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As a natural phenomenon, people with disabilities were not stigmatized from the very beginning. In antiquity, some parts of their body being “different from those of normal persons,” they were considered to have a special ability to communicate with heaven, earth, and the Gods. As a result, people with disabilities were able to hold the position of “wizard,” which had a high status and important influence. However, with the division of labor in the human society, people with disabilities gradually lost the prerogative in labor production due to the limitation of their ability to work, which affected their social status and led to the social discrimination and “stigmatization” toward them gradually. Before this transformation happened, people's envision on people with disabilities, including a variety of images, was indicative of the social consciousness at that time.

The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has posed a number of serious challenges not only for the Russian state, but also for the medical community. At the same time, doctors who are at the forefront of the fight against the pandemic can be safely attributed to the most affected professional group in all respects. The medical community had to not only promptly respond to new challenges, but also resolve issues related to the protection, health restoration and social protection of its own members. Specialists working in the social sphere also found themselves in an equally difficult situation. Measures taken at the state level to organize insurance, social protection and support for medical and social workers allowed us to maintain the human potential of the medical and social sphere. One of the most important links in the process of providing victims as a result of contact with coronavirus infection in the line of duty is a medical and social examination, on the decisions of which not only the possibility of receiving the types of state social assistance due, but also the volume and quality of the rehabilitation measures carried out depends largely. In the article, the authors consider the methodological foundations of medical and social expertise in coronavirus infection and the principles of determining the degree of disability and the appointment of rehabilitation measures, an overview of the main state social protection measures in relation to medical and social workers is given.

Although vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) has a major impact on morbidity, functional status, and quality of life, data concerning the influence on the patient’s ability to work (ATW) are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the work status after VO-treatment as well as risk factors associated with loss of the ATW. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of data from a prospective VO-registry (2008–2019) supplemented by workforce data. Primary endpoint was the work status after one year (T1). Univariate analysis comparing patients’ characteristics “at-work” versus “not-at-work” at T1 was performed. Of a total of 335 VO-patients, n = 52 (16%) were part of the workforce at time of diagnosis (T0), of which 22 (42%) failed to be part of the workforce at T1. A higher number of comorbidities and a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 were associated with a reduced ATW. VO in working age patients is a debilitating condition and associated with reduced patients’ ATW. Patients engaged in heavy physical work mostly had a BMI < 25 kg/m2 and therefore were more severely affected and no longer able to keep their workforce. More support in retraining should be offered after successful treatment to maintain ATW and reduce the socio-economic burden.

Occupational prestige or job status may induce people to remain unemployed even when jobs are available. Thus measured unemployment will always have a voluntary component. Accumulated wealth in a family tends to increase the opportunity cost of job search, more so in a world where job status is socially important. Thus prosperity and unemployment may go hand in hand independent of the standard income effect. The paper shows that measured unemployment always may have a voluntary component. In fact an increase in reservation wage increases voluntary unemployment. However, the impact on the level in involuntary unemployment of such an increase cannot be easily predicted.

The article substantiates the possibility of forming universal educational actions that characterize the information literacy of a primary schoolchild. The following actions are considered: data search in a mathematical task, presentation of information in a given or independently selected form, interpretation of information obtained during the solution in the form of an answer, conclusion or explanation. The pedagogical conditions for the successful development of a primary school student’s ability to work with information using the means of the subject “Mathematics” are described: highlighting common skills and actions for mathematical and informational literacy, using group work to motivate children to learn, maximize inclusion in it, etc.

The results of research carried out by theFederalScientificCenterfor Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management Technologies for the period 2013–2018 showed that diseases associated with the combined effects of vibration and physical overload, employees of hazardous industries develop with experience of 15 years or more. The risk group is women older than 35 years and men older than 40 years. Pathology at the stage of detailed clinical manifestations is characterized by persistent pain syndrome, and, as a consequence, a decrease in the ability to work of workers.The aim of the study was to optimize the system of diagnosis of hand diseases in workers of industrial enterprises engaged in labor activities under the combined effects of vibration and physical overload, for the development of primary prevention programs.The observation group consisted of 32 employees aged 39.3±4.3 years, with an experience of 17.4±4.3 years; the comparison group consisted of 30 employees whose working conditions are not related to the studied factors; the average age was 40.6±3.4 years, experience was 19.1±3.1 years. The examination included analysis of the results of a special assessment of working conditions; assessment of neurological status; functional tests; laboratory studies (assessment of inflammation), hand dynamometry, stimulation electroneuromyography; x-rays of the hands and wrist joints, ultrasound examination of the hands.More than half of the surveyed persons of the observation group and 3/4 of the workers of the comparison group did not make complaints. Indicators of dynamometry of workers in both groups corresponded to physiological norm (p>0.05). Analysis of the results of dynamometer with data from previous years of PMO showed a decrease in strength of muscles of the hand leading hands on 2je,0–16. 7% and from 83.3% of the employees of the monitoring group and in 44.4% of the comparison group (pIn order to optimize the diagnosis of diseases of the hand in industrial workers who carry out their work under the combined effects of vibration and physical overload, in the case of a decrease in the rate of carpal dynamometry by 5% or more during the year, it is recommended to conduct ultrasound of the tendon-ligamentous apparatus of the hand, which will allow timely identification of early signs of tendinopathy.

Driving while sleepy on a regular basis may be due to sleep restriction associated with work schedules or with poor sleep hygiene. It also may be associated with sleep disorders or with sedative drugs. This review assesses the potential consequences of driving sleepy on a regular basis from a societal point of view. Driving while sleepy on a regular basis increases the risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), impairs the ability to work, has an impact on productivity, and probably also has an impact on the risk of non-MVA occupational accidents and on public disasters.

