365 results on '"Aparna Banerjee"'
Search Results
152. Do SARS-CoV2 viral proteins have neuromodulatory properties?
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P. Sarat Chandra, Manjari Tripathi, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, and Aparna Banerjee Dixit
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,COVID-19 ,Virology ,Viral Proteins ,Neurology ,Humans ,RNA, Viral ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Published
- 2020
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153. Integrated Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and RNAseq Analysis of Hippocampal Specimens Identifies Potential Candidate Genes and Aberrant Signalling Pathways in Patients with Hippocampal Sclerosis
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Jyotirmoy Banerjee, Ramesh Doddamani, Manjari Tripathi, P. Sarat Chandra, Devina Sharma, Sanjeev Lalwani, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Arpna Srivastava, Debasmita Paul, and M. C. Sharma
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Adult ,Male ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Adolescent ,Gene Expression ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Hippocampus ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene expression ,Humans ,Medicine ,RNA-Seq ,Child ,Gene ,Regulation of gene expression ,Sclerosis ,business.industry ,RNA ,Methylation ,DNA Methylation ,Cell biology ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Neurology ,CpG site ,Case-Control Studies ,DNA methylation ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background and Aims: DNA methylation and demethylation play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, though their interplay during pathogenesis of hippocampal scelerosis (HS) remains elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the DNA methylation regulated changes in expression of HS patients. Methods: We performed integrative analysis of genome-wide CpG-DNA methylation profiling and RNA sequencing to profile global changes in promoter methylation and gene expression in HS patients. Real time PCR was performed to validate the findings of methylation and RNA sequencing. Results: A total of 16040 sites showed altered DNA methylation in all the CpG islands. Of these, 3185 sites were in the promoter regions, of which 66 genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation and expression. These genes are largely related to pathways predicted to participate in axon guidance by semaphorins, MAPK, ionotropic glutamate receptor pathway, notch signaling, regulatory activities related to TFAP2A and immune response, with the most distinct ones included TFAP2A, NRP1, SEMA3B, CACNG2, MAP3K11, and ADAM17. Conclusion: We performed integrated analysis of genomic methylation signature and differential gene expression patterns of hippocampal tissues resected from patients with HS for the first time. Collectively, our findings implicate DNA methylation as a critical regulator of the pathogenic mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with HS. more...
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- 2020
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154. Viral nanoparticle-encapsidated enzyme and restructured DNA for cell delivery and gene expression
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Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Eric L. Qiao, Lindsay W. Black, Jinny L. Liu, and Kelly L. Robertson
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Cell Survival ,viruses ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Gene Expression ,Fluorescence ,Bacteriophage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Capsid ,Transformation, Genetic ,Plasmid ,Cell Line, Tumor ,DNA Packaging ,Gene expression ,Recombinase ,Bacteriophage T4 ,Humans ,Gene ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,Cell Death ,Integrases ,Staining and Labeling ,biology ,Gene Transfer Techniques ,DNA ,Biological Sciences ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Flow Cytometry ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology ,chemistry ,Attachment Sites, Microbiological ,Nanoparticles ,DNA, Circular ,mCherry ,Plasmids - Abstract
Packaging specific exogenous active proteins and DNAs together within a single viral-nanocontainer is challenging. The bacteriophage T4 capsid (100 × 70 nm) is well suited for this purpose, because it can hold a single long DNA or multiple short pieces of DNA up to 170 kb packed together with more than 1,000 protein molecules. Any linear DNA can be packaged in vitro into purified procapsids. The capsid-targeting sequence (CTS) directs virtually any protein into the procapsid. Procapsids are assembled with specific CTS-directed exogenous proteins that are encapsidated before the DNA. The capsid also can display on its surface high-affinity eukaryotic cell-binding peptides or proteins that are in fusion with small outer capsid and head outer capsid surface-decoration proteins that can be added in vivo or in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that the site-specific recombinase cyclic recombination (Cre) targeted into the procapsid is enzymatically active within the procapsid and recircularizes linear plasmid DNA containing two terminal loxP recognition sites when packaged in vitro. mCherry expression driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in the capsid containing Cre-circularized DNA is enhanced over linear DNA, as shown in recipient eukaryotic cells. The efficient and specific packaging into capsids and the unpackaging of both DNA and protein with release of the enzymatically altered protein-DNA complexes from the nanoparticles into cells have potential in numerous downstream drug and gene therapeutic applications. more...
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- 2014
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155. GABAA Receptor-Mediated Epileptogenicity in Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) Depends on Age at Epilepsy Onset.
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Banerjee, Jyotirmoy, Dey, Soumil, Dixit, Aparna Banerjee, Doddamani, Ramesh, Sharma, Meher Chand, Garg, Ajay, Chandra, P. Sarat, and Tripathi, Manjari
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AGE of onset ,CHILDREN with epilepsy ,DYSPLASIA ,CEREBRAL cortex ,VAGUS nerve ,PYRAMIDAL neurons - Abstract
Enhanced spontaneous GABA
A receptor activity is associated with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a developmental malformation of the cerebral cortex. Clinical manifestations in FCD vary with age at epilepsy onset with a more favorable prognosis in patients with late-onset (LO) compared to that in cases with early-onset (EO). This study was designed to test the hypothesis in FCD that spontaneous GABAA receptor-mediated epileptogenicity depends on the age at epilepsy onset and varies between patients with early and late-onset age in FCD. To this end, brain specimens were obtained from the maximal spiking region (MAX) and minimal spiking region (MIN) of the epileptic foci of EO (n = 14, mean age = 10.6 ± 2.9 years) and LO (n = 10, mean age = 27 ± 5.6 years) patients undergoing electrocorticography (ECoG) guided surgery. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record spontaneous GABAergic currents from normal-looking pyramidal neurons in slice preparations of resected brain samples. We detected higher frequency and amplitude of GABAergic events in MAX samples compared to MIN samples of LO patients, while they were comparable in MIN and MAX samples of EO patients. Further GABAergic activity in the MIN and MAX samples of EO patients was higher than the MIN samples of LO patients. This suggests that in LO patients, GABAA receptor-mediated epileptogenicity is confined only to the high spiking areas, but in EO patients, it affects low spiking regions as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2020
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156. Integrated Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and RNAseq Analysis of Hippocampal Specimens Identifies Potential Candidate Genes and Aberrant Signalling Pathways in Patients with Hippocampal Sclerosis.
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Dixit, Aparna, Srivastava, Arpna, Sharma, Devina, Tripathi, Manjari, Paul, Debasmita, Lalwani, Sanjeev, Doddamani, Ramesh, Sharma, M, Banerjee, Jyotirmoy, Chandra, P, Dixit, Aparna Banerjee, Sharma, M C, and Chandra, P Sarat more...
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TEMPORAL lobe epilepsy ,HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) ,CASE-control method ,GENE expression ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,DNA methylation ,HIPPOCAMPAL sclerosis ,POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Background and Aims: DNA methylation and demethylation play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, though their interplay during pathogenesis of hippocampal scelerosis (HS) remains elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the DNA methylation regulated changes in expression of HS patients.Methods: We performed integrative analysis of genome-wide CpG-DNA methylation profiling and RNA sequencing to profile global changes in promoter methylation and gene expression in HS patients. Real time PCR was performed to validate the findings of methylation and RNA sequencing.Results: A total of 16040 sites showed altered DNA methylation in all the CpG islands. Of these, 3185 sites were in the promoter regions, of which 66 genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation and expression. These genes are largely related to pathways predicted to participate in axon guidance by semaphorins, MAPK, ionotropic glutamate receptor pathway, notch signaling, regulatory activities related to TFAP2A and immune response, with the most distinct ones included TFAP2A, NRP1, SEMA3B, CACNG2, MAP3K11, and ADAM17.Conclusion: We performed integrated analysis of genomic methylation signature and differential gene expression patterns of hippocampal tissues resected from patients with HS for the first time. Collectively, our findings implicate DNA methylation as a critical regulator of the pathogenic mechanisms of epileptogenesis associated with HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2020
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157. Thermodynamic stability and impedance measurements of perovskite LuRhO3(s) in the Lu–Rh–O system
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A. R. Joshi, Aparna Banerjee, Raghav Kumar Mishra, Pooja Sawant, and Shyamala R. Bharadwaj
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Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Thermodynamics ,General Chemistry ,Activation energy ,Electrochemistry ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,Heat flux ,symbols ,Chemical stability - Abstract
The Gibbs energy of formation of LuRhO3(s) has been determined using a solid-state electrochemical technique employing an oxide ion conducting electrolyte. The Gibbs energy of formation of LuRhO3(s) from elements in their standard state calculated from the data obtained can be represented by: {ΔfGo(LuRhO3, s)/(kJ mol−1) ± 1.35} = −1164.3 + 0.2685(T/K) (943 ≤ T/K ≤ 1121). The standard enthalpy of formation and entropy of the compound at 298.15 K has been derived following the second law method. The standard molar heat capacity of LuRhO3(s) was determined from 128 K to 846 K using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter. Based on the thermodynamic data for the compound, an oxygen potential diagram for the Lu–Rh–O system was computed. Impedance measurements on LuRhO3(s), suggests a semiconductor like behavior with low activation energy. more...
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- 2014
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158. System Er–Ru–O: High temperature study of the heavy rare earth pyrochlore Er2Ru2O7(s) by electrochemical cell and differential scanning calorimeter
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Aparna Banerjee
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Electromotive force ,Chemistry ,Pyrochlore ,Analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrochemistry ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,engineering ,symbols ,General Materials Science - Abstract
The Gibbs free energy of formation of Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) has been determined using solid-state electrochemical technique employing oxide ion conducting electrolyte. The reversible electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the following solid-state electrochemical cell has been measured: (−)Pt/{Er 2 O 3 (s) + Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) + Ru(s)}//CSZ//O 2 (p(O 2 ) = 21.21 kPa)/Pt(+). The Gibbs free energy of formation of Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) from elements in their standard state, calculated by the least squares regression analysis of the data obtained in the present study, can be given by: {Δ f G°(Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 ,s) / (kJ∙mol −1 ) ± 2.2} = − 2517.3 + 0.6099 ∙ (T/K); (934.6 ≤ T/K ≤ 1236.3). Standard molar heat capacity C° p,m (T) of Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) was measured using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in two different temperature ranges, from 129 K to 296 K and 307 K to 845 K. The heat capacity in the higher temperature range was fitted into a polynomial expression and can be represented by: C° p,m (Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 ,s,T)(J∙K −1 ∙mol −1 ) = 293.88 + 2.397 10 −2 T(K) − 54.74717 10 5 /T 2 (K); (307 ≤ T(K) ≤ 845). The heat capacity of Er 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s), was used along with the data obtained from the oxide electrochemical cell to calculate the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of the compound at 298.15 K. more...
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- 2013
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159. The system Yb–Ru–O: High temperature studies on the oxides Yb2Ru2O7(s) and Yb3RuO7(s)
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Aparna Banerjee and Ziley Singh Chaudhary
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Chemistry ,Oxide ,Analytical chemistry ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Electrochemical cell ,Gibbs free energy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols.namesake ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Powder diffraction - Abstract
The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of Yb 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) and Yb 3 RuO 7 (s) was determined using an oxide solid-state electrochemical cell wherein calcia-stabilized-zirconia (CSZ) was used as an electrolyte. The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of Yb 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) and Yb 3 RuO 7 (s) from elements in their standard state was calculated by the least squares regression analysis of the data obtained in the present study and can be given respectively by: {Δ f G °(Yb 2 Ru 2 O 7 , s)/(kJ mol −1 ) ± 1.88} = −2450.4 + 0.6025·( T /K) and {Δ f G °(Yb 3 RuO 7 , s)/(kJ mol −1 ) ± 2.36} = −3109.6 + 0.6202·( T /K). Standard molar heat capacity C ° p,m ( T ) of Yb 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s), was measured using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in the temperature range from 307 K to 845 K. The heat capacity of Yb 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) was used along with the data obtained from the oxide electrochemical cell to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of the compound Yb 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s), from elements at 298.15 K. more...
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- 2013
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160. Solid oxide electrochemical cell and differential scanning calorimetry used for thermodynamic measurements of the ternary oxides: Nd2RuO5(s) and Nd2Ru2O7(s)
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Aparna Banerjee and Ziley Singh Chaudhary
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Analytical chemistry ,Oxide ,Electrolyte ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Electrochemical cell ,Gibbs free energy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols.namesake ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,chemistry ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Ternary operation - Abstract
The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of Nd 2 RuO 5 (s) and Nd 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) was determined using an oxide solid-state electrochemical cell wherein calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) was used as an electrolyte. The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of Nd 2 RuO 5 (s) and Nd 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) from elements in their standard state was calculated by the least squares regression analysis of the data obtained in the present study and can be given respectively by: {Δ f G o (Nd 2 RuO 5 , s)/(kJ mol −1 ) ± 1.55} = −2130.29 + 0.4786·( T /K); {Δ f G o (Nd 2 Ru 2 O 7 , s)/(kJ mol −1 ) ± 2.2} = −2501.1 + 0.692·( T /K). Standard molar heat capacity C o p,m ( T ) of Nd 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) was measured using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in two different temperature ranges, from 127 K to 299 K and 307 K to 745 K. The heat capacity of Nd 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) was used along with the data obtained from the oxide electrochemical cell to calculate the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of the compound from elements at 298.15 K. more...
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- 2013
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161. Overseas trade vis-a-vis overseas shipping: Growth and performance in India (1999–2009)
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Sudakshina Gupta and Aparna Banerjee
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Mode of transport ,Government ,Multimodal transport ,business.industry ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Economic liberalization ,Containerization ,Transportation ,International trade ,Port (computer networking) ,Competition (economics) ,Economy ,Dominance (economics) ,Economics ,business - Abstract
Maritime trade has been and even continues to account for about a lion's share of India's total cargo volumes. Despite the growth of multimodal transport (by land, water and air), shipping still continues to be the major mode of transport in the bulk carriage of country's overseas trade. In view of this vital role of shipping, in the first four decades of independence, under the initiative of planned development and active government support, India's shipping and port sector saw dramatic growth in their performance to build adequate national fleet, in keeping up with the transport of overseas cargo. However, the onset of economic liberalization in 1991 has given rise to many new dimensions in the development of the shipping and port sector of the country with a significant redefinition of shipping and port services, in response to the new global trend patterns. For instance, it has also established the new era of containerization in the mode of cargo delivery from the dominance of the era of bulk and break-bulk trade during the decade of sixties and seventies. Moreover, as global competition increases, in response to this emerging trade patterns within this country, India's volume of traffic growth also increases manifold. So, India's shipping and port sectors need, significantly, to build up and furnish their capacity by increasing the frequency of this mode of transport i.e. the growth of the national overseas fleet to meet this surging demand. This paper, therefore, have focused on this role of shipping in such rising overseas trade, with a view to examine the shipping performance (the growth of overseas fleet) in response to the growing overseas trade at all ports of India during the period (1999–2000 to 2008–2009), in terms of both a mathematical model and a graphical representation. Finally, it concludes that the absolute overseas trade, being highly import dependent, have led to a more or less stagnant performance in overseas shipping, owing to the lack of the adequate growth of absolute overseas exports during this period. more...
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- 2013
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162. Draft Genome Sequence of the Nonpathogenic, Thermotolerant, and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacillus anthracis Strain PFAB2 from Panifala Hot Water Spring in West Bengal, India
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Rajib Bandopadhyay, Rajeev K. Varshney, Aparna Banerjee, Shrikant Mantri, Vasvi Chaudhry, and Urmi Halder
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0301 basic medicine ,Whole genome sequencing ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Strain (chemistry) ,fungi ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Bacillus anthracis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Spring (hydrology) ,Genetics ,West bengal ,Prokaryotes ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of fatal anthrax in both animals and humans. It is prevalently pathogenic. Here, we present a Bacillus anthracis PFAB2 strain from a relatively unexplored Panifala hot water spring in West Bengal, India. It is nonpathogenic, exopolysaccharide producing, and thermotolerant in nature. more...
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- 2016
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163. Microbial Biotechnology
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Abimbola Enitan, Francisco J. Plou, Josiah Adeyemo, SANTHOSH KUMAR KUTTAN PILLAI, Faizal Bux, Kashyap Dubey, Pratyoosh Shukla, Aparna Banerjee, Kugen Permaul, and Puneet Pathak
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Engineering ,business.industry ,business ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2016
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164. Upregulation of breast cancer resistance protein and major vault protein in drug resistant epilepsy
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Devina Sharma, Arpna Srivastava, P. Sarat Chandra, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Manjari Tripathi, and Deepak Prakash
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Candidate gene ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Abcg2 ,Adolescent ,Drug resistance ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Major vault protein ,medicine ,ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2 ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Glucuronosyltransferase ,Child ,Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ,biology ,Brain Neoplasms ,Brain ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Up-Regulation ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,030104 developmental biology ,Neurology ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,biology.protein ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Purpose Identifying factors involved in the development of drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) remains a challenge. Candidate gene studies have shown modulation of resistance to drugs by various multidrug resistance proteins in DRE. However the resistance to drugs in DRE could be more complex and multifactorial involving molecules in different pharmacokinetic processes. In this study for the first time we have analyzed the relative expression of four molecules with different drug resistance mechanisms in two most common DRE pathologies, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) with respect to each other and also with different non-epileptic controls. Methods Brain tissues resected from MTLE (n=16) and FCD type I and II (n=12) patients who had undergone surgery were analysed for mRNA levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1( MRP1 ), major vault protein ( MVP ), breast cancer resistance protein ( BCRP ), and one drug metabolising enzyme ( UGT1A4) as compared to non-epileptic controls which were tissues resected from tumor periphery (n=6) and autopsy tissues (n=4) by quantitative PCR. Results We found significant upregulation of MVP and BCRP whereas MRP1 and UGT1A4 were unaltered in both pathologies. While upregulation of BCRP was significantly higher in MTLE (9.34±0.45; p MVP was significantly higher in FCD (2.94±0.65; p Conclusion We propose that upregulation of BCRP and MVP is associated with MTLE and FCD and these molecules not only may have the potential to predict pathology specific phenotypes but may also have therapeutic potential as adjunct treatment in these pathologies. more...
- Published
- 2016
165. Compression of the DNA substrate by a viral packaging motor is supported by removal of intercalating dye during translocation
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Lindsay W. Black, Krishanu Ray, and Aparna Banerjee Dixit
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Models, Molecular ,Conformational change ,Genes, Viral ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Substrate Specificity ,Motor protein ,Viral genome packaging ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,DNA Packaging ,Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ,medicine ,Bacteriophage T4 ,Binding site ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Benzoxazoles ,Mutation ,Binding Sites ,Endodeoxyribonucleases ,Multidisciplinary ,Molecular Motor Proteins ,Quinolinium Compounds ,Virus Assembly ,Mutagenesis ,Biological Sciences ,Intercalating Agents ,Förster resonance energy transfer ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,DNA, Viral ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Biophysics ,Nucleic Acid Conformation ,DNA - Abstract
Viral genome packaging into capsids is powered by high-force-generating motor proteins. In the presence of all packaging components, ATP-powered translocation in vitro expels all detectable tightly bound YOYO-1 dye from packaged short dsDNA substrates and removes all aminoacridine dye from packaged genomic DNA in vivo. In contrast, in the absence of packaging, the purified T4 packaging ATPase alone can only remove up to ∼ 1/3 of DNA-bound intercalating YOYO-1 dye molecules in the presence of ATP or ATP-γ-S. In sufficient concentration, intercalating dyes arrest packaging, but rare terminase mutations confer resistance. These distant mutations are highly interdependent in acquiring function and resistance and likely mark motor contact points with the translocating DNA. In stalled Y-DNAs, FRET has shown a decrease in distance from the phage T4 terminase C terminus to portal consistent with a linear motor, and in the Y-stem DNA compression between closely positioned dye pairs. Taken together with prior FRET studies of conformational changes in stalled Y-DNAs, removal of intercalating compounds by the packaging motor demonstrates conformational change in DNA during normal translocation at low packaging resistance and supports a proposed linear “DNA crunching” or torsional compression motor mechanism involving a transient grip-and-release structural change in B form DNA. more...
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- 2012
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166. The Lu–Ru–O System: Thermodynamic properties and impedance measurements of the pyrochlore Lu2Ru2O7(s)
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Raghav Kumar Mishra, Ziley Singh, and Aparna Banerjee
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Electromotive force ,Chemistry ,Pyrochlore ,Analytical chemistry ,Thermodynamics ,General Chemistry ,Activation energy ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrochemistry ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,engineering ,symbols ,General Materials Science - Abstract
The Gibbs free energy of formation of Lu2Ru2O7(s) has been determined using solid-state electrochemical technique employing oxide ion conducting electrolyte. The reversible electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the following solid-state electrochemical cell has been measured: Cell : ( − ) Pt / Lu 2 O 3 s + Lu 2 Ru 2 O 7 s + Ru s / / CSZ / / O 2 p O 2 = 21 . 21 kPa / Pt + The Gibbs free energy of formation of Lu2Ru2O7(s) from elements in their standard state, calculated by the least squares regression analysis of the data obtained in the present study, can be represented by: { Δ f G ° Lu 2 Ru 2 O 7 , s / kJ · mol − 1 ± 2 . 7 } = − 2513 . 7 + 0. 6265 · T / K ; 943 . 9 £ T / K £ 123 0 ) . Standard molar heat capacity C°p,m(T) of Lu2Ru2O7(s), was measured using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in two different temperature ranges, from 127 K to 299 K and 307 K to 845 K. The heat capacity in the higher temperature range was fitted into a polynomial expression and can be represented by: C ° p , m ( Lu 2 Ru 2 O 7 s J . K − 1 · mol − 1 = 294 . 535 + 2 .0 · 1 0 − 4 T K − 49 .00 688 · 1 0 5 / T 2 K . The second law method gave the value of standard enthalpy of formation and entropy, of the compound from elements at 298.15 K. An oxygen potential diagram for the Lu–Ru–O system was computed based on the thermodynamic data obtained. Impedance measurements on Lu2Ru2O7(s), suggests a semiconductor like behavior with low activation energy. more...
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- 2011
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167. Epigenetic regulation of mTOR pathway in malformations of cortical development
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Krishan Kumar, Manjari Tripathi, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, and P. Sarat Chandra
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Epilepsy ,business.industry ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Pilot Projects ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Cell biology ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,Neurology ,DNA methylation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Epigenetics ,business ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Epigenesis - Published
- 2019
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168. PfSRPK1, a Novel Splicing-related Kinase from Plasmodium falciparum
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Prashant Singh, Pawan Malhotra, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Guru Prasad Sharma, and Pushkar Sharma
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Genetics ,Messenger RNA ,biology ,RNA Splicing ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Alternative splicing ,Protozoan Proteins ,RNA ,Cell Biology ,Serine threonine protein kinase ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Cell biology ,Splicing factor ,parasitic diseases ,Gene expression ,RNA splicing ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Protein Kinases ,Molecular Biology ,RNA, Protozoan ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Even though it is increasingly evident that post-transcriptional events like mRNA processing and splicing may regulate gene expression and proteome diversity of malaria parasite Plasmodium, molecular mechanisms that regulate events like mRNA splicing in malaria parasite are poorly understood. Protein kinases control a wide variety of cellular events in almost all eukaryotes, including modulation of mRNA splicing, transport, and stability. We have identified a novel splicing-related protein kinase from Plasmodium falciparum, PfSRPK1. PfSRPK1 when incubated with parasite nuclear extracts inhibited RNA splicing, suggesting that it may control mRNA splicing in the parasite. PfSR1, a putative splicing factor from P. falciparum, was identified as a substrate of PfSRPK1. PfSR1 interacts with RNA and PfSRPK1 modulates its RNA binding. Early in the parasite development, PfSRPK1 and PfSR1 are present in the nucleus. These studies provide useful insights into the function of two potentially key components of P. falciparum mRNA splicing machinery. more...
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- 2010
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169. Comparative genomic analysis of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium species using partial genome sequence: Phylogenetic analysis of a few conserved proteins involved in cellular processes and metabolism
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Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Lokendra Singh, Syed Imteyaz Alam, and Arvind Tomar
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DNA, Bacterial ,Whole genome sequencing ,Genetics ,Phylogenetic tree ,Clostridium tetani ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Sequence Homology ,Genomics ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Biology ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Genome ,genomic DNA ,Infectious Diseases ,Bacterial Proteins ,Phylogenetics ,Environmental Microbiology ,medicine ,ORFS ,Conserved Sequence ,Genome, Bacterial ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Clostridial organisms produce neurotoxins, which are generally regarded as the most potent toxic substances of biological origin and potential biological warfare agents. Clostridium tetani produces tetanus neurotoxin and is responsible for the fatal tetanus disease. In spite of the extensive immunization regimen, the disease is an important cause of death especially among neonates. Strains of C. tetani have not been genetically characterized except the complete genome sequencing of strain E88. The present study reports the genetic makeup and phylogenetic affiliations of an environmental strain of this bacterium with respect to C. tetani E88 and other clostridia. A shot gun library was constructed from the genomic DNA of C. tetani drde, isolated from decaying fish sample. Unique clones were sequenced and sequences compared with its closest relative C. tetani E88. A total of 275 clones were obtained and 32,457 bases of non-redundant sequence were generated. A total of 150 base changes were observed over the entire length of sequence obtained, including, additions, deletions and base substitutions. Of the total 120 ORFs detected, 48 exhibited closest similarity to E88 proteins of which three are hypothetical proteins. Eight of the ORFs exhibited similarity with hypothetical proteins from other organisms and 10 aligned with other proteins from unrelated organisms. There is an overall conservation of protein sequences among the two strains of C. tetani and. Selected ORFs involved in cellular processes and metabolism were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. more...
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- 2010
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170. Determination of thermodynamic properties of YRhO3(s) by solid-state electrochemical cell and differential scanning calorimeter
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Ziley Singh and Aparna Banerjee
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Physics ,Crystallography ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,Electrochemistry ,Solid-state ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Standard enthalpy change of formation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heat capacity ,Polynomial Expression - Abstract
The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of YRhO3(s) has been determined using a solid-state electrochemical cell wherein calcia-stabilized zirconia was used as an electrolyte. The cell can be represented by: $$ \left( - \right){\text{Pt - Rh/}}\left\{ {{{\text{Y}}_2}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\left( {\text{s}} \right) + {\text{YRh}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {\text{s}} \right) + {\text{Rh}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right\}//{\text{CSZ//}}{{\text{O}}_2}\left( {p\left( {{{\text{O}}_2}} \right) = 21.21\;{\text{kPa}}} \right)/{\text{Pt - Rh}}\left( + \right) $$ . The electromotive force was measured in the temperature range from 920.0 to 1,197.3 K. The standard molar Gibbs energy of the formation of YRhO3(s) from elements in their standard state using this electrochemical cell has been calculated and can be represented by: $$ {\Delta_{\text{f}}}{G^{\text{o}}}\left\{ {{\text{YRh}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right\}/{\text{kJ}}\;{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}\left( {\pm 1.61} \right) = - 1,147.4 + 0.2815\;T\;\left( {\text{K}} \right) $$ . Standard molar heat capacity $$ C^{o}_{{p,m}} $$ (T) of YRhO3(s) was measured using a heat flux-type differential scanning calorimeter in two different temperature ranges from 127 to 299 K and 305 to 646 K. The heat capacity in the higher temperature range was fitted into a polynomial expression and can be represented by: $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\mathop C\nolimits_{p,m}^{\text{o}} \left( {{\text{YRh}}{{\text{O}}_3},{\text{s,}}T} \right)\left( {{\text{J}}\;{{\text{K}}^{ - 1}}{\text{mo}}{{\text{l}}^{ - 1}}} \right)} & { = 109.838 + 23.318 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}T\left( {\text{K}} \right)} & { - 12.5964 \times {{10}^5}/{T^2}\left( {\text{K}} \right).} \\ {} & {\left( {305 \leqslant T\left( {\text{K}} \right) \leqslant 646} \right)} & {} \\ \end{array} $$ The heat capacity of YRhO3(s) was used along with the data obtained from the electrochemical cell to calculate the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of the compound at 298.15 K. more...
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- 2009
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171. Heat capacity and Gibbs energy of formation of the ternary oxide CdRh2O4(s)
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Ziley Singh, V. Venugopal, and Aparna Banerjee
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Electromotive force ,Chemistry ,Oxide ,General Chemistry ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Electrochemical cell ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,symbols ,Physical chemistry ,General Materials Science - Abstract
The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of CdRh2O4(s) was determined using an oxide solid-state electrochemical cell wherein calcia-stabilized-zirconia (CSZ) was used as an electrolyte. The oxide cell can be represented by: ( − ) Pt − Rh / { CdO ( s ) + CdRh 2 O 4 ( s ) + Rh(s) } / / CSZ// O 2 ( p ( O 2 ) = 21.21 kPa ) / Pt−Rh(+) The electromotive force was measured in the temperature from 855.5 K to 1144.9 K. The standard molar Gibbs energy of formation of CdRh2O4(s) from elements in their standard state using the oxide electrochemical cell has been calculated and can be represented by: Δ f G 0 { CdRh 2 O 4 ( s ) } / kJ ⋅ mol − 1 ( ± 1.13 ) = − 712.44 + 0.395 T ( K ) . Standard molar heat capacity Cop,m(T) of CdRh2O4(s), was measured using a heat flux type differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in two different temperature ranges, from 127 K to 299 K and 307 K to 845 K. The heat capacity in the higher temperature range was fitted into a polynomial expression and can be represented by: C p , m 0 ( CdRh 2 O 4 , s , T ) ( J · K − 1 · mol − 1 ) = 178.65 + 2.943 ⋅ 10 − 2 T ( K ) − 32.52285 ⋅ 10 5 / T 2 ( K ) . The heat capacity of CdRh2O4(s), was used along with the data obtained from the oxide electrochemical cell to calculate the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of the compound from elements at 298.15 K. more...
