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espanolObjetivos: Estimar la incidencia de ITU en embarazadas de un centro de salud urbano que fueron estudiadas entre enero 2017 y junio 2018, detectando el germen mas frecuentemente implicado y distinguiendo entre persistencia/recurrencia. Conocer las complicaciones en embarazadas derivadas de haber sufrido algun episodio de ITU. Material y metodo: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que se llevo a cabo en centro de salud urbano. Muestra: 79 mujeres embarazadas que tuvieron un seguimiento completo de su gestacion en el centro de salud y en el periodo de tiempo indicado. Variables: Seguimiento correcto del proceso, urocultivos positivos, germen implicado, episodios de persistencia/recurrencia y complicaciones tanto no obstetricas (pielonefritis aguda (PNA)) como obstetricas (bajo peso al nacer, parto pretermino y mortalidad perinatal). Resultados: Seguimiento correcto del proceso en un 96,2 % de embarazos. Incidencia de ITU del 14%. Germen implicado mas frecuente: Escherichia coli con una incidencia mayor del 45% y Klebiella con un 27%. Aparece un episodio de persistencia de Streptococo agalactiae y una recurrencia. Un episodio de PNA, lo que supone un 9% de complicaciones. Conclusiones: Encontramos una incidencia de ITU mayor a la descrita en la literatura. Germen implicado con mayor frecuencia: Escherichia coli. Aparece una complicacion por PNA sin darse complicaciones obstetricas. EnglishObjectives: To estimate the incidence of UTI in pregnant women from an urban health center who were studied between January 2017 and June 2018, detecting the germ most frequently involved and distinguishing between persistence / recurrence. To know the complications in pregnant women derived from having suffered an episode of UTI. Material and method: Retrospective observational study that took place in an urban health center. Sample: 79 pregnant women who had a complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the health center and in the period of time indicated. Variables: Correct follow-up of the process, positive urine cultures, germ implicated, episodes of persistence / recurrence and both non-obstetric complications (acute pyelonephritis (PNA)) and obstetric (low birth weight, preterm delivery and perinatal mortality). Results: Correct follow-up of the process in 96.2% of pregnancies. ITU incidence of 14%. The most frequent implicated germ: Escherichia coli with an incidence higher than 45% and Klebiella with 27%. An episode of Streptococcus agalactiae persistence and recurrence appears. An episode of ANP, which represents 9% complications. Conclusions: An incidence of UTI greater than that described in the literature was found. Germ most frequently implicated: Escherichia coli. A complication appears for PNA without obstetric complications.

Resumen El turismo es un elemento clave para el progreso socioeconómico e involucra a una gran cantidad de agentes, entre ellas, las cadenas hoteleras. Este artículo tiene como objetivo la propuesta de un modelo de gestión de la comunicación de las marcas de las cadenas hoteleras a través de las sedes web. En este contexto, el valor de la marca se asienta en la correcta gestión de la comunicación a través de mensajes sobre determinadas variables que la configuran. Estas variables se concretan en los recursos intangibles que ayudan a explicar las marcas, entre ellas, la identidad corporativa (lo que las organizaciones son), su responsabilidad social corporativa (lo que están dispuestas a hacer en beneficio de la sociedad por encima de lo que se les exige) y su reputación corporativa (el resultado de su comportamiento y de las percepciones positivas de sus públicos). Mediante la revisión de la literatura reciente, se establece un modelo inicial que se explica a través de una serie de variables, parámetros e ítems que definen la adecuada forma de transmitir los mensajes de marca de las cadenas hoteleras en sus sedes web. El modelo inicial fue sometido a validación a través de un panel Delphi de veintiséis expertos de los sectores del turismo y la comunicación. El modelo resultante es un instrumento para planificar/revisar la comunicación a través de las sedes web de las cadenas hoteleras, y también de otras organizaciones vinculadas al turismo, con el fin de transmitir correctamente sus mensajes de marca. Abstract Tourism is key to socioeconomic progress and involves a large number of agents, including hotel chains. This article intends to propose a model to manage brand communication of hotel chains through their websites. In this context, brand value is based on appropriate communication management through messages on certain variables comprising it. These variables materialize in intangible resources that help explain brands, including corporate identity (what organizations are), their corporate social responsibility (what they are willing to do for the benefit of society over what they are required to do) and their corporate reputation (the result of their behavior and the positive perceptions of their audiences). Founded on the review of recent literature, an initial model is established and described using a series of variables, parameters and items that define the appropriate way for hotel chains to transmit brand messages on their websites. The initial model was submitted for validation to a Delphi panel of twenty-six tourism and communication experts. The resulting model is an instrument to plan/review website communication of hotel chains and other tourism-related organizations in order to correctly send their brand messages. Resumo O turismo é um elemento fundamental para o progresso socioeconômico e envolve um grande número de agentes, entre eles, as cadeias de hotéis. O objetivo deste artigo é propor um modelo para a gestão da comunicação das marcas das cadeias hoteleiras através dos sites. Nesse contexto, o valor da marca é baseado no gerenciamento correto da comunicação através de mensagens sobre certas variáveis que a configuram. Essas variáveis são especificadas em recursos intangíveis que ajudam a explicar as marcas, como, por exemplo, a identidade corporativa (o que as organizações são), sua responsabilidade social corporativa (o que elas estão dispostas a fazer, acima do que lhes exigem, em benefício da sociedade) e sua reputação corporativa (o resultado do seu comportamento e as percepções positivas de seus públicos). Através da revisão da literatura recente, um modelo inicial explicado através de uma série de variáveis, parâmetros e itens que definem a maneira apropriada de transmitir as mensagens da marca das cadeias hoteleiras em seus sites é estabelecido. O modelo inicial foi submetido à validação por meio de um painel Delphi de 26 especialistas dos setores de turismo e comunicação. O modelo resultante é um instrumento para planejar/revisar a comunicação através dos sites das cadeias de hotéis, e também de outras organizações ligadas ao turismo, a fim de transmitir corretamente suas mensagens de marca.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar el ARN del virus de Lengua Azul (VLA) en Culicoides insignis y en muestras de sangre de ovinos de crianza extensiva en una localidad de Pucallpa, Ucayali. En una primera etapa se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de ovinos (n=46) de tres granjas para detectar anticuerpos en suero contra VLA mediante la prueba de inmunodifusión en gel agar (IDGA) y ELISA de competición. El 46.7, 81.3 y 20.0% de ovinos fueron seroreactores por IDGA, de los cuales el 96% fueron positivos a anticuerpos contra VLA mediante la prueba de ELISA. En la segunda etapa se capturaron 1143 Culicoides spp en las granjas seropositivas y se colectaron 15 muestras de sangre de ovinos. Se identificaron 1000 hembras de Culicoides insignis. Las hembras se agruparon en pools de 100 cada uno (C. insignis =10 pools y Culicoides spp = 1). Para el análisis molecular se realizó la extracción de ARN total a partir de las muestras de sangre de ovino y de los Culicoides, seguido de un PCR anidado utilizando dos pares de cebadores específicos que amplificaron el seg 7 de VLA. Solo un pool de C. insignis y una muestra de sangre de ovino evidenciaron una banda de 1070 pb aproximadamente. La presencia del ARN viral en el pool de C. insignis y en el ovino sugieren el posible rol de C. insignis como potencial vector para la transmisión de VLA en los ovinos de las granjas en estudio.

This study tests the positive effects of empowering leadership (ELSH) under boundary conditions in the hospitality industry. We propose the existence of an interactive process through which ELSH behaviors interact with employees’ personality type to condition their engagement, which in turn influences their extra-role service behavior. We use data from 294 employees and structural equation modeling. The results show that the interaction of ELSH with employees’ independent and interdependent personality is negatively related to their engagement. This decrease in engagement is then reflected in decreased extra-role service behaviors due to the positive relationship between engagement and extra-role service. These findings suggest that self-construal is a significant boundary condition capable of changing the positive relationship between ELSH and engagement to a negative one. Not considering this relationship when establishing a leadership strategy such as ELSH in the hospitality context could render efforts to achieve the goal of high-quality service ineffective., European Regional Development Fund (European Union), Spanish Government ECO2017-84138-P, Junta de Andalucia A-SEJ-154-UGR18, University of Granada/CBUA

A new clinical syndrome named as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) has been described. This new disease is a main cause of hospital and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We made a prospective-retrospective observational study to describe the innate cell signature and immunophenotype of children admitted to PICU because of PIMS-TS (from March 2020 to September 2020). They were compared with previous cohorts of healthy controls and children admitted to PICU because bacterial infection, viral infection and Kawasaki disease (KD). Two hundred and forty seven children were studied: 183 healthy controls, 25 viral infections, 20 bacterial infections, 6 KD and 13 PIMS-TS. PIMT-TS showed the lowest percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes with higher relative numbers of CD4+ (p =0,000). Monocytes and neutrophils in PIMS-TS showed higher levels of CD64 expression (p = 0,000). Also, CD11a and CD11b were highly expressed compare to other severe viral or bacterial infections (p = 0,000). In conclusion, we describe and compare for the first time the innate cellular response of children with PIMS-TS with other severe forms of viral or bacterial infection and KD. These data should be further studied and may facilitate the diagnosis and management of these patients.

Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.

A new clinical syndrome associated to SARS-CoV-2 has been described in children. It has been named as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). This new disease is a main cause of hospital and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). In this work we describe the innate cell signature and immunophenotype of children admitted to PICU because of PIMS-TS. Also, we compare it with healthy controls and children admitted to PICU because bacterial infection, viral infection and Kawasaki disease. We made a prospective-retrospective observational study in a tertiary pediatric hospital. Children admitted to PICU because of PIMS-TS from March 2020 to September 2020 were consecutively included. They were compare with previous cohorts from our center. A total of 247 children were included: 183 healthy controls, 25 viral infections, 20 bacterial infections, 6 Kawasaki disease and 13 PIMS-TS. PIMT-TS showed the lowest percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes with higher relative numbers of CD4+ (p =0,000). At the same time, we describe a differential expression of CD64, CD11a and CD11b. Monocytes and neutrophils in PIMS-TS showed higher levels of CD64 expression compared to all groups (p = 0,000). Also, proteins involved in leukocyte tissue migration, like CD11a and CD11b were highly expressed compare to other severe viral or bacterial infections (p = 0,000). In PIMS-TS this increased CD11a expression could be a sign of the activation and trafficking of these leukocytes. These findings are congruent with an inflammatory process and the trend of these cells to leave the bloodstream. In conclusion, we compare for the first time the innate cellular response of children with PIMS-TS with other severe forms of viral or bacterial infection and Kawasaki disease. Our findings define a differential cell innate signature. These data should be further studied and may facilitate the diagnosis and management of these patients.

Haematopoiesis is the process of generation of blood cells. Lymphopoiesis generates lymphocytes, the cells in charge of the adaptive immune response. Disruptions of this process are associated with diseases like leukaemia, which is especially incident in children. The characteristics of self-regulation of this process make them suitable for a mathematical study. In this paper we develop mathematical models of lymphopoiesis using currently available data. We do this by drawing inspiration from existing structured models of cell lineage development and integrating them with paediatric bone marrow data, with special focus on regulatory mechanisms. A formal analysis of the models is carried out, giving steady states and their stability conditions. We use this analysis to obtain biologically relevant regions of the parameter space and to understand the dynamical behaviour of B-cell renovation. Finally, we use numerical simulations to obtain further insight into the influence of proliferation and maturation rates on the reconstitution of the cells in the B line. We conclude that a model including feedback regulation of cell proliferation represents a biologically plausible depiction for B-cell reconstitution in bone marrow. Research into haematological disorders could benefit from a precise dynamical description of B lymphopoiesis., Comment: Submitted to Journal of Theoretical Biology

Hace años venimos hablando de las brechas de género en el mercado laboral, pero ¿qué tanto hemos avanzado? ¿Qué iniciativas podemos implementar rápidamente para reducir esa distancia? La desigualdad de género es un problema estructural en nuestra región. Por eso, el Grupo BID, PwC y ONU Mujeres, en el marco del programa Ganar-Ganar, decidieron unir fuerzas para promover distintas acciones que favorezcan la equidad a través del premio anual dirigido a la empresas llamado "El talento no tiene género". En este documento, se recopilan lecciones aprendidas y buenas prácticas de las experiencias de algunos participantes de la edición 2019.

Difficulties in the collection of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have limited the gene therapy in this disease. We have investigated (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02931071) the safety and efficacy of filgrastim and plerixafor for mobilization of HSPCs and collection by leukapheresis in FA patients. Nine of eleven enrolled patients mobilized beyond the threshold level of 5 CD34+ cells/μL required to initiate apheresis. A median of 21.8 CD34+ cells/μL was reached at the peak of mobilization. Significantly, the oldest patients (15 and 16 years old) were the only ones who did not reach that threshold. A median of 4.27 million CD34+ cells/kg was collected in 2 or 3 aphereses. These numbers were markedly decreased to 1.1 million CD34+ cells/kg after immunoselection, probably because of weak expression of the CD34 antigen. However, these numbers were sufficient to facilitate the engraftment of corrected HSPCs in non-conditioned patients. No procedure-associated serious adverse events were observed. Mobilization of CD34+ cells correlated with younger age, higher leukocyte counts and hemoglobin values, lower mean corpuscular volume, and higher proportion of CD34+ cells in bone marrow (BM). All these values offer crucial information for the enrollment of FA patients for gene therapy protocols., Graphical abstract, Mobilization and collection of HSPCs from FA patients with sufficient HSPC reserve is a safe and efficient procedure, incorporating filgrastim and plerixafor as mobilization agents. Adequate HSPC mobilization correlates with younger age, higher leukocyte counts and hemoglobin values, lower mean corpuscular volume, and higher BM CD34+ cell numbers.

This paper analyses the use of the “buy one give one” model as part of the cause-related marketing activities that firms can develop. The specific case of the firm TOMS is studied as a paradigm for the application of this type of model. First, the model is described, and a reflection is made about the main advantages and disadvantages of its application. Second, the temporal evolution of the model is detailed. Since its creation (2006), TOMS has applied the “buy one give one” model. During that trajectory, a clear three-phase evolution is apparent: an initial stage and classic application of the “buy one give one” model (starting in 2006), a stage of slight evolution of the initial model (starting in 2014), and the current stage (starting in 2015) in which the model is further relaxed through the creation of a donation fund. Currently TOMS is managing to combine the classic “buy one give one” model with more sophisticated formulas while always keeping profits above 30%.

Artificial intelligence methods may help in unveiling information that is hidden in high-dimensional oncological data. Flow cytometry studies of haematological malignancies provide quantitative data with the potential to be used for the construction of response biomarkers. Many computational methods from the bioinformatics toolbox can be applied to these data, but they have not been exploited in their full potential in leukaemias, specifically for the case of childhood B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. In this paper, we analysed flow cytometry data that were obtained at diagnosis from 56 paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia patients from two local institutions. Our aim was to assess the prognostic potential of immunophenotypical marker expression intensity. We constructed classifiers that are based on the Fisher&rsquo, s Ratio to quantify differences between patients with relapsing and non-relapsing disease. We also correlated this with genetic information. The main result that arises from the data was the association between subexpression of marker CD38 and the probability of relapse.

La COVID-19 puso a prueba a los sistemas de innovación de los países de América Latina y el Caribe a la hora de aportar soluciones innovadoras para hacer frente a los retos impuestos por la pandemia. Si bien esta respuesta está asociada a las capacidades generadas a través de los años, los países respondieron con soluciones de productos biológicos, dispositivos médicos, plataformas y habilidades digitales y suministros médicos. En este documento se presentan algunas iniciativas públicas y privadas apoyadas por la División de Competitividad, Tecnología e Innovación -a través de ministerios o agencias de innovación- y el BID Lab, que demuestran la capacidad de los países de la región para responder a los desafíos sanitarios de la pandemia y apoyar la recuperación económica en la nueva normalidad productiva. Además, propone algunas recomendaciones para mejorar el entorno en el cual se desarrollaron estas iniciativas, con el fin de fortalecer las capacidades científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación y estar en condiciones de afrontar futuros acontecimientos de la magnitud de la COVID-19.

Present different flap alternatives when performing microvascular free-flap reconstruction in acute hard-to-heal wounds.A retrospective review of patients whose acute hard-to-heal wounds were treated with microvascular free-flap reconstruction. Data on demographics, wound aetiology, diagnostic, previous treatment, free-flap type, free-flap size, complications and follow up were analysed.A total of 20 patients received microvascular free-flap reconstruction. The median age was 39.5 years. Twenty free-flap reconstructions were performed. These included: 3 cross-leg free flap, 1 cross-leg vascular cable bridge flap, 2 fibula osteocutaneous flap, 6 anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, 3 thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap, 3 fasciomyocutaneous flap, and 2 femoral artery fasciocutaneous flap. A patient required microvascular anastomosis due to hematoma; the rest did not present complications during their postoperative. Previous treatment included negative pressure wound therapy (12 patients) and surgical debridement with silver hydrogel dressings (8 patients).Hard-to-heal wounds can be unresponsive to traditional wound healing practices or local flaps. They often require free-flap reconstruction, using tissues similar to those compromised. Microvascular techniques can be an effective alternative.El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar diferentes opciones de manejo de heridas de difícil cicatrización utilizando colgajos libres microvasculares.Se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes con heridas traumáticas de difícil cicatrización, a quienes se les realizó reconstrucción con colgajo libre. Se analizaron datos demográficos, etiología de la herida, diagnóstico, tratamiento previo de la herida, tipo de colgajo utilizado, dimensiones del defecto y del colgajo, vasos receptores, complicaciones, y seguimiento.En total, 20 pacientes fueron sometidos a reconstrucciones con colgajos libres. La edad promedio fue de 39,5 años. Se realizaron 20 colgajos libres, entre ellos: 3 de piernas cruzadas, 1 de piernas cruzadas con puente vascular, 2 osteocutáneos de peroné, 6 fasciocutáneos anterolateral del muslo, 3 perforantes de la arteria toracodorsal, 3 miocutáneos dorsal ancho, y 2 fasciocutáneos de la perforante de la arteria femoral profunda. Un paciente requirió revisión de anastomosis microvascular debido a un hematoma. El resto de los pacientes no presentó intercurrencias en el postoperatorio. Respecto al tratamiento previo, 12 pacientes recibieron terapia de presión negativa, mientras que 8 tuvieron desbridamientos quirúrgicos con subsecuente aplicación de hidrogel con plata iónica.Las heridas de difícil cicatrización no tienen una buena respuesta al tratamiento convencional con curaciones, injertos o colgajos locales, sino que requieren la transferencia de tejidos similares a los que se han perdido. Las técnicas microvasculares pueden ser una alternativa.

In order to propose risk-adapted mobilization algorithms, several authors have tried to look for predictive factors of the CD34We report the results of 46 mobilizations and apheresis procedures performed in our center with unfavorable D/R ratio. Mobilization was attempted by the standard regime of G-CSF (10 mcg/kg/24 hours) in 28 cases (60.9%), with high dose G-CSF (10 mcg/kg/12 hours) in 9 cases (19.6%), and with plerixafor and G-CSF single dose regime in 9 cases (19.6%).CD34Tailoring the mobilization regime we can reach the target cell dose, even in those cases with the worst D/R ratio.

El artículo sostiene que la educación intercultural emancipa a los pueblos indígenas y contribuye a la construcción de una democracia dialógica. Además, señala que la escuela juega un papel importante, puesto que promueve el respeto al Otro, fomenta saberes y aprendizajes más horizontales entre los estudiantes y docentes. Pero, también indica que la falta de presupuesto, la burocracia, la discriminación y el rechazo a la cultura no occidental impiden la construcción de una nueva escuela. Dicho esto, el propósito de este trabajo consiste en analizar la situación actual de los pueblos indígenas y la educación en el estado de Guerrero. La discusión sobre este tema permite que los actores educativos y la sociedad reconsideren el hecho de que el diálogo intercultural refuerza el sentido de pertenencia y de identidad de aquellas comunidades como los amuzgos, mixtecos, nahuas y tlapanecos, quienes se han visto en situación de marginalidad durante estos últimos decenios. En cuanto a la metodología, nos apoyamos en la sociología reflexiva e interpretativa con la finalidad de llevar a cabo un análisis minucioso de las fuentes bibliográficas y hemerográficas, pero también de las complejidades, posibilidades y paradojas del sistema educativo mexicano.

International audience; Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) is an estimator that has found widespread application for causal information systems (IS) research. Recently, the method has been subject to many improvements, such as consistent PLS (PLSc) for latent variable models, a bootstrap-based test for overall model fit, and the heterotrait-to-monotrait ratio of correlations for assessing discriminant validity. Scholars who would like to rigorously apply PLS-PM need updated guidelines for its use. This paper explains how to perform and report empirical analyses using PLS-PM including the latest enhancements, and illustrates its application with a fictive example on business value of social media.

La risposta di Ana Castillo, Iperstoria, No 1 (2013): Arizona Book Ban

International audience; This study analyzes the relation between the firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, employer reputation, and social media in the academic conversation on business value of technology. Motivated by the controversy over the function of social media in the firm's generation of value from CSR activities, this study hypothesizes that firms that perform CSR activities may become better employers and that this positive relationship may be stronger when firms leverage social media technologies. We explain this effect of social media by arguing that these social technologies enable higher social visibility and exposure/credibility. We tested our research model with data from 100 organizations in Spain. The results provided two key insights: 1) CSR activities enable firms to build greater employer reputation; and 2) social media capability amplifies the effect of CSR activities on employer reputation. This study contributes to Information Systems and Business Ethics research by arguing theoretically and demonstrating empirically that leveraging a technology such as social media generates business value through maximization of the positive impact of CSR activities on employer reputation of the firm.

This study analyzes the relation between the firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, employer reputation, and social media in the academic conversation on business value of technology. Motivated by the controversy over the function of social media in the firm’s generation of value from CSR activities, this study hypothesizes that firms that perform CSR activities may become better employers and that this positive relationship may be stronger when firms leverage social media technologies. We explain this effect of social media by arguing that these social technologies enable higher social visibility and exposure/credibility. We tested our research model with data from 100 organizations in Spain. The results provided two key insights: 1) CSR activities enable firms to build greater employer reputation; and 2) social media capability amplifies the effect of CSR activities on employer reputation. This study contributes to Information Systems and Business Ethics research by arguing theoretically and demonstrating empirically that leveraging a technology such as social media generates business value through maximization of the positive impact of CSR activities on employer reputation of the firm.

IT project management requires qualified staff capable of facing the rapidly changing conditions and even terminology of technology while managing large teams of people where main costs come from human work. A key factor for managing human side of IT is the understanding of the essential feature of people performance: skills. Capability to cope with this highly demanding field should firstly rely on clear and standardized frameworks for skills, not only the technical or hard ones but also the soft or behavioral ones, considered by employers as essential for employees' productivity. This chapter shows how the recent development of frameworks and standards in European Union (e.g. EN16234 or ESCO classification) is enabling the powerful exploitation of open big data from existing skills analysis systems for a more precise and solid determination of recommended skills for IT project management. The analysis will especially focus on the behavioral skills.

A partir del año 2017, desde el Departamento de Pintura de la Universidad de Granada dentro del Grado en Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales, estamos realizando actividades dirigidas a fomentar la literacidad en el alumnado y recuperar la apreciación por los libros a diferentes edades. Con la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías y el acceso a contenidos de todo tipo a través de las pantallas, asistimos al paulatino arrinconamiento de la lectura y el empleo de libros, restándoles valor y atención a sus aspectos formales, decorativos y textuales. Es por ello que consideramos fundamental llevar a cabo este tipo de iniciativas que trasladan a las aulas actividades prácticas para impulsar el conocimiento y reconocimiento de los libros a la par que desarrollan habilidades motrices, cognitivas y su creatividad. Debido a las inusuales circunstancias de este año 2020 y con motivo de la celebración del día del libro el 23 de abril, se han propuesto actividades para poder realizar en casa mediante un archivo digital descargable con contenido visual y audiovisual. Para la divulgación y la exposición de los trabajos realizados se ha utilizado un hashtag y las redes sociales. La realización de este tipo de actividades está aportando resultados muy positivos y con una alta implicación de los colectivos participantes. Además, consideramos que la implementación de este tipo de actividades de manera regulada en la enseñanza aporta numerosas ventajas como la sensibilización y conocimiento del patrimonio documental, la importancia de su conservación y su defensa., From 2017, the Department of Painting of the University of Granada, within the Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, carries out activities aimed at promoting literacy among students and recovering the appreciation of books at different ages. With the incorporation of new technologies and the access to information through the screens, we assist in the gradual abandonment of reading and the use of books, reducing their value and attention to their formal, decorative and textual aspects. That is why we consider it essential to carry out this type of initiative that brings practical activities into the classroom to promote knowledge and recognition of books while developing motor and cognitive skills and creativity. Due to the unusual circumstances of this year 2020 and for the celebration of Book Day on 23rd April, activities have been proposed to be carried out at home by means of a downloadable digital file with visual and audiovisual content. A hashtag and social networks have been used to disseminate and exhibit the work done. The realization of this type of activities is bringing very positive results and with a high implication of the groups involved. Furthermore, we consider that the implementation of this type of activities in a regulated way in education brings many advantages such as the awareness and knowledge of the documentary heritage, the importance of its conservation and its defence.

