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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to provide an optimization algorithm for a large-span suspendome which is a spatial prestressed structure with complex mechanical characteristics. The algorithm optimizes the cable tension, the dimension of components, the shape parameters of structure simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach With the span-to-rise ratio, the length of the strut, the cable tension, the cross-sectional area of the cables and the cross-sectional size of steel members as design variables and the gross mass of entire structure as the objective function, a mathematical optimization method was proposed in the paper based on the hybridization of full stress and particle swarm optimization. Findings By using the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, the coupling problem of the three types of design variables was resolved: the cable tension and the size and shape of the structure were optimized simultaneously for a suspendome. A program was compiled according to this method and was used for a large-span suspendome. The optimization results of the suspendome demonstrates that the method proposed in the paper has the advantages of high efficiency, rapid convergence, and general applicability, which enable it to be used for the optimization of various types of prestressed steel structures. Originality/value The optimization program has more general parameters, which can be used to optimize suspendome with different spans, different lattice divisions and different cable-layouts. In addition to the strength of steel and cable, the integral stability of the members, the deformation of the structure and the geometrical and material nonlinearity were considered in this algorithm and program. The optimization result was compared to the design of an actual large-span suspendome engineering project.

Negative hydrogen ion beam can be compensated by the trapping of ions into the beam potential. When the beam propagates through a neutral gas, these ions arise due to gas ionization by the beam ions. However, the high neutral gas pressure may cause serious negative hydrogen ion beam loss, while low neutral gas pressure may lead to ion-ion instability and decompensation. To better understand the space charge compensation processes within a negative hydrogen beam, experimental study and numerical simulation were carried out at Peking University (PKU). The simulation code for negative hydrogen ion beam is improved from a 2D particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision code which has been successfully applied to H(+) beam compensated with Ar gas. Impacts among ions, electrons, and neutral gases in negative hydrogen beam compensation processes are carefully treated. The results of the beam simulations were compared with current and emittance measurements of an H(-) beam from a 2.45 GHz microwave driven H(-) ion source in PKU. Compensation gas was injected directly into the beam transport region to modify the space charge compensation degree. The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results.

Microwave driven cesium-free volume H(-) sources, that have the ability to deliver tens of mA H(-) at 35 keV both in CW and 10% duty factor (100 Hz/1 ms), were developed at Peking University (PKU) [S. X. Peng et al., in Proceeding of IPAC 2015, WEPWA027, Richmond, Virginia, USA, 3-8 May 2015]. Recently, special efforts were paid on the investigation of duty factor variation possibility from 1% to 100% with them. Most of the experiments were carried out with a pulsed length (τ) of 1 ms and different intervals of 99 ms, 49 ms, 39 ms, 29 ms, 19 ms, 9 ms, 4 ms, 2 ms, 1 ms, 0.5 ms, and 0 ms, respectively. Other experiments were focused on CW operation and fixed duty factor of 1%. Experimental results prove that PKU H(-) sources can deliver tens of mA H(-) at duty factor from 1% to 100%. The RF power efficiency increases steadily with the increasing of duty factor from 1% to CW at a fixed pulsed length. Under a given duty factor and pulsed length, RF power efficiency keeps constant and the H(-) current increases with RF power linearly. Details will be presented in the paper.

In this paper, bamboo charcoal was successfully developed for the solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. After the bamboo charcoal was pretreated and packed in the solid-phase extraction cartridge, the organophosphorus pesticides in water samples were carried out the solid-phase extraction. To establish a perfect solid-phase extraction procedure, the experimental conditions including the eluent, eluent volume, pH of the sample, flow rate of the sample, and loading volume of the sample were all investigated. When 100 mL water samples in the pH range of 6–7 were loaded with the flow rate of 2.5 mL · min−1 and then eluted with 10 mL acetonitrile, the proposed extraction method was validated by the recovery, correlation coefficient (R2), repeatability (RSD, n = 7) and LODs, which were 69.6–93.4%, 0.9982–0.9998, 2.9–5.6%, and 0.08–1.04 µg · L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the tap, snow, and river water samples demonstrated the...

The pesticide residues in foods have received increasing attention as one of the most important food safety issues. Therefore, more strict regulations on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in foods have been established in many countries and health organizations, based on the sensitive and reliable analysis methods of pesticide residues. However, the analysis of pesticide residues is a continuing challenge mainly because of the small quantities of analytes as well as the large amounts of interfering substances which can be co-extracted with them, often leading to experimental errors and damage to the analytical instruments. Thus, extensive sample preparation is often required for the pesticide residue analysis for the effective extraction of the analytes and removal of the interferences. This paper focuses on reviewing the recent development in the sample preparation methods for the pesticide residue analysis in foods since 2006. The methods include: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), solid-phase extraction (SPE), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), QuEChERS, cloud point extraction (CPE) and liquid phase micro-extraction (LPME), etc. Particularly their advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives will be discussed.

Possible assignments of D s 1 ( 2700 ) ± and D s J ( 2860 ) in the conventional quark model are analyzed. Some implications to these assignments are explored. If D s 1 ( 2700 ) ± and D s J ( 2860 ) are the orbitally excited D-wave 1 − ( j P = 3 2 − ) and 3 − ( j P = 5 2 − ) D s , respectively, other two orbitally excited D-wave 2 − D s 2 around 2800 MeV are expected. If D s 1 ( 2700 ) ± is the first radially excited 1 − ( j P = 1 2 − ) D s , other three radially excited 0 − D s ′ ( 2599 ) , 0 + D s J ( 2873 ) and 1 + D s 1 ′ ( 2989 ) are expected. D s 2 and D s 1 ′ ( 2989 ) are mixing states, and D s 1 ′ ( 2989 ) has broad total width.

