294 results on '"Antonio Berná"'
Search Results
152. Contenido mineral y tamizaje fitoquímico en Physalis chenopodifolia Lam. en condiciones de desarrollo
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Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez, María de Lourdes Arvizu, José de Jesús Vargas-Radillo, Ofelia Vargas-Ponce, Antonio Bernabe-Antonio, and Lucía Barrientos-Ramírez
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Actividad biológica ,metabolitos secundarios ,minerales ,producto forestal no maderable ,tamizaje ,uso medicinal ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Dada su riqueza forestal, México cuenta con numerosas especies silvestres del género Physalis (Solanaceae) que poseen potencial para su aprovechamiento, desde el punto de vista fitoquímico; además tiene importantes propiedades medicinales. Physalis chenopodifolia es una de ellas. Taxon de amplia presencia en el territorio nacional, pero poco estudiado. Por este motivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue la caracterización mineral y el tamizaje fitoquimico del fruto y las hojas (follaje) de especímenes recolectados en condiciones silvestres y en plantas cultivadas bajo condiciones controladas. Se determinó mayor contenido de minerales en las muestras procedentes de cultivo. En el fruto: K y Mn, principalmente, y en hoja: K, N, Mn y Fe. Respecto al perfil fitoquímico, la mayor variedad de compuestos biológicos correspondió al tallo y hojas; los solventes acuosos e hidroalcóholicos fueron los medios de extracción más eficientes. Los metabolitos con mayor presencia resultaron ser los esteroides/terpenos, fenoles y flavonoides, los cuales se determinaron de forma cualitativa. La experiencia en el manejo agronómico y tecnficado de Physalis chenopodifolia en diversas regiones permite establecer que se trata de una planta de fácil incorporación al cultivo y constituye una fuente potencial de metabolitos de interés alimentario y biomédico, lo que la hace una especie forestal no maderable relevante. more...
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- 2018
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153. Tantalum Alloy Welding: Does the Thermal Cycle Influence the Microstructure?
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Antonio Bernardo Sánchez, Álvaro Presno Vélez, Tomás Fernández-Columbié, Isnel Rodríguez-Gonzalez, Ledennis Suárez Torres, Laura Álvarez de Prado, and Marta Menéndez Fernández
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tantalum welding ,microstructure ,heat-affected zone ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The aim of the present work is to verify the microstructural behavior of a B 521 tantalum alloy UNS Grade R05200 after welding, in relation to the welding thermal cycle. The joint design was a 1.5 mm thickness circumferential butt welding, on a 32 mm outside diameter pipe, welded in 1 G position (horizontal, flat, and rotating). The chosen welding process was gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The microstructural analysis showed the presence of coarse, dendritic-columnar structures, as well as a hexagonal cell, with no cracks noted. Hardness tests showed an increase in hardness, from 120 HV to 425 HV, in the heat-affected zone. Through finite element methods, the behavior of the temperature field was estimated and compared. more...
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- 2022
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154. The role of the steps in the cleavage of the C–C bond during ethanol oxidation on platinum electrodes.
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Flavio Colmati, Germano Tremiliosi-Filho, Ernesto R. Gonzalez, Antonio Berná, Enrique Herrero, and Juan M. Feliu
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Ethanol oxidation has been studied on stepped platinum single crystal electrodes in acid media using electrochemical and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The electrodes used belong to two different series of stepped surfaces: those having (111) terraces with (100) monoatomic steps and those with (111) terraces with (110) monoatomic steps. The behaviors of the two series of stepped surfaces for the oxidation of ethanol are very different. On the one hand, the presence of (100) steps on the (111) terraces provides no significant enhancement of the activity of the surfaces. On the other hand, (110) steps have a double effect on the ethanol oxidation reaction. At potentials below 0.7 V, the step catalyzes the C–C bond cleavage and also the oxidation of the adsorbed CO species formed. At higher potentials, the step is not only able to break the C–C bond, but also to catalyze the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid and acetaldehyde. The highest catalytic activity from voltammetry for ethanol oxidation was obtained with the Pt(554) electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2009
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155. Cryptic diversity in an Atlantic Forest malaria vector from the mountains of South-East Brazil
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Guilherme de Rezende Dias, Thais Tenorio Soares Fujii, Bernardo Fernandes Fogel, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Teresa Fernandes Silva-do-Nascimento, André Nóbrega Pitaluga, Carlos José Carvalho-Pinto, Antonio Bernardo Carvalho, Alexandre Afrânio Peixoto, and Luísa Damazio Pitaluga Rona more...
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Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii ,Population genetics ,Mosquitoes ,Cryptic species ,Speciation ,Malaria ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii is the primary vector of human and simian malarias in Brazilian regions covered by the Atlantic Rainforest. Previous studies found that An. cruzii presents high levels of behavioural, chromosomal and molecular polymorphisms, which led to the hypothesis that it may be a complex of cryptic species. Here, An. cruzii specimens were collected in five sites in South-East Brazil located at different altitudes on the inner and coastal slopes of two mountain ranges covered by Atlantic Rainforest, known as Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueria. Partial sequences for two genes (Clock and cpr) were generated and compared with previously published sequences from Florianópolis (southern Brazil). Genetic diversity was analysed with estimates of population structure (F ST ) and haplotype phylogenetic trees in order to understand how many species of the complex may occur in this biome and how populations across the species distribution are related. Results The sequences from specimens collected at sites located on the lower coastal slopes of Serra do Mar (Guapimirim, Tinguá and Sana) clustered together in the phylogenetic analysis, while the major haplotypes from sites located on higher altitude and at the continental side of the same mountains (Bocaina) clustered with those from Serra da Mantiqueira (Itatiaia), an inner mountain range. These two An. cruzii lineages showed statistically significant genetic differentiation and fixed characters, and have high F ST values typical of between species comparisons. Finally, in Bocaina, where the two lineages occur in sympatry, we found deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to a deficit of heterozygotes, indicating partial reproductive isolation. These results strongly suggest that at least two distinct lineages of An. cruzii (provisorily named “Group 1” and “Group 2”) occur in the mountains of South-East Brazil. Conclusions At least two genetically distinct An. cruzii lineages occur in the Atlantic Forest covered mountains of South-East Brazil. The co-occurrence of distinct lineages of An. cruzii (possibly incipient species) in those mountains is an interesting biological phenomenon and may have important implications for malaria prevalence, Plasmodium transmission dynamics and control. more...
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- 2018
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156. Model System for the Study of 2D Phase Transitions and Supramolecular Interactions at Electrified Interfaces: Hydrogen-Assisted Reductive Desorption of Catechol-Derived Adlayers from Pt(111) Single-Crystal Electrodes.
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Margarita Rodriguez-Lopez, Antonio Rodes, Antonio Berná, Victor Climent, Enrique Herrero, Paulino Tuñon, Juan M. Feliu, Antonio Aldaz, and Arnaldo Carrasquillo
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- 2008
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157. Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biotechnological Study of Ageratina pichinchensis: A Native Species of Mexico
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Mariana Sánchez-Ramos, Silvia Marquina-Bahena, Laura Alvarez, Angélica Román-Guerrero, Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, and Francisco Cruz-Sosa
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botanical description ,ethnomedicinal uses ,standardized extracts ,bioactive compounds ,biotechnology ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Ageratina pichinchensis (Asteraceae) has been used for a long time in traditional Mexican medicine for treating different skin conditions and injuries. This review aimed to provide an up-to-date view regarding the traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials) that have been achieved using crude extracts, fractions, or pure compounds. Moreover, for a critical evaluation of the published literature, key databases (Pubmed, Science Direct, and SciFinder, among others) were systematically searched using keywords to retrieve relevant publications on this plant. Studies that reported on crude extracts, fractions, or isolated pure compounds of A. pichinchensis have found a varied range of biological effects, including antibacterial, curative, antiulcer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemical analyses of different parts of A. pichinchensis revealed 47 compounds belonging to chromenes, furans, glycosylated flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils. Furthermore, biotechnological studies of A. pichinchensis such as callus and cell suspension cultures have provided information for future research perspectives to improve the production of valuable bioactive compounds. more...
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- 2021
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158. Intracoronary Delivery of Porcine Cardiac Progenitor Cells Overexpressing IGF-1 and HGF in a Pig Model of Sub-Acute Myocardial Infarction
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Cristina Prat-Vidal, Verónica Crisóstomo, Isabel Moscoso, Claudia Báez-Díaz, Virginia Blanco-Blázquez, Guadalupe Gómez-Mauricio, Guillermo Albericio, Susana Aguilar, María-Eugenia Fernández-Santos, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo, Antoni Bayes-Genis, and Antonio Bernad more...
