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Objective In this paper we model the reduction in premature mortality associated with Noncommunicacle Diseases as a result of the establishment of a co-regulation agreement between the Portuguese Ministry of Health and the Portuguese food industry. We also assess whether Portugal is on track to meet the international targets of reducing baseline 2010 premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases by 25% by 2025, and by 30% before 2030. We also aimed to model the impact of the industry co-regulation agreement on premature mortality. Methods The 2015co-regulation agreement agreement between the Portuguese food industry and the Portuguese government sets targets of reducing sugar by 20%, salt content by 16% (30% for bread), and

info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

Copyright © 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc., Objectives: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Portugal and across the world. Atherosclerosis is the most common pathophysiologic process underlying CVD. Its clinical manifestations include coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study aims to determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of adult patients with atherosclerosis in a Portuguese primary care comprehensive administrative database.

Introducción. El cuidado de un miembrode la familia con dependencia para los cuidados personales es un procesocomplejo que afecta a la salud y al bienestar del cuidador familiar. Objetivos. Sistematizar la producción científica nacional sobre las implicacionesen la salud y bienestar de los que tienen a su cargo cuidar familiares com dependencia en el autocuidado. Método. Se llevó a cabo una revisión integradora, respaldada por el Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal entre los años 2000 y 2012, en la que se tuvieron en cuenta todos los documentos completos accesibles. Seutilizó el método PI(CO)D. Para el análisis de los datos se solicitó la intervenciónde dos revisores independientes. Se utilizaron los indicadores del Joanna Briggs Institute para analizar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados. Se seleccionaron doce estúdios principales. La mayoría de ellos se basaban en investigación observacional de tipo transversal/descriptivo, lo cual permite describir el perfil de los cuidadores familiares e identificar sus necesidades y los factores relacionados con la sobrecarga. Los resultados muestran una mayor sobrecarga/estrés en los cuidadores familiares de personas con demencia y con un nivel elevado de dependencia. La mayor sobrecarga está relacionada con una mala percepción del estado de salud, de la satisfacción y de la calidad de vida del cuidador familiar. Los niveles de sobrecarga asociada, depresión emocional y estrés son más elevados en las mujeres que en los hombres. Conclusiones. La naturaleza de los estúdios utilizados permite identificar el impacto que supone el cuidado de un familiar con dependencia para los cuidadores familiares. No obstante, es imposible analizar los resultados de manera dinámica a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo. Es importante centrarse en la investigación basándose en los mejores datos clínicos disponibles para potenciar la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica. POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007746 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objective: To update the recommendations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with biological therapies, endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheu -matology (SPR). Methods: These treatment recommendations were formulated by Portuguese rheumatologists based on litera -ture evidence and consensus opinion. At a national meeting the 11 recommendations were discussed and updated. The document resulting from this meeting circulated to all Portuguese rheumatologists, who anonymously voted online on the level of agreement with the recommendations. Results: These recommendations cover general aspects as shared decision, prospective registry in Reuma.pt, asses sment of activity and RA impact and treatment objec tive. Consensus was also achieved regarding specific aspects as initiation of biologic therapy, assessment of res pon se, switching and definition of persistent remission. Conclusion: These recommendations may be used for guidance of treatment with biological therapies in patients with RA. As more evidence becomes available and more therapies are licensed, these recommendations will be updated. publishersversion published

Objetivo: determinar o diagnóstico da situação sobre a documentação das quedas e risco de queda em pessoas maiores de 75 anos em unidades básicas de saúde da Espanha e Portugal. Método: estudo exploratório misto em duas etapas: (i) descritiva quantitativa de registros de queda selecionados aleatoriamente produzidos em um ano (597 registros; 197 espanhóis e 400 portugueses); e (ii) qualitativa, para conhecer a percepção dos profissionais de saúde, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas (72 profissionais; 16 espanhóis e 56 portugueses). Os âmbitos de estudo foram duas unidades básicas de saúde do Sul de Espanha e do Norte de Portugal. Resultados: nos registros de queda, o número de mulheres era maior. A presença de queda esteve associada com as variáveis idade, presença de demência, doença osteoarticular, quedas prévias e consumo de antivertiginosos. Os profissionais de saúde perceberam uma ausência de instrumentos de avaliação do risco de queda, assim como carência de programas de prevenção e falta de sensibilização sobre este acontecimento. Conclusão: as quedas são percebidas como uma área de atenção prioritária para os profissionais de saúde. Não obstante, existe uma falta de adesão ao registro de quedas e da avaliação do risco como consequência de problemas organizacionais, logísticos e motivacionais. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper presents an approach to assessing the cumulative fatigue under spectrum loading and simultaneous salt corrosion for aluminium alloys. Fatigue tests, in air and in 5 % sodium chloride solution, were performed with two different structural aluminium alloys (EN AW-6082 T6 and EN AW-7075 T73) using unnotched and notched specimens. The alloy EN AW-7075 T73 proved to be unsuitable for automotive applications due to its high susceptibility to corrosion. For fatigue lifing, a modified cumulative damage calculation based on the material susceptibility, which comprises the influence of salt corrosion on fatigue lifetime, has been proposed. On this basis, potential structural aluminium alloys for chassis applications can be evaluated and selected, prior to validation tests.

The oral controlled release (CR) formulations have become more important in recent years. Among them, the polymeric nanoparticles have been thoroughly studied during the last decades, consequently they are extensively employed for a broad range of applications and drugs. The objective of this research was to develop polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of ibuprofen with poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) as polymer, and to test their applicability for oral CR formulations development. Different proportions of drug/polymer were employed to develop the ibuprofen NPs and their in vitro release profiles were analysed. The in situ segmental permeability of ibuprofen was tested in Wistar rat and demonstrated the high permeability of ibuprofen in rat colon. In addition, in vivo assays were performed to study the plasma concentration-time profiles of encapsulated versus non-encapsulated ibuprofen. The results showed that ibuprofen release from the NPs was pH-dependent and consequently higher at colonic pH. Moreover, the plasma concentration-time profiles reveal a controlled release from the ibuprofen NP. Therefore, the ibuprofen PLGA-NPs will be a good CR formulation to achieve a controlled release targeted to the colon, where the release rate of the drug from the NPs will be the limiting factor for the absorption process.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion