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Plant phenology, which describes the timing of plant development, is a major aspect of plant response to environment and for crops, a major determinant of yield. Many studies have focused on comparing model equations for describing how phenology responds to climate but the effect of crop model calibration, also important for determining model performance, has received much less attention. The objectives here were to obtain a rigorous evaluation of prediction capability of wheat phenology models, to analyze the role of calibration and to document the various calibration approaches. The 27 participants in this multi-model study were provided experimental data for calibration and asked to submit predictions for sites and years not represented in those data. Participants were instructed to use and document their “usual” calibration approach. Overall, the models provided quite good predictions of phenology (median of mean absolute error of 6.1 days) and did much better than simply using the average of observed values as predictor. The results suggest that calibration can compensate to some extent for different model formulations, specifically for differences in simulated time to emergence and differences in the choice of input variables. Conversely, different calibration approaches were associated with major differences in prediction error between the same models used by different groups. Given the large diversity of calibration approaches and the importance of calibration, there is a clear need for guidelines and tools to aid with calibration. Arguably the most important and difficult choice for calibration is the choice of parameters to estimate. Several recommendations for calibration practices are proposed. Model applications, including model studies of climate change impact, should focus more on the data used for calibration and on the calibration methods employed.

The therapeutic potential of Baccharis anomala DC. extracts was evaluated through its cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect and their phenotypic reversion property in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Baccharis anomala is distributed in Brazil (southeastern and south regions) and used for diuretic effect in folk medicine. Four fractions were obtained from the fractionation of the methanolic extract. Fractions III and IV decreased cell proliferation without increasing cell necrosis markers levels and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Fraction III induced phenotypic reversion through PPAR-γ activation pathway, while fraction IV did not alter PPAR-α/γ expression levels, suggesting that there is an independent PPAR-α/γ pathway involved. Hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and coumaric acids were identified. Fractions III and IV showed antiproliferative effect and ability to induce reversion of activated phenotype of HSCs., EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019

Submitted by tgoncalv@stj.jus.br (tgoncalv@stj.jus.br) on 2019-07-12T20:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 seguranca_juridica_tributaria_becho.pdf: 213869 bytes, checksum: ca91af17e7d2aa5dfd5473c04ed664ff (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by rsmoira@stj.jus.br (rsmoira@stj.jus.br) on 2019-07-15T20:21:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 seguranca_juridica_tributaria_becho.pdf: 213869 bytes, checksum: ca91af17e7d2aa5dfd5473c04ed664ff (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-15T20:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 seguranca_juridica_tributaria_becho.pdf: 213869 bytes, checksum: ca91af17e7d2aa5dfd5473c04ed664ff (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The therapeutic potential of Baccharis anomala DC. extracts was evaluated through its cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect and their phenotypic reversion property in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Baccharis anomala is distributed in Brazil (southeastern and south regions) and used for diuretic effect in folk medicine. Four fractions were obtained from the fractionation of the methanolic extract. Fractions III and IV decreased cell proliferation without increasing cell necrosis markers levels and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Fraction III induced phenotypic reversion through PPAR-γ activation pathway, while fraction IV did not alter PPAR-α/γ expression levels, suggesting that there is an independent PPAR-α/γ pathway involved. Hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and coumaric acids were identified. Fractions III and IV showed antiproliferative effect and ability to induce reversion of activated phenotype of HSCs., EXCLI Journal; 18:Doc91; ISSN 1611-2156

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as contribui??es do OA ?Batalha do Milh?o? para o rendimento dos alunos em matem?tica, bem como analisar a percep??o dos estudantes do 6? ano do Ensino Fundamental sobre o uso do OA em sala de aula, identificar altera??es de resultados em avalia??es com a aplica??o do OA, e avaliar a pertin?ncia da utiliza??o do OA no ensino de matem?tica, na vis?o dos estudantes e pela an?lise dos resultados obtidos. Foi feita uma an?lise do referencial te?rico sobre objetos de aprendizagem e as caracter?sticas necess?rias para ser considerado como tal. Ao se confirmar que a ferramenta utilizada se tratava de um OA, fez-se primeiramente uma avalia??o em formato de prova para avaliar os conhecimentos dos alunos a partir das aulas tradicionais. Em seguida foi feita a aplica??o do OA com os estudantes, e depois uma nova avalia??o para avaliar os conhecimentos. A partir de um question?rio com perguntas abertas e fechadas e de uma an?lise estat?stica do rendimento dos alunos nas duas avalia??es, p?de-se verificar que houve um melhor aproveitamento dos conte?dos e uma melhora nas notas. Al?m disso, observou-se tamb?m uma satisfa??o por parte dos estudantes, que consideraram ter melhorado os seus conhecimentos e aprendizado com um objeto que lhes proporcionou divers?o e entretenimento. Destacou-se a intera??o durante as perguntas e a an?lise de erros, passando o professor a ser um mediador e n?o somente um transmissor de conhecimentos, e o aluno um protagonista de sua aprendizagem. This research has aimed to analyze the contributions of LO (Learning Objects) ?Batalha do Milh?o? upon the Mathematics students? output, as well as analyze 6th grade students? perceptions about the LO application in the classroom, identify changes in results in evaluations based on the use of LO and, evaluate the importance of using this to teach Mathematics under the student?s opinion after their results. An analysis of the LO theory and its characteristics was made to check which ones could be classified as LO. After confirming that the tool used fit the LO characteristics, a test based on traditional classes was applied to the students. Afterwards LO based activities were applied to the students who had another test to check their knowledge. From a questionnaire made of open and closed questions, some statistic data from both tests was rated showing the result was better score and understanding of the contents in the second term. Besides, the students showed themselves more satisfied, perceiving more learning and fun through the LO activities. Interactivity during the activities and analysis of their mistakes was noticed, turning the teacher more into a mediator of the tasks, rather than the author of any teaching, and yet, the students the protagonists of their own learning process. Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

Submitted by Eliana null (leila@stj.jus.br) on 2018-06-26T15:40:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 contratualismo_fiscal_mecanismo_basso.pdf: 266039 bytes, checksum: bad473129eb26945a5c5494a42fa2276 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by gvieirac@stj.jus.br (gvieirac@stj.jus.br) on 2018-06-27T12:00:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 contratualismo_fiscal_mecanismo_basso.pdf: 266039 bytes, checksum: bad473129eb26945a5c5494a42fa2276 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T12:00:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 contratualismo_fiscal_mecanismo_basso.pdf: 266039 bytes, checksum: bad473129eb26945a5c5494a42fa2276 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

Submitted by rsmoira@stj.jus.br (rsmoira@stj.jus.br) on 2019-01-15T17:19:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 acordo_extrajudicial_natureza_cornelio.pdf: 580056 bytes, checksum: c8d358e596ab4b7ee314079532780cfe (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Roberta Marins (rmarins@stj.jus.br) on 2019-01-22T17:52:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 acordo_extrajudicial_natureza_cornelio.pdf: 580056 bytes, checksum: c8d358e596ab4b7ee314079532780cfe (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-22T17:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 acordo_extrajudicial_natureza_cornelio.pdf: 580056 bytes, checksum: c8d358e596ab4b7ee314079532780cfe (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

The response of wheat crops to elevated CO 2 (eCO 2) was measured and modelled with the Australian Grains Free‐Air CO 2 Enrichment experiment, located at Horsham, Australia. Treatments included CO 2 by water, N and temperature. The location represents a semi‐arid environment with a seasonal VPD of around 0.5 kPa. Over 3 years, the observed mean biomass at anthesis and grain yield ranged from 4200 to 10 200 kg ha−1 and 1600 to 3900 kg ha−1, respectively, over various sowing times and irrigation regimes. The mean observed response to daytime eCO 2 (from 365 to 550 μmol mol−1 CO 2) was relatively consistent for biomass at stem elongation and at anthesis and LAI at anthesis and grain yield with 21%, 23%, 21% and 26%, respectively. Seasonal water use was decreased from 320 to 301 mm (P = 0.10) by eCO 2, increasing water use efficiency for biomass and yield, 36% and 31%, respectively. The performance of six models (APSIM‐Wheat, APSIM‐Nwheat, CAT‐Wheat, CROPSYST, OLEARY‐CONNOR and SALUS) in simulating crop responses to eCO 2 was similar and within or close to the experimental error for accumulated biomass, yield and water use response, despite some variations in early growth and LAI. The primary mechanism of biomass accumulation via radiation use efficiency (RUE) or transpiration efficiency (TE) was not critical to define the overall response to eCO 2. However, under irrigation, the effect of late sowing on response to eCO 2 to biomass accumulation at DC65 was substantial in the observed data (~40%), but the simulated response was smaller, ranging from 17% to 28%. Simulated response from all six models under no water or nitrogen stress showed similar response to eCO 2 under irrigation, but the differences compared to the dryland treatment were small. Further experimental work on the interactive effects of eCO 2, water and temperature is required to resolve these model discrepancies.