- Published
- 2009
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172. System Zn–Rh–O: heat capacity and Gibbs free energy of formation using differential scanning calorimeter and electrochemical cell
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Ziley Singh and Aparna Banerjee
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Physics ,Crystallography ,symbols.namesake ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,Electrochemistry ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Standard enthalpy change of formation ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Heat capacity ,Polynomial Expression ,Gibbs free energy - Abstract
The standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of ZnRh2O4(s) has been determined using an oxide solid-state electrochemical cell wherein calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) was used as an electrolyte. The oxide cell can be represented by: \({{\left( - \right){\text{Pt}} - {\text{Rh}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( - \right){\text{Pt}} - {\text{Rh}}} {\left\{ {{\text{ZnO}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right.}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left\{ {{\text{ZnO}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right.}} + {\text{ZnRh}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{4}} \left( {\text{s}} \right) + \left. {{\text{Rh}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right\}//{\text{CSZ//O}}_{\text{2}} {{\left( {p\left( {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \right) = {\text{21}}{\text{.21 kPa}}} \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {p\left( {{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \right) = {\text{21}}{\text{.21 kPa}}} \right)} {{\text{Pt}} - {\text{Rh}}\left( {\text{ + }} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\text{Pt}} - {\text{Rh}}\left( {\text{ + }} \right)}}\). The electromotive force was measured in the temperature range from 943.9 to 1,114.2 K. The standard molar Gibbs energy of formation of ZnRh2O4(s) from elements in their standard state using the oxide electrochemical cell has been calculated and can be represented by: \(\Delta _{\text{f}} G^{\text{o}} {\text{\{ ZnRh}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{4}} {\text{(s)\} /kJ mol}}^{ - {\text{1}}} {\text{( $ \pm $ 1}}{\text{.15) = }} - {\text{744}}{\text{.5 + 0}}{\text{.3487 }}T{\text{ (K)}}\). Standard molar heat capacity Cop,m(T) of ZnRh2O4(s) was measured using a heat flux-type differential scanning calorimeter in two different temperature ranges, from 127 to 299 and 307 to 845 K. The heat capacity in the higher temperature range was fitted into a polynomial expression and can be represented by: \(\begin{aligned} & C^{\text{o}} _{{\text{p,m}}} {\text{ (ZnRh}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{4}} {\text{,s,}}T{\text{)}}\;{\text{(J}}\;{\text{K}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{mol}}^{ - 1} {\text{) = 167}}{\text{.685 + 2}}{\text{.446}} \times {\text{10}}^{ - {\text{2}}} T\;{\text{(K)}} - {\text{33}}{\text{.74339}} \times {\text{10}}^{\text{5}} {\text{/}}T^{\text{2}} \;{\text{(K)}} \\ & {\text{ (307}} \leqslant T{\text{ (K)}} \leqslant {\text{845)}} \\ \end{aligned} \). The heat capacity of ZnRh2O4(s), was used along with the data obtained from the oxide electrochemical cell to calculate the standard enthalpy and entropy of formation of the compound at 298.15 K. more...
- Published
- 2008
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173. Comparative analysis of cytokine/chemokine regulatory networks in patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)
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Srivastava, Arpna, primary, Dixit, Aparna Banerjee, additional, Paul, Debasmita, additional, Tripathi, Manjari, additional, Sarkar, Chitra, additional, Chandra, P. Sarat, additional, and Banerjee, Jyotirmoy, additional more...
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- 2017
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174. Design and operation of fixed bed laterite column for the removal of fluoride from water
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Mitali Sarkar, Partha Pratim Pramanick, Aparna Banerjee, and Asit R. Sarkar
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Langmuir ,Chromatography ,Elution ,Fixed bed ,General Chemical Engineering ,Analytical chemistry ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Volumetric flow rate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Laterite ,engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Freundlich equation ,Fluoride - Abstract
Laterite, the geomaterial, is used as an adsorbent for the removal of fluoride from drinking water. The equilibrium data obtained through batch study is fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The values of thermodynamic constants and the separation factor indicate that fluoride removal on laterite is feasible. The solution movement through the laterite column bed was predicted from the mass balance concept. The nature of breakthrough curve was found to be influenced by several operational parameters, adsorption capacity and adsorption rate. The governing influence of primary adsorption zone formation was characterized by different secondary parameters. The laterite bed capacity under dynamic condition was determined from the breakthrough curve and is higher compared to that evaluated from static mode. Sharp breakthrough curve was obtained at higher feed fluoride concentration and lesser bed height. Column capacity does not change up to a flow rate of 6.5 cm 3 min −1 even for the highest concentration studied. It is found that a maximum of 80.4% of retained fluoride was eluted at pH ≥ 9.8. In a typical set with initial fluoride concentration of 20 mg dm −3 and bed height 20 cm the retention–elution process was repeated for a number of times. It is found that the capacity though decrease with the cycle number, it remains within 68% after five cycles. more...
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- 2007
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175. Presurgical epileptogenic network analysis: A way to enhance epilepsy surgery outcome
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Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, P. Sarat Chandra, and Manjari Tripathi
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medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Magnetoencephalography ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Epilepsy ,Neurology ,Medicine ,Ictal ,Epilepsy surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging ,business ,Neuroscience ,Emission computed tomography - Abstract
Accurate localization of the "epileptogenic zone (EZ)" is an important issue in epilepsy surgery. The EZ is not discrete and focal; in fact, the epileptogenic networks can spread ictal activity to different regions of the brain. Changes in network characteristics and functional connectivity are shown to be associated with epilepsy. Seizures are thought to represent a hyper-synchronous state and presumable changes in synchronization between different brain regions underlie the mechanisms of seizure spread. Although presurgical evaluation of the epileptogenic network analysis can be carried out using existing investigative techniques like electroencephalogram (EEG), video-EEG, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and magnetoencephalography, advanced imaging techniques such as optical intrinsic spectroscopy, auto-fluorescence imaging, voltage sensitive dye imaging, and calcium imaging have the advantage of better spatiotemporal resolution over a large area of cortex. Understanding the wide-scale dynamic networks by analyzing the changes in the synchronization patterns using advanced imaging techniques will be instrumental in the presurgical analysis of the epileptogenic network and better localization of the EZs in the future. more...
- Published
- 2015
176. Non-histone substrates of histone deacetylases as potential therapeutic targets in epilepsy
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Kumar, Sonali, Attrish, Diksha, Srivastava, Arpna, Banerjee, Jyotirmoy, Tripathi, Manjari, Chandra, P Sarat, and Dixit, Aparna Banerjee
- Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epilepsy is a network-level neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked recurrent seizures and associated comorbidities. Aberrant activity and localization of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported in epilepsy and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been used for therapeutic purposes. Several non-histone targets of HDACs have been recognized whose reversible acetylation can modulate protein functions and can contribute to disease pathology.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of HDACs in epilepsy and reflects its action on non-histone substrates involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and explores the effectiveness of HDACi as anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). It also covers the efforts undertaken to target the interaction of HDACs with their substrates. We have further discussed non-deacetylase activity possessed by specific HDACs that might be essential in unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying the disease. For this purpose, relevant literature from 1996 to 2020 was derived from PubMed.Expert opinion: The interaction of HDACs and their non-histone substrates can serve as a promising therapeutic target for epilepsy. Pan-HDACi offers limited benefits to the epileptic patients. Thus, identification of novel targets of HDACs contributing to the disease and designing inhibitors targeting these complexes would be more effective and holds a greater potential as an anti-epileptogenic therapy. more...
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- 2021
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177. Role of inflammation and its miRNA based regulation in epilepsy: Implications for therapy
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Manjari Tripathi, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, P. Sarat Chandra, and Arpna Srivastava
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0301 basic medicine ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Inflammation ,Neurological disorder ,Pharmacology ,Bioinformatics ,Biochemistry ,Epileptogenesis ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,microRNA ,medicine ,Inflammatory molecules ,Diagnostic biomarker ,Animals ,Humans ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
There is a need to develop innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract epilepsy, a common disabling neurological disorder. Despite the recent advent of additional antiepileptic drugs and respective surgery, the treatment of epilepsy remains a major challenge. The available therapies are largely based on symptoms, and these approaches do not affect the underlying disease processes and are also associated frequently with severe side effects. This is mainly because of the lack of well-defined targets in epilepsy. The discovery that inflammatory mediators significantly contribute to the onset and recurrence of seizures in experimental seizure models, as well as the presence of inflammatory molecules in human epileptogenic tissue, highlights the possibility of targeting specific inflammation related pathways to control seizures that are otherwise resistant to the available AEDs. Emerging studies suggest that miRNAs have a significant role in regulating inflammatory pathways shown to be involved in epilepsy. These miRNAs can possibly be used as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of epilepsy as well as serve as diagnostic biomarkers of epileptogenesis. This review highlights the immunological features underlying the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures and the possible miRNA mediated approaches for drug resistant epilepsies that modulate the immune-mediated pathogenesis. more...
