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Differences between male and female coaches of female high school basketball teams in five areas of coaching philosophy were examined. The coaches shared a similar philosophy on most issues, regardless of gender. Female coaches were somewhat more conventional than male coaches of female teams. (JD)

Perceptions of work and leisure were studied in 393 high school and college varsity basketball players. Task attributes distinguishing perceptions of involvement as work and/or leisure were examined for effects on scholarship, gender, and school year. With constant task factors, the distinction between work and leisure hinged mainly on intrinsic motivation. (SM)

Results are reported from a study which assessed the validity of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) when administered to students (N=116) who performed a competitive basketball shooting task. The IMI is a flexible assessment tool that determines subjects' levels of intrinsic motivation as an additive function of four dimensions (factors). (IAH)

Using data gathered during a five-year participant-observation study of a major college basketball program, this paper examines the intense form of organizational loyalty associated with college athletics. Finds five essential ingredients for developing intense organizational loyalty: documentation, identification, commitment, integration, and alignment. Includes 65 references. (MLH)

Uses the Bem Sex Role Inventory to compare the sex role orientations of male and female collegiate athletes. Results indicate no significant differences for team sports players, but higher femininity scores for females in individual sports. (FMW)

Basketball experts (N=28) responded to "rule- and norm-related behavior" questionnaire, assessing crisis relevance of behaviors which were against rules of situation and were either fair or unfair, called or not called by officials. Results revealed that officials' calls and fairness of violations substantially influenced diagnostic relevance of behaviors contrary to expectations with regard to competitive psychological crisis. (Author/NB)

Women athletes have been successful in maintaining and/or increasing their conditioning and vertical jump levels when they participate in the in-season circuit training program described in this article. An exercise guide, sample individual score card, and photos of women practicing the exercises are included. (IAH)

A study of two junior high male basketball teams tested the ability of an intervention model to alter values-related behavior, perceptions, and moral reasoning of the experimental group. Results suggest the treatment was effective in positively altering sportsmanlike and unsportsmanlike behavior. (IAH)

A study of 56 fifth graders found the traditional physical education approach (game techniques and fundamentals) was ineffective in improving scores on a health-related physical fitness test. Modification of the same sport (basketball) with conditioning exercises to improve cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal function, produced improvement in three of four test items. (IAH)

Examined effect of competition on development of self-esteem among 201 participants in a recreational basketball league. Found that coach's assessments of ability and intention of participation were important factors in positive self-esteem development. Social aspects of peer interaction and parent influence also contributed to positive self-esteem but were minor elements in comparison to impact of the coach. (Author/NB)

Assessed effect of visuo-motor behavior rehearsal (VMBR) with videotaped modeling on basketball shooting performance. Six players on university women's basketball team were pre- and posttested on continuous free throws, noncontinuous free throws, and outside shots. Following five-day VMBR training program, subjects significantly improved in noncontinuous free throw shooting category. (Author/NB)

In general, basketball players with moderately high aerobic power who reside at an altitude of 1,000 m do not display the hypoxic response to an altitude of 2,200 m expected of sea level residents and aerobically trained athletes. (JD)

A combination of Eastern philosophy and cybernetics leads to a method of improving athletic skills (especially basketball) which is based on the theoretical basis of Maltz's philosophy of successful goal attainment. The method is relevant to the total educational process and to counselors. (SB)

The jump shot is one of the most important shots in the game of basketball. The movement analysis of the jump shot designates four phases: (1) preparatory position; (2) movement phase I (crouch); (3) movement phase II (jump); and (4) follow-through. (JN)

Investigates the relationship between athletic success and alumni contributions at 58 major U.S. universities. Football and basketball records over 10 years were correlated with the average contributions from each solicited alumnus and the per capita gifts to annual funds. Team successes in both sports correlated highly with alumni generosity. (AM)

This series of articles explores the various ways in which training procedures in both dance and athletics are compatible. Topics include: traditional and adapted dance class structures and materials; the inclusion of dance in the physical education curriculum; and the physical fitness of dancers as compared to athletes. (JN)