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cardiac progenitor cell ,IGF-1 ,HGF ,lentiviral vectors ,decellularized extracellular matrix ,porcine large animal model ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) are considered a good candidate in cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, demonstrating capacity to improve functional recovery after myocardial infarction (MI), both in small and large preclinical animal models. However, improvements are required in terms of cell engraftment and efficacy. Based on previously published reports, insulin-growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have demonstrated substantial cardioprotective, repair and regeneration activities, so they are good candidates to be evaluated in large animal model of MI. We have validated porcine cardiac progenitor cells (pCPC) and lentiviral vectors to overexpress IGF-1 (co-expressing eGFP) and HGF (co-expressing mCherry). pCPC were transduced and IGF1-eGFPpos and HGF-mCherrypos populations were purified by cell sorting and further expanded. Overexpression of IGF-1 has a limited impact on pCPC expression profile, whereas results indicated that pCPC-HGF-mCherry cultures could be counter selecting high expresser cells. In addition, pCPC-IGF1-eGFP showed a higher cardiogenic response, evaluated in co-cultures with decellularized extracellular matrix, compared with native pCPC or pCPC-HGF-mCherry. In vivo intracoronary co-administration of pCPC-IGF1-eGFP and pCPC-HFG-mCherry (1:1; 40 × 106/animal), one week after the induction of an MI model in swine, revealed no significant improvement in cardiac function. more...
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- 2021
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159. Spectroelectrochemical Examination of the Interaction between Bacterial Cells and Gold Electrodes.
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Juan Pablo Busalmen, Antonio Berná, and Juan Miguel Feliu
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SEPARATION (Technology) , *ABSORPTION , *ELECTRODES , *ADSORPTION (Chemistry) - Abstract
The interaction between bacterial cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens(ATCC 17552) and gold electrodes was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and attenuated total reflection−surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR−SEIRAS). The voltammetric evaluation of cell adsorption showed a decrease in the double-layer capacitance of polyoriented single-crystal gold electrodes with cell adhesion. As followed by IR spectroscopy in the ATR configuration, the adsorption of bacterial cells onto thin-film gold electrodes was mainly indicated by the increase in intensity with time of amide I and amide II protein-related bands at 1664 and 1549 cm-1, respectively. Bands at 1448 and 2900 cm-1corresponding to the scissoring and the stretching bands of CH2were also detected, together with a minor peak at 1407 cm-1due to the vsCOO-stretching. Weak signals at 1237 cm-1were due to amide III, and a broad band between 1100 and 1200 cm-1indicated the presence of alcohol groups. Bacteria were found to displace water molecules and anions coadsorbed on the surface in order to interact with the electrode intimately. This fact was evidenced in the SEIRAS spectra by the negative features appearing at 3450 and 3575 cm-1, corresponding to interfacial water directly interacting with the electrode and water associated with chloride ions adsorbed on the electrode, respectively. Experiments in deuterated water confirmed these assignments and allowed a better estimation of amide absorption bands. In CV experiments, an oxidation process was observed at potentials higher than 0.4 V that was dependent on the exposure time of electrodes in concentrated bacterial suspensions. Adsorbed bacterial cells were found to get closer to the gold surface during oxidation, as indicated by the concomitant increment in the main IR bacterial signals including amide I, a sharp band at 1240 cm-1, and a broad one at 1120 cm-1related to phosphate groups in the bacterial membranes. It is proposed to be due to the oxidation of lipopolysaccharides on the outermost bacterial surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2007
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160. Risk score for first-screening of prevalent undiagnosed chronic kidney disease in Peru: the CRONICAS-CKD risk score
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Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, J. Jaime Miranda, Robert H. Gilman, Josefina Medina-Lezama, Julio A. Chirinos-Pacheco, Paola V. Muñoz-Retamozo, Liam Smeeth, William Checkley, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, and CRONICAS Cohort Study Group more...
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Risk assessment ,Kidney ,Chronic kidney disease ,Latin America ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a great burden for the patient and the health system, particularly if diagnosed at late stages. Consequently, tools to identify patients at high risk of having CKD are needed, particularly in limited-resources settings where laboratory facilities are scarce. This study aimed to develop a risk score for prevalent undiagnosed CKD using data from four settings in Peru: a complete risk score including all associated risk factors and another excluding laboratory-based variables. Methods Cross-sectional study. We used two population-based studies: one for developing and internal validation (CRONICAS), and another (PREVENCION) for external validation. Risk factors included clinical- and laboratory-based variables, among others: sex, age, hypertension and obesity; and lipid profile, anemia and glucose metabolism. The outcome was undiagnosed CKD: eGFR more...
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- 2017
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161. Cultural change and reading. Heading towards a new reading culture
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Antonio BERNAL GUERRERO
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Lectura ,cambio cultural ,tecnologías de la vida cotidiana ,innovación educativa ,formación del lector ,Education ,Information resources (General) ,ZA3040-5185 - Abstract
The current limitations to the reading practices can probably best be appreci- ated within the cultural changes coinciding with the step from a modern society to a post modern one. These technologies of daily life are changing the way we work, we interact and we live. The sacralisation of the book –characteristic of modernity– is to- tally lacking sense in the current audiovisual world, where millions of youngsters deci- pher rules and develop new abilities using new technological devices. Ignoring the new cultural practices simply leads to cultural misunderstandings between generations, which are causing so much harm to the scholar system. The conditions in the informa- tion societies are calling for a new context for the culture of reading, which will bring up new educational chances. more...
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- 2017
162. Disparities in dietary intake and physical activity patterns across the urbanization divide in the Peruvian Andes
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Morgan L. McCloskey, Carla E. Tarazona-Meza, Jessica C. Jones-Smith, Catherine H. Miele, Robert H. Gilman, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, J. Jaime Miranda, and William Checkley
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Nutrition transition ,24-h recall ,Urbanization ,Overweight ,Low- and middle income countries ,Chronic diseases ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Diet and activity are thought to worsen with urbanization, thereby increasing risk of obesity and chronic diseases. A better understanding of dietary and activity patterns across the urbanization divide may help identify pathways, and therefore intervention targets, leading to the epidemic of overweight seen in low- and middle-income populations. Therefore, we sought to characterize diet and activity in a population-based study of urban and rural residents in Puno, Peru. Methods We compared diet and activity in 1005 (503 urban, 502 rural) participants via a lifestyle questionnaire. We then recruited an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 50 (25 urban, 25 rural) participants to further characterize diet and activity. Among these participants, diet composition and macronutrient intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and physical activity was assessed using Omron JH-720itc pedometers. Results Among 1005 participants, we found that urban residents consumed protein-rich foods, refined grains, sugary items, and fresh produce more frequently than rural residents. Among the 50 subsample participants, urban dwellers consumed more protein (47 vs. 39 g; p = 0.05), more carbohydrates (280 vs. 220 g; p = 0.03), more sugary foods (98 vs. 48 g, p = 0.02) and had greater dietary diversity (6.4 vs 5.8; p = 0.04). Rural subsample participants consumed more added salt (3.1 vs 1.7 g, p = 0.006) and tended to consume more vegetable oil. As estimated by pedometers, urban subsample participants burned fewer calories per day (191 vs 270 kcal, p = 0.03). Conclusions Although urbanization is typically thought to increase consumption of fat, sugar and salt, our 24-h recall results were mixed and showed lower levels of obesity in rural Puno were not necessarily indicative of nutritionally-balanced diets. All subsample participants had relatively traditional lifestyles (low fat intake, limited consumption of processed foods and frequent walking) that may play a role in chronic disease outcomes in this region. more...
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- 2017
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163. FILOSOFIA E EPISTEMOLOGIA DA GEOGRAFIA: GRUPO DE TRABALHO EM DISCUSSÃO (ENANPEGE 2015)
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Antonio Bernardes, Dante Flávio da Costa Reis Junior, and Rodrigo Dutra Gomes
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Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Este artigo é uma síntese das discussões que se deram na mais recente reunião de pesquisadores e pós-graduandos brasileiros na área de Filosofia e Epistemologia da Geografia, durante a realização do ENANPEGE 2015. O texto está dividido em três partes: panorama dos estudos pautados na história do pensamento geográfico; diagnóstico sobre o estado atual das pesquisas que tratam das influências filosóficas na Geografia; e, comentário sobre os trabalhos que, tendo sido comunicados nesta última edição do Encontro, demonstraram um particular interesse pelo viés teórico-metodológico. more...
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- 2017
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164. Subjetct, Identities, and Virtual Social Network
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Antonio Bernardes, Fernanda de Faria Viana Nogueira, and Thais Dias de Souza
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place ,virtual social network ,multiple territorialities ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 - Abstract
We started from some conceptions about what the subject is in different periods of History and how they develop their respective identities to highlight those denominated as Postmodern. We emphasized the dynamics of electronically mediated relations, especially virtual social network and how they can indicate the subject and their hybrid identities and the place as a synthetic and singular locus of social and cultural dynamics of different geographic scales. The rhizome theory emerges in the discussion as an instrument for interpreting the way subjects relate and how places are developed, assuming multiple territorialities. We used three interpretation of the socio-cultural dynamics: of homosexuals (Presidente Prudente, SP); the hip-hop movement (Macaé and Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ); of youth groups tending towards to the socialization, nightlife and consumption (Campos dos Goytacazes RJ). more...