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant that causes injury on many organs and tissues, particularly the liver. However, the protection of radish seed aqueous extract (RSE) against hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice yet remains unclear. Objective: The research aimed to investigate the mitigation effect of RSE against Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: The mice were administered intraperitoneally with Cd Chloride (CdCl2, 75 mg/kg b. wt) as a positive control to compare RSE. The hepatic function and antioxidant status were assessed in liver tissue of poisoned and control mice. Results: Levels of serum hepatic enzymes (aspartate transaminase: AST and alanine transaminase: ALT) as well as total bilirubin were significantly increased in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, Cd exposure elicited enhancement of oxidative stress level. Co-treatment with RSE (200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt) significantly decreased the serum levels of liver function biomarkers. Furthermore, RSE treatment showed a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation and increase of enzyme and glutathione concentrations. Histopathological analysis was parallel to these biochemical findings. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated that RSE is effective for ameliorating hepatic cytotoxicity and oxidative damage arising from Cd exposure. Abbreviations used: Cd: Cadmium; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RS: Radish seed; RSE: Radish seed aqueous extract; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; SAE: Sulforaphene; SFE: Sulforaphene; TFC: Total flavonoids content; TPC: Total phenolics content; AST: Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; ALT: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase; TB: Total bilirubin; MDA: Malondialdehyde; CAT: Catalase; GPX: Glutathione peroxidase; NOx: Nitrates and nitrites; NO: Nitric oxide; LRS: Low dose of radish seed extract; HRS: High dose of radish seed extract; LPO: Lipid peroxidation; ONOO−: Peroxynitrite radical; iNOS: Nitric oxide synthase.

Heavy-light hadrons are studied in a mass loaded flux tube model. The study indicates that the dynamics of mesons and baryons containing a $c$ quark is well described by the mass loaded flux tube. The hypothesis of good diquark-antiquark degeneracy is found reasonable in heavy-light quark systems. The spectrum of charmed ($D$) and charmed strange ($D_s$) mesons is systematically computed. $D$ and $D_s$ in 1D multiplets are predicted to have lower masses in comparison with other theoretical predictions. The predicted masses of the $1^-(1^3D_1)$ and the $3^-(1^3D_3)$ $D_s$ agree well with those of recently observed $D_{s1}(2700)^{\pm}$ and $D_{sJ}(2860)$, respectively., 5 pages, 2 tables, RevTex, some references added and some typos corrected

This study was done to resolve published discrepancies in oxalate excretion between humans and rats and to characterize oxalate partitioning in rats during persistent severe hyperoxaluria, such as that seen in many bariatric patients. Osmotic minipumps dispensing 360 micromole/day KOx + 3.9 +/- 0.14 microCi/day (14)C-oxalate were implanted subcutaneously. All excreta were collected. Rats were killed on day 13 and carcasses were dissected, ground, dissolved in HCl, and subjected to scintillation counting, and 92.1 +/- 3.9% of total oxalate administered was recovered. This was partitioned among the skin complex (38.2 +/- 7.7%), carcass complex (24.5 +/- 5.9%), and excreta (29.5 +/- 1.9%). The distribution of oxalate in the skin and carcass complexes led us to infer that only 29.5 +/- 1.9% of the administered oxalate entered the circulation. Of the circulated oxalate, 98.4 +/- 0.4% was excreted (total urine 78.9 +/- 1.7%; raw feces 21.0 +/- 1.7%). Thus, most oxalate that does enter the circulation is promptly excreted in rats, as in humans. Consequently, even after a large, persistent oxalate challenge, very little oxalate had accumulated in the internal organs, muscle, and skeleton. Unlike humans, however, rats excrete a significant fraction of oxalate in the feces.

As one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in males, the development and progression of prostate cancer remains an open area of research. The role of lncRNAs in prostate cancer is an emerging field of study. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about lncRNAs in prostate cancer while focusing on a few key lncRNAs. PCA3 was the first lncRNA identified in prostate cancer and has been shown to be expressed in a majority of prostate cancer cases. It may act in both an androgen dependent and independent fashion and has clinical utility as a biomarker. Other lncRNAs are known to interact directly with the androgen receptor pathway including PlncRNA-1, HOTAIR, PRNCR1 and PCGEM1. Additionally, lncRNAs have been shown to interfere with tumor suppressors, DNA break repair, transcription and alternate RNA splicing. While only in its infancy, an understanding of the role of lncRNAs in prostate cancer development should present ample opportunities for the discovery of new cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Journal of International Buddhist Studies, 7, 1

In this paper, we study the optimal design of drivers for high performance VLSI system based on the advanced 16nm Fin-FET logic process. The optimal design of drivers is important to the high-speed lower power VLSI, such as the high speed bus of processor, clock network and the critical signals in SOC system. Different from the well known method which optimize the drivers using a fixed size-ratio e(= 2.73) between the neighbor inverters, we optimize sizing drivers efficiently by an automatic method and we will get high performance of inverter chain. Firstly, we derive the relationship among the parameters of delay, driver size (fin numbers), driver stages, input/output (or interconnect) loading. Then, we construct the driver optimal tool based on the parameters' relationship of the driver.