The article analyzes the views of scientists on the use of lapbooking in elementary schools. It is found that the methodology of lapbooking allows you to unlock the potential of each student in the process of creating individual or more often collective work. In particular, the lapbook forms key skills and abilities, which are required by the educational vector of the New Ukrainian School. In addition, it takes into account cross-curricular learning and social competencies, which help each individual to become successful and adapt in society. The article proves that the use of Lapbooks is reasonable not only when studying a single topic, but also as a complex, systemic type of work, as close to the project and research activities as possible. It was found out that the introduction of lapbooking at different stages of studying subjects is effective, as it covers different types of activity: pair and group work; search methods and work with information (ability to work with sources, generalize and systematize, draw conclusions, formulate own statements concisely and informatively). It is noted that the technique of lapbooking can be applied as early as preschool age with a gradual complication of high school. Consequently, the general essence of lapbooking is systematized with the help of integrative diagrams and charts. It is determined that the educational industry must be flexible to timely respond to changes in society and provide the professional market with specialists, successful and active citizens who are able not only to adapt, but also to realize themselves. The innovativeness of the lapbooking method is that it combines different areas of activity simultaneously: informational, research, design, communicative, creative, technological, aesthetic. The results of the study allow us to recommend lapbooking as the main method of work in elementary school (when studying any topic or academic subject). The article analyzes the views of scientists on the use of lapbooking in elementary schools. It is found that the methodology of lapbooking allows you to unlock the potential of each student in the process of creating individual or more often collective work. In particular, the lapbook forms key skills and abilities, which are required by the educational vector of the New Ukrainian School. In addition, it takes into account cross-curricular learning and social competencies, which help each individual to become successful and adapt in society. The article proves that the use of Lapbooks is reasonable not only when studying a single topic, but also as a complex, systemic type of work, as close to the project and research activities as possible. It was found out that the introduction of lapbooking at different stages of studying subjects is effective, as it covers different types of activity: pair and group work; search methods and work with information (ability to work with sources, generalize and systematize, draw conclusions, formulate own statements concisely and informatively). It is noted that the technique of lapbooking can be applied as early as preschool age with a gradual complication of high school. Consequently, the general essence of lapbooking is systematized with the help of integrative diagrams and charts. It is determined that the educational industry must be flexible to timely respond to changes in society and provide the professional market with specialists, successful and active citizens who are able not only to adapt, but also to realize themselves. The innovativeness of the lapbooking method is that it combines different areas of activity simultaneously: informational, research, design, communicative, creative, technological, aesthetic. The results of the study allow us to recommend lapbooking as the main method of work in elementary school (when studying any topic or academic subject). The article analyzes the views of scientists on the use of lapbooking in elementary schools. It is found that the methodology of lapbooking allows you to unlock the potential of each student in the process of creating individual or more often collective work. In particular, the lapbook forms key skills and abilities, which are required by the educational vector of the New Ukrainian School. In addition, it takes into account cross-curricular learning and social competencies, which help each individual to become successful and adapt in society. The article proves that the use of Lapbooks is reasonable not only when studying a single topic, but also as a complex, systemic type of work, as close to the project and research activities as possible. It was found out that the introduction of lapbooking at different stages of studying subjects is effective, as it covers different types of activity: pair and group work; search methods and work with information (ability to work with sources, generalize and systematize, draw conclusions, formulate own statements concisely and informatively). It is noted that the technique of lapbooking can be applied as early as preschool age with a gradual complication of high school. Consequently, the general essence of lapbooking is systematized with the help of integrative diagrams and charts. It is determined that the educational industry must be flexible to timely respond to changes in society and provide the professional market with specialists, successful and active citizens who are able not only to adapt, but also to realize themselves. The innovativeness of the lapbooking method is that it combines different areas of activity simultaneously: informational, research, design, communicative, creative, technological, aesthetic. The results of the study allow us to recommend lapbooking as the main method of work in elementary school (when studying any topic or academic subject).

BackgroundMonitoring differences in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in different groups is crucial to help inform the policy response to the pandemic. A key gap is the absence of data on uptake by occupation.MethodsUsing nationwide population-level data, we calculated the proportion of people who had received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine (assessed on 31 August 2021) by detailed occupational categories in adults aged 40-64 and estimated adjusted odds ratios to examine whether these differences were driven by occupation or other factors, such as education. We also examined whether vaccination rates differed by ability to work from home.ResultsOur study population included 14,298,147 adults 40-64. Vaccination rates differed markedly by occupation, being higher in administrative and secretarial occupations (90.8%); professional occupations (90.7%); and managers, directors and senior officials (90.6%); and lowest (83.1%) in people working in elementary occupations. We found substantial differences in vaccination rates looking at finer occupational groups even after adjusting for confounding factors, such as education. Vaccination rates were higher in occupations which can be done from home and lower in those which cannot. Many occupations with low vaccination rates also involved contact with the public or with vulnerable peopleConclusionsIncreasing vaccination coverage in occupations with low vaccination rates is crucial to help protecting the public and control infection, especially in occupations that cannot be done from home and involve contacts with the public. Policies such as ‘work from home if you can’ may only have limited future impact on hospitalisations and deathsWhat is already known on this subject?Whilst several studies highlight differences in vaccination coverage by ethnicity, religion, socio-demographic factors and certain underlying health conditions, there is very little evidence on how vaccination coverage varies by occupation, in the UK and elsewhere. The few study looking at occupational differences in vaccine hesitancy focus on healthcare workers or only examined broad occupational groups. There is currently no large-scale study on occupational differences in COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the UK.What this study adds?Using population-level linked data combining the 2011 Census, primary care records, mortality and vaccination data, we found that the vaccination rates of adults aged 40 to 64 years in England differed markedly by occupation. Vaccination rates were high in administrative and secretarial occupations, professional occupations and managers, directors and senior officials and low in people working in elementary occupations. Adjusting for other factors likely to be linked to occupation and vaccination, such as education, did not substantially alter the results. Vaccination rates were also associated with the ability to work from home, with the vaccination rate being higher in occupations which can be done performed from home. Policies aiming to increase vaccination rates in occupations that cannot be done from home and involve contacts with the public should be priorities