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- 2017
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165. 'Engagement' y bienestar en el profesorado universitario. Hacia la delimitación de indicadores evaluativos
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Antonio Bernal Guerrero and Macarena Donoso González
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profesión docente ,universidad ,bienestar ,engagement ,evaluación del profesor ,Education ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
La construcción de la identidad profesional docente se encuentra afectada por el marco de cambios sociales experimentados en nuestro tiempo, asociados a complejos mecanismos de des-institucionalización y de reorganización, produciéndose un considerable desgaste emocional. Hemos realizado una investigación sobre el bienestar docente vinculado al fenómeno denominado engagement, que se presenta como una vía de solución para combatir el malestar docente y promover el bienestar. Dada la escasez de estudios existentes sobre la delimitación de descriptores sustantivos para la evaluación del engagement en el docente universitario, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio exploratorio en la Universidad de Sevilla de carácter cualitativo, utilizando el método biográfico-narrativo y la técnica de la entrevista, con la finalidad de avanzar en esta línea formativa. Los resultados del estudio parecen reflejar que hay ciertos factores que inciden en el bienestar: la estabilidad institucional, las condiciones laborales, el reconocimiento social y la mejora de la formación del profesorado. Asimismo, se esboza una serie de indicadores evaluativos relacionada con el ámbito personal: disposición activa hacia el perfeccionamiento, capacidad de establecer relaciones óptimas, perseverancia, vinculación entusiasta con la profesión, y equilibrio emocional reflejado en la conciliación entre los distintos ámbitos de la vida. more...
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- 2017
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166. Smoking and heavy drinking patterns in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: the PERU MIGRANT Study
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Alvaro Taype-Rondan, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Germán F. Alvarado, Robert H. Gilman, Liam Smeeth, and J. Jaime Miranda
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Migration ,Alcohol Consumption ,Heavy Drinking ,Cigarette Consumption ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Previous studies have found mixed results about cigarette and alcohol consumption patterns among rural-to-urban migrants. Moreover, there are limited longitudinal data about consumption patterns in this population. As such, this study aimed to compare the smoking and heavy drinking prevalence among rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrants in Peru, as well as the smoking and heavy drinking incidence in a 5-year follow-up. Methods We analyzed the PERU MIGRANT Study data from rural, urban, and rural-to-urban migrant populations in Peru. The baseline study was carried out in 2006–2007 and follow-up was performed five years later. For the baseline data analysis, the prevalence of lifetime smoking, current smokers, and heavy drinking was compared by population group using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). For the longitudinal analysis, the incidence of smoking and heavy drinking was compared by population group with risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate both PRs and RRs. Results We analyzed data from 988 participants: 200 rural dwellers, 589 migrants, and 199 urban dwellers. Compared with migrants, lifetime smoking prevalence was higher in the urban group (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.64–3.20), but lower in the rural group (PR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31–0.99). Compared with migrants, the urban group had a higher current smoking prevalence (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.26–4.16), and a higher smoking incidence (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.03–7.34). Current smoking prevalence and smoking incidence showed no significant difference between rural and migrant groups. The prevalence and incidence of heavy drinking was similar across the three population groups. Conclusions Our results show a trend in lifetime smoking prevalence (urban > migrant > rural), while smoking incidence was similar between migrant and rural groups, but higher in the urban group. In addition, our results suggest that different definitions of smoking status could lead to different smoking rates and potentially different measures of association. The prevalence and incidence of heavy drinking were similar between the three population groups. more...
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- 2017
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167. The contribution of specific non-communicable diseases to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 in Peru.
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Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, James E Bennett, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Edward W Gregg, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received political attention and commitment, yet surveillance is needed to measure progress and set priorities. Building on global estimates suggesting that Peru is not on target to meet the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, we estimated the contribution of various NCDs to the change in unconditional probability of dying from NCDs in 25 regions in Peru.MethodsUsing national death registries and census data, we estimated the unconditional probability of dying between ages 30 and 69 from any and from each of the following NCDs: cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated the contribution of each NCD to the change in the unconditional probability of dying from any of these NCDs between 2006 and 2016.ResultsThe overall unconditional probability of dying improved for men (21.4%) and women (23.3%). Cancer accounted for 10.9% in men and 13.7% in women of the overall reduction; cardiovascular diseases also contributed substantially: 11.3% in men) and 9.8% in women. Consistently in men and women and across regions, diabetes moved in the opposite direction of the overall reduction in the unconditional probability of dying from any selected NCD. Diabetes contributed a rise in the unconditional probability of 3.6% in men and 2.1% in women.ConclusionsAlthough the unconditional probability of dying from any selected NCD has decreased, diabetes would prevent Peru from meeting international targets. Policies are needed to prevent diabetes and to strengthen healthcare to avoid diabetes-related complications and delay mortality. more...
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- 2020
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168. Cancer-related mortality in Peru: Trends from 2003 to 2016.
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Jessica H Zafra-Tanaka, Janeth Tenorio-Mucha, David Villarreal-Zegarra, Rodrigo Carrillo-Larco, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ObjectivesIn the last decade, Latin American (LA) countries, like Peru, have undergone an epidemiological transition that has changed the pattern of oncological cases. Given that Peru's oncological pattern could illustrate those of other LA countries, we aimed at determining trends and changes in cancer-related mortality by age and sex in Peru between 2003 and 2016.Methods and resultsA secondary data analysis using national deaths registries was conducted. Categories were created according to the 27 most frequent sites of presentation of cancer. We found that deaths attributed to cancer increased from 15.4% of all deaths in 2003 to 18.1% in 2016 (pConclusionsBetween the years 2003 and 2016, almost one fifth of deaths were attributed to cancer in Peru. Absolute and relative number of deaths due to cancer has increased in this period for both men and women; however, standardized mortality rates due to cancer have declined. more...
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- 2020
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169. Basic business knowledge scale for secondary education students. Development and validation with Spanish teenagers.
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Antonio Bernal-Guerrero, Antonio Ramón Cárdenas-Gutiérrez, and Elisabet Montoro-Fernández
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
INTRODUCTION:In the current international context, entrepreneurship education claims a privileged place within educational systems, given that it contributes decisively to innovation and to the set of competences demanded in the new knowledge-based economy. The state of the research in this line highlights the existing formative deficiencies at these basic education levels, despite the fact that numerous initiatives of fostering business culture have already been developed. Among the currently existing gaps, conspicuous by its absence is the lack of instruments capable of efficiently measure the basic business knowledge, needed to progressively constitute a consistent business identity stands out. In this sense, we set ourselves the construction and validation of a basic business knowledge scale for the Secondary Education stage. METHODS:This study was implemented in two phases. In the first phase, the dimensions and components of the Basic Business Knowledge Scale were identified via a systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA-P protocol and a qualitative study. In the second phase, the scale was developed and validated. On the one hand, a content validation was conducted through interviews of experts and students, studying the content validity (the Content Validity Ratio and the Content Validity Index) and the face validity (Think-aloud protocols). On the other hand, the construct validity was analyzed through an Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Then, the reliability was calculated with the Cronbach Alpha and the test stability with a test-retest. The convergent validity has been validated by the average variance extracted (AVE) and the discriminant validity between constructs was established through the AVE estimated for each construct with the squared interconstruct correlations associated with that factor. The sample was made up of 1440 students (679 girls and 761 boys) from age 11 to 17 (M = 14.6, SD = 1.597). RESULTS:The EFA and the CFA showed evidence of a first-order three-factor structure (Knowledge in Business Management (KBM), Legal Knowledge (LK) and Strategic Knowledge (SK)), and a second-order factor, Basic Business Knowledge. In the construct validity two items were eliminated due to their factor loadings being lower than .40. The results of the fit indices contributed acceptable values regarding the proposed model. The three subscales and the scale as a whole revealed a satisfactory internal consistency with Cronbach alphas over .75. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was above .90, showing an appropriate stability. The convergent validity offers values over .80 in the composite reliability (CR) and the average variance extracted (AVE) is greater than .50. Moreover, in the divergent validity, the values of the square root of the AVE are greater than the correlations with the other constructs. Finally, the Basic Business Knowledge Scale has 18 items. CONCLUSIONS:We find evidence concerning the validity and reliability of the Basic Business Knowledge Scale, tested with Spanish Secondary Education students within the compulsory stage of teaching. We believe that this Scale can contribute to a better understanding of the formation of indispensable basic culture to establish a genuine business spirit. more...
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- 2020
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170. Plasmatic Membrane Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Human Cardiac Progenitor/Stem Cells Might Explain Their Superior Cell Engraftment after Cell Transplantation
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Imelda Ontoria-Oviedo, Itziar Palacios, Joaquín Panadero, Belén Sánchez, Francisco García-García, Adolfo López-Cerdán, Akaitz Dorronsoro, Delia Castellano, Luis Rodríguez-Borlado, Antonio Bernad, and Pilar Sepúlveda more...
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cardiac progenitor/stem cells (CPCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapeutic treatment for myocardial infarction (MI). Previous reports suggest that lower doses of CPCs are needed to improve cardiac function relative to their bone marrow counterparts. Here, we confirmed this observations and investigated the surface protein expression profile that might explain this effect. Myocardial infarction was performed in nude rats by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Cardiac function and infarct size before and after cell transplantation were evaluated by echocardiography and morphometry, respectively. The CPC and BM-MSC receptome were analyzed by proteomic analysis of biotin-labeled surface proteins. Rats transplanted with CPCs showed a greater improvement in cardiac function after MI than those transplanted with BM-MSCs, and this was associated with a smaller infarct size. Analysis of the receptome of CPCs and BM-MSCs showed that gene ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways associated with adhesion mechanisms were upregulated in CPCs compared with BM-MSCs. Moreover, the membrane protein interactome in CPCs showed a strong relationship with biological processes related to cell adhesion whereas the BM-MSCs interactome was more related to immune regulation processes. We conclude that the stronger capacity of CPCs over BM-MSCs to engraft in the infarcted area is likely linked to a more pronounced cell adhesion expression program. more...
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- 2020
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171. Characterizing distal peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a semi-urban community setting in Peru
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Meera F Iyengar and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
# Background Distal peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a devastating complication of type 2 diabetes that is causing medical and economic burden worldwide, especially in developing nations like Peru. Hospital prevalence of DPN has been determined in Peru, but information characterizing DPN in the community is scarce. This study characterized DPN among individuals with Type 2 diabetes using a population-based survey in Peru. # Methods Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Tumbes, Peru. Participants were categorized by glycemic status measured by an oral glucose tolerance test. Neuropathic status was measured by biothesiometry. # Result A total of 1,607 participants were included, mean age 48.2 (standard deviation (SD)=0.3), and 810 (50.3%) women. A total of 176 (11.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=9.5--12.6%) persons had type 2 diabetes and 272 (17%; 95% CI=15.1--18.8%) had dysglycemia. Among those with type 2 diabetes, 105 (59.7%) were aware of their diagnosis, with 94 (89.5%) on treatment, and only 30 (28.6%) with appropriate control. DPN prevalence was 44.3% among those with type 2 diabetes and 19.8% among those with dysglycemia. In multivariable model, type 2 diabetes, but not dysglycemia, was associated with a 1.28-increased (95% CI=1.13--1.45) prevalence of DPN compared to normal controls. # Conclusions There is a high prevalence of DPN at community level. The high prevalence of DPN and high amount of undiagnosed and uncontrolled cases of type 2 diabetes demonstrate a need for earlier detection, stricter glycemic control, and improved screening, especially in resource-constrained settings like Peru. more...
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- 2019
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172. Multimorbidity at sea level and high-altitude urban and rural settings: The CRONICAS Cohort Study
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J Jaime Miranda, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Robert H Gilman, Liam Smeeth, German Malaga, Robert A Wise, and William Checkley
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Medicine - Abstract
Objective: To characterize the prevalence and clustering of multimorbidity in four diverse geographical settings in Peru. Methods: Multimorbidity, defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions, was studied in adults aged ≥35 years in four diverse settings in Peru: Lima, Tumbes, and urban and rural Puno. Six of these conditions (alcohol disorder, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, diabetes, and hypertension) were cataloged as objectively ascertained chronic conditions and paired in dyads to explore clusters of multimorbidity. Results: We analyzed data from 2890 adults, mean age 55.2 years, 49% males. Overall, 19.1% of participants had multimorbidity, ranging from 14.7% in semi-urban Tumbes to 22.8% in Lima. The dyads with the highest coexistence (approximately 20%) were observed in hypertension and diabetes in Tumbes, whereas the dyads with lowest coexistence (approximately 1%) were those involving asthma in all study sites. In terms of clusters, Tumbes showed a predominance of hypertension and diabetes, urban and rural Puno a predominance of depression and alcohol disorders, and Lima a higher degree of coexistence of all of the six conditions than in the other clusters. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is common and the pattern of clusters is highly heterogeneous. The conditions to prioritize will vary in each setting. more...
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- 2019
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173. The association between serum lipids and risk of premature mortality in Latin America: a systematic review of population-based prospective cohort studies
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Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Leonardo Albitres-Flores, Noël C. Barengo, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Dyslipidaemias ,Cholesterol ,Survival ,Latin America ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Objective To synthetize the scientific evidence on the association between serum lipids and premature mortality in Latin America (LA). Methods Five data bases were searched from inception without language restrictions: Embase, Medline, Global Health, Scopus and LILACS. Population-based studies following random sampling methods were identified. The exposure variable was lipid biomarkers (e.g., total, LDL- or HDL- cholesterol). The outcome was all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The risk of bias was assessed following the Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. Results were summarized qualitatively. Results The initial search resulted in 264 abstracts, five (N = 27,903) were included for the synthesis. Three papers reported on the same study from Puerto Rico (baseline in 1965), one was from Brazil (1996) and one from Peru (2007). All reports analysed different exposure variables and used different risk estimates (relative risks, hazard ratios or odds ratios). None of the reviewed reports showed strong association between individual lipid biomarkers and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion The available evidence is outdated, inconsistently reported on several lipid biomarker definitions and used different methods to study the long-term mortality risk. These findings strongly support the need to better ascertain the mortality risk associated with lipid biomarkers in LA. more...
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- 2019
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174. Rationale and population-based prospective cohort protocol for the disadvantaged populations at risk of decline in eGFR (CO-DEGREE)
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Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Neil Pearce, Hans Kromhout, Pablo Perel, Liam Smeeth, Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo, Jason Glaser, Kristina Jakobsson, Dorothea Nitsch, Ben Caplin, Nalika Gunawardena, Adeera Levin, Vidhya Venugopal, Marvin Gonzalez-Quiroz, Sophie Hamilton, Cristina O'Callaghan Gordo, Rajiv Saran, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Ajay Singh, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Emmanuel Burdmann, Rick Johnson, Phabdheep Kaur, Pronpimolk Kongtip, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Moffat Nyirenda, Dorairaj Prabhkaran, Narayan Prasad, and Nalika Gunawardenan more...
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction A recently recognised form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown origin (CKDu) is afflicting communities, mostly in rural areas in several regions of the world. Prevalence studies are being conducted in a number of countries, using a standardised protocol, to estimate the distribution of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and thus identify communities with a high prevalence of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this paper, we propose a standardised minimum protocol for cohort studies in high-risk communities aimed at investigating the incidence of, and risk factors for, early kidney dysfunction.Methods and analysis This generic cohort protocol provides the information to establish a prospective population-based cohort study in low-income settings with a high prevalence of CKDu. This involves a baseline survey that included key elements from the DEGREE survey (eg, using the previously published DEGREE methodology) of a population-representative sample, and subsequent follow-up visits in young adults (without a pre-existing diagnosis of CKD (eGFR more...
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- 2019
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175. Patterns of treatment and outcome with 500-mg fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: a real-life multicenter Italian experience
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Raffaella Palumbo, Federico Sottotetti, Erica Quaquarini, Anna Gambaro, Antonella Ferzi, Barbara Tagliaferri, Cristina Teragni, Luca Licata, Francesco Serra, Pietro Lapidari, and Antonio Bernardo
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background: Fulvestrant 500 mg (F500) is the most active endocrine single agent in hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Few data are available regarding the effectiveness of the drug in a real-world setting. Patients and methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study aimed to describe the patterns of treatment and performance of F500 in a large population of unselected women with MBC, focusing on potential prognostic or predictive factors for disease outcome and response. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical benefit rate. Results: From January 2011 to December 2015, 490 consecutive patients treated with F500 were enrolled. Overall, three different cohorts were identified and analyzed: the first received F500 after progression from previous chemotherapy (CT) or endocrine therapy; the second received the drug for de novo metastatic disease; and the third was treated as maintenance following disease stabilization or a response from a previous CT line. Median overall survival (OS) in the whole population was 26.8 months, ranging from 32.4 in first line to 22.0 and 13.7 months in second line and subsequent lines, respectively. Both the presence of liver metastasis and the treatment line were significantly associated with a worse PFS, while only the presence of liver metastasis maintained its predictive role for OS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The effectiveness of F500 was detected in patients treated both upon disease progression and as maintenance. The relevant endocrine sensitivity of 80% of patients included in the study could probably explain the good results observed in terms of outcome. more...