In this paper, we perform a combined study of $2S$ and $1D$ open-charm mesons with natural spin-parity. Our results indicate that ${D}_{1}^{*}(2600)/{D}_{s1}^{*}(2700)$ and ${D}_{1}^{*}(2760)/{D}_{s1}^{*}(2860)$ are predominantly the $2^{3}{S}_{1}$ and $1^{3}{D}_{1}$ charmed/charmed-strange mesons, respectively, while ${D}_{3}^{*}(2760)/{D}_{s3}^{*}(2860)$ can be regarded as the $1^{3}{D}_{3}$ charmed/charmed-strange mesons. In addition, some typical ratios of partial widths of the discussed natural states are predicted, by which future experiments can test these assignments, especially for the $2S\text{\ensuremath{-}}1D$ mixing scheme existing in ${D}_{1}^{*}(2600)/{D}_{1}^{*}(2760)$ and ${D}_{s1}^{*}(2700)/{D}_{s1}^{*}(2860)$.

We apply a new mass formula which is derived analytically in the relativistic flux tube model to the mass spectra of $\Lambda_Q$ and $\Xi_Q$ (\emph{Q} = \emph{c} or \emph{b} quark) baryons. To this end, the heavy quark-light diquark picture is employed. We find that all masses of the available $\Lambda_Q$ and $\Xi_Q$ states can be understood well. The assignments to these states do not appear to contradict the strong decay properties. $\Lambda_c(2760)^+$ and $\Xi_c(2980)$ are assigned to the first radial excitations with $J^P = 1/2^+$. $\Lambda_c(2940)^+$ and $\Xi_c(3123)$ might be the 2\emph{P} states. The $\Lambda_c(2880)^+$ and $\Xi_c(3080)$ are the good 1\emph{D} candidates with $J^P = 5/2^+$. $\Xi_c(3055)$ is likely to be a 1\emph{D} state with $J^P = 3/2^+$. $\Lambda_b(5912)^0$ and $\Lambda_b(5920)^0$ favor the 1\emph{P} assignments with $J^P = 1/2^-$ and $3/2^-$, respectively. We propose a search for the $\tilde{\Lambda}_{c2}(5/2^-)$ state which can help to distinguish the diquark and three-body schemes.

We calculate the mass of 0 − + triple-valence-gluon resonance, the trigluon glueball, with QCD sum rules. Its mass is found to be approximately in the region between 1.9 GeV and 2.7 GeV with some theoretical uncertainties. Moreover, it is likely that the new BES measurement of the p p ¯ enhancement near threshold in the J / ψ decays exhibits the behavior of this trigluon glueball state. Our analyses favor the baryonium–gluonium mixing picture for the BES observation.

Investigations of the mass and decays of the JPC=1-+ hybrid are reviewed, including calculation of the π1(1-+)→ηπ, η′π decay widths within the QCD sum rules technique. In this calculation, the recently-proposed η, η′ quark mixing scheme is employed. The results indicate that the decay width Γπ1→ηπ≈250 MeV is large compared with the decay width Γπ1→η′π≈20 MeV . Inspired by these results, some phenomenological approaches are suggested to gain an understanding of the underlying mechanism of ηπ and η′π hybrid decays.

Multi-charged helium ion beam He2+ is useful for helium accelerator to obtain a higher energy with lower cost and for deuterium accelerator to avoid neutron activation during machine commissioning. An attempt to generate milliampere multi-charged helium He2+ ion beam with a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) was tested recently. A design using a specfic permanent magnet 2.45 GHz ECRIS (PMECRIS) source (ERCIS) is reported and the He2+ beam production ability is described. With this source, we produced a total helium beam of 40 mA at 40 kV with 180 W of net microwave power and a gas flow of less than 0.5 sccm. At steady state the He2+ beam intensity is 4.4 mA, that being the fraction of multi-charged helium ion beam is at approximately 11%.

Instanton effects and three-loop perturbative contributions are incorporated into QCD sum-rule analyses of pseudoscalar ($J^{PC}=0^{-+}$) gluonium. Gaussian sum-rules are shown to be superior to Laplace sum-rules in optimized predictions for pseudoscalar gluonium states in the presence of instanton contributions. The Gaussian sum-rule analysis yields a pseudoscalar mass of $(2.65\pm 0.33) GeV$ and width bounded by $\Gamma, Comment: latex, using elsart style and amsmath, 17 pages, 6 eps figures included in manuscript. Revised version includes an extra figure and extends the analysis to consider the coupling of the eta'

Electron beams are becoming an increased subject of interest for materials processing. While continuous electron beams have already found wide applications in drilling, hardening, cutting and welding, the advantage of a pulsed electron beam has just emerged. It generates a high power density up to 108–109 W/cm2 at the target surface. Such a high energy is deposited only in a very thin layer within a short time, and causes superfast processes such as heating, melting and evaporation. A dynamic stress field induced in these processes leads to significant modification effects in the material. The combination of these processes provides the material with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties unattainable with ordinary surface treatment techniques. The present paper reports our recent research work on surface treatment by high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB). HCPEB is produced on system ‘Nadezhda-2’ with an energy range of 20–40 kV. A series of pure Al and mold steels were studied. Some of them were pre-coated with C, Cr, Ti or TiN powders. A strong enhanced diffusion effect was revealed: the surface elements diffuse approximately several micrometers in depth into the substrate only after several bombardments. Tribological behaviors of these samples were characterized and significant improvement in wear resistance was found. Finally, TEM analysis reveals the presence of stress waves generated by the coupling of thermal and stress fields, which constitutes the main cause of the enhanced diffusion.