At the onset of the COVID-19 recession, a large share of the employed switched to remote work. Individual- and firm-level surveys indicated that the switch affected between 35 and 45 percent of workers.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has lasted for over a year, has affected everyone’s lives. It is interesting to examine how populations cope with the new situation and to learn about the impact of the epidemic on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in selected elements of lifestyle compared to the pre-pandemic period among adult Polish residents. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected features of quality of life was examined. It was found that, for some distinguishing factors (i.e., quality of life, health status and sleep quality), there were no statistically significant differences. Other distinguishing factors (i.e., ability to perform daily living activities, ability to work and personal relationships) were statistically different. Another part of the study was to assess changes in the frequency of consumption of specific food groups. The vast majority of respondents declared no changes in the frequency of consumption of selected food products. The majority of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not cause a change in the frequency of drug use (i.e., cigarettes, alcohol and coffee).

Background Negative or adverse effects of psychological treatments are increasingly a focus of psychotherapy research. Yet, we still know little about the prevalence of these effects. Aims Starting from a representative national sample, the prevalence of negative effects and malpractice was determined in a subsample of individuals reporting psychotherapy currently or during the past 6 years. Method Out of an initial representative sample of 5562 individuals, 244 were determined to have had psychotherapy within the past 6 years. Besides answering questions related to treatment, its effects and the therapists, patients filled out the Negative Effects Questionnaire, items of the Inventory of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy reflecting malpractice and the Helping Alliance Questionnaire, and rated psychotherapeutic changes in different areas. Results Rates of positive changes related to therapy varied between 26.6% (relationship to parents) and 67.7% (improvement in depressed mood). Deteriorations were most commonly related to physical well-being (13.1%), ability to work (13.1%) and vitality (11.1%). Although patients generally reported a positive helping alliance, many of them reported high rates of negative effects (though not always linked to treatment). This was especially true of the experience of unpleasant memories (57.8%), unpleasant feelings (30.3%) and a lack of understanding of the treatment/therapist (19.3/18.4%). Indicators of malpractice were less common, with the exception that 16.8% felt violated by statements of their therapist. Conclusions This study helps to better estimate aspects of negative effects in psychotherapy ranging from deteriorations, specific effects and issues of malpractice that should be replicated and specified in future studies.

On March 12, 2021, at 62 years of age, a member of the editorial colleague of the journal Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, a professor and a doctor of medical sciences Igor Valentinovich Pryanikov suddenly passed away. Igor Valentinovich made an invaluable contribution to the development of intensive care and medical rehabilitation of patients with the consequences of serious diseases, injuries and lesions of the central nervous system, the organization of a state system of measures aimed at reducing disability and mortality rates in the Russian Federation.

BACKGROUND Many survivors of the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks in New York City sustained injuries. The aim of this study was to understand how 9/11-related injuries affected retirement patterns of World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees. METHODS The study included enrollees who participated in the 2017 Health & Quality of Life Survey, focused on 9/11-related injuries and quality of life, and the 2017-2018 Health & Employment Survey, focused on retirement and employment (N = 3535). Using Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression modeling, we calculated the risk of retiring at earlier ages and the odds of retirees working again, controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS Results showed that 9/11-related injuries did affect retirement patterns. Injured enrollees were at greater risk of retiring at younger age compared to non-injured enrollees. Compared to more severely injured retirees, non-injured and less severely injured retirees were significantly more likely to work again postretirement. Our results suggested that being injured on 9/11 was associated with retirement, meaning that if the injury had not occurred, the individual may have continued working longer. CONCLUSIONS The need to retire earlier than planned could be addressed with employer and societal changes. Employers should consider making accommodations for those impacted by 9/11 a priority, as it is imperative for those who were injured on 9/11 to have the ability to work to support their physical, mental, and financial well-being.

BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis (IM), mainly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, can result in prolonged symptoms. The objective of this study was to look at the length of sick leave, diagnosis of IM, treatment and comorbidities in a real-world setting in Germany. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study used electronic medical record data from office-based practices in Germany and included patients with an initial confirmed diagnosis of IM between the 1 January 1 2016 and December 31 2018. Patients of working age (18-65 years) with statutory health insurance were included in order to look at the working population who would need a sick note for their employers in case of illness. RESULTS Epstein-Barr virus was the most common cause of IM in this population of 1,596 patients with an average age of 32 years. The majority of patients were women in all cohorts (~60%). Although CFS, myocarditis and thrombocytopenia were not recorded frequently around the index date, the occurrence did increase during the follow-up period. Around half of patients received antibiotics. About 62% of all patients were on sick leave for an average of 20 calendar days around the time of their IM diagnosis. Only 1% were still on sick leave after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS A small percentage of patients remained on continuous sick leave after 6 months, suggesting that the long-term effect of IM on the ability to work was minor in our cohort. However, patients could still be experiencing symptoms that influence their quality of life.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Interdisciplinary engineering programs have many perceived benefits including developing broader skills and an ability to work with complex real-life problems. However, the development of interdisciplinary programs faces many challenges including how to balance breadth and depth, how to integrate interdisciplinary learning into existing studies and how to work across university structures. In the development work and in communicating interdisciplinarity, T-, Y- and Pi-shaped visualisations are often used. We develop an improved model by using biomimetic analogy from genetics to aid in interdisciplinary curriculum planning. We map analogies between how genes and chromosomes act in the evolution of species and how similar mechanisms can aid in evolving curricula. We identify threegenetic mechanisms to include interdisciplinarity in the curriculum: mutations as unplanned changes, DNA inserts as modular curriculum structures, and crossing chromosomes as cross-disciplinary programs. We use examples from two universities to detail how this analogy helps to reframe curriculum planning.