Este trabajo se desarrolla en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza (AMM), ciudad de clima árido con dos contextos geomorfológicos diferentes. El objetivo consiste en analizar la relación entre el comportamiento y confort térmico exterior de canales viales urbanos (CVU) insertos en llanura y piedemonte. Para ello, se seleccionó y monitoreó seis CVU insertos en tres formas de trama (racional, orgánica y Cul-de-Sac). Los resultados en cuanto al comportamiento térmico indican que el CVU racional es más caluroso en piedemonte que en llanura; el CVU Cul-de-Sac es más caluroso en llanura que en piedemonte; y el CVU orgánico registra la temperatura máxima más elevada pero la temperatura mínima más fresca en llanura. En términos de confort exterior, el CVU racional en llanura alcanza un 30%, y en el sector de piedemonte representa un 20%; el CVU orgánico en piedemonte alcanza un 30%, y en el sector de llanura alcanza un 20%; siendo el CVU Cul-de-Sac en piedemonte el de mejor habitabilidad (70%); mientras que en llanura alcanza solo un 20%. Esto demuestra que la respuesta térmica y el grado de confort de los CVU insertos en una misma trama urbana tienen diferentes comportamientos de acuerdo a la geomorfología de implantación. This research was carried out in the Mendoza Metropolitan Area (MMA), a city with an arid climate and two different geomorphological contexts. The objective is to analyze the relationship between the behavior and outdoor thermal comfort of urban canyons (UC) located on flatland and hillsides. To this end, six UC were selected in three urban layouts (grid, organic and cul-de-sac) and monitored. The results regarding thermal behavior indicate that the grid UC is hotter on hillsides than on flatland; the cul-de-sac UC is hotter on flatland than on hillsides; and the organic UC has the highest maximum temperature but the coolest minimum temperature on flatland. In terms of outdoor thermal comfort, the grid UC on flatland reaches 30%, and in the hillside area 20%; and the organic UC on the hillside reaches 30%, and in the flatland area 20%. The case with the best habitability was the cul-de-sac UC on the hillside, with thermal comfort reaching 70%, while only 20% in the cul-de-sac UC on flatland. This shows that the outdoor thermal behavior and comfort of the UCs in the same urban layout have different behaviors according to the geomorphology of their location. Fil: Castillo, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina Fil: Sosa, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina Fil: Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina Fil: Canton, Maria Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ambiente, Hábitat y Energía; Argentina

This study examines the impact of information technology (IT)-enabled knowledge ambidexterity on innovation performance, and the potential moderator role of social media capability on a sample composed of 100 small U.S. firms. The empirical analysis suggests that IT infrastructure enables the firm to explore new knowledge and exploit existing/new knowledge to innovate more and better. We also find that social media capability has a positive moderator role in this equation: IT infrastructure and social media capabilities work together to enable knowledge ambidexterity.

This paper presents a study of the gypsum plasterwork of the Courtyard of the Maidens, in the Royal Alcazar of Seville, focusing the attention in the knowledge of its original polychrome decorations. The Courtyard of the Maidens is one of the constructions made by Pedro I (13561366) within the monumental complex Alcazar of Seville. The importance of the palatial city determined its inclusion in the World Heritage List of UNESCO in 1987, along with the Cathedral and the India’s Archive. His status as permanent residence of the Spanish monarchs has allowed its preservation over the time. However, it has been intervened several times since its construction. This succession of interventions is especially noticeable in the plasterwork of said courtyard, where successive pictorial layers and lime layers hide the delicacy of the relief and the remains of the original polychrome, which currently shows a greyish aspect quite different from the original aspect of the plasterwork back in the 14th century, in which colour prevailed. After an exhaustive revision of the bibliographical documentation and a thorough field study, the method continued with the collection of microsamples for their analysis with instrumental techniques for Cultural Heritage -among which we could highlight the stereoscopic microscopy, the polarizing optical microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX), the X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the gas chromatography (GC-MS). These techniques made it possible to identify the mortar composition, the characteristics of the pictorial layer and the binding media used; thus determining the existence of remains from the original polychrome, as well as the procedures for its execution.

Summary Background The use of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) has increased outside the intensive care unit, as have rates of peripheral venous catheter associated-bloodstream infection (PVC-BSI). The internal medicine department (IMD) is one of the main wards where PVCs are widely used. However, data on the incidence of PVC-BSI and its characteristics in the IMD are scarce. Aim Our objective was to assess the incidence of PVC-BSI episodes detected in IMDs in Spain. Methods We performed a 1-year multicenter prospective observational cohort study in 14 Spanish IMDs. We included adult patients admitted with at least one PVC and bacteremia. Demographic and clinical data were provided by local coordinators. Findings We recorded 70 episodes of PVC-BSI, representing an overall rate of 1.64 PVC-BSI episodes/1,000 IMD admissions. Patients had a mean (SD) age of 67.44 (16.72) years. It was estimated that 25.7% of PVCs were no longer necessary. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism (41.7%). Phlebitis was clinically evident in 44 (62.9%) episodes and proved to be an independent predictor of catheter insertion in emergency departments (OR=5.44). The crude and attributable mortality rates were 12.9% and 5.7%, respectively. Conclusion Our study shows that PVCs carry a significant risk for bacteremia in Spanish IMDs. Phlebitis is not always clinically evident in patients with bacteremia in this population. Our findings support the need for educational and interventional preventive measures both in IMDs and in emergency departments to reduce the rate of PVC-BSI and associated comorbidities and costs.