Modularized prefabricated steel structures have become the preferred design in the industrialization of steel structures due to their advantages of fast construction speed, high degree of industrialization, low labour intensity, and more. Prefabricated steel structures have some engineering applications, but all are low-rise structures with few applications in the field of high-rise buildings. Using finite element analysis with line and solid elements, full-scale experiments were conducted to study the single-span frame, which is the core load-bearing part of a modularized prefabricated high-rise steel frame structure with inclined braces. The mechanical mechanisms, computation methods, and design formulas of truss girders were obtained by comparing the finite element and model experiments and building a theoretical and experimental basis for the compilation of design codes. The mechanical characteristics under design load, the deformation and stress state, the elastic-plastic law of development, and the yield failure mode and mechanism under horizontal ultimate load were also obtained. Based on theoretical analysis, finite element analysis, and experiments, the design method of this frame was summarized and incorporated into the design code.

In this paper we study the relationship between economy growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Hubei Province by building Environmental Kuznets Curve, adding some influencing factors. The result shows that there is Kuznets' inverted U-shaped curve in Hubei Province, and the inflection point did exist in, which proving Kuznets inverse "U" shaped hypothesis. The factors like the development of technology and economy, the upgrade of industry structure and energy structure and FDI will have good effects on carbon dioxide emissions, while the level of urbanization will have side effects on it. So the authorities should find the balance between economy and environment by upgrading structure and the way management, developing green energy resources.

Summary The use of modular-prefabricated steel structures has distinct advantages, such as rapid construction, industrial production, and environmental protection. Although this type of structure has been extensively employed around the world, it is primarily used for low-rise buildings; its application in high-rise buildings is limited. This paper proposes a new type of modular-prefabricated high-rise steel frame structure with diagonal braces. An elastic–plastic time-history analysis of a 30-storey building during rare earthquakes was performed. The base shear, storey drift, stress, damage characteristics, and other performances of the structure were investigated. According to the mechanism analysis, finite element simulation, and model test, the formulas for the elastic and elastic–plastic design of the truss–column connection, column–column flange connection, and diagonal brace–truss connection are proposed in this paper. The control parameters for the structural design are also discussed. This study provides an important reference for the research and design of this type of modular-prefabricated high-rise steel structure. The design method has been compiled into a design specification named Technical Specifications for Prefabricated Steel Frame Structure with Diagonal Bracing Joints, which is unique for this type of structure.

Summary Prefabricated steel structures have certain obvious advantages, that is, rapid construction, industrial production, and environmental protection. Although prefabricated structures have been applied in a number of countries in the world, in most cases, these structures are suitable only for low-rise buildings, and their applications in high-rise buildings are nota\bly rare. This paper proposes a new type of prefabricated steel structure called the modular-prefabricated high-rise steel frame structure with diagonal braces. Based on the T30 building, which is a hotel building with 30 storeys above the ground, the mechanical properties, failure mode, failure mechanism, and elastic–plastic development laws of the structure were studied via elastic and elastic–plastic design and analyses under various load cases and combinations. The analysis of the internal force and displacement response with frequent earthquakes was performed using the response spectrum and elastic time-history methods, and an analysis under rare earthquakes is performed via static elastic–plastic pushover analysis. This paper summarizes the elastic and elastic–plastic structural design methods and process. This study provides important references for the design of this kind of modular-prefabricated high-rise steel structure, and the design method has been compiled into a design specification named Technical Specifications for Prefabricated Steel Frame Structure with Diagonal Bracing Joints.

The unobserved J(P) = 0(−) radial excitation D(s)(2(1) S (0)) is anticipated to have mass 2650 MeV (denoted as D(s)(2650)). Study of hadronic production is an important way to identify highly excited states. We study hadronic production of D(s)(2650) from higher excited resonances in a (3) P (0) model. Relevant hadronic partial decay widths are found to be very small, which implies it is difficult to observe D(s)(2650) in hadronic decays of higher excited resonances. Hadronic decay widths of radially excited D(s)(3P) have also been estimated. The total decay widths of four D(s)(3P) are large, but the branching ratios in the D(s)(2650)η channel are very small, which implies that it seems impossible to observe D(s)(2650) in hadronic decays of D(s)(3P). The dominant decay channels of the four D(s)(3P) have been pointed out, and D(1)(2420), D(1)(2430), , D(2550), D(2600), (1(1)D(2))D(2750) and are possible to observe in hadronic production from D(s)(3P).

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES), as a simple in situ method without disturbing the plasma, has been performed for the plasma diagnosis of a 2.45 GHz permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (PMECR) ion source at Peking University (PKU). A spectrum measurement platform has been set up with the quartz-chamber electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source [Patent Number: ZL 201110026605.4] and experiments were carried out recently. The electron temperature and electron density inside the ECR plasma chamber have been measured with the method of line intensity ratio of noble gas. Hydrogen plasma processes inside the discharge chamber are discussed based on the diagnostic results. What is more, the superiority of the method of line intensity ratio of noble gas is indicated with a comparison to line intensity ratio of hydrogen. Details will be presented in this paper.

The input admittance at the bridge, measured by hammer testing, is often regarded as the most useful and convenient measurement of the vibrational behavior of a bowed string instrument. However, this method has been questioned, due especially to differences between human bowing and hammer impact. The goal of the research presented here is to investigate the reliability and accuracy of this classic hammer method. Experimental studies were carried out on cellos, with three different driving conditions and three different boundary conditions. Results suggest that there is nothing fundamentally different about the hammer method, compared to other kinds of excitation. The third series of experiments offers an opportunity to explore the difference between the input admittance measuring from one bridge corner to another and that of single strings. The classic measurement is found to give a reasonable approximation to that of all four strings. Some possible differences between the hammer method and normal bowing and implications of the acoustical results are also discussed.