To meet the needs of modern society in an available environment today means the inclusion of disabled people in professional work. The ability to work often depends on education. The quality of education of disabled people is significantly influenced by the preparedness of university teachers to work in inclusion. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to justify the structure of the psychological preparedness of university teachers to work in inclusive education. The leading research methods are the decomposition of the components of the teacher's psychological preparedness, the analysis of teachers' questionnaires, modeling and statistical processing of the research results. 353 university teachers from 25 universities of Russia took part in the experiment in 2018–2019. Based on its results, the authors of the article have identified the components of psychological preparedness for inclusive education; established relationships within the constituent components of psychological preparedness; developed and implemented the structure of psychological preparedness of the teaching staff to work in inclusive education. Practical use of the proposed structure of psychological preparedness of teachers allows to develop recommendations for measures to increase this preparedness of the teaching staff to work with disabled people at university.

We propose a parallel solver for the unicost set covering problem based on branch and bound approach. The main contributions of this algorithm lay in its fast parallel execution and the ability to work in approximate mode. We demonstrate the proposed approach on the problem instances from GECCO 2021 unicost set covering competition. To tackle the presented problem instances of varying difficulty, we use an automatic tuning of the algorithm's parameters. The results show all the instances can be solved but the performance remains weak on large instances.

Prior research has focused on speech language pathologists (SLPs) and teachers and their ability to work with bilingual students. It has been found that both teachers and SLPs struggle to work with bilingual students as they do not have the prior knowledge necessary to work efficiently with these students (Teoh, Brebner, & McAllister, 2017). Additionally, speech therapy and other necessary resources for students to succeed may only be given in one language, potentially not their L1, making it difficult for students and teachers to work in the L2 language (Hammond, Mitchell, & Johnson, 2009). There has been a lack of research that has explored SLPs and the ways in which they treat and work with students who are bilingual and multilingual compared to those who are monolingual. Studying these groups simultaneously will provide information from different learning environments as well as give insight on the amount of or lack of one-on-one attention given to bilingual students in those respective environments. The purpose of this research is to understand how SLPs’ and teachers perceive and work with students who are bilingual versus how they work with and perceive students who are monolingual. Results have shown that there is a significant difference in the level of preparedness of and in the perceptions that teachers and SLPs hold when it comes to working with students who are bilingual and multilingual.

SLE has a range of fluctuating symptoms affecting individuals and their ability to work. Although South Asian (SA) patients are at increased risk of developing SLE there is limited knowledge of the impact on employment for these patients in the UK. Understanding ethnicity and disease-specific issues are important to ensure patients are adequately supported at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients of SA origin to explore how SLE impacted on their employment. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data which are reported following COREQ guidelines. Ten patients (8 female; 2 male) were recruited from three rheumatology centres in the UK and interviewed between November 2019 and March 2020. Patients were from Indian (n = 8) or Pakistani (n = 2) origin and worked in a range of employment sectors. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Disease related factors; (2) Employment related factors; (3) Cultural and interpersonal factors impacting on work ability; (4) Recommendations for improvement. Patients’ ability to work was affected by variable work-related support from their hospital clinicians, low awareness of SLE and variable support from their employers, and cultural barriers in their communities that could affect levels of family support received. These findings highlight the need for additional support for SA patients with SLE in the workplace.

"How do we support children who have aged out of our 0–5 storytimes?"With the introduction of great resources like Every Child Ready to Read and Babies Need Words Every Day, this question popped up more and more in electronic mailing lists, social-media groups, and in-person chats. The truth is, library staff all over the map are doing some really great things for emerging readers in kindergarten and beyond. This question says more about youth library staff’s desire for the confidence that research-based activities can equip us with than our actual ability to work with this age group.

Cognitive fatigability in multiple sclerosis represents the decrease in cognitive performance over time. It is a frequent symptom that negatively affects quality of life and ability to work. There are no objective measures of cognitive fatigability. This study aimed at quantifying cognitive fatigability despite the learning effect and to clarify whether cognitive fatigability represents a free-standing phenomenon rather than an aspect of cognitive impairment. We measured information processing speed with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and the number of right answers was recorded every 30 s for 180 s. We approximated the number of right answers as function of time with two logarithmic models, one including a first-order term alone and the other adding also a second-order term. The coefficient of the latter (B) may quantify performance deflection and may represent cognitive fatigability. We tested 173 patients with multiple sclerosis, including 119 cognitively impaired and 54 cognitively preserved patients, and 35 healthy subjects. The performance of cognitively preserved patients showed a deflection at the end of task that was detected neither in controls nor in cognitively impaired patients and needed a second-order term to be approximated (p < .03, F = 14.02). B was explained neither by depression nor fatigue. We proposed for the first time a method to quantify cognitive fatigue via a second-order least square fit model, easily usable in the clinical practice. By using this novel approach, cognitive fatigability results to be a free-standing phenomenon that is more evident in cognitively preserved than in cognitive impaired patients.

The analysis of mainly foreign publications devoted to the leading risk factors affecting the ability to work, the possibility of using the screening method of assessing performance using the questionnaire “index of ability to work” to obtain objective data, on the basis of which it is possible to develop preventive measures aimed at maintaining the most qualified, trained workers, extending their stay in the profession. Electronic literature search was carried out on Medline, CINAHL and Embase databases.

Introduction. The paper presents the peculiarities and advantages of using the metacognitive strategies to develop the reading competence in students of pedagogical universities in the process of educational-vocational training; the notion “strategies of reading” is clarified, the basic structural components are determined; the functions of the metacognitive strategies, their role when working with scientific texts are considered. The theoretical approaches to the metacognitive strategies are represented, their functions, their role in understanding scientific texts. The notions and meanings of the metacognitive skills and metacognitive strategies are revealed. The metacognitive skills can be considered as an integration of the ability to understand scientific texts and metalinguistic erudition, i. e. as a set of knowledge about the text and ability to work with the text. The paper presents the author’s programme of forming metalinguistic strategies when working with scientific texts. Results & Discussions. Erudition in the metastrategies is connected with the ability to understand complex verbal material of scientific character. The attention is paid to the fact that due to reflection the reader through speech experience penetrates into the essence of the text, reaches its comprehension. It is shown that metacognitive knowledge such as erudition in strategies and techniques of metacognition is connected with the ability to understand complex verbal material of scientific character. It is underlined that using actively the metacognitive strategies of management of one’s own cognitive activity, awareness of the process of implementing these strategies positively are connected with the ability to understand scientific texts and can be considered as a determinant of such an ability. It is noted that mastering the metacognitive strategies, their variability foresees knowledge and understanding of the structure of texts, their types, high ability to understand texts and variability of different metacognitive operations when working with the text material. Metalinguistic erudition, i.e. the set of knowledge of the text and the ability to work with it allows mastering different texts of vocational orientation quickly and effectively. Metalinguistic strategies as well the ability of the specialist to his/her own professional activities are positively connected with the ability to work effectively with the text material and the ability to process complex scientific texts.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore how living with an ostomy financially impacts Canadians. METHODS A descriptive, pan-Canadian, cross-sectional online and paper-based survey was conducted using a convenience sample. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 467 individuals. Seventy-six percent (n = 355) reported spending more than $1000 annually on ostomy supplies, with 58% (n = 271) paying partially out of pocket. Atlantic regions relied primarily on insurance (n = 81), and the central, prairies, and western regions used a combination of funding (provincial government funding and/or insurance) (n = 385) with no significant out-of-pocket funding differences between regions (χ = 18.267, P = .079). Fifteen percent (n = 70) reported frequent peristomal skin problems, and 19% (n = 89) indicated that having an ostomy negatively affected their ability to work. When experiencing ostomy-related problems, 60% (n = 280) sought assistance from a nurse specialized in wound, ostomy, and continence (NSWOC) and spent significantly less on ostomy supplies (χ = 231.267, P < .001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that living with an ostomy may result in financial burden and that Canadian regional variations in funding and access to an NSWOC should be explored.

The study aimed to determine the effect of 1) cooperative learning model of numbered heads together (NHT) type on the cooperation ability and mastery of concepts of the students, 2) concept mapping on the cooperation ability and the mastery of concepts of the students, 3) the combination of cooperative learning of NHT type and concept mapping on the cooperation ability of the students, and 4) the combination of cooperative learning of NHT type and concept mapping on the mastery concept of the students of SMA N I Tidore Kepulauan. This research was a quasi-experimental study design using the nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest with three variations of the treatment and the control. The results were 1) Cooperative learning model of NHT type affects the students' ability to work, with the mean score of 32.3143 (very high), but it has no effect on the studentsˈ concept mastery, the mean pretest score of 61.1429 (high) and posttest score of 71.2857 (high). 2) Concept mapping does not affect the studentsˈ collaboration ability and their concept mastery, with mean pretest score of 62.9167 (high) and posttest score of 71.2500 (high). 3) The combination of the cooperative learning model of NHT type and concept mapping affects the cooperation ability, with the mean score of 33.2812 (very high). 4) The combination of the cooperative learning models of NHT type and concept mapping affects the concept mastery, with the score of 62.1875 (high) and the posttest score of 76.5625 (very high).

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of giving motivation, work environment and leadership style on performance of employees At PT. Gapura Angkasa in Makassar Hasanuddin International Airport which consists of giving motivation, work environment and leadership style. The population in this case at 54 employees. Methods of data analysis using quantitative with linier regression. Based on a test of the free variabel F jointly have significant and positive influence against variabels bound performance. Through testing (R) correlation coefficient obtained that level of correlation or relationship between giving motivation, work environment and leadership style on performance of employees is a high relationship i.e. 60.8%. And the ability to work is the most dominant factor influencing the performance of employees at PT. Angkasa Gate in Makassar Hasanuddin International Airport.

