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The genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 is recorded for the first time from Laos in mainland Southeast Asia and four new species are described: P. crassa sp. nov. , P. retusa sp. nov. , P. senispina sp. nov. , and P. uniclavata sp. nov. Additionally, seven species are newly reported from the country: P. albisquama Kim & Park, P. apicisetifera Du & Wang, P. bitrigona Kim & Park, P. zolotuhini Lvovsky, P. parasuzukiella Wang, P. suzukiella (Matsumura), and P. spiraliola Kim. Distributional data and diagnoses and/or descriptions for all species in Laos are provided, along with illustrations of adults and genitalia., (Sora Kim, Yang-Seop Bae, Seunghwan Lee.)

Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells have a unique gene expression profile that is frequently accompanied by senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs). Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) downregulation can induce trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me3) and SAHFs formation by activating SUV39h1. Here, we present evidence that the PI3K-AKTmTOR-reactive oxygen species-p53 pathway is necessary for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation. CK2 downregulation promotes SUV39h1 stability by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation in a p53dependent manner. Moreover, the dephosphorylation status of Ser 392 on p53, a possible CK2 target site, enhances the nuclear import and subsequent stabilization of SUV39h1 by inhibiting the interactions between p53, MDM2, and SUV39h1. Furthermore, p21 Cip1/WAF1 is required for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3, and dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53 is important for efficient transcription of p21 Cip1/WAF1 . Taken together, these results suggest that CK2 downregulation induces dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53, which subsequently increases the stability of SUV39h1 and the expression of p21 Cip1/WAF1 , leading to H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation.

Barsine Walker, 1854 is one of the largest quadrifid Erebidae genera within subtribe Nudariina (Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini). It was established for its type species Barsine defecta Walker, 1854 (by subsequent designation, Kirby (1892)) from Nepal. The genus has in the past been treated as a synonym or subgenus of Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] (Hampson 1900; Strand 1917; Reich 1937; Daniel 1951; 1952; 1955; Inoue 1980; Holloway 1982; Fang 1991; 2000; Černý 1995). In 2001, J.D. Holloway revived Barsine as a distinct genus. The genus is widely distributed in eastern and southeastern Palaearctic and Oriental tropics and more than a hundred of valid species and subspecies were worked on by Fang (2000), Holloway (2001), Kaleka (2003), Černý & Pinratana (2009), Černý (1995, 2016), Bucsek (2012, 2014), Dubatolov et al. (2012), Dubatolov & Bucsek (2013), Wu et al. (2013), Kirti & Singh (2015, 2016), Volynkin & Černý (2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d, 2018a, 2018b; 2019), Bayarsaikhan et al. (2018), Joshi et al. (2018), Spitsyn et al. (2018), Volynkin (2018), Volynkin et al. (2018; 2019a; 2019b; 2019c) and Huang et al. (2018).

We have studied the adsorption properties of Xe and Kr in a highly microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework based on 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, named HOF-BTB. HOF-BTB can reversibly adsorb both noble gases, and it shows a higher affinity for Xe than Kr. At 1 bar, the adsorption amounts of Xe were 3.37 mmol g -1 and 2.01 mmol g -1 at 273 K and 295 K, respectively. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculation predicts selective separation of Xe over Kr from an equimolar binary Xe/Kr mixture, and breakthrough experiments demonstrate the efficient separation of Xe from the Xe/Kr mixture under a dynamic flow condition. Consecutive breakthrough experiments with simple regeneration treatment at 298 K reveal that HOF-BTB would be an energy-saving adsorbent in an adsorptive separation process, which could be attributed to the relatively low isosteric heat ( Q st ) of adsorption of Xe. The activated HOF-BTB is very stable in both water and aqueous acidic solutions for more than one month, and it also shows a well-preserved crystallinity and porosity upon water/acid treatment. Besides, HOF-BTB adsorbs about 30.5 wt%, the highest value for HOF materials, of water vapor during the adsorption-desorption cycles, with a 19% decrease in adsorption amounts of water vapor after five cycles., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The membrane glycoprotein CD200 binds to its receptor CD200R1 and induces tolerance, mainly in cells of the myeloid lineage; however, information regarding its role in solid tumors is limited. Here, we investigated whether CD200 expression, which is enriched mainly in high-grade head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), correlates with cancer progression, particularly the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The forced overexpression of CD200 in the HNSCC cell line, UMSCC84, not only increased the expression of EMT-related genes, but also enhanced invasiveness. The cleaved cytoplasmic domain of CD200 interacted with β-catenin in the cytosol, was translocated to the nucleus, and eventually enhanced EMT-related gene expression. CD200 increased the invasiveness of mouse tonsillar epithelium immortalized with E6, E7, and Ras (MEER), a model of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. siRNA inhibition of CD200 or extracellular domain of CD200R1 down-regulated the expression of EMT-related genes and decreased invasiveness. Consistently, compared to CD200-null MEER tumors, subcutaneous CD200-expressing MEER tumors showed significantly increased metastatic migration into draining lymph nodes. Our study demonstrates a novel and unique role of CD200 in inducing EMT, suggesting the potential therapeutic target for blocking solid cancer progression.

The genus Meganola Dyar, 1898 is reviewed for Korea, with 12 species, including the new species, Meganola parki Oh Cha, sp. n. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all the Korean species are provided, with a key to species of Meganola based on the external morphology and male genitalia. All known host plants are provided, some of them newly recorded.