- Published
- 2015
178. Enhanced endogenous activation of NMDA receptors in pyramidal neurons of hippocampal tissues from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A mechanism of hyper excitation
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Yogendra Kumar Gupta, Chitra Sarkar, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, Manjari Tripathi, and P. Sarat Chandra
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Male ,Hippocampus ,AMPA receptor ,Biology ,Hippocampal formation ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Synaptic Transmission ,Glutamatergic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Slice preparation ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptors, AMPA ,Rats, Wistar ,Pyramidal Cells ,Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ,nervous system diseases ,Rats ,nervous system ,Neurology ,chemistry ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Excitatory postsynaptic potential ,CNQX ,NMDA receptor ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuroscience ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - Abstract
Altered excitatory synaptic transmission is one of the primary causes of seizure generation in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The present study is designed to delineate the contribution of glutamatergic tone under resting conditions to the hyper excitability in patients with MTLE. Resected hippocampal tissues were obtained from patients with MTLE. In these samples spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), sensitive to NMDA receptor antagonist APV (50μM) and AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX (10μM) were recorded from pyramidal neurons at -70mV. We observed that frequency of EPSCs were 28.2% higher in slices obtained from patients with MTLE compared to that in case of non-epileptic controls. We also examined spontaneous fast current transients (CTs) recorded from these pyramidal neurons under cell-attached configuration. The frequency of CTs increased in the absence of extracellular Mg(2+) in brain slice preparations and was completely blocked by APV. We found that the frequency of CTs in pyramidal neurons were higher in case of MTLE samples compared to non-epileptic controls. This study suggests that enhanced endogenous activity of NMDA receptor contributes to excitability in pyramidal neurons of slice preparations obtained from patients with MTLE. more...
- Published
- 2015
179. Kinetics and Mechanism of Fluoride Removal Using Laterite
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Partha Pratim Pramanick, Mitali Sarkar, and and Aparna Banerjee
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Surface diffusion ,Exothermic reaction ,Langmuir ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Inorganic chemistry ,Mineralogy ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Laterite ,engineering ,Particle ,Particle size ,Fluoride - Abstract
The suitability of laterite soil particle as a potential adsorbent is assessed for the removal of fluoride following batch mode of operation. The efficiency of the operation is determined by initial fluoride concentration, shaking time, shaking speed, dose and particle size of the adsorbent, pH of the solution, and temperature. The process attains equilibrium at 195 min, removing 78.2% fluoride from 10 mg dm-3 fluoride solution using fine particle size at 303 K. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The isotherm can be conformed to either Langmuir or Freundlich model in different temperature regions. The process follows Lagergren pseudo-first-order rate, and surface diffusion is identified as the predominating mechanism. more...
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- 2006
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180. Production and Stability Studies of a Neurotoxin Produced by Clostridium sp. RKD
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Lokendra Singh, Syed Imteyaz Alam, Ram Kumar Dhaked, and Aparna Banerjee Dixit
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Chromatography ,Protease ,Toxin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Lethal dose ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Clostridium ,medicine ,Neurotoxin ,Bioassay ,Clostridiaceae ,Bacteria ,Food Science - Abstract
A neurotoxigenic Clostridium sp. (RKD) isolated from intestine of decaying fish produced a neurotoxin that was neutralized by botulinum antitoxin (A+B+E) when tested by mouse protection bioassay. An amplicon of expected size (approximately 700 bp) was generated with primers specific for BoNT/B. Toxin was maximally released in the culture supernatant in the late stationary phase and was dependent on media composition. Growth was optimal in trypticase peptone yeast-extract glucose (TPYG) medium in a pH range of 7.5 to 8.0 and at a temperature between 35°C to 40°C while toxin production was optimum at 37°C (3 to 4 × 103 minimum lethal dose per milliliter) without any protease treatment. There was no correlation between growth and toxin production when cells were grown in media containing different concentrations of NaCl (0% to 5%). Toxin in the culture supernatant was more stable (50% reduction at 50°C in 90 min) than the partially purified fraction. Toxicity was destroyed gradually after increasing the number of freeze-thaw cycles and was almost completely inactivated after 5 cycles. It was completely inactivated by overnight treatment of 1 N NaOH while it retained 1.5% activity with a similar treatment with 1 N HCl. more...
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- 2006
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181. Thermodynamic properties of the ternary oxides in the Eu–Ru–O system by using solid-state electrochemical cells
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Aparna Banerjee, Rajendra Prasad, and V. Venugopal
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Physics ,Crystallography ,Electrochemistry ,Solid-state ,General Materials Science ,Oxide ion ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ternary operation - Abstract
The Gibbs free energies of formation of Eu3RuO7(s) and Eu2Ru2O7(s) have been determined using solid-state electrochemical technique employing oxide ion conducting electrolyte. The reversible electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the following solid-state electrochemical cells have been measured: % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX!% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX% garmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYd% f9irVeeu0dXdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq% -JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaa% biGaciaacaqabeaadaqadqaaaOqaaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaG% qbaiaa-neacaWFLbGaa8hBaiaa-Xgadaqadaqaaiaa-LeaaiaawIca% caGLPaaacaWF6aWaaSGbaeaadaqadaqaaiaa-1caaiaawIcacaGLPa% aacaWFqbGaa8hDaaqaamaacmaabaGaa8xraiaa-vhadaWgaaWcbaGa% a83maaqabaGccaWFsbGaa8xDaiaa-9eadaWgaaWcbaGaa83naaqaba% Gcdaqadaqaaiaa-nhaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWFRaGaa8xraiaa-vha% daWgaaWcbaGaa8NmaaqabaGccaWFpbWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-ndaaeqaaO% WaaeWaaeaacaWFZbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaa83kaiaa-jfacaWF1bWa% aeWaaeaacaWFZbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaacaGL7bGaayzFaaaaaiaa-9% cacaWFVaGaa83qaiaa-nfacaWFAbGaa83laiaa-9cacaWFpbWaaSba% aSqaaiaa-jdaaeqaaOWaaSGbaeaadaqadaqaaiaa-bhadaqadaqaai% aa-9eadaWgaaWcbaGaa8NmaaqabaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWF9aGa% a8Nmaiaa-fdacaWFUaGaa8Nmaiaa-fdacaWFGaGaa83Aaiaa-bfaca% WFHbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaabaGaa8huaiaa-rhadaqadaqaaiaa-Tca% aiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaaaaa!7202! $$Cell{\left( I \right)}:{{\left( - \right)}Pt} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( - \right)}Pt} {{\left\{ {Eu_{3} RuO_{7} {\left( s \right)} + Eu_{2} O_{3} {\left( s \right)} + Ru{\left( s \right)}} \right\}}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\left\{ {Eu_{3} RuO_{7} {\left( s \right)} + Eu_{2} O_{3} {\left( s \right)} + Ru{\left( s \right)}} \right\}}}//CSZ//O_{2} {{\left( {p{\left( {O_{2} } \right)} = 21.21 kPa} \right)}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( {p{\left( {O_{2} } \right)} = 21.21 kPa} \right)}} {Pt{\left( + \right)}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {Pt{\left( + \right)}}$$ % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX!% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX% garmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYd% f9irVeeu0dXdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq% -JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaa% biGaciaacaqabeaadaqadqaaaOqaaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaG% qbaiaa-neacaWFLbGaa8hBaiaa-Xgadaqadaqaaiaa-LeacaWFjbaa% caGLOaGaayzkaaGaa8NoamaalyaabaWaaeWaaeaacaWFTaaacaGLOa% GaayzkaaGaa8huaiaa-rhaaeaadaGadaqaaiaa-veacaWF1bWaaSba% aSqaaiaa-ndaaeqaaOGaa8Nuaiaa-vhacaWFpbWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-D% daaeqaaOWaaeWaaeaacaWFZbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaa83kaiaa-vea% caWF1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-jdaaeqaaOGaa8Nuaiaa-vhadaWgaaWcba% Gaa8NmaaqabaGccaWFpbWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-DdaaeqaaOWaaeWaaeaa% caWFZbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaa83kaiaa-jfacaWF1bWaaeWaaeaaca% WFZbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaacaGL7bGaayzFaaaaaiaa-9cacaWFVaGa% a83qaiaa-nfacaWFAbGaa83laiaa-9cacaWFpbWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-j% daaeqaaOWaaSGbaeaadaqadaqaaiaa-bhadaqadaqaaiaa-9eadaWg% aaWcbaGaa8NmaaqabaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWF9aGaa8Nmaiaa-f% dacaWFUaGaa8Nmaiaa-fdacaWFGaGaa83Aaiaa-bfacaWFHbaacaGL% OaGaayzkaaaabaGaa8huaiaa-rhadaqadaqaaiaa-TcaaiaawIcaca% GLPaaaaaaaaa!7582! $$Cell{\left( {II} \right)}:{{\left( - \right)}Pt} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( - \right)}Pt} {{\left\{ {Eu_{3} RuO_{7} {\left( s \right)} + Eu_{2} Ru_{2} O_{7} {\left( s \right)} + Ru{\left( s \right)}} \right\}}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\left\{ {Eu_{3} RuO_{7} {\left( s \right)} + Eu_{2} Ru_{2} O_{7} {\left( s \right)} + Ru{\left( s \right)}} \right\}}}//CSZ//O_{2} {{\left( {p{\left( {O_{2} } \right)} = 21.21 kPa} \right)}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( {p{\left( {O_{2} } \right)} = 21.21 kPa} \right)}} {Pt{\left( + \right)}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {Pt{\left( + \right)}}$$ The Gibbs free energies of formation of Eu3RuO7(s) and Eu2Ru2O7(s) from elements in their standard state, calculated by the least squares regression analysis of the data obtained in the present study, can be given, respectively, by: % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX!% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX% garmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYd% f9irVeeu0dXdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq% -JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaa% biGaciaacaqabeaadaqadqaaaOqaamaaceaabaqefqvATv2CG4uz3b% IuV1wyUbacfaGaa8hLdmaaBaaaleaacaWFMbaabeaakiaa-Deadaah% aaWcbeqaaiaa-9gaaaaakiaawUhaamaabiaabaWaaSGbaeaadaqada% qaaiaa-veacaWF1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-ndaaeqaaOGaa8Nuaiaa-vha% caWFpbWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-DdaaeqaaOGaa8hlaiaa-bcacaWFZbaaca% GLOaGaayzkaaaabaWaaeWaaeaacaWFRbGaa8NsaiabgwSixlaa-1ga% caWFVbGaa8hBamaaCaaaleqabaGaa8xlaiaa-fdaaaaakiaawIcaca% GLPaaacaWFXcGaa8Nmaiaa-5cacaWF1aaaaaGaayzkaaGaa8xpaiaa% -1cacaWFYaGaa8hlaiaa-DdacaWF4aGaa8xnaiaa-5cacaWFYaGaa8% 3kaiaa-bdacaWFUaGaa8xnaiaa-zdacaWF3aGaeyyXIC9aaeWaaeaa% daWcgaqaaiaadsfaaeaacaWFlbaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaa-Tdaca% WFGaWaaeWaaeaadaWcgaqaaiaa-LdacaWFYaGaa8Nmaiaa-5cacaWF% 1aGaeyizImQaamivaaqaaiaa-TeacqGHKjYOcaWFXaGaa8xmaiaa-L% dacaWF0aGaa8Nlaiaa-LdaaaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaa8Nlaaaa!75B1! $$\left\{ {\Delta _{f} G^{o} } \right.\left. {{{\left( {Eu_{3} RuO_{7} , s} \right)}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( {Eu_{3} RuO_{7} , s} \right)}} {{\left( {kJ \cdot mol^{{ - 1}} } \right)} \pm 2.5}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\left( {kJ \cdot mol^{{ - 1}} } \right)} \pm 2.5}} \right) = - 2,785.2 + 0.567 \cdot {\left( {T \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {T K}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} K} \right)}; {\left( {{922.5 \leqslant T} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{922.5 \leqslant T} {K \leqslant 1194.9}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {K \leqslant 1194.9}} \right)}.$$ % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX!% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX% garmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYd% f9irVeeu0dXdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq% -JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaa% biGaciaacaqabeaadaqadqaaaOqaamaaceaabaqefqvATv2CG4uz3b% IuV1wyUbacfaGaa8hLdmaaBaaaleaacaWFMbaabeaakiaa-Deadaah% aaWcbeqaaiaa-9gaaaaakiaawUhaamaabiaabaWaaSGbaeaadaqada% qaaiaa-veacaWF1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-ndaaeqaaOGaa8Nuaiaa-vha% daWgaaWcbaGaa8NmaaqabaGccaWFpbWaaSbaaSqaaiaa-DdaaeqaaO% Gaa8hlaiaa-bcacaWFZbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaabaWaaeWaaeaacaWF% RbGaa8NsaiabgwSixlaa-1gacaWFVbGaa8hBamaaCaaaleqabaGaa8% xlaiaa-fdaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacaWFXcGaa8Nmaiaa-5cacaWF% 5aaaaaGaayzkaaGaa8xpaiaa-1cacaWFYaGaa8hlaiaa-jdacaWF1a% Gaa8Nnaiaa-5cacaWF2aGaa83kaiaa-bdacaWFUaGaa8xnaiaa-Dda% caWF5aGaeyyXIC9aaeWaaeaadaWcgaqaaiaadsfaaeaacaWFlbaaaa% GaayjkaiaawMcaaiaa-TdacaWFGaWaaeWaaeaadaWcgaqaaiaa-Lda% caWF5aGaa8xnaiaa-5cacaWFZaGaeyizImQaamivaaqaaiaa-Teacq% GHKjYOcaWFXaGaa8Nmaiaa-zdacaWFWaGaa8Nlaiaa-zdaaaaacaGL% OaGaayzkaaGaa8Nlaaaa!769D! $$\left\{ {\Delta _{f} G^{o} } \right.\left. {{{\left( {Eu_{3} Ru_{2} O_{7} , s} \right)}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( {Eu_{3} Ru_{2} O_{7} , s} \right)}} {{\left( {kJ \cdot mol^{{ - 1}} } \right)} \pm 2.9}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\left( {kJ \cdot mol^{{ - 1}} } \right)} \pm 2.9}} \right) = - 2,256.6 + 0.579 \cdot {\left( {T \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {T K}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} K} \right)}; {\left( {{995.3 \leqslant T} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{995.3 \leqslant T} {K \leqslant 1260.6}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {K \leqslant 1260.6}} \right)}.$$ The uncertainty estimates for Δf G o(T) include the standard deviation in e.m.f. and uncertainty in the data taken from the literature. more...
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- 2006
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182. Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica
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Syed Imteyaz Alam, Meehir Palit, Lokendra Singh, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Sisinthy Shivaji, Gundlapally S. N. Reddy, and Smita Dube
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DNA, Bacterial ,Geologic Sediments ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Clostridium ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Amino Acids ,Raffinose ,Psychrophile ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Isovalerate ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Cold Temperature ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Fermentation ,Propionate ,Clostridium subterminale ,Isoleucine ,Peptides ,Water Microbiology - Abstract
A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 °C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0·5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8·0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7·5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C15 : 0, C16 : 0and C17 : 0as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15Tis identified as a close relative ofClostridium subterminaleATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99·5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA–DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect toC. subterminaleand other members of the genusClostridium, AP15Talso exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15Tis identified as representing a novel species of the genusClostridium, for which the nameClostridium schirmacherensesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T(=DSM 17394T=JCM 13289T). more...
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- 2006
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183. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of neurotoxin gene from an environmental isolate of Clostridium sp.: comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins
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Lokendra Singh, Syed Imteyaz Alam, and Aparna Banerjee Dixit
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DNA, Bacterial ,Botulinum Toxins ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Neurotoxins ,Tetanus Antitoxin ,Biology ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Botulinum Antitoxin ,Mice ,Species Specificity ,Neutralization Tests ,Phylogenetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Escherichia coli ,Peptide sequence ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,DNA Primers ,Clostridium ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Genome ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Phylogenetic tree ,General Medicine ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Amino acid ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Structural Homology, Protein ,Clostridium botulinum - Abstract
A Clostridium sp. isolated from intestine of decaying fish exhibited 99% sequence identity with C. tetani at 16S rRNA level. It produced a neurotoxin that was neutralized by botulinum antitoxin (A+B+E) as well as tetanus antitoxin. The gene fragments for light chain, C-terminal and N-terminal regions of the heavy chain of the toxin were amplified using three reported primer sets for tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT). The neurotoxin gene fragments were cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced. The sequences obtained exhibited approximately 98, 99 and 98% sequence identity with reported gene sequences of TeNT/LC, TeNT/HC and TeNT/HN, respectively. The phylogenetic interrelationship between the neurotoxin gene of Clostridium sp. with previously reported gene sequences of Clostridium botulinum A to G and C. tetani was examined by analysis of differences in the nucleotide sequences. Six amino acids were substituted at four different positions in the light chain of neurotoxin from the isolate when compared with the reported closest sequence of TeNT. Of these, four were located in the beta15 motif at a solvent inaccessible, buried region of the protein molecule. One of these substitutions were on the solvent accessible surface residue of alpha1 motif, previously shown to have strong sequence conservation. A substitution of two amino acids observed in N-terminal region of heavy chain were buried residues, located in the beta21 and beta37 motifs showing variability in other related sequences. The C-terminal region responsible for binding to receptor was conserved, showing no changes in the amino acid sequence. more...
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- 2006
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184. Thermodynamic properties of the ternary oxides in the system Sm–Ru–O
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V. Venugopal, Rajendra Prasad, Aparna Banerjee, and V.N. Vaidya
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Electromotive force ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Thermodynamics ,General Medicine ,Oxide ion ,Gibbs free energy ,Crystallography ,symbols.namesake ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,symbols ,Ternary operation - Abstract
The Gibbs free energies of formation of Sm 3 RuO 7 (s), Sm 2 RuO 5 (s) and Sm 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) have been determined using solid-state electrochemical cell employing oxide ion conducting electrolyte. The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the following solid-state electrochemical cells have been measured: • Cell (I): (−)Pt/{Sm 3 RuO 7 (s) + Sm 2 O 3 (s) + Ru(s)}∥CSZ∥O 2 ( p (O 2 ) = 21.21 kPa)/Pt(+) • Cell (II): (−)Pt/{Sm 3 RuO 7 (s) + Sm 2 RuO 5 (s) + Ru(s)}∥CSZ∥( p (O 2 ) = 21.21 kPa)/Pt(+) • Cell (III): (−)Pt/{Sm 2 RuO 5 (s) + Sm 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) + Ru(s)}∥CSZ∥O 2 ( p (O 2 ) = 21.21 kPa)/Pt(+) The Gibbs free energies of formation of Sm 3 RuO 7 (s), Sm 2 RuO 5 (s) and Sm 2 Ru 2 O 7 (s) from elements in their standard state, calculated by the least squares regression analysis of the data obtained in the present study can be given respectively by: { Δ f G 0 ( S m 3 Ru O 7 , s ) / ( kJ mo l − 1 ) ± 3.1 } = − 3161.5 + 0.6528 ( T / K ) ; ( 969 ≤ T / K ≤ 1222.8 ) , { Δ f G 0 ( S m 2 Ru O 5 , s ) / ( kJ mo l − 1 ) ± 2.6 } = − 2151.0 + 0.4544 ( T / K ) ; ( 917.1 ≤ T / K ≤ 1240.8 ) , { Δ f G 0 ( S m 2 R u 2 O 7 , s ) / ( kJ mo l − 1 ) ± 3.1 } = − 2506.7 + 0.6345 ( T / K ) ; ( 1034.7 ≤ T / K ≤ 1221.1 ) . The uncertainty estimates for Δ f G 0 ( T ) include the standard deviation in e.m.f. and uncertainty in the data taken from the literature. more...