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Die Überlebenschancen von Patienten auch mit schweren Polytraumata haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich verbessert. Mitentscheidend für die Lebensqualität und Teilhabe dieser Patienten ist eine Rückkehr in das Erwerbsleben (Return-to-work (RTW)). Die Kenntnis, welche Faktoren RTW beeinflussen, ist relevant für die medizinische und berufliche Rehabilitation nach schweren Verletzungen. Ziel der Studie ist es zu analysieren, wie der RTW polytraumatisierter Patienten ins Erwerbsleben gelingt und welche Faktoren als Prädiktoren einen Einfluss auf RTW haben. Methodik Zur Bestimmung von Faktoren, die RTW vorhersagen, wurden in einer monozentrischen Studie von 84 Patienten im arbeitsfähigen Alter mit einem ISS von 25 oder höher Routinedaten aus dem Traumaregister der Klinik und im Follow-up Daten mittels des standardisierten Fragebogens POLO-Chart erfasst. Es wurden bivariate Analysen (Chi-Quadrat-Test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney-Test, t-Test) zum Zusammenhang mit RTW durchgeführt. Ausgewählte Variablen wurden in einem logistischen Regressionsmodell zur Prädiktion des RTW überprüft. Ergebnisse Insgesamt 58% der Patienten konnten in das Erwerbsleben zurückkehren. Das Alter, die Verweildauer auf der Intensivstation und der Zeitraum zwischen Entlassung aus der Klinik und der Befragung sind Prädiktoren für das RTW. Auch die Selbsteinschätzung des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustandes ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Rückkehr zur Arbeit, wohingegen in diesem Patientengut kein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit Vorerkrankungen oder als belastend erlebten Ereignissen bestand. Schlussfolgerung Das RTW von Patienten nach schwerem Polytrauma ist von verschiedenen Faktoren abhängig. Besonders ältere Patienten, die ihren allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand als schlecht einschätzen, haben Probleme in das Erwerbsleben zurückzukehren.

The 2014 Ebola outbreak revealed biosafety vulnerabilities across the United States. We distributed $24.1 million to health departments to support public health laboratories (PHLs) and sentinel clinical laboratory partners to improve biosafety practices. We used 9 indicators to evaluate PHLs and associated clinical laboratories from March 2015 through April 2018 using descriptive statistics. On average, over 6 reporting periods, 59 awardee PHLs and 4,040 clinical laboratories responded. By April 2018, 92% (57 of 62) of PHLs had conducted at least 1 risk assessment for work with Ebola and another highly infectious disease. The number of PHLs having a policy for risk assessments increased from 32 of 61 (52%) to 49 of 54 (91%). The percentage of awardees meeting the target (80%) for associated clinical laboratories with staff certifications to package/ship rose from 32% (19 of 60) to 46% (25 of 54). The percentage of awardees meeting the target (70%) for associated clinical laboratories with risk assessment policies increased from 18% (8 of 44) to 28% (15 of 54). Awardees reported improvement among Ebola treatment centers/Ebola assessment hospitals with policies to perform risk assessments from 48% (20 of 42) to 67% (34 of 51). Public health laboratories and their clinical partners made progress on their abilities to address biosafety concerns and implement consistent biosafety practices, improving their ability to work safely with biological threats. More attention is needed to address gaps in the clinical community. Support for biosafety activities is critical to continuing to achieve progress.

One of the challenges in creating plans for sustainable urban futures is the ability to work across government agencies and to break down traditional barriers to truly collaborative planning. Typic...

The maximum depth of rainfall in any 30-minute period - I30 - has been used as an index of erosive rainfall events for more than half a century, and is a key component of the R factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its derivatives. Other indices are in common use, including I5, I10, and I15. However, there has been little study of the ability of I30 to capture the erosive nature of a rainfall event in regions beyond the foundation experimental work in the USA. This paper examines several apparently neglected issues: how reliance on fixed clock-periods might diminish the efficacy of the various indices of short-interval intensity; how well a single 30-minute period is able to reflect the intensity-duration properties of long enclosing rainfall events, and hence, whether the influence of event duration should be evaluated in applications of I30 and related indices. Results from two Australian sites with high-resolution rainfall records show that within the enclosing rainfall events, actual intensities corresponding to the I30 value (which is an equivalent intensity or ‘rainfall rate’, calculated from rainfall depth in 30 min) commonly occur for both less and >30 min. Often the I30 interval within a rainfall event excludes the most intense periods of rain, and in long events the index reflects ≪1% of the event duration. The I30 intensity can occur for total durations of 1–3 h in the events studied, or for just a few minutes. An alternative class of indices is proposed, in which fixed clock-periods are not used, and instead, the duration of rainfall within an event that exceeds a nominated intensity is recorded as an index of intensity. This has a number of advantages, including the ability to work with events shorter than 30 min, which are frequently intense but which cannot yield an I30 index that is strictly comparable to those of longer events. Illustrative results for this new index are presented.

Background/Aims Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are rare inborn errors of urea synthesis. US and European consensus statements on the diagnosis and treatment of UCDs were last published in 2001 and 2019, respectively. Recommendations are based primarily on case reports and expert opinion and there is limited agreement or consistency related to long-term management approaches. A clinician survey was conducted to assess current real-world practices and perspectives on challenges and unmet needs. Methods A 14-item multiple-choice survey was administered to physicians in 2017. Clinicians who reported actively managing at least 1 patient with UCD were eligible to participate. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each survey item (frequencies for categorical variables; means, standard deviations, medians, and ranges for continuous variables). Results Sixty-six US clinicians completed the survey (65 geneticists; 1 pediatric neurologist). Over 90% of responders agreed or strongly agreed that even modest elevations in ammonia could cause physiological and functional brain damage; >80% of respondents agreed that asymptomatic UCD patients are at risk of brain damage over time due to mild/subclinical elevations in ammonia. Eighty-six percent of clinicians agreed or strongly agreed with recommending genetic testing for female relatives when a patient is diagnosed with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Ninety-four percent of respondents agreed that patients have better disease control when they are more adherent to their UCD therapy. Nearly 90% indicated that clinicians and patients would benefit from updated UCD management guidance. More than half (53%) of respondents rated the symptoms of UCDs as extremely or very burdensome to the everyday lives of patients and their families; only 8% rated UCD symptoms as slightly or not at all burdensome. The majority of clinicians agreed (48%) or strongly agreed (32%) that caring for a child or family member with a UCD has a negative impact on the quality of life and/or health of family members/guardians (e.g. stress, relationships, ability to work). Conclusions This self-reported survey suggests a need for updated and expanded clinical guidance on the long-term treatment and management of UCD patients.