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- 2019
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176. Age-related oxidative stress confines damage-responsive Bmi1+ cells to perivascular regions in the murine adult heart
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Diego Herrero, Susana Cañón, Guillermo Albericio, Rosa María Carmona, Susana Aguilar, Santos Mañes, and Antonio Bernad
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Adult progenitor cells reside in specialized microenvironments which maintain their undifferentiated cell state and trigger regenerative responses following injury. Although these environments are well described in several tissues, the cellular components that comprise the cardiac environment where progenitor cells are located remain unknown. Here we use Bmi1CreERT and Bmi1GFP mice as genetic tools to trace cardiac damage-responsive cells throughout the mouse lifespan. In adolescent mice, Bmi1+ damage-responsive cells are broadly distributed throughout the myocardium. In adult mice, however, Bmi1+ cells are confined predominately in perivascular areas with low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their number decline in an age-dependent manner. In vitro co-culture experiments with endothelial cells supported a regulatory role of the endothelium in damage-responsive cell behavior. Accordingly, in vivo genetic decrease of ROS levels in adult heart disengaged Bmi1+ cells from the cardiovascular network, recapitulating an adolescent-like Bmi1 expression profile. Thus, we identify cardiac perivascular regions as low-stress microenvironments that favor the maintenance of adult damage-responsive cells. Keywords: Bmi1, Damage-responsive cell, Vasculature, Oxidative damage, Reactive oxygen species more...
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- 2019
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177. Propiedades del suelo y nitrógeno como indicadores del crecimiento en plantaciones comerciales de teca
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Eduardo Salcedo Pérez, Bayron Alexander Ruiz Blandon, Efrén Hernández Álvarez, Ricardo González Cruz, Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, Eulogio Orozco-Guareño, César Bonifacio Ramírez-López, José Anzaldo Hernández, and Ezequiel Delgado-Fornué more...
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Crecimiento ,incremento medio anual ,nitrógeno ,propiedades del suelo ,Tectona grandis L.f. ,volumen ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
La teca es una especie importante en los mercados forestales, debido al valor de su madera, lo cual en México ha incrementado el interés de establecer plantaciones. Sin embargo, la influencia de las propiedades del suelo y nitrógeno bajo esas condiciones han sido poco evaluadas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue medir la calidad del suelo en plantaciones comerciales de teca en Nayarit, México. Antes de plantar (30 días), se aplicaron fertilizantes 50 – 120 - 75 (NPK), 3 t ha-1 de hidróxido de Ca, 250 kg ha-1 de fosfato diamónico, 63 kg ha-1 de cloruro de potasio y 75 kg ha-1 de sulfato de potasio. A la edad de 6 años, se midieron el diámetro, altura, área basal y se calculó el volumen, con el propósito de contrastar el crecimiento y productividad entre plantaciones. En muestras de suelo, se determinó la textura, densidad aparente (Da), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), materia orgánica (MO) y relación C/N para conocer la mineralización de la MO, así como el nitrógeno en la biomasa. El ANOVA y prueba de Tukey demostraron que los suelos con pH > 6 < 7, CIC > 30 cmol(+) kg-1, MO > 2.5 % y relación C/N > 15 de 0 – 10 cm, se asociaron a la plantación de mejor productividad, así como la mayor concentración de nitrógeno en hojas. Se concluye que en México, el éxito en la productividad de plantaciones con especies exóticas dependerá, esencialmente, de las propiedades del suelo. more...
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- 2019
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178. The effect of individual and mixed rewards on diabetes management: A feasibility randomized controlled trial [version 3; referees: 2 approved]
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J. Jaime Miranda, María Lazo-Porras, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, M. Amalia Pesantes, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Socorro del Pilar Cornejo, and Antonio J. Trujillo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: Incentives play a role in introducing health-related benefits, but no interventions using mixed incentives, i.e. a combination of individual and group incentives, have been tested in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the feasibility of implementing individual- and mixed-incentives, with and without a supportive partner, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control and weight loss among patients with T2DM. Methods: This is a feasibility, sex-stratified, single-blinded, randomized controlled study in individuals with T2DM. All participants received diabetes education and tailored goal setting for weight and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Participants were randomly assigned into three arms: individual incentives (Arm 1), mixed incentives-altruism (Arm 2), and mixed incentives-cooperation (Arm 3). Participants were accompanied by a diabetes educator every other week to monitor targets, and the intervention period lasted 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c at 3 months from baseline. Weight and change body mass index (BMI) were considered as secondary outcomes. Results: Out of 783 patients screened, a total of 54 participants, 18 per study arm, were enrolled and 44 (82%) completed the 3-month follow-up. Mean baseline HbA1c values were 8.5%, 7.9% and 8.2% in Arm 1, Arm 2, and Arm 3, respectively. At 3 months, participants in all three study arms showed reductions in HbA1c ranging from -0.9% in Arm 2 to -1.4% in Arm 1. Weight and BMI also showed reductions. Conclusions: Individual and mixed cash incentives show important reductions in HbA1c, weight and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 3 months. Recruitment and uptake of the intervention were successfully accomplished demonstrating feasibility to conduct larger effectiveness studies to test individual and mixed economic incentives for diabetes management. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02891382 more...
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- 2019
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179. Thermodynamic Analysis of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Reservoirs in Abandoned Mines Using Different Sealing Layers
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Laura Álvarez de Prado, Javier Menéndez, Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez, Mónica Galdo, Jorge Loredo, and Jesús Manuel Fernández-Oro
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abandoned mines ,underground reservoirs ,energy storage ,renewable energy ,CAES ,analytical modelling ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Million cubic meters from abandoned mines worldwide could be used as subsurface reservoirs for large scale energy storage systems, such as adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES). In this paper, analytical and three-dimensional CFD numerical models have been conducted to analyze the thermodynamic performance of the A-CAES reservoirs in abandoned mines during air charging and discharging processes. Unlike other research works, in which the heat transfer coefficient is considered constant during the operation time, in the present investigation a correlation based on both unsteady Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers is employed for the heat transfer coefficient in this type of application. A tunnel with a 35 cm thick concrete lining, 200 m3 of useful volume and typical operating pressures from 5 to 8 MPa were considered. Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) and steel were employed as sealing layers in the simulations around the fluid. Finally, the model also considers a 2.5 m thick sandstone rock mass around the concrete lining. The results obtained show significant heat flux between the pressurized air and the sealing layer and between the sealing layer and concrete lining. However, no temperature fluctuation was observed in the rock mass. The air temperature fluctuations are reduced when steel sealing layer is employed. The thermal energy balance through the sealing layer for 30 cycles, considering air mass flow rates of 0.22 kg s−1 (charge) and −0.45 kg s−1 (discharge), reached 1056 and 907 kWh for FRP and steel, respectively. In general, good agreements between analytical and numerical simulations were obtained. more...
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- 2021
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180. Establishment of a Cell Suspension Culture of Eysenhardtia platycarpa: Phytochemical Screening of Extracts and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity
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Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, Alejandro Sánchez-Sánchez, Antonio Romero-Estrada, Juan Carlos Meza-Contreras, José Antonio Silva-Guzmán, Francisco Javier Fuentes-Talavera, Israel Hurtado-Díaz, Laura Alvarez, and Francisco Cruz-Sosa more...
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plant in vitro culture ,plant extracts ,gas chromatography ,hexadecanoic acid ,antifungal activity ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Eysenhardtia platycarpa (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Mexico. Biotechnological studies of its use are lacking. The objective of this work was to establish a cell suspension culture (CSC) of E. platycarpa, determine the phytochemical constituents by spectrophotometric and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) methods, evaluate its antifungal activity, and compare them with the intact plant. Friable callus and CSC were established with 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The highest total phenolics of CSC was 15.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight and the total flavonoids content ranged from 56.2 to 104.1 µg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weight. The GC‒MS analysis showed that the dichloromethane extracts of CSC, sapwood, and heartwood have a high amount of hexadecanoic acid (22.3–35.3%) and steroids (13.5–14.7%). Heartwood and sapwood defatted hexane extracts have the highest amount of stigmasterol (~23.4%) and β-sitosterol (~43%), and leaf extracts presented β-amyrin (16.3%). Methanolic leaf extracts showed mostly sugars and some polyols, mainly D-pinitol (74.3%). Compared with the intact plant, dichloromethane and fatty hexane extracts of CSC exhibited percentages of inhibition higher for Sclerotium cepivorum: 71.5% and 62.0%, respectively. The maximum inhibition for Rhizoctonia solani was with fatty hexane extracts of the sapwood (51.4%). Our study suggests that CSC extracts could be used as a possible complementary alternative to synthetic fungicides. more...
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- 2021
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181. EVALUACIÓN DEL POTENCIAL EMPRENDEDOR EN ESCOLARES. UNA INVESTIGACIÓN LONGITUDINAL
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Antonio Bernal Guerrero and Antonio Ramón Cárdenas Gutiérrez
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Education - Abstract
La implantación curricular de la educación emprendedora en la escuela se ha ido produciendo paulatinamente. Algunos programas representan este interés por el fomento de la cultura emprendedora, como EME, EJE e ÍCARO. El éxito de esta educación depende de factores personales, además de ciertos factores externos, que conforman el potencial emprendedor de un sujeto. Nuestra investigación pretende describir el efecto en el potencial emprendedor de un proyecto compuesto por los tres programas menciona - dos, tratando de comprender los procesos implicados desde la perspectiva del profesorado participante. Realizamos un estudio de casos ex post-facto mediante una investigación descriptivo-longitudinal. El diseño es mixto y ex - ploratorio, siendo el método primario el cualitativo, y secundario el cuanti - tativo. Los resultados de la técnica cuantitativa se emplean como input para potenciar la técnica cualitativa. Alumnos y profesores han sido seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Cuantitativamente, el instrumento utiliza - do ha sido el Test ATE; y, en la dimensión cualitativa, hemos empleado las entrevistas en profundidad. Para evaluar el efecto del proyecto, empleamos un análisis de la varianza mediante un diseño factorial 2 x 2 con medidas repetidas. Los datos recabados se analizaron mediante un ANOVA mixto a través del programa estadístico SPSS versión 2.0. Para tratar la información obtenida mediante las entrevistas, realizamos un análisis semiótico y narra - tivo. El efecto de los programas en el potencial emprendedor se ha mostrado prácticamente nulo. La frecuencia participativa tampoco ha tenido un efecto apreciable. El análisis y discusión de la información obtenida parece indicar que la implementación de los programas debe realizarse de modo que se incluyan pertinente y satisfactoriamente los factores personales relativos al desarrollo del potencial emprendedor. more...