Two new species of the genus Stictane, S. heppneri n. sp. and S. transversana n. sp. are described from Cambodia along with one newly recorded species, S. obscura (Inoue, 1976). A key to the Cambodian species of the genus Stictane with figures of adults and genitalia are presented. Moreover, adults of the little known three Vietnamese species of Diduga are illustrated herein.

Optical scatterfield imaging microscopy technique which has the capability of controlling scattered fields in the imaging mode is useful for quantitative nanoscale dimensional metrology that yields precise characterization of nanoscale features for semiconductor device manufacturing process control. To increase the sensitivity in the metrology using this method, it is required to optimize illumination and collection optics that enhance scatterfield signals from the nanoscale targets. Partial coherence of the optical imaging system is used not only for enhancing image quality in the traditional microscopy or lithography but also for increasing the sensitivity of the scatterfield imaging microscopy. This paper presents an empirical investigation of the effect of partial coherence on measurement sensitivity using a deep ultraviolet scatterfield imaging microscope platform that uses a 193 nm excimer laser as a source and a conjugate back focal plane as a unit for controlling partial coherence. Dimensional measurement sensitivity is assessed through analyzing scatterfield images measured at the edge area of periodic multiline structures with nominal linewidths ranging 44-80 nm on a Molybdenum Silicide (MoSi) photomask. Intensities scattered from the targets under the illuminations with various partial coherence factors and two orthogonal polarizations are assessed with respect to sensitivity coefficient. The optimization of partial coherence factor for the target dimension is discussed through the sensitivity coefficient maps.

Miltochrista Hübner is one of the largest genera of lichen-moths (family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, tribe Lithosiini) including more than 160 valid species and widely distributed in Oriental and Palaearctic Regions. The genera Miltochrista and the related Asura Walker for a long time were treated in a wide sense. Hampson (1900) considered the generic names Barsine Walker, Ammatho Walker, Sesapa Walker, Cabarda Walker, Mahavira Moore, Korawa Moore and Gurna Swinhoe as synonyms of Miltochrista, and genera such as Lyclene Moore, Nepita Moore, Cyme Felder and Adites Moore under Asura. Holloway (2001) revived the genera Barsine (=Ammatho, Mahavira and Korawa), Cabarda, Lyclene, Nepita, Cyme and Adiles and transferred most of species of Miltochrista to Barsine and Cabarda, and most of species of Asura to Lyclene, Adiles, Cyme and Nepita. Later, the genera Gurna and Sesapa were also revalidated by Volynkin (2016; 2017a). According to Holloway (2001) the main differences between Miltochrista and Lyclene are wing venation and number of cornuti. However, these features may vary within the genus, while the ground plan of clasping apparatuses of the two taxa is the same. For this reason, Kirti Singh (2016) synonymized Lyclene with Miltochrista. Volynkin et al. (2018) confirmed this synonymy and considered Miltochrista sensu Holloway (2001) as the M. miniata (Forster) species-group only.

The inflammasome is a specialized multiprotein oligomer that regulates IL-1β production. Although regulation of the inflammasome is related to crucial inflammatory disorders such as sepsis, pharmacological inhibitors that effectively inhibit inflammasome activity are limited. Here, we evaluated the effects of a phospholipase D1 (PLD1)-selective inhibitor (VU0155069) against sepsis and inflammasome activation. VU0155069 strongly enhances survival rate in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis by inhibiting lung inflammation, leukocyte apoptosis, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β. VU0155069 also significantly blocked IL-1β production, caspase-1 activation, and pyroptosis caused by several inflammasome-activating signals in the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). However, VU0155069 did not affect LPS-induced activation of signaling molecules such as MAPK, Akt, NF-κB, and NLRP3 expression in the BMDMs. VU0155069 also failed to affect mitochondrial ROS generation and calcium increase caused by nigericin or ATP, and subsequent ASC oligomerization caused by several inflammasome-activating signals. VU0155069 indirectly inhibited caspase-1 activity caused by LPS + nigericin in BMDMs independent of PLD1 activity. We demonstrated that a PLD1 inhibitor, VU0155069, shows anti-septic activity as well as inflammasome-inhibiting effects. Our results suggest that VU0155069 can be considered a novel inflammasome inhibitor.

In a previous study, the specific NOX1/2/4 inhibitor Ewha-18278 was confirmed as a possible treatment for osteoporosis both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the compound by intravenous (IV) and oral administrations to rats. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based and diazepam injection-based formulations were used to dissolve the compound. In the latter formulation applicable to humans, the changes in PK parameters were monitored at two different concentrations (1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero time to infinity (AUC inf ) of Ewha-18278 was highest in the DMSO-based formulation (2 mg/mL). Also, the concentration was increased 1.6-fold at the low concentration of the diazepam injection-based formulation compared to the high concentration. There was no statistical significance in the AUC inf of the compound between DMSO-based formulation (2 mg/mL) and diazepam injection-based formulation (1 mg/mL). These results suggest that Ewha-18278 can be delivered to humans by both IV and oral routes. In addition, the diazepam injection-based formulation of Ewha-18278 appears to be a suitable candidate for dosage development for future toxicity test and clinical trial.

Background The combined effect of transitions of metabolic health and weight on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of concurrent changes of metabolic health and weight on CVD over time. Methods and Results The study population consisted of 205 394 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Metabolic health was determined by fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure levels, while obesity was determined by body mass index. All participants were divided into either metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese, metabolically unhealthy nonobese, or metabolically unhealthy obese for each of the first (2002-2003) and second (2004-2005) health screening periods, after which participants were followed-up for CVD from 2006 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs. Among initial MHNO participants, those who became metabolically healthy obese (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.31), and metabolically unhealthy obese (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) had elevated risk for CVD compared with those who remained MHNO. Conversely, improving metabolic health and obesity were associated with reduced CVD risk among initially metabolically unhealthy nonobese to secondary MHNO (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84), metabolically unhealthy obese to MHNO (aHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.81), and metabolically unhealthy obese to metabolically healthy obese (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.80) participants. Conclusions Changes toward metabolically unhealthy or obese states resulted in increased CVD risk. Improving metabolic health along with reducing weight may lead to decreased risk of CVD.

Despite numerous studies on the molecular switches governing the conversion of stemness to differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), little is known about the involvement of the retromer complex. Under neural differentiation conditions, Vps26a deficiency (Vps26a -/- ) or knockdown suppressed the loss of stemness and subsequent neurogenesis from ESCs or embryonic carcinoma cells, respectively, as evidenced by the long-lasting expression of stemness markers and the slow appearance of neuronal differentiation markers. Interestingly, relatively low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were generated during differentiation of Vps26a -/- ESCs, and treatment with an antioxidant or inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (Nox), a family of ROS-generating enzymes, led to restoration of stemness in wild-type cells to the level of Vps26a -/- cells during neurogenesis. Importantly, a novel interaction between Vps26a and Nox4 linked to the activation of ERK1/2 depended highly on ROS levels during neurogenesis, which were strongly suppressed in differentiating Vps26a -/- ESCs. Moreover, inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) resulted in decreased ROS and Nox4 levels, indicating the mutual dependency between pERK1/2 and Nox4-derived ROS during neurogenesis. These results suggest that Vps26a regulates stemness by actively cooperating with the Nox4/ROS/ERK1/2 cascade during neurogenesis. Our findings have important implications for understanding the regulation of stemness via crosstalk between the retromer molecule and redox signaling, and may contribute to the development of ESC-based therapeutic strategies for the mass production of target cells.

We report high experimental p -xylene ( p X) selectivity in a pillar-layered metal-organic framework, DUT-8(Cu). Vapor- and liquid-phase adsorption experiments were carried out to confirm high p X selectivity and large p X uptakes in DUT-8(Cu). Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation results show that the presence of DABCO ligands allows for the packing of p X molecules and is responsible for the p X selective nature of the material. The simulation also suggests that the presence of isooctane solvents in the liquid-phase experiments plays an essential role by lowering the adsorption of other xylene isomers, and leads to increased p X selectivity in the liquid-phase as compared to the vapor phase. Density functional theory simulations show that the preferential arrangement is due to the preferential adsorption of p X on the DABCO ligand and the preferential adsorption of isooctane over other xylene isomers.

We hypothesized that NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is involved in the formation of neointimal atherosclerotic plaques through the migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to flagellin. Here, we demonstrate that TLR5-mediated Nox4 activation regulates the migration of SMCs, leading to neointimal plaque formation in atherosclerosis. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which the TLR5-Nox4 cascade mediates SMC migration, we analyzed the signaling cascade in primary vascular SMCs (VSMCs) from wild-type (WT) or Nox4 KO mice. Stimulation of VSMCs from Nox4 KO mice with flagellin failed to induce H 2 O 2 production and Rac activation compared with stimulation of VSMCs from WT mice. Moreover, the migration of Nox4-deficient VSMCs was attenuated in response to flagellin in transwell migration and wound healing assays. Finally, we performed partial carotid artery ligation in ApoE KO and Nox4ApoE DKO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without recombinant FliC (rFliC) injection. Injection of rFliC into ApoE KO mice fed a HFD resulted in significantly increased SMC migration into the intimal layer, whereas SMC accumulation was not detected in Nox4ApoE DKO mice. We conclude that activation of the TLR5-Nox4 cascade plays an important role in the formation of neointimal atherosclerotic plaques.

Four new species, Diduga bayartogtokhi n. sp., D. nigridentata n. sp., D. quinquicornuta n. sp., and D. hanoiensis n. sp. are described from Vietnam along with one newly recorded species, D. alternota Bucsek, 2014. Moreover, adult, male and female genitalia of Diduga haematomiformis van Eecke, 1920 are illustrated for the first time. A key to the Vietnamese species of the genus Diduga, with illustrations of adults and genitalia of examined species are presented.

Many efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines in DC-based cancer immunotherapy. One of these efforts is to deliver a DC vaccine more efficiently to the regional lymph nodes (rLNs) to induce stronger anti-tumor immunity. Together with chemotaxis, transendothelial migration (TEM) is believed to be a critical and indispensable step for DC vaccine migration to the rLNs after administration. However, the mechanism underlying the in vitro-generated DC TEM in DC-based cancer immunotherapy has been largely unknown. Currently, junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) were found to play an important role in the TEM of in vitro generated DC vaccines. This paper reviews the TEM of DC vaccines and TEM-associated JAM molecules.

Enhancement of hydrolytic stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a challenging issue in MOF chemistry because most MOFs have shown limitations in their applications under a humid environment. Meanwhile, inner sphere electron transfer has constituted one of the most intensively studied subjects in contemporary chemistry. In this report, we show, for the first time, a new conceptual coordinative reduction of Cu 2+ ion, which is realized in a paddlewheel MOF, HKUST-1, with a postsynthetic manner via inner sphere "single" electron transfer from hydroquinone (H 2 Q) to Cu 2+ through its coordination bond. H 2 Q treatment of HKUST-1 under anhydrous conditions leads to the single charge (1+) reduction of approximately 30% of Cu 2+ ions. Thus, this coordinative reduction is an excellent reduction process to be self-controlled in both oxidation state and quantity. As described below, once Cu 2+ ions are reduced to Cu + , the reduction reaction does not proceed further, in terms of their oxidation state as well as their amount. Also, we demonstrate that a half of the Cu + ions (about 15%) remains in paddlewheel framework with pseudo square planar geometry and the other half of the Cu + ions (about 15%) forms [Cu(MeCN) 4 ] + complex in a small cage in the fashion of a ship-in-a-bottle after dissociation from the framework. Furthermore, we show that the coordinative reduction results in substantial enhancement of the hydrolytic stability of HKUST-1 to the extent that its structure remains intact even after exposure to humid air for two years.

We examined the role of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury using a PLD2 inhibitor (CAY10594). 500 mg/kg of APAP challenge caused acute liver damage. CAY10594 administration markedly blocked the acute liver injury in a dose-dependent manner, showing almost complete inhibition with 8 mg/kg of CAY10594. During the pathological progress of acute liver injury, GSH levels are decreased, and this is significantly recovered upon the administration of CAY10594 at 6 hours post APAP challenge. GSK-3β (Serine 9)/JNK phosphorylation is mainly involved in APAP-induced liver injury. CAY10594 administration strongly blocked GSK-3β (Serine 9)/JNK phosphorylation in the APAP-induced acute liver injury model. Consistently, sustained JNK activation in the cytosol and mitochondria from hepatocytes were also decreased in CAY10594-treated mice. Many types of immune cells are also implicated in APAP-induced liver injury. However, neutrophil and monocyte populations were not different between vehicle- and CAY10594-administered mice which are challenged with APAP. Therapeutic administration of CAY10594 also significantly attenuated liver damage caused by the APAP challenge, eliciting an enhanced survival rate. Taken together, these results indicate that PLD2 is involved in the intrinsic response pathway of hepatocytes driving the pathogenesis of APAP-induced acute liver injury, and PLD2 may therefore represent an important therapeutic target for patients with drug-induced liver injury.

A new species, Grapholita diehli n. sp., is described and illustrated from northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Among numerous new species of Tortricidae from Indonesia is one represented by a single specimen collected in Sumatra in 1992. Extensive sampling by many collectors over the past two centuries has resulted in no additional specimens of this unusual moth. The new species is the first described tortricid with a large light area apically in the hindwing; numerous other species have the hindwing highlighted overall, only basally, or not at all. The more typical condition is uniformly colored hindwings.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells that recognize and present antigens to naïve T cells to induce antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Among the T-cell subsets, T helper type 2 (Th2) cells produce the humoral immune responses required for protection against helminthic disease by activating B cells. DCs induce a Th2 immune response at a certain immune environment. Basophil, eosinophil, mast cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells also induce Th2 immunity. However, in the case of DCs, controversy remains regarding which subsets of DCs induce Th2 immunity, which genes in DCs are directly or indirectly involved in inducing Th2 immunity, and the detailed mechanisms underlying induction, regulation, or maintenance of the DC-mediated Th2 immunity against allergic environments and parasite infection. A recent study has shown that a genetic defect in DCs causes an enhanced Th2 immunity leading to severe atopic dermatitis. We summarize the Th2 immune-inducing DC subsets, the genetic and environmental factors involved in DC-mediated Th2 immunity, and current therapeutic approaches for Th2-mediated immune disorders. This review is to provide an improved understanding of DC-mediated Th2 immunity and Th1/Th2 immune balancing, leading to control over their adverse consequences., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. The funders had no role in the design of the study or in the writing of the manuscript.

Halone Walker (1854) is one of the small genera within the tribe Lithosiini of subfamily Arctiinae (Erebidae). It was established for its type species, Halone sobria Walker, 1854, from Australia. The genus Halone is distributed in Southeast Asia (total 14 spp.: 3 spp. from India; 1 sp. from Thailand; 9 spp. from Malay Peninsula; 1 sp. from Papua New Guinea) to Australia (total 14 spp.), with 28 species described by several authors in various genera: Halone sobria Walker (1854), Setina sinuata Wallengren (1860), Pitane sejuncta Felder Rogenhofer (1875), Mosoda consolatrix Rosenstock (1885), Mosoda servilis and M. ophiodes Meyrick (1886), Sorocostia interspersa Lucas (1890), Halone coryphoea and H. ebaea Hampson (1914), Eurypepla pteridaula Turner (1922), Halone epiopsis and H. prosenes Turner (1940), Psapharacis camptopleura and Scaphidriotis xylogramma Turner (1899) from Australia; Halone furcifascia Hampson (1914) from Papua New Guinea; Halone ariadna, H. bifornica, H. dissimulata, H. oblimarea, H. pillea, H. iuguma, H. marketae, H. solitus and H. viktorai Bucsek (2012; 2014) from Malay Peninsula; Halone straturata Černý (2009) from Thailand; Aemene diffusifascia Swinhoe (1896), Aemene flavescens Hampson (1898), and Halone flavinigra Hampson (1907) from India. The genus is cataloged in Poole (1989) and Edwards (1996).

Zelleria Stainton, 1849 from the East Asia is reviewed. Zelleria asiatica Na, Bae Ponomarenko, sp. nov. is described from Korea and Russia. Three species are redescribed and provided with a key to species, illustrations of adult, male and female genitalia, diagnoses, and descriptions. Z. japonicella Moriuti, 1977 is reported from Korea for the first time.