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- 2005
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185. Sporulation and Heat Resistance of Spores from a Clostridium sp. RKD
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Syed Imteyaz Alam, Lokendra Singh, Ram Kumar Dhaked, and Aparna Banerjee Dixit
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food.ingredient ,biology ,Clostridium tetani ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Spore ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Clostridium ,food ,chemistry ,medicine ,Agar ,Clostridium botulinum ,Z-value ,Food science ,Lysozyme ,D-value ,Food Science - Abstract
A Clostridium sp. RKD isolated from the intestine of decaying fish, showing 99% sequence identity with Clostridium tetani at a 16S rRNA level, produced a neurotoxin that was neutralized by botulinum antitoxin (A+B+E). It also showed an amplification of near-expected size when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using group- and type-specific primers for botulinum neurotoxin type B. The isolate exhibited differences with both C. tetani and Clostridium botulinum with respect to phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxo-nomic markers. Spore production was optimized with respect to media composition and stage of growth. Time-dependant examination of sporulation revealed 2.6% to 49.0% spores in the late stationary phase culture when grown in different broth media. A simpler method for spore production and isolation from culture grown in tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC)/anaerobic agar sandwich resulted in >95% sporulation, which could be purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2-step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, respectively. The z values of 7.86 °C and 10.47 °C were obtained in the linear and tail regions, respectively. The Weibull parameter b values at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C were 27.38, 3.55, and 0.99, respectively, with a z’ value of 13.869 °C. The shape parameter n at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C were 0.63, 0.55, 0.45, respectively. Spores produced on 2 different media (cooked meat medium [CMM] and trypticase peptone yeast-extract glucose [TPYG] agar) exhibited differences in heat resistance. The addition of lysozyme (50 jj.g/mL) before heat treatment resulted in increased thermal resistance of spores. more...
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- 2005
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186. Purification and characterization of thermo-labile alkaline phosphatase from an Antarctic psychrotolerant Bacillus sp. P9
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Syed Imteyaz Alam, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Lokendra Singh, and Ram Kumar Dhaked
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Phosphoric monoester hydrolases ,Bacillaceae ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,fungi ,Bioengineering ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Bacillales ,Bacillus sphaericus ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology - Abstract
A psychrotolerant Bacillus sp. from Antarctica produced an alkaline phosphatase in the culture supernatant. The strain showed 98.4% 16s rDNA sequence identity with Bacillus sphaericus. The 76 kDa protein was purified 11.1-fold showing alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity. Enzyme was optimally produced at 25 °C and pH 7.0. This cold active alkaline phosphatase is heat labile and gets completely inactivated at 60 °C in 50 min and is active in broad pH range. more...
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- 2005
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187. MILITARY POTENTIAL OF BIOLOGICAL NEUROTOXINS
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Syed Imteyaz Alam, Lokendra Singh, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, and Ram Kumar Dhaked
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Nervous system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,Sodium channel ,medicine ,Neurotoxin ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Mode of action ,Receptor ,Synaptic vesicle ,Ion channel ,Acetylcholine receptor - Abstract
Toxins are produced by thousands of living species for increasing their chance of survival by modifying the physiology of other species. They are used either for defense or predation. They vary in their structural complexities ranging from formic acid used by ants to the multimillion Dalton protein toxins produced by several bacteria. All the most poisonous, fastest-acting toxins are neurotoxins. They specifically affect the nervous system of animals, including humans, by interfering with nerve impulse transmission. There are four major components of the nervous system on which these neurotoxins generally act, namely, ion channels, acetylcholine receptors, synaptic vesicle peptides, and acetylcholine esterase. Six different receptor sites on the sodium channel have been described on which some of the biological neurotoxins act. Different protein and nonprotein neurotoxins, their structure, source, targets, and mode of action are discussed in view of the current developments. These neurotoxins have gained ... more...
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- 2005
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188. Solid state electrochemical cell for the measurement of Gibbs free energy of formation: system Ba–U–O
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Sukalyan Dash, Rajendra Prasad, V. Venugopal, and Aparna Banerjee
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Barium oxide ,Mechanical Engineering ,Analytical chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Solid-state ,General Medicine ,Electrolyte ,Gibbs free energy ,Electrochemical cell ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,symbols ,Physical chemistry ,Cubic zirconia - Abstract
The standard Gibbs free energies of formation of Ba2U3O11(s) and BaU2O7(s) have been determined using a solid state electrochemical cell, wherein calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) was used as the solid electrolyte. The cells can be represented by: (−) Pt /{ Ba 2 U 3 O 11 ( s )+ BaUO 4 ( s )+ U 3 O 8 ( s )}// CSZ // O 2 {p( O 2 )=21.21 kPa }/ Pt (+) and , (−) Pt /{ Ba 2 U 3 O 11 ( s )+ BaU 2 O 7 ( s )+ U 3 O 8 ( s )}// CSZ // O 2 {p( O 2 )=21.21 kPa }/ Pt (+) The standard Gibbs free energies of formation of Ba2U3O11(s) and BaU2O7(s) from elements in their standard state, can be given, respectively, by: Δ f G°( Ba 2 U 3 O 11 ( s ))( kJ mol −1 )(±6)=−5229.3+0.9709T( K ) 1009≤T ( K )≤1178.5 Δ f G°( BaU 2 O 7 ( s ))( kJ mol −1 )(±3)=−3243.8+0.6148T( K ) 1009≤T ( K )≤1206 . more...
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- 2004
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189. Gibbs free energy of formation of calcium rhodite
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Aparna Banerjee, Rajendra Prasad, and V. Venugopal
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Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Electrolyte ,Calcium ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mass spectrometry ,Electrochemistry ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry ,symbols ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Standard enthalpy change of formation ,Instrumentation ,Quadrupole mass analyzer - Abstract
The Gibbs free energy of formation of CaRh2O4(s) has been determined using two techniques viz., quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled to a Knudsen cell and solid-state cell incorporating CaF2(s) as the solid electrolyte. In the former method, equilibrium O2(g) pressures were measured over the phase field Rh(s)+Rh2O3(s), in the temperature range 793.7–909.1 K and over the three phase mixture CaRh2O4(s)+Rh(s)+CaO(s) was measured from 862.1 to 1022.7 K. The Gibbs free energy of formation of Rh2O3(s) from elements in their standard state can be given by Δ f G°( Rh 2 O 3 (s) ) ( kJ mol −1 ±2.0)=−363.2+0.241T ( K ). The Gibbs free energy of formation of CaRh2O4(s) from elements in their standard state can be given by Δ f G°( CaRh 2 O 4 (s) ) ( kJ mol −1 ±2.0)=−1030.5+0.3437T ( K ). In the electrochemical technique, the cell configuration employed was (−) Pt / O 2 ( g ),{ CaO ( s )+ CaF 2 ( s )}// CaF 2 //{ CaRh 2 O 4 ( s )+ Rh 2 O 3 ( s )+ CaF 2 ( s )}, O 2 ( g )/ Pt (+). The emf values were measured in the temperature range 879.7–1000 K can be represented by the following expression: E ( V) (±7.63×10 −4 )=0.3928−2.374×10 −4 T ( K). From the measured emf of the cell and requisite ΔfG° values from the literature, ΔfG°(CaRh2O4(s)) from elements in their standard state has been calculated and can be represented by Δ f G°( CaRh 2 O 4 (s) ) ( kJ mol −1 ±2.0)=−1079+0.390T ( K ) . The uncertainty estimates for ΔfG° include the standard deviation in the emf and uncertainty in the data taken from the literature. The slope and intercept of the above equation gives the entropy and enthalpy of formation of the compound at the average experimental temperature T av =940 K . more...
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- 2004
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190. A Report About the National Seminar on 'Contemporary Progress in Plant Sciences' (March 20–21, 2015); Organized by UGC Centre of Advanced Study-Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan
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Soumen Bhattacharjee, Pankaj K. Pal, Rajib Bandopadhyay, and Aparna Banerjee
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0106 biological sciences ,Engineering ,business.industry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Library science ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,business ,01 natural sciences ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,History of science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2016
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191. Standard Gibbs energy of formation of CaRuO3(s) using solid-state electrochemical cell
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V. Venugopal, Rajendra Prasad, and Aparna Banerjee
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Enthalpy ,Metals and Alloys ,Analytical chemistry ,Thermodynamics ,Heat capacity ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Electrochemical cell ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mechanics of Materials ,Ternary compound ,Materials Chemistry ,symbols ,Inorganic compound ,Fluoride - Abstract
The standard Gibbs energy of formation of CaRuO3(s) has been determined using a solid-state galvanic cell with CaF2(s) as the solid electrolyte referred to as the fluoride cell. The fluoride cell is represented by: (−)Pt/O 2 (g), {CaO(s)+CaF 2 (s)}//CaF 2 //{CaF 2 (s)+RuO 2 (s)+CaRuO 3 (s)}, O 2 (g)/Pt(+) The standard Gibbs energy of formation of CaRuO3(s) obtained by the fluoride cell can be represented by: Δ f G°( CaRuO 3 (s))/kJ mol −1 =−984.1+0.2841·(T/ K ) (815 K The slope and intercept of the above equation corresponds to the enthalpy and entropy of formation, respectively, of CaRuO3(s), from its elements at an average experimental temperature Tav.=934 K. Using the Neumann–Kopp rule the heat capacity of CaRuO3(s) was estimated. The standard enthalpy of formation of the compound at 298.15 K was then calculated by using estimated heat capacity data and the emf data obtained from fluoride cell and was found to be −995.0 kJ mol−1. more...