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- 2017
182. Factors associated with consumption of fruits and vegetables among Community Kitchens customers in Lima, Peru
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Flavia A. Díaz-Garcés, Iván Vargas-Matos, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, MD, MPH, Francisco Diez-Canseco, BA, MPH, Antonio J. Trujillo, PhD, and J. Jaime Miranda, MD, PhD
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Medicine - Abstract
Community Kitchens (CKs) are one of the main food providers to low-income families in Peru and may encourage healthier diets. We aimed to determine the prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption and associated sociodemographic and behavioral factors among CKs customers. A cross-sectional study enrolling customers of 48 CKs in two areas of Lima, Peru, was performed. The self-reported amount of fruits and vegetables consumed ( more...
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- 2016
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183. Evaluation of cognitive impairment in elderly population with hypertension from a low-resource setting: Agreement and bias between screening tools
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María Lazo-Porras, María A. Pesantes, J. Jaime Miranda, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Introduction: The evaluation of cognitive impairment in adulthood merits attention in societies in transition and especially in people with chronic diseases. Screening tools available for clinical practice and epidemiological studies have been designed in high-income but not in resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement and bias of three common tools used for screening of cognitive impairment in people with hypertension: the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Leganés Cognitive Test (LCT). Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling participants with hypertension from a semi-urban area in Peru was performed. The three screening tools for cognitive impairment were applied on three consecutive days. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was calculated for each test. Pearson's correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement and bias between screening tools. Results: We evaluated 139 participants, mean age 76.5 years (SD ± 6.9), 56.1% females. Cognitive impairment was found in 28.1% of individuals using LCT, 63.3% using MMSE, and 100% using MoCA. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.501 between LCT and MoCA, to 0.698 between MMSE and MoCA. Bland-Altman plots confirmed bias between screening tests. The agreement between MMSE and LCT was 60.4%, between MMSE and MoCA was 63.3%, and between MoCA and LCT was 28.1%. Conclusions: Three of the most commonly used screening tests to evaluate cognitive impairment showed major discrepancies in a resource-constrained setting, signaling towards a sorely need to develop and validate appropriate tools. Keywords: Cognitive impairment, Hypertension, Minimental state examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, Leganés cognitive test more...
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- 2016
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184. Identification and Characterization of the Dermal Panniculus Carnosus Muscle Stem Cells
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Neia Naldaiz-Gastesi, María Goicoechea, Sonia Alonso-Martín, Ana Aiastui, Macarena López-Mayorga, Paula García-Belda, Jaione Lacalle, Carlos San José, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Lidwine Trouilh, Véronique Anton-Leberre, Diego Herrero, Ander Matheu, Antonio Bernad, José Manuel García-Verdugo, Jaime J. Carvajal, Frédéric Relaix, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Patricia García-Parra, and Ander Izeta more...
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The dermal Panniculus carnosus (PC) muscle is important for wound contraction in lower mammals and represents an interesting model of muscle regeneration due to its high cell turnover. The resident satellite cells (the bona fide muscle stem cells) remain poorly characterized. Here we analyzed PC satellite cells with regard to developmental origin and purported function. Lineage tracing shows that they originate in Myf5+, Pax3/Pax7+ cell populations. Skin and muscle wounding increased PC myofiber turnover, with the satellite cell progeny being involved in muscle regeneration but with no detectable contribution to the wound-bed myofibroblasts. Since hematopoietic stem cells fuse to PC myofibers in the absence of injury, we also studied the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the PC satellite cell compartment, demonstrating that cells of donor origin are capable of repopulating the PC muscle stem cell niche after irradiation and bone marrow transplantation but may not fully acquire the relevant myogenic commitment. more...
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- 2016
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185. Predicting Benzene Concentration Using Machine Learning and Time Series Algorithms
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Luis Alfonso Menéndez García, Fernando Sánchez Lasheras, Paulino José García Nieto, Laura Álvarez de Prado, and Antonio Bernardo Sánchez
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benzene ,forecasting ,air pollutant ,multivariate adaptive regression splines (MLR) ,multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) ,multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Benzene is a pollutant which is very harmful to our health, so models are necessary to predict its concentration and relationship with other air pollutants. The data collected by eight stations in Madrid (Spain) over nine years were analyzed using the following regression-based machine learning models: multivariate linear regression (MLR), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), support vector machines (SVM), autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) and vector autoregressive moving-average (VARMA) models. Benzene concentration predictions were made from the concentration of four environmental pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM10) and toluene (C7H8), and the performance measures of the model were studied from the proposed models. In general, regression-based machine learning models are more effective at predicting than time series models. more...
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- 2020
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186. Determination and Fire Analysis of Gob Characteristics Using CFD
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Florencio Fernández-Alaiz, Ana Maria Castañón, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez, and Marc Bascompta
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CFD ,FDS ,coal fire ,fire behavior ,coal seam ,Technology - Abstract
A laboratory-scale analysis using coal from an underground mine was carried out, emulating a mixture from the gob area in an actual mine, consisting of waste, coal, and free space for the flow of air. Experimental tests and computational fluid dynamics modelling were done to define and verify the behavior of the collapsed region in a time-dependent analysis. In addition, the characteristics of coal were defined, regarding the self-combustion, combustion rate, and pollutants generated in each stage of the fire. The results achieved are useful for determining the behavior of the collapsed area in full-scale conditions and to provide valuable information to study different scenarios of a potential fire in a real sublevel coal mine regarding how the heat is spread in the gob and how pollutants are generated. more...
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- 2020
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187. Establishment of a Cell Suspension Culture of Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) for the Improved Production of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds
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Mariana Sánchez-Ramos, Laura Alvarez, Antonio Romero-Estrada, Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, Silvia Marquina-Bahena, and Francisco Cruz-Sosa
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cell suspension culture ,anti-inflammatory activity ,phytochemical analysis ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat multiple ailments. However, there have not been biotechnological studies on producing compounds in in vitro cultures. The aim of this study was to establish a cell suspension culture of A. pichinchensis, quantify the anti-inflammatory constituents 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (2) and 3-epilupeol (3), evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of its extracts, and perform a phytochemical analysis. Cell suspension cultures were established in a MS culture medium of 30-g L−1 sucrose, 1.0-mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 0.1-mg L−1 6-furfurylaminopurine. The ethyl acetate extract of the cell culture analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) revealed that the maximum production of anti-inflammatory compounds 2 and 3 occurs on days eight and 16, respectively, improving the time and previously reported yields in callus cultures. The anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts exhibited a significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, a phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from day 20 led to the identification of 17 known compounds. The structures of the compounds were assigned by an analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and the remainder by GC–MS. This is the first report of the production of (-)-Artemesinol, (-)-Artemesinol glucoside, encecalin, and 3,5-diprenyl-acetophenone by a cell suspension culture of A. pichinchensis. more...
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- 2020
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188. Origin and Biodegradation of Crude Oils from the Northernmost Fields in the Bolivar Coastal Complex (Zulia State, Venezuela)
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Marcos Escobar, Gonzalo Márquez, Blanca Guerrero, Patricia Marín, Carlos Boente, Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez, Emilio Romero, and Albert Permanyer
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mixed oils ,source facies ,QEDA analysis ,biodegradation scales ,Bolivar Coastal Complex ,Technology - Abstract
The organic geochemical features of 30 sampled oils from the northern Bolivar Coastal Complex (Lake Maracaibo Basin, NW Venezuela) were examined by combining carbon isotope, classical biomarker, and extended diamondoid analyses to clarify source facies and to assess the thermal maturity and extent of biodegradation of the oils analyzed. In this work, oils are understood as a mixture of two episodes of petroleum generation from the La Luna Formation: a paleobiodegraded oil pulse during Paleogene times and a late pulse having a higher maturity in the post-Oligocene. For the oil samples analyzed, results revealed a mixing composed of different proportions of almost a terrestrially derived siliciclastic-sourced and a purely marine carbonate-sourced oil pulse. Moreover, two main groups of oils were identified by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. Finally, inter- and intrafield variations in the extent of biodegradation were also assessed using two classification schemes (Peters and Moldowan, and Manco scales). more...