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to evaluate possible changes in the left myocardial performance of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) during ascending levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) using speckle-tracking echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an interventional clinical study performed on CS patients under mechanical ventilation. These patients underwent echocardiography after 15 to 30 minutes of progressive increases in PEEP zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) (PEEP 5, PEEP 10, PEEP 15 cm H2O). We evaluated the changes caused by these increasing levels of PEEP on the E/E' ratio and the parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, including longitudinal strain (S) and strain rate (SR). Analyses of mean values were carried out using analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 65 CS patients were included. Their mean age was 68.58±14.61 years. Progressive increases in PEEP induced a significant decrease in the E/E' ratio (ZEEP=12.87±1.81; PEEP=5, 8.39±3.61; PEEP=10, 6.34±1.73; and PEEP=15, 7.10±0.37; P

Introduction Critically ill patients may suffer varying degrees of temporary myocardial dysfunction during respiratory weaning that could play an important role in weaning failure. Objectives In this study, we tried to assess the existence of temporary diastolic dysfunction during respiratory weaning. Methods Inclusion period is from 2006 to 2015. In this study, we included 181 ventilated patients with cardiogenic shock that were being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Twenty of those patients were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation, and the rest (161) experienced complications in their weaning process. All patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction >0.45 and E/E′ ratio ≤ 8, did not require vasoactive drugs at that time, and did not have remaining significant ischemic disease. We divided our patients into 3 groups, as follows: A, patients who could not tolerate a T-tube and required pressure-support ventilation (82); B, patients who successfully tolerated a T-tube period (20); and C, patients who could not tolerate spontaneous breathing modes of mechanical ventilation and remained on assisted mechanical ventilation. We performed stress echocardiography for the last two groups; using dobutamine to assess diastolic function and using ephedrine to evaluate functional mitral regurgitation (MR). We estimated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure through the E/E′ ratio and the flow in the pulmonary veins. Results In group A (ie, those patients who could not tolerate a T-tube trial), we observed an increase in the E/E′ ratio (6.32 ± 0.77 vs 15.2 ± 6.65; P = .0001) and a worsening of strain (S) and strain rate (SR) (−13.6 ± 1.80 vs −11.88 ± 5.6, P = .0001; and −1.3 ± 1.28 vs −0.95 ± 0.38, P = .0001; respectively). We did not observe a change in the E/E′ ratio during stress echocardiogram on those patients with successful weaning from mechanical ventilation (7.41 ± 0.43 vs 8.38 ± 4.57, P = .001). However, we did see in this group an increased peak velocity of the S wave and of SR (−16.11 ± 08.72 vs −19.89 ± 5.62 and −1.48 ± 0.23 vs −1.59 ± 0.21, P = .001; respectively). In 42 weaning failure patients, the dobutamine echocardiography showed an increased E/E′ ratio (7.41 ± 0.43 vs 15.98 ± 7.98; P = .0001) and deterioration of S (−15.41 ± 09.56 vs −12.72 ± 6.55; P = .0001) and SR (−1.41 ± 0.78 vs −1.22 ± 0.65; P = .0001). In 37 patients without systolic or diastolic impairment and functional MR grade >2, ephedrine echocardiography showed an increase of effective regurgitant volume (29.56 ± 11.32 mL vs 46.56 ± 0.13 mL, P = .0001) and effective regurgitant orifice area (0.19 ± 0.09 cm2 vs 0.31 ± 0.09 cm2, P = .0001). Conclusions Stress echocardiography may be helpful in detecting silent diastolic and systolic dysfunction or severe MR that could have a major impact on respiratory weaning.

Defining species boundaries is important not only for the appropriate attribution of life history and ecological traits but also for sustainable fishery management and for the conservation of biodiversity. Problems arise from taxonomic uncertainty and incorrect species delineation leading to historical misidentification. This is the case of Pacific guitarfishes in the genus Zapteryx. We use a molecular phylogenetic approach combining mitochondrial and nuclear loci to investigate genetic variation in fish along the Mexican Pacific coast. Our analyses reveal a lack of nuclear and mitochondrial distinction between rays identified morphologically as banded guitarfish Z. exasperata and as southern banded guitarfish Z. xyster, casting doubts on the validity of their current systematics. However, we detected two mitochondrial lineages in accordance with the number of species described for the Pacific: a “northern” lineage corresponding to Z. exasperata and a “southern” lineage possibly attributable to Z. xyster. The poorly understood phenotypic plasticity in coloration and size of the evolutionary lineage of Z. exasperata and its apparently wider than currently thought geographic distribution (at least to Oaxaca) are the major sources of confusion regarding the taxonomic and geographic delineation of these nominal species. In light of our findings, eastern Pacific guitarfishes in the genus Zapteryx require a thorough taxonomic revision using morphological and genetic data to unveil what appears to be a complex pattern of diversification.

