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Copyright of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável is the property of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Food & Nutrition / Alimentos e Nutrição is the property of Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a quarantine pest that may be found as eggs or larvae on a number of fresh vegetable and fruit commodities. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation as a phytosanitary treatment applied to the 5th (last) instar larvae. Larvae were reared on an artificial diet. Each treatment of twenty 15–20 d-old larvae had 5 repetitions. The larvae were irradiated with doses of gamma radiation of 0 (non-irradiated control), 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy in a Cobalt-60 source (Gammacell-220) at a dose rate of 508 Gy/h. Pupation, adult emergence and hatching of F1 eggs were monitored. When the last instars were irradiated with100 Gy the rates of pupation, adult emergence and F1 egg hatch were 85, 39 and 50 percent, respectively, and the corresponding values in the non-irradiated control were 95, 85 and 90 percent, respectively. However, when the last instars were irradiated with 200 Gy, the pupation rate was reduced to 30 percent and adult emergence was reduced to 10 percent, and all of the adults that emerged were deformed, unable to fly, and died after about 2 h. Therefore, irradiation with 200 Gy is recommended as the appropriate dose for phytosanitary irradiation of S. frugiperda eggs and larvae. In addition this study supports the previously proposed generic dose of 250 Gy for eggs and larvae of lepidopteran pest species generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late pupal stage (pharate adult) of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) close to adult emergence was irradiated with doses up to 350 Gy to determine a dose that could serve as a phytosanitary treatment against Lepidoptera that may pupate in shipped commodities. Adult emergence was not significantly reduced below that of the non-irradiated control until the dose reached 200 Gy. Not until the dose had been increased to 150 Gy was the number of eggs laid significantly less than the control, and oviposition was completely prevented at ≥ 300 Gy. Egg hatch was not significantly reduced compared with the non-irradiated control until the dose reached 150 Gy, and no eggs hatched at ≥ 250 Gy. This study supports a generic radiation dose for pupae of Lepidoptera of at least 250 Gy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is one of the largest grain producers in the world, but its productive potential is threatened by the presence of stored product pests that compromise quality and quantity. The use of synthetic insecticides and selective pressure make many of these pests increasingly resistant to control. Concern for health and the environment requires the development of less toxic and persistent products for the management of these undesirable organisms. The insecticide activity of aqueous extracts of 15 vegetal species was evaluated to control grain beetles, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky in maize stored. The adult insects came from the laboratory at Biological Institute of São Paulo. They were fed with sterilized grains of maize and kept in a room at 25±2°C and 70±% of relative humidity. The plants for the aqueous extracts were crushed in distilled water and the vegetal mass was filtered next. The liquid resulting from the filtering process was stored in plastic containers and frozen for later use. Two tests were conducted: impregnation of filter paper and treatment of grains. Ten insects were evaluated in each batch. Only the aqueous extract of Dahlia pinnata Cavanilles was satisfactory in controlling S. zeamais showing an efficiency of 10.00% in the contact test and an efficiency of 56% in the treated corn kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytophagous mites are often quarantine pests of traded horticultural commodities, requiring phytosanitary treatments before the commodities can be exported to geographical areas that have quarantines against them. Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) is a treatment that is increasing in use worldwide. However, there are currently few accepted PI doses for mite quarantines, and the objective of this study was to critically examine the literature for reports that can be used to support PI doses and to recommend research toward widely applicable generic doses. Prevention of F1 egg hatch is the most viable measurement of efficacy that could be used for PI against mites because there are data supporting efficacious doses, and it is a measurement of efficacy that is acceptable to a number of plant protection organizations. A total of 22 studies on 14 species of mites provided data on doses required to prevent F1 egg hatch. Multiple studies were found pertaining to the phytophagous families Acaridae, Eriophyidae, Tenuipalpidae and Tetranychidae. Studies with the other important phytophagous family, Tarsonemidae, were lacking. Twelve of the 22 studies were of Tetranychidae, and half of the latter were of Tetranychus urticae Koch. Doses as low as 350 Gy might suffice for mites generally, but large-scale testing is lacking to confirm the adequacy doses needed to provide quarantine security. On the other hand it would be feasible to seek a different criterion or measurement of efficacy as an alternative to the prevention of F1 egg hatch in order to achieve a lower target dose with an acceptable level of low risk. Thus several approved PI treatments use prevention of significant development beyond the first instar in the F1 generation as the criterion (measurement) of efficacy. Thus, large-scale testing of mites could focus on prevention of the 1st nymphal stage, for example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriate heat processing helps to improve the digestibility and eliminate antinutritional factors present in grain. However, this process can be harmful, causing nutrient losses. The irradiation on grain can facilitate their cooking, and reduces the time for its softening. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible changes caused by irradiation in the time of hydration and cooking in conventional soybean and soybeans without lipoxygenase. The two cultivars ('BRS 232' - with lipoxygenase and 'BRS 257' - without lipoxygenase) differ in the amount of water absorbed, in time of hydration and time of cooking. Irradiation caused lower water absorption, but less time for cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) has a high yield of oil, with the potential to produce biologically active natural products and can be considered a new "superfruit" with high value added. Materials and methods. Acid value, peroxide value, refractive index, saponification value, p-anisidine value, relative density, iodine value, total oxidation value, specific extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm (K232 and K270), ΔK, and color were determined. Results. The most significant changes in the quality values, such as peroxide (26.25 mEq·kg-1), p-anisidine (11.41), acidity (14.66 mg KOH·g-1 oil), and total oxidation (63.92) were determined for 15 min of microwave heating. Conclusions. The microwave heating promoted the acceleration of oxidative processes showing that, overall, much care should be taken when heating the bacaba oil by microwave to avoid oil degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of genetic variability by the appearance of new genes of agronomic interest may be favored by the use of gamma radiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate different doses of gamma irradiation on dry seeds of VX04-5692 soybean line, aiming to increase the genetic variability and, with this, the identification of possible mutant plants. The doses of 0, 50, 150 and 250 Gy of gamma radiation were applied from a 60 Co source. The newly irradiated seeds were sown in the field, giving rise to the M1 cycle. Selected plants originated the M2 cycle. The number of seedlings was counted on the 21st day after sowing. Ten plants of each row were identified and evaluated for the various agronomic characteristics and for chemical composition. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The F test was applied and the results were presented by boxplots and biplot (canonical variables). There was effect of gamma radiation doses at plant height at full bloom and maturity, number of nodes, pods with one seed and seeds per pod. The use of gamma radiation increases the variability in soybean, with consequent increase in the probabilities of identification of new mutants and gains in the chemical composition, useful for breeding programs that aim at better agronomic performance and gains in oil and protein contents. More satisfactory results in the generation of variability are obtained by the application of gamma radiation on soybean dry seeds between 50 and 150 Gy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) has a high yield of oil, with the potential to produce biologically active natural products and can be considered a new "superfruit" with high value added., Methods: Acid value, peroxide value, refractive index, saponification value, p-anisidine value, relative density, iodine value, total oxidation value, specific extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm (K232 and K270), ΔK, and color were determined., Results: The most significant changes in the quality values, such as peroxide (26.25 mEq·kg-1), p-anisidine (11.41), acidity (14.66 mg KOH·g-1 oil), and total oxidation (63.92) were determined for 15 min of microwave heating., Conclusions: The microwave heating promoted the acceleration of oxidative processes showing that, overall, much care should be taken when heating the bacaba oil by microwave to avoid oil degradation.