We investigated whether SIRT1 is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during CK2 downregulationmediated senescence. SIRT1 overexpression suppressed ROS accumulation, reduced transcription of FoxO3a target genes, and nuclear export and acetylation of FoxO3a, which were induced by CK2 downregulation in HCT116 and MCF-7 cells. Conversely, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant SIRT1 (H363Y) counteracted decreased ROS levels, increased transcriptional activity of FoxO3a, and increased nuclear import and decreased acetylation of FoxO3a, which were induced by CK2 upregulation. CK2 downregulation destabilized SIRT1 protein via an ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in human cells, whereas CK2 overexpression reduced ubiquitination of SIRT1. Finally, the SIRT1 activator resveratrol attenuated the accumulation of ROS and lipofuscin as well as lifespan shortening, and reduced expression of the DAF-16 target gene sod-3, which were induced by CK2 downregulation in nematodes. Altogether, this study demonstrates that inactivation of the SIRT1-FoxO3a axis, at least in part, is involved in ROS generation during CK2 downregulationmediated cellular senescence and nematode aging. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(4): 265-270].

Bisphosphonate use was not associated with the risk of female breast, ovarian, or cervical cancer. The results according to bisphosphonate type or concurrent drug uses were not associated with the cancer risk. The protective effect of bisphosphonate use on female breast cancer was significant in the low comorbidity group., Purpose: Despite the antitumor mechanisms, the effect of bisphosphonates on the risk of cancer is still unclear. We investigated the association between oral bisphosphonate use and the development of female breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer., Methods: We accomplished a population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance Services (NHIS) database. A total of 204,525 participants were included in a cohort, and we identified the incident cases of each cancer from 2007 to 2013. We assessed cumulative bisphosphonate exposure from 2003 to 2006 using the defined daily dose (DDD) system. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented to assess the association between bisphosphonate use and cancer incidence using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess cancer development according to risk factors and concurrent drug use., Results: There was a total of 1547, 266, and 370 incident cases of female breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer, respectively, during the study period of 1,367,294 person-years. Bisphosphonate exposure was not significantly associated with risk of female breast (adjusted HR (aHR), 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.02), ovarian (aHR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.82-2.07), nor cervical cancer (aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.44-1.12). Further subgroup analyses also revealed no statistically significant effects of bisphosphonate use with various risk factors and concurrent drug use., Conclusions: Our study showed no significant associations between bisphosphonate exposure and female breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer. In the future, large prospective studies or a meta-analysis would be needed to verify the associations.

In this study, thermally conductive composite films were fabricated using an anisotropic boron nitride (BN) and hybrid filler system mixed with spherical aluminum nitride (AlN) or aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) particles in a polyimide matrix. The hybrid system yielded a decrease in the through-plane thermal conductivity, however an increase in the in-plane thermal conductivity of the BN composite, resulting from the horizontal alignment and anisotropy of BN. The behavior of the in-plane thermal conductivity was theoretically treated using the Lewis⁻Nielsen and modified Lewis⁻Nielsen theoretical prediction models. A single-filler system using BN exhibited a relatively good fit with the theoretical model. Moreover, a hybrid system was developed based on two-population approaches, the additive and multiplicative. This development represented the first ever implementation of two different ceramic conducting fillers. The multiplicative-approach model yielded overestimated thermal conductivity values, whereas the additive approach exhibited better agreement for the prediction of the thermal conductivity of a binary-filler system.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (Nox) has been shown to activate ADP-ribosyl cyclase (ARC), which produces the Ca 2+ mobilizing second messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). In the present study, we examined how ROS activates cluster of differentiation (CD)38, a mammalian prototype of ARC. CD38 exists in type II and III forms with opposing membrane orientation. This study showed the coexpression of type II and III CD38 in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The catalytic site of the constitutively active type II CD38 faces the outside of the cell or the inside of early endosomes (EEs), whereas the basally inactive type III CD38 faces the cytosol. Type III CD38 interacted with Nox4/phosphorylated-p22phox (p-p22phox) in EEs of LAK cells upon IL-8 treatment. H 2 O 2 derived from Nox4 activated type III CD38 by forming a disulfide bond between Cys164 and Cys177, resulting in increased cADPR formation. Our study identified the mechanism by which type III CD38 is activated in an immune cell (LAK), in which H 2 O 2 generated by Nox4 oxidizes and activates type III CD38 to generate cADPR. These findings provide a novel model of cross-talk between ROS and Ca 2+ signaling.-Park, D.-R., Nam, T.-S., Kim, Y.-W., Bae, Y. S., Kim, U.-H. Oxidative activation of type III CD38 by NADPH oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide in Ca 2+ signaling.

A new Lithosiini species, Eugoa leucomelaena n. sp. is described from Cambodia. A diagnostic comparison is made with Eugoa arida van Eecke, 1920, E. aridoides Holloway, 2001, E. grandipuncta Bucsek, 2008 and E. gracilisa Bucsek, 2008. Moreover, adult, male and female genitalia of E. arida van Eecke are illustrated for the first time. Illustration of adults, male and female genitalia of the new and closely allied species are presented.