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- 2020
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189. Empirical Analysis and Geomechanical Modelling of an Underground Water Reservoir for Hydroelectric Power Plants
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Javier Menéndez, Falko Schmidt, Heinz Konietzky, Antonio Bernardo Sánchez, and Jorge Loredo
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mining structures ,underground reservoir ,empirical analysis ,numerical modelling ,energy storage ,hydropower plants ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The European Union policy of encouraging renewable energy sources and a sustainable and safe low-carbon economy requires flexible energy storage systems (FESSs), such as pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) systems. Energy storage systems are the key to facilitate a high penetration of the renewable energy sources in the electrical grids. Disused mining structures in closed underground coal mines in NW Spain have been selected as a case study to analyze the construction of underground pumped-storage hydropower (UPSH) plants. Mine water, depth and subsurface space in closured coal mines may be used for the construction of FESSs with reduced environmental impacts. This paper analyzes the stability of a network of tunnels used as a lower water reservoir at 450 m depth in sandstone and shale formations. Empirical methods based on rock mass classification systems are employed to preliminarily design the support systems and to determinate the rock mass properties. In addition, 3D numerical modelling has been conducted in order to verify the stability of the underground excavations. The deformations and thickness of the excavation damage zones (EDZs) around the excavations have been evaluated in the simulations without considering a support system and considering systematic grouted rock bolts and a layer of reinforced shotcrete as support system. The results obtained show that the excavation of the network of tunnels is technically feasible with the support system that has been designed. more...
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- 2020
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190. Analysis of the Fire Propagation in a Sublevel Coal Mine
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Florencio Fernánez-Alaiz, Ana Maria Castañón, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez, and Marc Bascompta
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underground mine ,coal mine ,gob fire ,fire dynamics simulator ,FDS ,computational fluid dynamic ,Technology - Abstract
A fire has been analyzed in a real underground coal mine, using a sublevel method, during an entire year. The study was focused on the collapsed area, reproducing a real mixture formed by coal, waste, and air gap. The analysis was done by means of an experimental analysis, a computational fuid dynamic model (CFD), and simulations using a mine ventilation software. Three scenarios were determined and studied regarding their influence on the evolution of the fire: (a) development of the fire without taking any action, (b) sealing off the affected areas, and (c) sealing and reducing the ventilation in the affected area and surrounding drifts. The study revealed the behavior of the fire in a real mine and the effectiveness of the main fire-fighting measures over time, verifying that none of the measures taken could eliminate the fire-induced in the collapsed area. more...
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- 2020
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191. A Hybrid Predictive Approach for Chromium Layer Thickness in the Hard Chromium Plating Process Based on the Differential Evolution/Gradient Boosted Regression Tree Methodology
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Paulino José Garcia Nieto, Esperanza García Gonzalo, Fernando Sanchez Lasheras, and Antonio Bernardo Sánchez
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gradient boosted regression tree (GBRT) ,differential evolution (DE) ,machine learning ,statistical regression ,hard chromium plating process ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
The purpose of the industrial process of chromium plating is the creation of a hard and wear-resistant layer of chromium over a metallic surface. One of the main properties of chromium plating is its resistance to both wear and corrosion. This research presents an innovative nonparametric machine learning approach that makes use of a hybrid gradient boosted regression tree (GBRT) methodology for hard chromium layer thickness prediction. GBRT is a non-parametric statistical learning technique that produces a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models. The motivation for boosting is a procedure that combines the output of many weak classifiers to produce a powerful committee. In this study, the GBRT hyperparameters were optimized with the help of differential evolution (DE). DE is an optimization technique within evolutionary computing. The results found that this model was able to predict the thickness of the chromium layer formed in this industrial process with a determination coefficient equal to 0.9842 and a root-mean-square error value of 0.01590. The two most important variables of the model were the time of the hard-chromium process and the thickness of the layer removed by electropolishing. Thus, these results provide a foundation for an accurate predictive model of hard chromium layer thickness. The derived model also allowed the ranking of the importance of the independent input variables that were examined. Finally, the high performance and simplicity of the model make the DE/GBRT method attractive compared to conventional forecasting techniques. more...
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- 2020
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192. Nivolumab Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: Unusual Clinical Presentation and Challenging Diagnosis
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Carmine Iadarola, Laura Croce, Erica Quaquarini, Cristina Teragni, Sara Pinto, Antonio Bernardo, Rodolfo Fonte, Michele Marinò, Mario Rotondi, and Luca Chiovato
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thyroid ,graves' disease ,nivolumab ,immune checkpoint inhibitors ,PD-1 ,autoimmune ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had a great impact in cancer therapy. ICIs display a peculiar toxicity profile, which is characterized by autoimmune-like manifestations against multiple organs, including endocrine glands. We hereby report the case history of two patients who experienced nivolumab-induced endocrine immuno-related adverse events (irAEs). Thyroid dysfunction in both patients presented with a low serum level of TSH. However, endocrine evaluation showed a completely different etiology and clinical evolution. The two patients' histories indicate that nivolumab can cause a large spectrum of thyroid and endocrine dysfunctions resulting in cumbersome diagnostic problems. In these peculiar patients the evaluation of endocrine experts is warranted. more...
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- 2019
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193. Valid group comparisons can be made with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A measurement invariance study across groups by demographic characteristics.
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David Villarreal-Zegarra, Anthony Copez-Lonzoy, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, G J Melendez-Torres, and Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
OBJECTIVE:Analyze the measurement invariance and the factor structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in the Peruvian population. METHOD:Secondary data analysis performed using cross-sectional data from the Health Questionnaire of the Demographic and Health Survey in Peru. Variables of interest were the PHQ-9 and demographic characteristics (sex, age group, level of education, socioeconomic status, marital status, and area of residence). Factor structure was evaluated by standard confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and measurement invariance by multi-group CFA, using standard goodness-of-fit indices criteria for interpreting results from both CFAs. Analysis of the internal consistency (α and ω) was also pursued. RESULTS:Data from 30,449 study participants were analyzed, 56.7% were women, average age was 40.5 years (standard deviation (SD) = 16.3), 65.9% lived in urban areas, 74.6% were married, and had 9 years of education on average (SD = 4.6). From standard CFA, a one-dimensional model presented the best fit (CFI = 0.936; RMSEA = 0.089; SRMR = 0.039). From multi-group CFA, all progressively restricted models had ΔCFI more...
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- 2019
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194. Calidad de vida en pacientes con neuropatía diabética periférica: estudio transversal en Lima, Perú
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Leila Oliveros-Lijap, Pamela Avila-Espinoza, Viviana Ulloa, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Medicine - Abstract
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de neuropatía periférica y calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal que enroló pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de 18 años a más en un hospital peruano de nivel terciario. La variable resultado fue calidad de vida, evaluada en las esferas física y mental usando el cuestionario 36-item Short Form (SF-36). El diagnóstico de neuropatía periférica fue dado por al menos una de las siguientes: prueba del monofilamento Semmes-Weinstein, prueba del diapasón 128 Hz, úlceras visibles en pie y/o artropatía de Charcot. La asociación de interés se verificó mediante regresión lineal. Resultados: Se incluyeron 330 pacientes, 56,6% mujeres, edad media: 61,3 (±11,5) años. La prevalencia de neuropatía periférica fue de 44,2% (IC95%: 38,8%–49,6%). De acuerdo a la esfera física del SF-36, la calidad de vida media fue de 46,8 (±6,3) puntos; mientras, la media de la calidad de vida en la esfera mental fue de 39,5 (±8,2) puntos. En modelo multivariable, la neuropatía periférica estuvo asociada a una reducción de dos puntos (β = -2,06; IC95%: -3,52; -0,60) en la calidad de vida en la esfera física, pero no afectó la calidad de vida en la esfera mental (β = 0,03; IC95%: -1,79; 1,85). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la presencia de neuropatía diabética periférica y calidad de vida en la esfera física, pero no en la esfera mental. Casi la mitad de los pacientes con diabetes presentaron neuropatía periférica. more...
- Published
- 2019
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195. Relación entre el contenido nutricional y el número de técnicas promocionales presentes en los envases de alimentos industrializados dirigidos a niños en mercados y supermercados de Lima, Perú
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Stefany Trujillo-Espino, Leyla Castilla-Minaya, Jacqueline Paredes-Aramburú, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Subjects
Alimentos ,Publicidad Directa al Consumidor ,Etiquetado de Alimentos ,Niño. ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Introducción: Determinar si existe relación entre el contenido nutricional y el número de técnicas promocionales en los envases de alimentos industrializados para niños, disponible en mercados y supermercados de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico usando muestreo por conveniencia. Se recolectaron alimentos industrializados (bebidas no alcohólicas, productos de pastelería, cereales, golosinas y bocaditos) de tres supermercados y dos mercados de Lima (Perú), entre Mayo y Junio del 2016. El contenido nutricional se clasificó según el Sistema de Semáforos de la Food Standards Agency (FSA) y la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), mientras, las técnicas promocionales se evaluaron según el sistema de la Consumers International. Para evaluar las asociaciones de interés se usaron modelos de regresión lineal simple y Poisson. Resultados: Se incluyeron 346 alimentos: 113 (32,7%) golosinas, 92 (26,6%) productos de pastelería, 54 (15,6%) bebidas no alcohólicas, 52 (15,0%) cereales, y 35 (10,1%) bocaditos. De 335 alimentos con información completa, 96,7% fueron no saludables. Los alimentos usaban en promedio 2,9 (DE: 1,2) técnicas promocionales. El uso de gráficas audaces (p more...
