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158. BACK PAIN AND FEVER.

Author

Jones, Cheryl A., Grossman, Moses, and Azimi, Parvin H.

Published
1994

175. Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Following an Ampicillin-Sensitive Bacteremia in an Infant

Author

AZIMI, PARVIN H. and COLE, KENNETH E.

Abstract

Recent reports have described an increase in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae infection.1.2 Ampicillin-resistant strains of H influenzae have recently been reported from many states.3 This is the report of a 6-month-old infant in whom, within a 28-day period, periorbital cellulitis and bacteremia followed by meningitis developed, both infections having been caused by H influenzae. The organism isolated from the first infection was sensitive to and the second resistant to ampicillin sodium.Report of a Case.—A previously well 6-month-old male infant was admitted to Columbus Children's Hospital with left periorbital edema, erythema, and a temperature of 40 C. Blood culture yielded H influenzae type b, sensitive to both ampicillin sodium and chloramphenicol.The infant was initially treated with ampicillin sodium (200 mg/kg/day) and methicillin sodium (200 mg/kg/day) administered intravenously for six days, at which time he was placed on a regimen of oral ampicillin (100 mg/kg/day),

Published
1977
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176. Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Newborn Siblings

Author

Azimi, Parvin H. and Cramblett, Henry G.

Abstract

• Two newborn siblings, one with meningitis and one with sepsis due to Listeria monocytogenes, were born to a healthy, 33-year-old woman. She had had a spontaneous abortion prior to the birth of these infants. In spite of negative cultures, persistence of this bacterium in the mother's genital tract and perinatal acquisition of infection is suspected.(Am J Dis Child 131:398-399, 1977)

Published
1977
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177. Mumps Meningoencephalitis: Prolonged Abnormality of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Author

Azimi, Parvin H., Shaban, Sedat, Hilty, Milo D., and Haynes, Ralph E.

Abstract

MUMPS meningoencephalitis is usually a benign self-limiting disease; its clinical features are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and meningeal signs. The clinical course is of short duration, and death or major neurological complications are rare.The patient with mumps meningoencephalitis described in this report is unusual because of the persistence of an elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level and pleocytosis.Report of a CaseAn 11-year-old boy was admitted to Columbus (Ohio) Children's Hospital on Aug 6, 1973. Five days prior to admission, earache, fever, vomiting, and ataxia had developed. The following day, his temperature rose to 40 C (104 F). His physician gave him an injection of penicillin, and ampicillin in a dosage of 500 mg orally every six hours was prescribed. In spite of antibiotic therapy, his illness progressed and he was admitted to the hospital because of confusion and visual hallucinations. At the time of admission, his temperature

Published
1975
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190. Sustained Within-season Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza-associated Hospitalization in Children: Evidence From the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2015–2016 Through 2019–2020.

Author

Sahni, Leila C, Naioti, Eric A, Olson, Samantha M, Campbell, Angela P, Michaels, Marian G, Williams, John V, Staat, Mary Allen, Schlaudecker, Elizabeth P, McNeal, Monica M, Halasa, Natasha B, Stewart, Laura S, Chappell, James D, Englund, Janet A, Klein, Eileen J, Szilagyi, Peter G, Weinberg, Geoffrey A, Harrison, Christopher J, Selvarangan, Rangaraj, Schuster, Jennifer E, and Azimi, Parvin H

Subjects
*INFLUENZA prevention, *INFLUENZA vaccines, *RESPIRATORY diseases, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *CHILDREN'S hospitals, *MULTIPLE regression analysis, *ACQUISITION of data, *VACCINE effectiveness, *AGE factors in disease, *MEDICAL records, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *ODDS ratio, *HOSPITAL care of children, *LONGITUDINAL method, *EVALUATION, *CHILDREN
Abstract