Background/aims: Although naturally-derived antifungals have been investigated for their ability to inactivate Candida albicans, which is a major cause of candidiasis, they have shown a less than 3 log reduction in C. albicans or required treatment times of longer than 3 h. Thus, the naturally-derived antifungals used in previous studies could not substantially eradicate C. albicans within a short period of time., Methods: To improve the fungicidal effects of naturallyderived antifungals against C. albicans within short time periods, we developed composites showing antifungal synergism using caprylic acid (CA), carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (THM) for 1-10 min at 22/37°C. Using flow cytometry, we examined the mode of action for the synergism of these compounds on membrane integrity and efflux pump activity., Results: Whereas the maximum reduction by individual treatments was 0.6 log CFU/ml, CA + CAR/THM (all 1.5 mM) eliminated all pathogens (> 6.8 log reduction) after 1 min at 37°C and after 10 min at 22°C. The flow cytometry results showed that exposure to CA damaged the membranes in 15.7-36.5% of cells and inhibited efflux pumps in 15.4-31.3% of cells. Treatments with CAR/THM slightly affected cell membranes (in 1.8-6.9% of cells) but damaged efflux pumps in 14.4-29.6% of cells. However, the combined treatments clearly disrupted membranes (> 83.1% of cells) and pumps (> 95.0% of cells). The mechanism of this synergism may involve membrane damage by CA, which facilitates the entry of antifungals into the cytoplasm, and the inhibition of efflux pumps by CA, CAR or THM, causing their accumulation within cells and, leading to cell death., Conclusion: Antifungal composites (CA + CAR/THM) showing synergism (i.e., an additional 6 log reduction) within minutes at room/body temperature can be used to treat candidiasis and improve the microbiological safety of facilities contaminated with fungi as a novel alternative to synthetic antifungals., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© Copyright by the Author(s). Published by Cell Physiol Biochem Press.)

The genus Hergovitsia Bucsek (2012) is reported for the first time in Cambodia, for the new species, Hergovitsia longivirga n. sp. A diagnostic comparison is made with Hergovitsia magnifica Bucsek, 2012. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of the new and all known species are provided, with a key to the genus Hergovitsia on the basis of the external morphology and male genitalia.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) placement and fluorescence microendoscopic monitoring for determination of fibroblast cell proliferation after stent placement in an esophageal mouse model., Materials and Methods: Twenty fibroblast-specific protein (FSP)-1 green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were analyzed. Ten mice (Group A) underwent SEMS placement, and fluoroscopic and fluorescence microendoscopic images were obtained biweekly until 8 weeks thereafter. Ten healthy mice (Group B) were used for control esophageal values., Results: SEMS placement was technically successful in all mice. The relative average number of fibroblast GFP cells and the intensities of GFP signals in Group A were significantly higher than in Group B after stent placement. The proliferative cellular response, including granulation tissue, epithelial layer, submucosal fibrosis, and connective tissue, was increased in Group A. FSP-1-positive cells were more prominent in Group A than in Group B., Conclusions: SEMS placement was feasible and safe in an esophageal mouse model, and proliferative cellular response caused by fibroblast cell proliferation after stent placement was longitudinally monitored using a noninvasive fluorescence microendoscopic technique. The results have implications for the understanding of proliferative cellular response after stent placement in real-life patients and provide initial insights into new clinical therapeutic strategies for restenosis., (Copyright © 2018 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Three new species of the genus Diduga, D. dubatolovi n. sp., D. kohkongensis n. sp., and D. bispinosa n. sp. are described from Cambodia along with other five recorded species, D. albicosta Hampson, 1891, D. barlowi Holloway, 2001, D. amoenusa Bucsek, 2012, D. annulata Hampson, 1900, and D. alternota Bucsek, 2014. A key to the Cambodian species of the genus Diduga with illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.

Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest and senescent cells have a unique gene expression profile that is frequently accompanied by senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF). Here, we present evidence that CK2 downregulation induces trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me3), selective binding of HP1γ to H3K9me3, formation of SAHF, and reduction of cyclin D1 expression in HCT116 and MCF-7 cells. CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3 is associated with induction of H3K9 trimethylase SUV39h1 as well as reduction of H3K9 dimethylase G9a and GLP in cells. In addition, Pharmacological inhibition of SUV39h1 and G9a overexpression significantly attenuated induction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, H3K9me3 and SAHF formation in CK2-downregulated cells. Moreover, CK2 downregulation induced H3K9me3 in nematodes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CK2 downregulation leads to H3K9me3 and SAHF formation by increasing SUV39h1 and decreasing G9a., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In vitro generated dendritic cells (DCs) have been studied in cancer immunotherapy for decades. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying transendothelial migration (TEM) of DC vaccine across the endothelial barrier to regional lymph nodes (LNs) remains largely unknown. Here, we found that junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-Like (JAML) is involved in the TEM of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Treatment with an anti-JAML antibody or JAML knock-down significantly reduced the TEM activity of BMDCs, leading to impairment of DC-based cancer immunotherapy. We found that the interaction of JAML of BMDCs with the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor of endothelial cells plays a crucial role in the TEM of BMDCs. On the other hand, human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) did not express the JAML protein but still showed normal TEM activity. We found that MoDCs express only JAM1 and that the homophilic interaction of JAM1 is essential for MoDC TEM across a HUVEC monolayer. Our findings suggest that specific JAM family members play an important role in the TEM of in vitro-generated mouse and human DCs from the inoculation site to regional LNs in DC-based cancer immunotherapy., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In oriental medicine, centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans has long been used as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a well-known chronic autoimmune disorder. However, the molecular identities of its bioactive components have not yet been extensively investigated. We sought to identify bioactive molecules that control RA with a centipede. A novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (scolopendrasin IX) was identified from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Scolopendrasin IX markedly activated mouse neutrophils, by enhancing cytosolic calcium increase, chemotactic cellular migration, and generation of superoxide anion in neutrophils. As a target receptor for scolopendrasin IX, formyl peptide receptor (FPR)2 mediates neutrophil activation induced by the AMP. Furthermore, scolopendrasin IX administration strongly blocked the clinical phenotype of RA in an autoantibody-injected model. Mechanistically, the novel AMP inhibited inflammatory cytokine synthesis from the joints and neutrophil recruitment into the joint area. Collectively, we suggest that scolopendrasin IX is a novel potential therapeutic agent for the control of RA via FPR2.