- Published
- 2018
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196. An investigation of Y chromosome incorporations in 400 species of Drosophila and related genera.
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Eduardo G Dupim, Gabriel Goldstein, Thyago Vanderlinde, Suzana C Vaz, Flávia Krsticevic, Aline Bastos, Thadeo Pinhão, Marcos Torres, Jean R David, Carlos R Vilela, and Antonio Bernardo Carvalho
- Subjects
Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Y chromosomes are widely believed to evolve from a normal autosome through a process of massive gene loss (with preservation of some male genes), shaped by sex-antagonistic selection and complemented by occasional gains of male-related genes. The net result of these processes is a male-specialized chromosome. This might be expected to be an irreversible process, but it was found in 2005 that the Drosophila pseudoobscura Y chromosome was incorporated into an autosome. Y chromosome incorporations have important consequences: a formerly male-restricted chromosome reverts to autosomal inheritance, and the species may shift from an XY/XX to X0/XX sex-chromosome system. In order to assess the frequency and causes of this phenomenon we searched for Y chromosome incorporations in 400 species from Drosophila and related genera. We found one additional large scale event of Y chromosome incorporation, affecting the whole montium subgroup (40 species in our sample); overall 13% of the sampled species (52/400) have Y incorporations. While previous data indicated that after the Y incorporation the ancestral Y disappeared as a free chromosome, the much larger data set analyzed here indicates that a copy of the Y survived as a free chromosome both in montium and pseudoobscura species, and that the current Y of the pseudoobscura lineage results from a fusion between this free Y and the neoY. The 400 species sample also showed that the previously suggested causal connection between X-autosome fusions and Y incorporations is, at best, weak: the new case of Y incorporation (montium) does not have X-autosome fusion, whereas nine independent cases of X-autosome fusions were not followed by Y incorporations. Y incorporation is an underappreciated mechanism affecting Y chromosome evolution; our results show that at least in Drosophila it plays a relevant role and highlight the need of similar studies in other groups. more...
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- 2018
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197. Intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault and its association with alcohol consumption
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Rubén Valle, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, Juan Antonio Gálvez-Buccollini, César Gutiérrez, and Silvia S Martins
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Exposure to Violence ,Child Abuse, Sexual ,Domestic Violence ,Risk Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Alcohol Drinking ,Health Vulnerability ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assault in adolescents of Peru and its association with alcohol consumption. METHODS We used a two-step and stratified probabilistic sampling to select male and female students in secondary education from all over Peru. The study included data from 54,756 students with information on demographics, alcohol and drug use, and sexual assault. The statistical analysis considered the complex sampling and we conducted two independent analyses by type of sexual assault (intrafamilial and extrafamilial), stratified by the sex of the victim. RESULTS The prevalence of life of intrafamilial sexual assaults (5.4%, 95%CI 5.0–5.8) was similar to that of extrafamilial sexual assaults (6.1%, 95%CI 5.6–6.6). Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults that occurred in the same period after adjusting for confounders. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with non-physical and physical forms of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual assaults in the disaggregated analysis by type of assault. Alcohol consumption in the past year was associated with extrafamilial rape only among females (ORa = 2.8; 95%CI 1.3–5.9). CONCLUSIONS Sexual assault against adolescent males and females by family members is a frequent form of victimization that is associated with alcohol consumption in Peru. It is important to examine this form of victimization among adolescents, especially those who consume alcohol. more...
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- 2018
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198. The effect of individual and mixed rewards on diabetes management: A feasibility randomized controlled trial [version 2; referees: 2 approved]
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J. Jaime Miranda, María Lazo-Porras, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, M. Amalia Pesantes, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Socorro del Pilar Cornejo, and Antonio J. Trujillo
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: Incentives play a role in introducing health-related benefits, but no interventions using mixed incentives, i.e. a combination of individual and group incentives, have been tested in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the feasibility of implementing individual- and mixed-incentives, with and without a supportive partner, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control and weight loss among patients with T2DM. Methods: This is a feasibility, sex-stratified, single-blinded, randomized controlled study in individuals with T2DM. All participants received diabetes education and tailored goal setting for weight and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Participants were randomly assigned into three arms: individual incentives (Arm 1), mixed incentives-altruism (Arm 2), and mixed incentives-cooperation (Arm 3). Participants were accompanied by a diabetes educator every other week to monitor targets, and the intervention period lasted 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c at 3 months from baseline. Weight and change body mass index (BMI) were considered as secondary outcomes. Results: Out of 783 patients screened, a total of 54 participants, 18 per study arm, were enrolled and 44 (82%) completed the 3-month follow-up. Mean baseline HbA1c values were 8.5%, 7.9% and 8.2% in Arm 1, Arm 2, and Arm 3, respectively. At 3 months, participants in all three study arms showed reductions in HbA1c ranging from -0.9% in Arm 2 to -1.4% in Arm 1. Weight and BMI also showed reductions. Conclusions: Individual and mixed cash incentives show important reductions in HbA1c, weight and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 3 months. Recruitment and uptake of the intervention were successfully accomplished demonstrating feasibility to conduct larger effectiveness studies to test individual and mixed economic incentives for diabetes management. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02891382 more...
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- 2018
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199. A divergence between underlying and final causes of death in selected conditions: an analysis of death registries in Peru
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Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Subjects
Cause of death ,Mortality ,Cardiovascular diseases ,Non-communicable diseases ,Communicable diseases ,Peru ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background The underlying cause of death is used to study country and global mortality trends and profiles. The final cause of death could also inform the ultimately cause of death in individuals with underlying conditions. Whether there is a pattern between the underlying and final cause of death has not been explored using national death registries. We studied what final causes of death were most common among selected underlying causes using national death registries in Peru, 2015. Methods Underlying and final causes of death were classified according to their ICD-10 codes. Underlying causes included chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and selected cancers (cervix, breast, stomach, prostate, and lung). Final causes were categorized as: communicable, cardiovascular, and cancers. Descriptive statistics were used. Results A total of 77,065 death registries were analyzed; cases had a mean age of 69.4 (SD: 19.3) years at death and were mostly men (53.9%). When the underlying cause was HTN, the most frequent final cause was cardiovascular diseases (82.3%). For all the other underlying causes, the most frequent final cause was communicable diseases: COPD (86.4%), CKD (79.3%), cancer (76.5%), and diabetes (68.3%). Conclusions In four selected underlying causes of death there was a divergence with respect to the final cause, suggesting there was a shift from non-communicable to communicable causes. Although efforts should be deployed to prevent underlying non-communicable diseases, potential communicable complications should not be neglected. more...
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- 2018
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200. A descriptive study of potential participant preferences for the design of an incentivised weight loss programme for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a public hospital in Lima, Peru [version 2; referees: 2 approved]
- Author
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Harold Akehurst, M. Amalia Pesantes, S. del Pilar Cornejo, Katty Manrique, Maria Lazo-Porras, Jill Portocarrero, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio J. Trujillo, and J. Jaime Miranda more...
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background: Weight loss is important for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus but is difficult to achieve and sustain. Programmes employing financial incentives have been successful in areas such as smoking cessation. However, the optimum design for an incentivised programme for weight loss is undetermined, and may depend on social, cultural and demographic factors. Methods: An original questionnaire was designed whose items addressed respondent personal and health characteristics, and preferences for a hypothetical incentivised weight loss programme. One hundred people with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited to complete the questionnaire from the endocrinology clinic of a public hospital in Lima, Peru. A descriptive analysis of responses was performed. Results: Ninety-five percent of subjects who had previously attempted to lose weight had found this either 'difficult' or 'very difficult'. Eighty-five percent of subjects would participate in an incentivised weight loss programme. Median suggested incentive for 1 kg weight loss every 2 weeks over 9 months was PEN 100 (~USD $30). Cash was preferred by 70% as payment method. Only 56% of subjects would participate in a deposit-contract scheme, and the median suggested deposit amount was PEN 20 (~USD $6). Eighty percent of subjects would share the incentive with a helper, and family members were the most common choice of helper. Conclusions: The challenge of achieving and sustaining weight loss is confirmed in this setting. Direct cash payments of PEN 100 were generally preferred, with substantial scope for involving a co-participant with whom the incentive could be shared. Employing direct financial incentives in future weight loss programmes appears to be widely acceptable among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. more...
- Published
- 2018
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