Background Adult studies have demonstrated within-season declines in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE); data in children are limited. Methods We conducted a prospective, test-negative study of children 6 months through 17 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 7 pediatric medical centers during the 2015–2016 through 2019–2020 influenza seasons. Case-patients were children with an influenza-positive molecular test matched by illness onset to influenza-negative control-patients. We estimated VE [100% × (1 – odds ratio)] by comparing the odds of receipt of ≥1 dose of influenza vaccine ≥14 days before illness onset among influenza-positive children to influenza-negative children. Changes in VE over time between vaccination date and illness onset date were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 8430 children, 4653 (55%) received ≥1 dose of influenza vaccine. On average, 48% were vaccinated through October and 85% through December each season. Influenza vaccine receipt was lower in case-patients than control-patients (39% vs 57%, P <.001); overall VE against hospitalization was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46, 60%). Pooling data across 5 seasons, the odds of influenza-associated hospitalization increased 4.2% (−3.2%, 12.2%) per month since vaccination, with an average VE decrease of 1.9% per month (n = 4000, P =.275). Odds of hospitalization increased 2.9% (95% CI: −5.4%, 11.8%) and 9.6% (95% CI: −7.0%, 29.1%) per month in children ≤8 years (n = 3084) and 9–17 years (n = 916), respectively. These findings were not statistically significant. Conclusions We observed minimal, not statistically significant within-season declines in VE. Vaccination following current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines for timing of vaccine receipt remains the best strategy for preventing influenza-associated hospitalizations in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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192. Long-term Consistency in Rotavirus Vaccine Protection: RV5 and RV1 Vaccine Effectiveness in US Children, 2012-2013.

Author

Payne, Daniel C., Selvarangan, Rangaraj, Azimi, Parvin H., Boom, Julie A., Englund, Janet A., Staat, Mary Allen, Halasa, Natasha B., Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Szilagyi, Peter G., Chappell, James, McNeal, Monica, Klein, Eileen J., Sahni, Leila C., Johnston, Samantha H., Harrison, Christopher J., Baker, Carol J., Bernstein, David I., Moffatt, Mary E., Tate, Jacqueline E., and Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica

Subjects
*ROTAVIRUS vaccines, *DRUG efficacy, *VACCINATION of children, *PUBLIC health, *HOSPITAL care
Abstract

Background. Using a multicenter, active surveillance network from 2 rotavirus seasons (2012 and 2013), we assessed the vaccine effectiveness of RV5 (RotaTeq) and RV1 (Rotarix) rotavirus vaccines in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits for numerous demographic and secular strata. Methods. We enrolled children hospitalized or visiting the ED with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for the 2012 and 2013 seasons at 7 medical institutions. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay and genotyped, and rotavirus vaccination histories were compared for rotavirus-positive cases and rotavirus-negative AGE controls. We calculated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) for preventing rotavirus associated hospitalizations and ED visits for each vaccine, stratified by vaccine dose, season, clinical setting, age, predominant genotype, and ethnicity. Results. RV5-specific VE analyses included 2961 subjects, 402 rotavirus cases (14%) and 2559 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV1-specific VE analyses included 904 subjects, 100 rotavirus cases (11%), and 804 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. Over the 2 rotavirus seasons, the VE for a complete 3-dose vaccination with RV5 was 80% (confidence interval [CI], 74%-84%), and VE for a complete 2-dose vaccination with RV1 was 80% (CI, 68%-88%). Statistically significant VE was observed for each year of life for which sufficient data allowed analysis (7 years for RV5 and 3 years for RV1). Both vaccines provided statistically significant genotype-specific protection against predominant circulating rotavirus strains. Conclusions. In this large, geographically and demographically diverse sample of US children, we observed that RV5 and RV1 rotavirus vaccines each provided a lasting and broadly heterologous protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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198. Your Diagnosis Please

Author

GROSSMAN, MOSES, AZIMI, PARVIN H., Diamandakis, Vickie, and Grose, Charles

Published
1994

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