Previously, we reported a molecular mechanism by which Ahnak potentiates transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling during cell growth. Here, we show that Ahnak induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to TGFβ. EMT phenotypes, including altered in cell morphology, and expression patterns of various EMT marker genes were detected in HaCaT keratinocytes transfected with Ahnak-specific siRNA. Knockdown of Ahnak expression in HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in attenuated cell migration and invasion. We found that Ahnak activates TGFβ signaling via Smad3 phosphorylation, leading to enhanced Smad3 transcriptional activity. To validate function of Ahnak in EMT of B16F10 cells having high metastatic and tumorigenic properties, we established B16F10 cells with stable knockdown of Ahnak. N-cadherin expression and Smad3 phosphorylation were significantly decreased in B16F10-shAhnak cells, compared to B16F10-shControl cells after treatment of TGFβ. Moreover, TGFβ failed to induce cell migration and cell invasion in B16F10-shAhnak cells. To determine whether Ahnak regulates the metastatic activity of B16F10 cells, we established a lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice via tail vein injection of B16F10-shAhnak cells. Lung metastasis was significantly suppressed in mice injected with B16F10-shAhnak cells, compared to those injected with B16F10-shControl cells. Taken together, we propose that TGFβ-Ahnak signaling axis regulates EMT during tumor metastasis.

A checklist of the genus Poliosia Hampson, 1900 is provided, along with a key for the Cambodian species, which includes the new species P. cardamomensis Bayarsaikhan Bae, n. sp. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all three Cambodian species are presented.

Mitochondria are well known for their important roles in oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation and ion homeostasis. Although the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on tumorigenesis in various cancer cells have been reported, the correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer development and metastasis has not been well elucidated. In the present study, the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on EMT and migration in lung cancer cells were investigated using inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, oligomycin A and antimycin A. Oligomycin A and antimycin A induced distinct mesenchymal‑like morphological features in H23, H1793 and A549 lung cancer cells. In addition, they decreased the expression levels of the epithelial marker protein E‑cadherin, but increased the expression levels of the mesenchymal marker proteins Vimentin, Snail and Slug. The results of immunofluorescence staining indicated that oligomycin A and antimycin A downregulated cortical E‑cadherin expression and upregulated the expression of Vimentin. In addition, oligomycin A and antimycin A increased the migration and invasion of A549 lung cancer cells, and promoted the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑protein kinase B (AKT) and p‑AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). Notably, the production of reactive oxygen species by oligomycin A and antimycin A did not affect the expression of EMT protein markers. Conversely, treatment with the AKT inhibitor wortmannin and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C upregulated E‑cadherin and downregulated Vimentin expression. These results suggested that oligomycin A and antimycin A may induce migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by inducing EMT via the upregulation of p‑AKT and p‑AMPK expression.

A highly robust porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) constructed by 4,4',4''-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzoic acid) not only achieves the highest uptakes of ethylene and ethane among the HOF materials, but also exhibits unusual adsorption selectivity of C2H6 over other C2 gases. Besides, it exhibits the second highest acetylene uptake among all the reported HOF materials.

Olefin/paraffin separation is an important and challenging issue because the two molecules have similar physicochemical properties. Although a couple of olefin adsorbents have been developed by introducing inorganic nanoparticles into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), there has been no study on the development of an olefin adsorbent by introducing a certain organic functional group into a MOF. In this study, we posited that azo compounds could offer olefin/paraffin selectivity. We have revealed using first-principles calculations that the simplest aromatic azo compound (azobenzene, Azob) has an unusual propylene/propane selectivity due to special electrostatic interactions between Azob and propylene molecules. On the basis of this interesting discovery, we have synthesized a novel propylene adsorbent, MIL-101(Cr)_DAA, by grafting 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene (DAA) into open metal sites in a mesoporous MIL-101(Cr). Remarkably, MIL-101(Cr)_DAA exhibited enhanced propylene/propane selectivity as well as considerably higher propylene heat of adsorption compared to pristine MIL-101(Cr) while maintaining the high working capacity of MIL-101(Cr). This clearly indicates that azo compounds when introduced into MOFs can provide propylene selectivity. Moreover, MIL-101(Cr)_DAA showed good C 3 H 6 /C 3 H 8 separation and easy regeneration performances from packed-bed breakthrough experiments and retained its propylene adsorption capacity even after exposure to air for 12 h. As far as we know, this is the first study that improves the olefin selectivity of MOF by postsynthetically introducing an organic functional group.