A study analyzed team cohesion perceptions of 515 male varsity basketball players (10 to 22 years of age) to determine if factors influencing team cohesion were a function of competitive intensity or of the importance of individual players to their team. Players with the most game playing time were more satisfied than those with less playing time. (Authors/JN)

Studied 2,000 athletes over 10 years at a major university. Found that athletes were less prepared for college and achieved less academically than the general student population. Found scholarship holders, Blacks, and participants in basketball and football to have the poorest academic potential and performance. (Author/GC)

Techniques to help update and improve the teaching of basketball are described, including: (1) drills to increase physical fitness and motor skill development; (2) the use of drill stations to practice specific playing skills; (3) offensive and defensive techniques; and (4) teaching free-throws and rebounding. (PP)

Tests are described that will objectively measure playing ability and discriminate between successful and unsuccessful basketball players. (JD)

The role of college presidents with regard to athletics programs, particularly intercollegiate programs, is explored, and factors that influence presidents' ability to control, such as financial concerns, alumni interest, background, and competition levels, are discussed. The roles of athletics directors, coaches, and athletes themselves are also examined. (JMD)

Shares the secrets of getting good basketball pictures, such as choice of lenses, position around the court, timing the shot, using a lot of film, and being prepared for anything to happen. (RL)

Describes how the discipline and sacrifice involved in playing competitive basketball can promote a continuing, self-rewarding challenge and test for the players and others involved. (JD)

This study sought to determine whether three groups of ninth-grade girls--interscholastic basketball players, interscholastic gymnasts, and nonathletes--were similar or dissimilar in seven selected motor characteristics. Only three of the seven variables (dash, stand and bob, balance test) significantly contributed to the discrimination among the means. (Author/SJL)

The effects of weight-training and basketball programs on four basketball skills were evaluated with a pre- to posttest study of ninth-grade boys. No significant differences or trends were found among groups on the front shot, speed pass, jump and reach, or dribble. (Author/RD)

The effects of outcome (winning, losing, no outcome) of leisure participation on leisure needs were investigated. Study of 438 male and female competitive and recreational basketball players indicated that successful and unsuccessful leisure experiences strongly shaped subjects' needs for leisure participation. (CJ)

Discusses a report from the National Collegiate Athletic Association, which indicates that fewer male basketball players are graduating from college. Four out of ten players graduated from Division I colleges, the lowest rate in 11 years. Many coaches take issue with how the statistics are compiled; however, the NCAA is considering new academic eligibility standards. (EV)

Most of the top women's basketball teams in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association have all- or partly male practice squads. Describes the advantages to the women and the male practice players. (SLD)

Explores why Black colleges continue to play guarantee games (in which prominent Division I men's basketball teams pay smaller teams a fee to play them) given the reality of losses by huge margins, and how they reconcile the need to earn money with the need for athletes to have a chance to be truly competitive. (EV)

Graduation rates of football players and men's and women's basketball players at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I colleges have reached their lowest level in seven years, with fewer black athletes graduating than at any time since the mid-1980s. Eight universities graduated at least 90% of athletes enrolling between 1989 and 1992. (MSE)

Graduation rates of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I scholarship athletes have shown the first across-the-board decline since the Association began publishing rates in 1990. Much attention this year has focused on male basketball players; only 41% of those who entered college in 1991 graduated within six years. Many leave to become professional athletes. (MSE)

A new study shows the percentage of black coaches of big-time basketball and football teams lags far behind both the percentage of black athletes on those teams and the percentage of head coaches in professional leagues for those sports. Some feel racial attitudes, a strong old-boy network, and black coaches' low profiles are barriers to hiring black coaches. (MSE)

College summer basketball camps and tournaments have become crucial to elite high school players wanting to showcase their talents to obtain college scholarships or gain attention of professional basketball scouts. Critics of the camp system feel it contributes to a "sick" culture in college basketball that devalues education and emphasizes money, charging that colleges and shoe companies benefit most. (MSE)