Purpose: It is not yet known if unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) patients are more likely to return to work sooner or have improved ability to work (i.e., workability) than total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The following questions were addressed: patients were assessed to determine: (1) whether they returned to work sooner following UKA compared to TKA; (2) whether UKA patients had better WORQ function scores compared to TKA patients; and (3) if UKA patients have higher workability scores and greater satisfaction regarding workability than TKA patients. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed that included patients at least 2 years after having undergone either UKA or TKA surgery and on the condition that patients had been in work in the 2 years prior to surgery. Time period between stopping work and returning to work was assessed; the WORQ scores (0 = worst–100 = best) and the Work Ability Index (WAI = 0–10) and reported satisfaction with work ability. Results: UKA patients (n = 157, median 60 years, 51% male) were compared to TKA patients (n = 167, median 60 years, 49% male) (n.s.). Of the 157 UKA patients, 115 (73%) returned to work within 2 years compared to 121 (72%) of TKA patients (n.s.). More UKA patients return to work within 3 months (73% versus 48%) (p < 0.01). WORQ scores improved similarly in both groups. The WAI was also comparable between the groups. Dissatisfaction with workability was comparable (UKA 15% versus TKA 18% (n.s.). Conclusion: TKA and UKA patients have similar WORQ, WAI, and satisfaction scores. However, in this study population, UKA patients to return to work after surgery significantly sooner than TKA patients, which improves their quality of life and allows them to participate actively in society. This information can help health care providers and patients weigh-up the pros and cons and choose the best treatment and timing for patients in the working population. Level of evidence: III.

Mathematics is one of the subjects that spearheads in other subjects. Mathematics is studied starting from elementary school to equip students with the ability to logically thought, analytically, systematically, critically, creatively, and the ability to work together. The sequential stages of aspects in mathematics are numbers, geometry and measurement and data processing. From the stages of the aspects mentioned it appears that the subject matter of numbers is the initial stage that must be mastered in mathematics. Numbers are the basic subjects that are very important for students to understand because they are the basic for other subjects. Integers is one of the mathematic subject. For this reason, this study aims to develop teaching materials in the form of student worksheet integer operation material for elementary school students. This research is the initial stage of development research. The subjectsof research were fourth grade students of elementary schools number 42 Pangkalpinang. The process of developing needs analysis teaching materials, modules are developed on concepts that are still not mastered by students, planning of unknow concepts by students, and developed to determine SK, basic competencies, indicators, syllabus, lesson plans, determining student worksheet elements, collect to material, prepare student worksheet drafts, and validate. From the design of this prototype produced the first prototype of the integer operation student worksheet for fourth grade elementary school students.

This study used qualitative methods to understand dementia caregivers’ experience of personal and therapeutic factors contributing to outcome following REACH VA, a behavioral intervention designed to alleviate caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. Caregivers and their interventionists were queried about their experiences of the treatment in semistructured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The following themes emerged reflecting aspects of the intervention caregivers and interventionists found helpful: self-care, shared goals, psychoeducation, and stress-management skills. Some caregivers and interventionists found the provision of problem-solving skills to be helpful and others did not. Finally, some caregivers and interventionists reported that interpersonal support/bearing witness, insight, emotional transformation, and the discussion of interpersonal process were useful when part of the intervention or, when not included, would have been helpful. While behavioral interventions tend to be highly structured, interventionists’ ability to work flexibly within the protocol and tailor it to the caregiver’s needs was related to positive treatment response. The beneficial aspects of this treatment represent multiple theoretical orientations highlighting the importance of transtheoretical models of therapeutic action.

Every year in Poland almost 5 million prophylactic examinations (PEs) are carried out by occupational medicine specialists (OMPs) among workers, for the purposes envisaged in the Polish Labour Code. The aim of this study was to collect workers' opinions on the possible extension of these check-ups in the field of prophylaxis and prevention of civilization diseases (CivDs), focusing also on the "healthy lifestyle" recommendations.The study group comprised 325 employees who filled out an anonymous questionnaire containing questions about the possible extension of the PE scope for CivD and cancer prophylaxis. During medical check-ups, evaluation of the incidental glucose (IG) and total cholesterol (TCh) levels, waist circumference measurement and electrocardiography (ECG) were proposed. The respondents were asked about the most interesting issues for discussing with OMPs.Screening tests for some cancers (69.5%) and risk factors for CivDs (61.5%) were indicated as the most interesting topics to discuss with OMPs. The possibility for evaluating the levels of IG and TCh during PEs was approved by approx. 94.8% and 95.3% of the respondents, respectively. Almost 96% accepted having ECG and 80% agreed to waist circumference measurement. As many as 89.5% of the respondents supported the idea of organizing physical activities at their workplaces, and 77.8% were eager to learn about "healthy lifestyles" during training sessions conducted at their workplaces.Restricting the aim of PEs just to certifying the ability to work, or identifying certain medical contraindications, means losing a chance for implementing the prophylaxis and prevention of diseases' development among active working subjects. The kinds of activities proposed by the authors of this publication have been approved by the employees. Med Pr. 2019;70(4):425-33.Każdego roku w Polsce wykonuje się w celach przewidzianych w Kodeksie pracy prawie 5 mln badań profilaktycznych osób pracujących. Celem badania przeprowadzonego przez autorów artykułu było uzyskanie opinii pracowników na temat celowości poszerzenia zakresu tych badań o profilaktykę chorób cywilizacyjnych (m.in. działania edukacyjne dotyczące zdrowego stylu życia).Anonimową ankietę na temat rozszerzenia opieki o działania profilaktyczne dotyczące chorób cywilizacyjnych i nowotworowych wypełniło 325 pracowników. Zaproponowano uzupełnienie badań przeprowadzanych w celach przewidzianych w Kodeksie pracy o oznaczenie we krwi pobranej z opuszki palca glikemii przygodnej i cholesterolu całkowitego oraz wykonanie pomiaru obwodu brzucha i zapisu elektrokardiograficznego (EKG). Zapytano o najbardziej interesujące tematy, które powinien omówić lekarz służby medycyny pracy (SMP).Jako interesujące tematy najczęściej wskazywano badania przesiewowe w kierunku chorób nowotworowych (69,5%) oraz czynniki ryzyka chorób cywilizacyjnych (61,5%). Rozszerzenie zakresu badania profilaktycznego o EKG zaakceptowało 95,7% osób, pomiar stężenia cholesterolu całkowitego − 95,3%, oznaczenie glikemii przygodnej − 94,8%, pomiar obwodu brzucha − 80%. Aż 89,5% ankietowanych poparło organizację zajęć sportowych w miejscu pracy i/lub dofinansowanie przez pracodawcę dostępu do obiektów sportowych, a 77,8% badanych wyraziło chęć uczestniczenia w szkoleniach nt. zdrowego stylu życia w miejscu pracy.Ograniczenie badań lekarskich wskazanych w Kodeksie pracy do certyfikowania zdolności lub istnienia przeciwwskazań zdrowotnych do wykonywania określonej pracy skutkuje utratą szansy na wdrożenie profilaktyki schorzeń u osób aktywnych zawodowo, które mają poczucie pełnego zdrowia. Zaproponowane przez autorów publikacji rodzaje działań spotkały się z aprobatą pracowników. Med. Pr. 2019;70(4):425–433.

In the article devoted to the memory of the famous oceanologist’s father, his son Michael Ivanov tells the readers about how he remembered his father within their family, among relatives, friends and colleagues from the Institute of Oceanology and other. The son characterizes his father as absorbed by his work that was rather difficult, demanding frequent and long business trips. That was the work of a specialist, who even in his long-term journeys forgot never his loving relatives. The article says that the boundless enthusiasm for the favorite business was one of the main features of the character of this worthy person – whether it was caring for relatives and friends or measuring the properties of sea water in the stormy ocean, and maybe on the occasion fishing or picking mushrooms in the Novgorod forest, near which Ivanovs had their small wooden house in the village. In the memories of his son, his father appears as a man of rational mind, who are able to fearlessly overcome any life problems, considering them nothing as planned difficulties, to get rid of which you only need to find the right algorithm. A big advantage of informal inheritance left by the father of the article author is that Y. A. Ivanov has managed to pass on to his children and grandchildren peculiar to himself an inexhaustible sense of humor, ability to work, love of nature and craving for travel.

Recently, sensor and biosensor applications have become widespread and are now significant tools in the biomedical field and other areas. Since quartz tuning fork (QTF) resonance frequency depends on the mass adsorbed to its prongs, it is generally used to measure minor mass change and detect target analyte in picogram levels. This study is undertaken to design and fabricate a sensor device for the measurement of QTF transducers. When QTF sensor studies were investigated, it was found that explanations on the details of instrumentation part were limited, and in addition, there was no compact commercial products. In this study, a novel, low-cost, portable quartz tuning fork sensor device with ability to work with any kind of display is presented in detail. Moreover, the effect of the ambient temperature during the measurements was checked. Six other QTF transducer types, 32, 32.768, 40, 65.536, 75, and 100 kHz, have been studied as the other novel part of the research. As a result, a QTF sensor device was fabricated that has further advanced features when compared with its alternatives and works with a more accurate measurement method. Owing to this advancement, using biosensor/chemical sensor which consists of QTF transducers with features that can take sensitive analyte measurement in picogram level will be able to spread.

This paper describes various pedagogical efforts implemented to promote significant learning in a computational chemistry course. The taxonomy of significant learning advanced by Fink (2003) is used as a framework to discuss the results. In this taxonomy, Fink identifies six categories of learning: foundational, application, integration, human dimension, caring, and learning how to learn. Significant learning occurs when all six kinds of learning are promoted. In the computational chemistry course, the learning outcomes are aligned with these kinds of learning, and students are provided with learning activities to get them engaged with the course content. These activities purposefully activate students’ prior knowledge, increase their motivation, develop basic skills, apply and integrate what they learn in realistic situations, develop an appreciation for computational chemistry as an ally in science, and further their ability to work independently and with others, and to continue learning about the subject matter beyond the course.

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In der psychotherapeutischen Forschung und Versorgung wurde die Wiedererlangung der Arbeitsfähigkeit bislang nur unzureichend berücksichtigt. Einige Studien weisen jedoch auf die Wirksamkeit arbeitsbezogener kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Therapieansätze hin. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Pilotstudie soll ein neues Gruppentherapiekonzept mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Arbeitsfähigkeit evaluieren. Methoden: Es wurden Daten von N = 17 Teilnehmenden mit depressiven Störungen erhoben. Dafür wurden die Arbeitsfähigkeit, Arbeitsmotivation, generelle Symptombelastung und Depressivität zu drei Messzeitpunkten erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Arbeitsfähigkeit verbesserte sich tendenziell. Teilnehmende wiesen kurz- und mittelfristig eine geringere Symptombelastung und geringere Depressivität auf. Die Aktivität und Partizipation erhöhten sich kurz- und mittelfristig. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Intervention scheint die psychische Gesundheit zu verbessern, allerdings müssen diese ersten Ergebnisse in einer randomisierten-kontrollierten Studie verifiziert werden.