Given a loop-filter topology, a switched-capacitor sigma-delta modulator (SC-SDM) can be optimized with respect to its loop transfer function (LTF) coefficients. However, if the goal is to co-optimize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and SNR-variation, fast computation of both measures becomes a critical issue. In this paper a simulated-annealing (SA) based algorithm is proposed which makes use of a recently proposed fast computation method for SNR and its variance. The SNR computation method is symbolic and the computation of variation is by sensitivity. Hence, every change of the LTF coefficients can be evaluated quickly to come up with new SNR and its variation. This paper has attempted different combinations of the optimization objectives by assigning different weights to the SNR and the SNR variation. The optimization results are compared.

Based on the bound state description of the muon and general relativistic covariant quantum field theory, we illustrate with a simple composite model that the observed deviation of (g-2)_\mu can be a demonstration of the substructure of the muon and give the constraints on the radius of the muon in different cases of light constituents and heavy constituents., Comment: 14 pages, 4 eps figures, revtex, several arguments and some references renewed

We extract the matrix elements of four quark operators O_{L,S} relevant to the B_s and \bar B_s life time difference from QCD sum rules. We find the vacuum saturation approximation works reasonably well, i.e., within 10%. We discuss the implications of our results and compare them with the recent lattice QCD determination., Comment: 11 pages, 4 eps figures, Latex. Some reference renewed

We construct the interpolating currents for the fourteen p-wave excited heavy baryons in the framework of heavy quark effective theory (HQET). At the leading order in the 1/m_Q expansion these interpolating currents do not mix different states with the same J^P with each other. We use QCD sum rule to calculate the masses of the p-wave excited J=1/2 spin doublet heavy baryons in the m_Q~infinity limit. We discuss some implications of our results., 12 pages, 4 ps figures, Latex, Corrected some errors

We calculate masses of the light-quark hybrid mesons with the quantum number $0^{++}$ and $0^{-+}$ by using the QCD sum rules. Two kinds of the interpolated currents with the same quantum number are employed. We find that the approximately equal mass is predicted for the $0^{-+}$ hybrid state from the different current and the different mass is obtained for the $0^{++}$ hybrid state from the different current. The prediction depends on the interaction between the gluon and quarks in the low-lying hybrid mesons. The mixing effect on the mass of the light-quark hybrid meson through Low-energy theorem has been examined too, and it is found that this mixing shifts the mass of hybrid meson and glueball a little.

Diquarks with $J^{P}=0^{\pm}$, $1^{\pm}$ containing a heavy (charm or bottom) quark and a light quark are investigated using QCD Laplace sum rules. Masses are determined using appropriately constructed gauge invariant correlation functions, including for the first time next-to-leading order perturbative contributions. The $J^P=0^+$ and $1^+$ charm-light diquark masses are respectively found to be 1.86$\pm$0.05 GeV and 1.87$\pm$0.10 GeV, while those of the $0^+$ and $1^+$ bottom-light diquarks are both determined to be 5.08$\pm$0.04 GeV. The sum rules derived for heavy-light diquarks with negative parity are poorly behaved and do not permit unambiguous mass predictions, in agreement with previous results for negative parity light diquarks. The scalar and axial vector heavy-light diquark masses are degenerate within uncertainty, as expected by heavy quark symmetry considerations. Furthermore, these mass predictions are in good agreement with masses extracted in constituent diquark models of the tetraquark candidates X(3872) and $Y_b(10890)$. Thus these results provide QCD support for the interpretation of the X(3872) and $Y_b(10890)$ as $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ tetraquark states composed of diquark clusters. Further implications for tetraquarks among the heavy quarkonium-like XYZ states are discussed., 15 pages, 7 figures

224 Background: Historical studies using radioimmunoassay did not detect adrenal androgens in serum from castrate mice, and it is widely held that rodent adrenal glands do not make adrenal androgens due to lack of CYP17A expression. This contrasts with the clinical setting in which circulating adrenal androgens are significant and inhibition of adrenal CYP17A markedly decreases tissue androgens. Methods: We evaluated CYP17A (by methylation, transcript and protein) and androgens (by mass spectrometry) in adrenal glands of CB17-NOD/SCID mice. We determined the impact of adrenalectomy (ADX) on suppressing tumor androgens and growth in two patient derived xenografts (PDX) models of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Results: CYP17A is unmethylated, and transcript and protein are present in adrenals from intact and castrate mice. In castrate mice adrenal levels of DHEA (0.75 pg/mg), androstenedione (AED; 44pg/mg), T (12.5pg/mg) and DHT (4.7 pg/mg) are detectable and nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than in kidney, liver or muscle (p < 0.05 for all). In castrate mice bearing LuCaP35 and LuCaP96 tumors, ADX suppressed tumor steroids at 21-30 days after ADX vs castration alone (LuCaP35: AED 0.05 vs 0.02 pg/mg, p = 0.005; T 0.64 vs 0.03 pg/mg p < 0.001; DHT 2.3 vs 0.23 pg/mg, p = 0.0003; LuCaP96: AED 0.06 vs 0.02 pg/mg p = 0.08; T 0.81 vs 0.03 pg/mg, p < 0.0001; DHT 1.3 vs 0.04 pg/mg, p = 0.002), and delayed time to tumor re-growth (median survival: LuCaP35 33 vs 179 days, p = 0.006; LuCaP96 25 vs 301 days, p = 0.0012). Whereas tumor recurrence in LuCaP96 was uniformly delayed, a subset of tumors in LuCaP35 showed more rapid regrowth after ADX (66 days vs undefined, p = 0.008), with a trend toward increased levels of tumor steroids (progesterone 0.25 vs 0.02 pg/mg, p = 0.07; T 0.14 vs 0.02, p = 0.04; DHT 0.36 vs 0.21, p = 0.17). Recurrent tumors variably showed induction of full length and truncated AR variants and/or induction of steroidogenic enzymes as potential mechanisms of resistance. Conclusions: Adrenally-derived steroids are produced in mice and contribute to tumor androgen levels and growth in PDX models. Mice are an appropriate model for evaluation of steroidogenesis inhibitors in CRPC xenograft studies

