Florida studio from 1989 to 2004, examining major productions like The Lion King and the art and culture of the Disney Renaissance. Lescher also discusses the frictions between the parks and animators, as well as the development of the attraction "The Magic of Disney Animation." The book offers insights into the operations of the studio and its role in Disney's branding strategies, making it a valuable resource for Disney scholars and fans. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines the spaces where Buddhist spiritual activity—specifically mindfulness practice—takes place, exploring how contemporary urban Buddhist contemplative places may benefit people's mindful experience. Historical Buddhist contemplative places are examined through a literature review of Buddhist philosophy and Buddhist architecture and landscape. A case study of Kagyu Samye Dzong London, UK (KSDL) in the contemporary western context is then presented, drawing upon mixed methods (qualitative spatial analysis, questionnaires with mindfulness practitioners, and an in-depth interview with the director of the Buddhist center). This study investigates the relationship between the Buddhist spiritual activity of mindfulness practice and one specific physical space, exploring how the KSDL has been designed and is used to facilitate such mindfulness awareness and insight. Results suggest that quiet, solitude, and the presence of nature are three tangible spatial qualities that can facilitate mindful practice to some extent. However, additional relational or intangible qualities, namely the presence of The Three Jewels and blessings, are equally if not more important when sustaining mindfulness for Buddhist practitioners, and these contemplative qualities are more than "spatial". Both the physical tangible qualities and intangible qualities are indispensable in the contemplative space and in influencing one's practice. Findings evidence the importance of physical design and space for supporting contemporary mindfulness practitioners, whilst acknowledging that mindfulness emanates from—and can ultimately be discovered from—within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arq.urb is the property of Arq.urb and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of economic globalization and the information age, architecture has gradually become a kind of seal of politics, capital and culture, and is divorced from the spirit and life experience of the existing places in the region. Therefore, the field of architecture constantly seeks new research paradigm from the interdisciplinary perspective and reconsiders the creative activities of architecture. From the late last century, with the introduction of architecture by postmodern philosophy, semiotics, geographical psychology, phenomenology and cultural anthropology, there has been a cross-research between architecture and narratology. The recent research hopes to conduct an in-depth analysis of the theory of architectural spatial narrative and its development in the context of complex disciplines, and to research spatial narrative as a design methodology for architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperial Hotel Tokyo, Japan is a representative work of Frank Lloyd Wright. Entrance central hall of hotel which was moved to Meiji Mura Museum is still an important site for studying Wright's architectural theory and style. By combing the protection movement of the Imperial Hotel, the social background and protection concept from architectural characteristics, protection concept and urban construction are analysed. Taking the protection and utilization project of the Imperial Hotel as an example, the specific contents and implementation status of the conservation methods such as "style protection", "relocation conservation" and "field museum exhibition" are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Tecnica y Mainstreaming Social is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parametric design, driven by digital technology, has sparked extensive research and debate in the domains of architecture and urban planning, offering a new approach to issue solving. Architecture and landscape architecture, like architecture and urban planning, are disciplines that are part of the artificial environment. Architectural landscape design has begun to be influenced by parametric design. This study presents a more technical parametric design technique of architectural landscape design that involves artificial intelligence parametric analysis and proposes an architectural landscape planning and design method that incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) parametric analysis. This is a new discipline of concurrent design that complements and expands architectural landscape design methodologies and is based on artificial intelligence methods. This study integrates artificial intelligence parametric design theory and methodology into architectural landscape design and presents a parametric method appropriate for landscape architecture design based on architectural landscape architecture characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misinformation, disinformation, or fake news pose a new societal challenge. Through Kantian philosophy, we postulate this as an ethical challenge, one driven by social forces that shape social media's use towards unethical knowledge production. However, automated or intelligent technologies can also be a solution in acting as a polygraph on social media platforms. We propose such technology could be ethical-by-design if we bring moral philosophy into a software architecture. Kant's philosophical formalism is well-aligned with computing logic, especially blockchain applications. However, we must also remain highly vigilant to the conceptual complexities, the existing critiques on Kantian ethics and deontology, and the general approach of imbuing moral thinking into a machine-especially if based on only one, rather hard-lined philosophy. While the principled nature of Kant's propositions make for a suitable architecture, it poses in itself critical ethical concerns and considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to establish a satisfaction evaluation model of industrial heritage renewal by evaluating the performance of old industrial buildings after renewal, then judging the adaptability and accuracy of the transformation strategy and putting forward targeted improvement suggestions. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software using a structural equation model (SEM) and importance–performance analysis (IPA). The results show that (1) history, culture, and placeness have the largest average satisfaction and a positive and significant impact on overall satisfaction; (2) the building regeneration effect has a significant impact on overall satisfaction; and (3) social influence, external environmental perception, and economic benefits have no significant effect on overall satisfaction, indicating the need to strengthen public participation for further research into environmental creation, market-based operation, and land conservation. This case study reflects the distinctive features of internationalization and localization, and provides an indication of local practice in China for world urban renewal and architectural heritage theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay describes a discourse analysis of the concept of authenticity on the basis of influential theories within the field of monument preservation. The phenomenon of reconstruction or the concrete treatment of (ruinous) historical buildings serves as an example for the concrete application of these theories in architectural practice. From a historical perspective, specific understandings of authenticity in Viollet-le)Duc, John Ruskin, Alois Riegl, Walter Benjamin or the Venice Charter are analysed, and it is shown how they lead to different concepts of architectural reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1960s to the 1970s, the Western society experienced a process of transition from a production-oriented society to a consumer-oriented one. During this process, a number of avant-garde architectural groups and publications appeared. The Institute of Architecture and Urban Studies (IAUS) in New York, USA and Oppositions founded in 1973 are representative in this process. This article looks at Oppositions, discusses its production changes in the social environment, analyzes its production process and theoretical change trends, and believes that the process of "Secession" is the reflection of architectural autonomy. Looking back on the history of IAUS and Oppositions, it is necessary to look for the possibility of architectural autonomy in the rapidly changing social process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernando Chueca's architectural work covers a wide period from 1936 to 2004. During this time, he got involved in architectural and urban projects, and developed a wide range of activities related to cultural heritage preservation. His multifaceted personality resulted in his being a full professor, a tireless researcher, an eloquent speaker, and a prolific essayist. Through this graphic biography (where all kinds of drawings and writings are running in parallel, acting in a complementary manner), we will highlight Chueca's most significant aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the aspects of myth, perceived as an existential, reality-based narrative and a means of semantic expression, which are associated with architectural theory and the expression of the architectural environment. The question about the role myths play in the process of adding meaning to a public space is raised. The article also addresses the importance of place recognition and the social and psychological need it creates to encode symbols in the architectural environment. Specific cases of myth coding are discussed and features of their expression are distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aesthetic comprehension of space is a process of transforming the user into an experiencer and narrator. In Japanese architecture, spatial narration is a method of constructing a bridge between the experiencer and space. This article examines the role of spatial narration as a design tool for spatial atmosphere by considering two acclaimed projects of contemporary Japanese architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychology: Science & Practice is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, "Ss. Cyril & Methodius" University in Skopje and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gertrud Lehnert (Bielefeld: Transcript, 2011); Andreas Reckwitz, "Affective Spaces: A Praxeological Outlook", I Rethinking History i 16 (2012): 241-58. 8 Rob Boddice, I The History of Emotions i (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018), 168-89. 9 See, for example, Margrit Pernau, "Space and Emotion: Building to Feel", I History Compass i 12 (2014): 541-49; Roy Kozlovsky, "Architecture, Emotions and the History of Childhood", in I Childhood, Youth and Emotions in Modern History i , ed. Moreover, the introduction of emotions clearly reveals theoretical and methodological tensions between urban history, architectural history, history of memory, history of the body, and material history. This is not only the latest step in inducting an architecture-emotions dynamic into emotions history broadly considered, but also the latest refinement of this dynamic, such that it fosters the further development of theoretical and methodological approaches in our field. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art Inquiry is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a tripartite analysis of the political use of the Europa and the Bull myth in pro-European and Eurosceptical representations using the “in-between” concept. The “in-between” has long been used in philosophy and architecture and has been presented by Elizabeth Grosz (2001) within a broader context as an insightful tool for analysis. Here I use it to reveal the inner meanings of the myth and its political uses. First, I analyse how this concept of the “in-between” unfolds in two fundamental ideas of the myth, transformation (or metamorphosis) and transition (or transportation), signifying on a symbolic and political level a passage from one place/state of being to another, thus making it instrumental in shaping the political dynamic of the myth in the twentieth and twenty-first century. Secondly, I examine the role of this “in-between” concept in the process of the transformation of the myth from a cultural to a political one and in the use of the myth as such during times of European Union (EU) conflicts. Finally, I present artworks created by contemporary Greek artists in the years 2002-2018 as evidence of the above, setting their work on the international stage of artistic responses within the political arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Space-human relationship is studied in a wide range of fields from architecture to philosophy, from psychology to phenomenology. The fact that space is the object of study in many areas the space has a multi-dimensional structure. The phenomenon of space, which gains importance in the world of the modern individual, has to be evaluated not only with its physical boundaries but also with its cultural, class, political and spiritual functions. One of the fields where such an evaluation can be made is literature. In the literary text, the multi-dimensional structure of the space can be observed and observations can be made regarding the space-human relationship. It is possible to explore through literature how the space acquires new meanings with perception, how it can be reinterpreted and can be an indicator of some emotions, thoughts and mental states. The use of functional space in Turkish literature started with modernization. The space has ceased to be just a place and its one-dimensional structure, it has turned into a perceptual space that can change within the framework of individual sensation, understanding and mental state. In this study, the spatial elements used in Attilâ Ilhan's poems collected in the book I Have to You were examined in the context of perceptual space, and evaluations were made about the importance of the space-human relationship in the poet's poetic approach. This analysis, which was made under four headings, was made in parallel with the thematic classification in the poet's book. Each chapter in the book was evaluated within itself, and the space element was examined in relation to the theme of the chapter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological architecture pursues the harmonious coexistence of natural ecology and built environment. Meanwhile, architectural planning theory, architectural technology, ecological theory, etc. are usually used in this process. The integration of multiple disciplines and the application of modern architectural technology will eventually organically combine ecology and architecture. This paper carries on the design analysis and application analysis of the construction project with the support of the agricultural ecological concept. From the actual situation, agro-ecological buildings need to combine the residential needs of residents with ecological agriculture. In the planning and construction of ecological farms, attention should be paid to maintaining the original natural ecology and integrating the local human environment. In addition, this paper studies the design requirements and design methods of agricultural ecological construction projects, and conducts design analysis of agricultural ecological construction projects through cases. The research results show that the design method of agro-ecological building engineering in this paper has certain effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the methods and assumptions of critical theory, and argues that a set of qualities, including paradox, contradiction, and intellectual consensus of architecture; and discusses the sources of epistemology to rely on explanation of power that reflect on political realities.

Scholars have generally analyzed the weaver Ethel Mairet's work in terms of her craft practice and textile objects but have generally neglected her written work. More than a practitioner, Mairet read contemporary architectural and social theory, and her written work responds to discussions of design, technology, and biology found in Lewis Mumford, Sir Patrick Geddes, and László Moholy-Nagy. This engagement is most clearly signalled by her adoption and extension of the concept of "biotechnics." In this article, I argue that this concept allowed Mairet to mediate between embodied and historical knowledge, tradition and modernism, and, by positioning the craft workshop as a research laboratory, between hand craft and industrial production. This article begins by surveying discussions of biotechnics among leading architects and designers, highlighting Mairet's unique appropriation of the concept for the histories of materials, and textiles in particular. I then examine two sites of Mairet's engagement in biotechnics: the school and the workshop. Mairet developed teaching programs for primary-school students based on the idea that the study of textiles and their biotechnics offered a method for understanding how materials were shaped by historical processes. In this way, she used textiles to connect students to history, geography, biology, and other subjects of study in science and culture. Research in biotechnics was thus not limited to scientific spaces, but had been practiced throughout the history of craft by sheep breeders, spinners, dyers, and, finally, weavers. Next, I examine how Mairet conceived that the weaver would use this knowledge in determining how to "express" a fiber's biotechnics. I compare Mairet's approach to that of Bauhaus weaving, demonstrating that despite considerable agreement on approaches to the craft, Mairet's approach is distinctive in its treatment of history and materials. Finally, I suggest how Mairet's approach to materials positions her as a modernist, yet one who remains connected to historical and traditional knowledge. Biotechnics allowed Mairet to mediate between her Arts and Crafts values and roots and the imperatives of modern industrial production so persistent in the debates of her period and subsequent scholarly literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]