AHNAK is known to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer due to its ability to activate the TGFβ signaling pathway. However, the role of AHNAK in lung tumor development and progression remains unknown. Here, the Ahnak gene was disrupted to determine its effect on lung tumorigenesis and the mechanism by which it triggers lung tumor development was investigated. First, AHNAK protein expression was determined to be decreased in human lung adenocarcinomas compared with matched nonneoplastic lung tissues. Then, Ahnak -/- mice were used to investigate the role of AHNAK in pulmonary tumorigenesis. Ahnak -/- mice showed increased lung volume and thicker alveolar walls with type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. Most importantly, approximately 20% of aged Ahnak -/- mice developed lung tumors, and Ahnak -/- mice were more susceptible to urethane-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis than wild-type mice. Mechanistically, Ahnak deficiency promotes the cell growth of lung epithelial cells by suppressing the TGFβ signaling pathway. In addition, increased numbers of M2-like alveolar macrophages (AM) were observed in Ahnak -/- lungs, and the depletion of AMs in Ahnak -/- lungs alleviated lung hyperplastic lesions, suggesting that M2-like AMs promoted the progression of lung hyperplastic lesions in Ahnak-null mice. Collectively, AHNAK suppresses type II pneumocyte proliferation and inhibits tumor-promoting M2 alternative activation of macrophages in mouse lung tissue. These results suggest that AHNAK functions as a novel tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Implications: The tumor suppressor function of AHNAK, in murine lungs, occurs by suppressing alveolar epithelial cell proliferation and modulating lung microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1287-98. ©2018 AACR ., (©2018 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Emergency granulopoiesis is a very important strategy to supply efficient neutrophil number in response to infection. However, molecular mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. Here, we found that administration of WKYMVm, an immune modulating peptide, to septic mice strongly increased neutrophil number through augmented emergency granulopoiesis. WKYMVm-induced emergency granulopoiesis was blocked not only by a formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) antagonist (WRW4), but also by FPR2 deficiency. As progenitors of neutrophils, Lin-c-kit＋Sca-1- cells expressed FPR2. WKYMVm-induced emergency granulopoiesis was also blocked by a phospholipase C inhibitor (U-73122). These results suggest that WKYMVm can stimulate emergency granulopoiesis via FPR2 and phospholipase C enzymatic activity. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(8): 418-423].

The genus Anthozela Meyrick (1913) is reported for the first time from Vietnam, represented by the new species Anthozela cypriflammella Heppner Bae, n. sp. A list of the species of Anthozela and related genera is provided.

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) reduces lipid raft abundance by augmenting the removal of excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Here, we report that AIBP prevents and reverses processes associated with neuroinflammatory-mediated spinal nociceptive processing. The mechanism involves AIBP binding to Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and increased binding of AIBP to activated microglia, which mediates selective regulation of lipid rafts in inflammatory cells. AIBP-mediated lipid raft reductions downregulate LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization, inflammatory signaling, and expression of cytokines in microglia. In mice, intrathecal injections of AIBP reduce spinal myeloid cell lipid rafts, TLR4 dimerization, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. Intrathecal AIBP reverses established allodynia in mice in which pain states were induced by the chemotherapeutic cisplatin, intraplantar formalin, or intrathecal LPS, all of which are pro-nociceptive interventions known to be regulated by TLR4 signaling. These findings demonstrate a mechanism by which AIBP regulates neuroinflammation and suggest the therapeutic potential of AIBP in treating preexisting pain states., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Nine species of the genus Promalactis Meyrick, 1908 are recorded from Cambodia. Eight species are described as new: P. latiuscula Wang, sp. nov., P. curvicornuta Wang, sp. nov., P. ostacantha Wang, sp. nov., P. apicuncata Wang, sp. nov., P. granulosa Wang, sp. nov., P. argentifasciaria Wang, sp. nov., P. quadrilobata Wang, sp. nov. and P. trifasciata Wang, sp. nov. One species is newly recorded for Cambodia: P. carinata Du, Li et Wang, 2011. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided.

Microlithosia Daniel, 1954 from Laos is reviewed. A new species, Microlithosia laosana Bayarsaikhan Bae, n. sp., is described along with two newly recorded species, M. umbripuncta (de Joannis, 1928) and M. nanlingica Dubatolov, Kishida Wang, 2012. Illustrations of adults and male genitalia are provided. The checklist of the genus is updated.

We have previously shown that phospholipase D (PLD) downregulation accelerates cellular senescence, which is widely believed to play an important role in aging, by stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in human cells. In this study, we examined the role of PLD in aging using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The mRNA level of pld-1 was found to be inversely correlated with aging. RNAi-mediated knockdown of pld-1 expression in nematodes enhanced ROS and lipofuscin accumulation and decreased lifespan, motility, and resistance to stress compared to that in nematodes treated with control RNAi. Pld-1 knockdown repressed the long lifespan of age-1 and akt-1 mutants but did not further reduce the short lifespan of daf-16 mutants, suggesting that PLD functions between AKT-1 and DAF-16. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a PLD effector phosphatidic acid and a possible CK2 activator spermidine attenuated the lifespan shortening and age-related biomarkers triggered by pld-1 knockdown. Pld-1 RNAi downregulated the expression of DAF-16 target genes such as sod-3, dod-11, and mtl-1 in nematodes. In human cells, furthermore, PLD2 downregulation decreased the transcription of FoxO3a target genes (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, catalase, thioredoxin-2, and peroxiredoxin-5), whereas ectopic PLD2 expression elevated the mRNA levels of these antioxidant genes. Taken together, these results indicated that PLD downregulation shortens longevity and induces age-related biomarkers through ROS accumulation by inhibiting the DAF-16/FoxO3a pathway in nematodes.

Eugoa Walker (Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from Cambodia is reviewed. The genus counts with 20 species in this country, including Eugoa arguta Bayarsaikhan Bae, n. sp., and three newly recorded species, E. vasta van Eecke, 1920, rest. comb., E. formosicola (Matsumura, 1927), n. st. and E. kuznetzovi Dubatolov Bucsek, 2016. Besides our revalidation of Eugoa bipunctata formosicola as a valid species, it was also discovered to have a synonym: E. cesaneki Bucsek, 2008 n. syn. Moreover, females of E. lucea Bucsek, 2012, E. nata Dubatolov Bucsek, 2013, and E. kuznetzovi Dubatolov Bucsek, 2016 are described and illustrated for the first time. A key to the Cambodian species of the genus Eugoa with illustration of adults and genitalia are provided.