Definition of skills, occupations, professional profiles and similar concepts have been explored in the ICT area since long ago. It has been only recently in Europe when new frameworks and standards have strived in getting a real systematic conceptual map to this challenging and fast evolving field. More precisely, three are the most important references which provide different aspects and approaches to the challenge of creating a common language in the area: e-Competence Framework e-CF (EN 16234-1:2016), ESCO (European Skills, Competences and Occupations classification) and the European ICT BOK. This paper addresses the challenge of studying them with the goal of providing a consistent model covering the different views of the area. This is an essential step to integrate ICT profiles, competences, skill, knowledges and qualifications, keeping both an interlink to the different already existing systems and the capability to acknowledge and integrate emerging areas in ICT profession in the future. The resulting framework, named as eSkills Match, will allow development of future support systems which may provide self-assessment functions for job candidates, recommender modules to guide their training to target occupations and the possibility of knowledge validation options aligned to the specific set of skills, knowledges and competences used as basic elements of the model. The proposed framework provides a useful system for job candidates and employers.It integrates the ICT related reference schemes and standards: ESCO, e-CF and BOK.It includes ICT profiles, competences, skill, knowledges and qualifications.

La academia es un sistema generador de Innovación-desarrollo-investigación (I+D+I), de esto depende potenciar un impacto social provechoso como elemento principal para el crecimiento de cualquier sociedad. En el presente artículo se intenta abordar detalles del surgimiento, desarrollo y evolución de la academia como centro de formación, con el propósito de fomentar y potenciar su importancia, en estos tiempos de evaluación, en busca de la calidad educativa. La academia, además de perdurar en el tiempo, tiene como ventaja competitiva, el generar valor, como principal indicador entre los recursos intangibles. Es por eso, que el principal objetivo de esta investigación es visibilizar la academia, conocer sus posibilidades reales y sus beneficios en la época de digitalización.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. This letter has the purpose to comment the article by Marwaha et al. regarding affective instability and mental disorders. We wish to highlight the importance to report the proper measures of association in case-control studies, and the impact of adjusting the results when finding associations with possible confounders in the bivariate analysis. Revisión por pares Revisión por pares

Can social media-driven customer engagement help movie producers to increase movie sales? Movie producers use social media to boost customer engagement; however, our understanding of whether there is a relationship between pre-consumption customer engagement and movie sales is limited. This research explores what drives the success of movies on the opening-weekend. We examine the relationship between pre-consumption customer engagement driven by social media (i.e., personal and interactive engagement) and movie performance (i.e., opening-weekend box office revenues). Driven by the debate about the potential capacity of social media-driven customer engagement to improve movie performance and the limited understanding of the association of pre-consumption customer engagement and movie performance, this research suggests that social media-enabled customer engagement (i.e., personal and interactive engagement) has the potential to improve movie performance, and these two types of engagement can interact to make this effect stronger. We analyze these relationships drawing from the uses and gratifications theory and the social media affordances perspective that motivate customers to interact in social media. The theoretical model evaluation was tested on a unique and original dataset composed of 966 movies released in the U.K. and Spain. The empirical analysis suggests that personal and interactive engagement are positively related to movie performance, and the positive effects of personal and interactive engagement on movie performance are mutually reinforcing. This research contributes to Information Systems (IS) research by theorizing and empirically showing how customer engagement driven by social media creates business value by improving movie performance.

El síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRS) es una enfermedad viral de difusión mundial que ocasiona fallas reproductivas en cerdos adultos y problemas respiratorios en animales jóvenes. PRRS ocasiona graves pérdidas económicas, motivo por el cual, es considerada la enfermedad infecciosa de mayor impacto económico que afecta la industria porcina mundial. Ante la comprobada variabilidad genética del virus, el ICTV (Internacional Committee on Taxonomy of viruses) ha reclasificado los genotipos reconocidos inicialmente como europeo y americano; renombrándolos como Betaarterivirus suid-1 y 2, respectivamente. La re-clasificación estaría ampliamente influenciada por la biología del virus que impacta sobre el empleo de las técnicas de diagnóstico, y en la implementación de los mecanismos de control y prevención de la enfermedad. El objetivo de esta revisión es proveer a la comunidad veterinaria información actualizada sobre la reciente clasificación taxonómica, la organización del genoma, los mecanismos de respuesta inmunitaria y el impacto económico en Sudamérica, así como las nuevas alternativas para el diagnóstico, control y prevención de este agente viral de gran repercusión en la industria porcina nacional.

Los revestimientos murales de origen arqueológico presentan una problemática de conservación e intervención muy compleja, en los que la elección del consolidante a emplear ocupa un papel fundamental. Este trabajo pretende mostrar los ensayos de distintos tratamientos de consolidación que se han efectuado sobre fragmentos de pintura mural y de cornisa de cronología romana, procedentes del Conjunto Arqueológico de Castulo. El trabajo ha permitido desarrollar un análisis comparativo entre los distintos tratamientos basándonos, entre otros, en el estudio de micromuestras mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido de alta resolución (HRSEM), permitiendo comprobar las ventajas e inconvenientes del uso de cada uno de ellos.