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and blast crisis (BC) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) normal differentiation is impaired. Differentiation of immature stem/progenitor cells is critical for normal blood cell function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that interfere with gene expression by degrading messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or blocking protein translation. Aberrant miRNA expression is a feature of leukemia and miRNAs also play a significant role in normal hematopoiesis and differentiation. We have identified miRNAs differentially expressed in AML and BC CML and identified a new role for miR-150 in myeloid differentiation. Expression of miR-150 is low or absent in BC CML and AML patient samples and cell lines. We have found that expression of miR-150 in AML cell lines, CD34+ progenitor cells from healthy individuals, and primary BC CML and AML patient samples at levels similar to miR-150 expression in normal bone marrow promotes myeloid differentiation of these cells. MYB is a direct target of miR-150, and we have identified that the observed phenotype is partially mediated by MYB. In AML cell lines, differentiation of miR-150 expressing cells occurs independently of retinoic acid receptor α (RARA) signaling. High-throughput gene expression profiling (GEP) studies of the AML cell lines HL60, PL21, and THP-1 suggest that activation of CEPBA, CEBPE, and cytokines associated with myeloid differentiation in miR-150 expressing cells as compared to control cells contributes to myeloid differentiation. These data suggest that miR-150 promotes myeloid differentiation, a previously uncharacterized role for this miRNA, and that absent or low miR-150 expression contributes to blocked myeloid differentiation in acute leukemia cells.

BACKGROUND: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents approximately 5-10% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed annually in the US and Europe. In contrast to the slight male predominance of other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, most series report that approximately 80% of MCL patients are male. While the pathobiology underlying this gender-distribution imbalance is unknown, sex-related differences in androgen receptor (AR) expression in the hematopoietic system have been described, leading us to hypothesize that the gender imbalance in MCL may be mediated via differential sex-related effects on AR activity. Enzalutamide is a potent inhibitor of the AR axis, binding to the AR with high selectivity, and targeting multiple steps in AR signaling, including inhibition of AR ligand binding, AR nuclear translocation, and AR-mediated DNA binding. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate AR expression in MCL cell lines and human specimens and explore the effect of AR-axis blockade with enzalutamide on MCL tumor cell proliferation. METHODS: MCL cell lines (JVM-13, Maver-1, Jeko-1, Rec-1, JVM-2, Granta and Mino), non-MCL cell lines (SUDHL4, FL18 and Ramos) and prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, VCaP, PC3 and Du-145) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Maryland, USA) and cultured in accordance with supplier recommended methods. Buffy coat specimens from three MCL patients with circulating tumor cells were utilized for RNA isolation and analysis of AR transcript expression. Additionally, formalin fixed samples from nine archival MCL tumor specimens were obtained for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of AR staining. RNA was isolated and prepared for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) using primers for AR and PSA. All qRT-PCR experiments were performed in triplicate, and the housekeeping gene RPL13A was used as an endogenous control. Proliferation assays were carried out with cells brought up in serum free media, incubated under standard culture conditions for 24 hours, then plated in triplicate with the AR antagonist enzalutamide (10uM), the synthetic AR agonist R1881 (1nM), or the combination for 96 hours. Following the incubation period, cells were transferred to a flat-bottomed 96-well plate and proliferation was quantified using the CyQUANTTM Assay Kit. RESULTS: The median expression of AR transcript was significantly higher in MCL lines than in non-MCL B-NHL lines (normalized to the difference in cycle threshold (dCT) of the housekeeping gene RPL13A). The median dCT for AR was -12 in MCL lines (range -11 to -15) vs. -18 in non-MCL lines (p=0.006; Figure 1A), representing a 64 fold difference in transcript expression. Additionally, the tight correlation between the canonical AR-regulated target gene PSA and AR (r=.715, p=0.001; Figure 1B) suggests that AR expression within these MCL lines is functionally active and capable of driving transactivation of target genes. These findings were also observed in a limited number of frozen, patient-derived MCL tumors; where 2 of 3 samples demonstrated AR and PSA transcripts at levels similar to those observed in the MCL cell lines (Figure 1C). Staining of formalin fixed human MCL tumor cells for AR expression by IHC demonstrated a spectrum of expression; including tumors with no staining, tumors with predominantly cytoplasmic AR staining, and tumors with evidence of scattered nuclear AR staining. Proliferation assays of four different AR+ MCL lines (Granta, Jeko, Maver, Rec-1) with the AR agonist R1881, enzalutamide, or the combination demonstrated somewhat limited stimulation by agonist but consistent and statistically significant suppression of proliferation by enzalutamide (Figure 2). The magnitude of suppression in several of the MCL lines (eg, Granta and Jeko) was comparable to that observed in the AR+ LNCaP PCa cell line. CONCLUSION: Functional AR transcript is overexpressed in both MCL cell lines and human tumor samples. Blockade of the AR-axis by enzalutamide effects consistent and reproducible suppression of MCL tumor growth, even in the presence of AR agonist R1881. These results have led to the conception and recent initiation of an NCCN funded phase II clinical trial evaluating the safety and clinical efficacy of enzalutamide as a novel therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory MCL (NCT02489123). Disclosures Gopal: Paid Consultancy- Gilead, Janssen, Seattle Genetics, Spectrum, Research funding- Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, BMS, Merck, Teva, Takeda, Spectrum, Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

The significance of information fusion for structural health monitoring and damage detection is introduced. The three levels of information fusion for multisensors are described. For the complex in the structural health monitoring, the distributed multisensor information fusion is more suitable and the structure is discussed. In the damage information fusion for character level, the concept for structural integral support vector machine damage detection matrix, damage self-information, and damage information entropy are presented. For a complex structure, it can be divided into multiple substructures in order to simplify the difficult for health monitoring, the data acquisition and support vector machine are established for each substructure in order to form integral damage detection matrix. In the damage information fusion for decision level, the methods based on fuzzy set theory, material element theory, and fuzzy neural network are proposed. The results given by a numerical example about space structure show that all the methods are valid and effective.

Motivation: Selecting a small number of signature genes for accurate classification of samples is essential for the development of diagnostic tests. However, many genes are highly correlated in gene expression data, and hence, many possible sets of genes are potential classifiers. Because treatment outcomes are poor in advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), we hypothesized that expression of classifiers of advanced phase CML when detected in early CML [chronic phase (CP) CML], correlates with subsequent poorer therapeutic outcome. Results: We developed a method that integrates gene expression data with expert knowledge and predicted functional relationships using iterative Bayesian model averaging. Applying our integrated method to CML, we identified small sets of signature genes that are highly predictive of disease phases and that are more robust and stable than using expression data alone. The accuracy of our algorithm was evaluated using cross-validation on the gene expression data. We then tested the hypothesis that gene sets associated with advanced phase CML would predict relapse after allogeneic transplantation in 176 independent CP CML cases. Our gene signatures of advanced phase CML are predictive of relapse even after adjustment for known risk factors associated with transplant outcomes. Availability: The source codes and data sets used are available from the web site http://expression.washington.edu/publications/kayee/integratedBMA. Contact: kayee@u.washington.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Possible $2S$ and $1D$ excited $D$ and ${D}_{s}$ states are studied, the charmed states $D(2550{)}^{0}$, ${D}^{*}(2600)$, $D(2750{)}^{0}$, and ${D}^{*}(2760)$ newly observed by the BABAR Collaboration are analyzed. The masses of these states are explored within the Regge trajectory phenomenology, and the strong decay widths are computed within the heavy-quark effective theory. Both the mass and the decay width indicate that $D(2550{)}^{0}$ is a good candidate for $2^{1}S_{0}$. The strong decay property of ${D}^{*}(2600)$ and ${D}_{s1}^{*}(2700{)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ is described well by pure $2^{3}S_{1}$ states. If a mixing between $2^{3}S_{1}$ and $1^{3}D_{1}$ does exist, the mixing angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is not large and $2^{3}S_{1}$ is predominant. ${D}^{*}(2760)$ and ${D}_{\mathrm{sJ}}^{*}(2860{)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ are possibly the $1^{3}D_{3}$ $D$, and ${D}_{s}$, respectively. $D(2750{)}^{0}$ and ${D}^{*}(2760)$ seem two different states, and $D(2750{)}^{0}$ is very possibly the $1D({2}^{\ensuremath{-}},\frac{5}{2})$ though the possibility of $1D({2}^{\ensuremath{-}},\frac{3}{2})$ has not been excluded. There may exist an unobserved meson ${D}_{\mathrm{sJ}}(2850{)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ corresponding to ${D}_{\mathrm{sJ}}^{*}(2860{)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$.

Diquark is employed to study the spectrum of baryons with one charm quark and two light quark within the mass loaded flux tube model. The spin‐orbit interaction is taken into account based on the heavy quark symmetry. Some observed Λc and Ξc baryons are systematically classified with suggested JP quantum numbers.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Tang active fraction (HIJDTAF) on calcium overloading in neurons. Method Cerebral ischemia was imitated by hypoxia/hypoglycemia damage on fetal rat neurons. Double wavelength fluorospectrophotometry was used to assay the content of calcium in neurons in order to evaluate the effect of HLJDTAF on calcium overloading. Neurons were treated with glutamic acid, potassium chloride (KCl), A23187, caffeine(CAF) and methacholine (Mch) to analysis the related mechanism of HLJDTAF on calcium overloading in neurons. Result HLJDTAF 0.3, 0.15 g x k(-1) could remarkably inhibit the calcium overloading in neurons caused by hypoxia/hypoglycemia, glutamic acid, KCl and A23187. HLJDTAF 0.3 g x kg(-1) could inhibit the increasing of calcium caused by CAF and Mch in the presence of and in the absence of extra-calcium. Conclusion HLJDTAF could remarkably inhibit the calcium overloading in neurons after cerebral ischemia injury, it probably plays the function via several pathways.

${D}_{s}$ mesons are investigated in a semiclassic flux tube model where the spin-orbit interaction is taken into account. Spectrum of $D$-wave ${D}_{s}$ is predicted. The predicted spectrum is much lower than most previous predictions. Analysis of some ${D}_{s}$ candidates is made. ${D}_{sJ}(2632{)}^{+}$ may be a ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ${j}^{P}={\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or 1 $^{3}D_{1}$) orbitally excited ${D}_{s}$ meson if it really exists. ${D}_{s1}(2700{)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ is very possibly the first radially excited ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (${j}^{P}={\frac{1}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or 2 $^{3}S_{1}$) ${D}_{s}$ meson [the first radial excitation of ${D}_{s}^{\ensuremath{\star}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}(2112{)}^{0}$]. ${D}_{sJ}^{\ensuremath{\star}}(2860{)}^{+}$ should be a ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (${j}^{P}={\frac{5}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or 1 $^{3}D_{3}$) orbitally excited ${D}_{s}$ meson, and ${D}_{sJ}(3040{)}^{+}$ is the first radially excited ${1}^{+}$ (${j}^{P}={\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$) ${D}_{s}$ meson. Our conclusions are consistent with the latest BABAR experiment.