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- 2003
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192. Impact of Cargo Traffic Growth on Shipping Performance at Major Ports in India (1994-95 to 2009-10)
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Aparna Banerjee and Sudakshina Gupta
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Transport engineering ,macromolecular substances ,Business ,environment and public health - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the growth in the overall cargo traffic performance over the shipping performance at the major ports of India during the period 1994-95 to 2009-10. Some statistical tools like Bivariate and Multiple Regression Analyses with diagrammatical representations are used for the purpose. The paper concludes with the major findings that the shipping performance in terms of the growth of total vessels is significant in response to both the growth of total and category–wise cargo traffic respectively over the said period. This may be primarily due to the dominant rise in the total bulk cargo vessels rather than the container cargo vessels, though there is a significant growth in container traffic. In particular, the liquid bulk cargo has a greater impact on the growth of total shipping, though there is a significant growth of liquid bulk cargo in total cargo traffic. more...
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- 2015
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193. Mutations in GABRG2 receptor gene are not a major factor in the pathogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in Indian population
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Jyotirmoy Banerjee, Abuzar Ansari, Sarat P Chandra, Aparna Banerjee Dixit, and Manjari Tripathi
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gene mutation ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Exon ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Epilepsy surgery ,Gene ,Allele frequency ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,GABRG2 ,biology ,Amygdalohippocampectomy ,medicine.disease ,mutations ,030104 developmental biology ,GABRG2 receptor ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Neurology (clinical) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Aim: This study is focused on GABRG2 gene sequence variations in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). The GABAAreceptor is a heteropentameric receptor and alpha-1 beta-2 gamma-2 subunits combination is most abundant and present in almost all regions of the brain. The gamma-2 subunit (GABRG2) gene mutations have been reported in different epilepsy pathologies. In the present study we have looked for GABRG2 gene sequence variations in patients with mTLE. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (12 females and eight males, age 4.6-38 years) with MTLE were recruited for this investigation. Patients were recommended for epilepsy surgery after all clinical investigations as per the epilepsy protocol. Ethnically matched glioma or meningioma patients were considered as nonepileptic controls. During temporal lobectomy of amygdalohippocampectomy, hippocampal brain tissue samples were resected guided by intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) activity. All 11 exons of GABRG2 gene with their flanking intronic regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened by DNA sequencing analysis for sequence variations. Statistical Analysis Used: Comparison of allele frequencies between patient and control groups was determined using a c2 test. Results and Conclusions: Total five DNA sequence variations were identified, three in exonic regions (c.643A > G, rs211035), (c.T > A, rs424740), and (c.C > T, rs418210) and two in intronic regions (c.751 + 41A > G, rs211034) and (c.751 + 52G > A, rs 34281163). Allele frequencies of variants identified in this study did not differ between patients and normal controls. Thus, we conclude that GABRG2 gene may not be playing significant role in the development of epilepsy or as a susceptibility gene in patients with MTLE in Indian population. more...
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- 2015
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194. Thermodynamic properties of BaTeO 3(s)
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S.C. Parida, Smruti Dash, V. Venugopal, Ziley Singh, Rajendra Prasad, and Aparna Banerjee
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Vapor pressure ,Enthalpy ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Thermodynamics ,Barium ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Heat capacity ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Standard enthalpy of formation ,Gibbs free energy ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ternary compound ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
The standard molar Gibbs energy of formation of barium tellurite, BaTeO 3(s), was determined by the transpiration technique using pure oxygen as the carrier gas in the temperature range 1133 K to 1260 K. The condensate was exclusively identified as TeO 2(s) by chemical analysis. From a quantitative chemical analysis of the condensed TeO 2(s), the vapour pressure of TeO 2(g) over pure BaTeO 3(s) was calculated and is given by ln { p(TeO 2, g) / kPa ± 0.1} = 18.64 − 30863.2 · (K / T). The Gibbs energy of formation of BaTeO 3(s) was computed from the values of ln { p(TeO 2, g) / kPa} and the values of ΔfGmofor BaO(s) and TeO 2(g) taken from the literature and is given by { ΔfGmo(BaTeO 3, s, T) / kJ · mol − 1 ± 1.0} = − 856.5 + 0.2067 · (T / K). The enthalpy increments of BaTeO 3(s) were measured using a high-temperature Calvet micro-calorimeter in the temperature range 304 K to 1000 K. Enthalpy increment values are represented by a polynomial of the form { Ho(T) − Ho(298.15 K)} / (J · mol − 1) = − 39 190 + 118.96·(T / K) + 4.235·10 − 3·(T / K)2 + 9.975·105·(K / T), with an accuracy of ± 0.4 per cent over the interval (304 ⩽T / K⩽ 1000). more...
- Published
- 2002
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195. Calorimetric studies on Rb2U4O11 (s) and Tl2U4O11 (s)
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Rajendra Prasad, V. Venugopal, and Aparna Banerjee
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Specific heat ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Enthalpy ,Metals and Alloys ,Analytical chemistry ,Calorimetry ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Heat capacity ,Crystallography ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,Uranate ,Thallium compounds - Abstract
Enthalpy increments of Rb2U4O11 (s) and Tl2U4O11 (s) were determined using a high temperature Calvet microcalorimeter in the temperature range 301–735 K. The enthalpy increment values of Rb2U4O11 (s) and Tl2U4O11 (s) were least square fitted with respect to temperature and are represented by the following polynomial equations H°(T)−H° (298.15 K ) ( J mol −1 )=330.4 T ( K )+7.067×10 −3 T 2 ( K )+6.198×10 5 /T ( K )−106 865 H°(T)−H° (298.15 K ) ( J mol −1 )=368.2 T ( K )+1.244×10 −2 T 2 ( K )+1.375×10 5 /T ( K )−115 489 The heat capacity, Cp,mo(T) is the first differential of Ho(T)−Ho (298.15 K) with respect to temperature. The heat capacity for Rb2U4O11 (s) and Tl2U4O11 (s) can be represented, respectively by C o p (T) ( J mol −1 K −1 )=330.4+14.134×10 −3 T ( K )−6.198×10 5 T −2 ( K ) C o p (T) ( J mol −1 K −1 )=368.2+24.886×10 −3 T ( K )−1.375×10 5 T −2 ( K ) Other thermal properties have been derived from these equations. more...
- Published
- 2001
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196. Tempol Suppresses Generalized Seizures in Animal Model of Epilepsy.
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Dubey, Vivek, Dixit, Aparna Banerjee, and Banerjee, Jyotirmoy
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EPILEPSY in animals , *ANIMAL models in research , *SEIZURES (Medicine) - Published
- 2023
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197. Thermal properties of cerium and thorium tellurates
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Aparna Banerjee, K. Krishnan, and V. Venugopal
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Isothermal microcalorimetry ,Specific heat ,Mechanical Engineering ,Enthalpy ,Metals and Alloys ,Analytical chemistry ,Thorium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Thermodynamics ,Calorimetry ,Heat capacity ,Gibbs free energy ,Cerium ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Materials Chemistry ,symbols - Abstract
Enthalpy increment measurements on CeTe 2 O 6 (s) and ThTe 2 O 6 (s) were carried out using a Calvet micro-calorimeter. The enthalpy increment values were least squares analyzed, with the constraint that H 0 ( T )− H 0 (298.15 K) at 298.15 equals 0 and C p 0 (298.15 K) is equal to the value estimated by Kellog’s method. The dependence of the enthalpy increment with temperature can be given as: H 0 (T)−H 0 (298.15 K)(J mol −1 ) =189.95 T ( K )+15.226×10 −3 T 2 ( K ) +15.414×10 5 /T ( K )−63157 (CeTe 2 O 6 (s), 391.5–848.0 K) H 0 (T)−H 0 (298.15 K)(J mol −1 ) =191.34 T ( K )+14.993×10 −3 T 2 ( K ) +14.668×10 5 /T (K) −63300 (ThTe 2 O 6 (s), 391.5–909.3 K) Molar heat capacity C p 0 ( T ), S ( T ) and Gibb’s free energy functions were evaluated. more...
- Published
- 1999
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198. Gene expression analysis of drug transporters and biotransformation enzyme in patients with MTLE and FCD: A comparative study
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Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Devina Sharma, Manjari Tripathi, P. Sarat Chandra, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, and Arpana Srivastava
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Drug ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Biotransformation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gene expression ,In patient ,Transporter ,Neurology (clinical) ,Biology ,media_common - Published
- 2016
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199. RNA-Seq analysis of hippocampal tissues reveals novel candidate genes for drug refractory epilepsy in patients with MTLE-HS
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Aparna Banerjee Dixit, Jyotirmoy Banerjee, Arpna Srivastava, Manjari Tripathi, Chitra Sarkar, Aanchal Kakkar, and P. Sarat Chandra
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Neurology (clinical) - Published
- 2016
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200. Enthalpy increment measurements of Sr3Zr2O7(s) and Sr4Zr3O10(s)
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Aparna Banerjee, V. Venugopal, Rajendra Prasad, and Smruti Dash
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Mechanics of Materials ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Enthalpy ,Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Analytical chemistry ,Mineralogy ,Heat capacity - Abstract
Enthalpy increment measurements on Sr 3 Zr 2 O 7 (s) and Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 (s) were carried out using a Calvet micro-calorimeter. The enthalpy increment values were least squares analyzed with the constraints that H 0 ( T )− H 0 (298.15 K) at 298.15 K equals to zero and C p 0 (298.15 K) equals to the estimated value. The dependence of enthalpy increment with temperature can be given as: H 0 (T)−H 0 (298.15 K )( J mol −1 )=349.62 T( K )+7.621×10 −3 T 2 ( K )+89.814×10 5 /T( K )−135 041( Sr 3 Zr 2 O 7 (s) , 365.4≤T( K )≤980.6) H 0 (T)−H 0 (298.15 K )( J mol −1 )=427.85 T( K )+36.502×10 −3 T 2 ( K )+81.679×10 5 /T( K )−158 203( Sr 4 Zr 3 O 10 (s) , 365.4≤T( K )≤980.6) The first differential of the above equations with respect to temperature gives C p 0 ( T ). Gibb's functions were evaluated using estimated S °(298.15 K) values. more...
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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