LGM vertical mill (LGMVM) is a new type of high efficient and low energy consumption mill. It has been designed and developed on the basis of certain domestic and overseas advanced technologies of powder processing. Its characteristics include that low energy consumption, low noise, and so on. It uses centrifugal force caused by rotation of rollers as grinding force, and mills the material. This paper analyses the data gathered from the spot experiment of LGMVM, and proves the design of the LGMVM is rational and excellent.

Four-quark states are discussed within the constituent quark model. Incompleteness of existed studies of four-quark state with QCD sum rule is analyzed. The masses of diquark cluster were determined by QCD sum rules, and light four-quark states masses were obtained in terms of the diquark. The four-quark state possibility of the newly observed near-threshold p\bar p enhancement, X(1835), X(1812) and X(1576) by BES is discussed., 4pages, no figure, PTPTEX, talk at the Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS2006), "New frontiers in QCD", Kyoto, Japan

It has been hypothesized that high triggering doses of hyperoxaluria induce crystal formation, while lower maintenance doses promote crystal growth. We confirmed this using minipumps secreting 30 to 60 μmol potassium oxalate per day to induce modest, continuous hyperoxaluria for 28 days after the triggering dose (288 μmol oxalate) was given as an i.p. injection or infused over 24hr. Calcium oxalate crystal deposition was induced in 6/6 rats. This hypothesis could explain the modest clinical correlation between oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate stone disease.

This paper describes a long-term operation of the 2.45-GHz microwave proton source at Peking University. The DC proton beam of 50–55 mA with energy of 35 keV has been run for 306 hours continuously. Total beam availability, defined as 35-keV beam-on time divided by elapsed time, is higher than 99%. Water cooling machine failures cause all the downtime, and no plasma generator failure or high voltage breakdown is observed. The longest uninterrupted run time is 122 hours.

Four-quark states with different internal clusters are discussed within the constituent quark model. It is pointed out that the diquark concept is not meaningful in the construction of a tetraquark interpolating current in the QCD sum rule approach, and hence existing sum-rule studies of four-quark states are incomplete. An updated QCD sum-rule determination of the properties of diquark clusters is then used as input for the constituent quark model to obtain the masses of light $0^{++}$ tetraquark states ({\it i.e.\} a bound state of two diquark clusters). The results support the identification of $\sigma(600)$, $f_0(980)$ and $a_0(980)$ as the $0^{++}$ light tetraquark states, and seem to be inconsistent with the tetraquark state interpretation of the new BES observations of the near-threshold $p\bar p$ enhancements, X(1835) and X(1812), with the possible exception that X(1576) may be an "exotic" first orbital excitation of $f_0(980)$ or $a_0(980)$., Comment: 7 pages, 4 eps figures, RevTex, two figures and some references added, published version in PRD

The linearity and parallelism of Regge trajectories is combined with a hyperfine splitting relation in multiplet to study charmonium spectrum. It is found that predictions to the spectrum of 1D multiplet could be made once another 1D state is confirmed. The newly observed X(3872), Y(3940), X(3940), Y(4260) and Z(3930) are studied within the charmonium framework., 13 pages, 2 tables, no figure, LaTex, Published version

Development of chemotherapy resistance and evasion from apoptosis in osteosarcoma, a primary malignant bone tumor, is often correlated with constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Here, we investigated the ability of a polyphenolic fraction of green tea (GTP) that has been shown to have antitumor effects on various malignant cell lines to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human osteosarcoma SAOS-2 cells. Treatment of SAOS-2 cells with GTP (20-60 microg/ml) resulted in reduced cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, which correlated with decreased nuclear DNA binding of NF-kappaB/p65 and lowering of NF-kappaB/p65 and p50 levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus. GTP treatment of cells reduced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation but had no effect on its protein expression. Furthermore, GTP treatment resulted in the inhibition of IKK-alpha and IKK-beta, the upstream kinases that phosphorylate IkappaB-alpha. The increase in apoptosis in SAOS-2 cells was accompanied with decrease in the protein expression of Bcl-2 and concomitant increase in the levels of Bax. GTP treatment of SAOS-2 cells also resulted in significant activation of caspases as was evident by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 in these cells. Treatment of SAOS-2 cells with a specific caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO (Ac-DEVD-CHO) and general caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) rescued SAOS-2 cells from GTP-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that GTP is a candidate therapeutic for osteosarcoma that mediates its antiproliferative and apoptotic effects via activation of caspases and inhibition of NF-kappaB.

Status of investigations of the new observed charmed strange mesons D{sub SJ}*(2317){sup {+-}}, D{sub SJ}(2460){sup {+-}} and D{sub SJ}(2632){sup +} is simply reviewed. A systemic classification to these states with Regge trajectories (RTs) was made. We found that D{sub SJ}*(2317){sup {+-}} and D{sub SJ}(2460){sup {+-}} are reasonable to be arranged as (0{sup +},1{sup +}) states, but D{sub SJ}(2632){sup +} seems not possible to be an orbital excited tensor particle. As a byproduct, the nonstrange charmed mesons including D{sub 1}{sup '}(2427) and D*(2637){sup +} were analyzed also.