O g?nero Baccharis pertence ? fam?lia Asteraceae e tem v?rias esp?cies amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular, possuindo muitos compostos de interesse farmac?utico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito citot?xico, antiproliferativo e a revers?o fenot?pica do extrato de Baccharis anomala em c?lulas estreladas hep?ticas ativadas (HSCs) e identificar os compostos presentes no extrato. Para avaliar o efeito citot?xico e antiproliferativo do extrato fracionado, foram utilizadas a libera??o de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e o m?todo de exclus?o de azul de Tripan. A revers?o do fen?tipo foi avaliada por colora??o com Oil Red e pela express?o de PPAR-? por RT-PCR. As fra??es obtidas a partir do extrato metan?lico foram caracterizadas pela sua composi??o fen?lica por HPLC. Os resultados mostraram que duas fra??es do extrato metan?lico diminu?ram a prolifera??o celular sem aumentar os n?veis de libera??o de LDH. A parada do ciclo celular foi avaliada usando 7-AAD e colora??o por DAPI foi utilizada para avaliar a apoptose celular. As fra??es de B.anomala induziram a parada do ciclo celular em fase G1, a colora??o por DAPI n?o revelou morte celular por apoptose. Colora??o por Oil-RedO (ORO) mostrou a capacidade de indu??o da revers?o fenot?pica, a avalia??o da express?o mRNA de PPAR-y por RT-PCR n?o foi alterada, sugerindo que exista uma via independente de PPAR-y envolvida. Os principais componentes identificados nas fra??es que apresentaram atividade biol?gica foram os ?cidos hidroxibenz?ico, clorog?nico e cum?rico. Nosso estudo foi capaz de mostrar o efeito antiproliferativo das fra??es de extrato metan?lico de B.anomala, seu potencial para reverter o fen?tipo ativado das c?lulas estreladas hep?ticas e mostrou seu potencial para o tratamento da fibrose hep?tica. The genus Baccharis belongs to the family Asteraceae and has several species widely used in folk medicine and own many compounds of pharmaceutical interest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antiproliferative effect and phenotypic reversion of Baccharis anomala extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and identify the compounds present in the extract. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of the fractionated extract, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the trypan blue exclusion method were used. The phenotype reversion was evaluated by staining with Oil Red and PPAR-? expression by RT-PCR. The fractions obtained from the methanolic extract were characterized for their phenolic composition by HPLC. The results showed that two fractions of methanolic extract decreased cell proliferation without increasing LDH release levels. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated using 7-AAD and DAPI staining was used to evaluate indications of apoptosis. Fractions of B.anomala induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, while DAPI staining did not reveal cell death by apoptosis. Oil-Red (ORO) staining showed the ability of fractions to induce phenotypic reversion and the evaluation of PPAR-? mRNA expression was not altered, suggesting that there is an independent PPAR-? pathway involved. The main components identified in the fractions that presented biological activity were hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and coumaric acid. Our study was able to show the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract fractions of B.anomala, its potential to reverse the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells and showed its potential for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

We review the current state of agricultural systems science, focusing in particular on the capabilities and limitations of agricultural systems models. We discuss the state of models relative to five different Use Cases spanning field, farm, landscape, regional, and global spatial scales and engaging questions in past, current, and future time periods. Contributions from multiple disciplines have made major advances relevant to a wide range of agricultural system model applications at various spatial and temporal scales. Although current agricultural systems models have features that are needed for the Use Cases, we found that all of them have limitations and need to be improved. We identified common limitations across all Use Cases, namely 1) a scarcity of data for developing, evaluating, and applying agricultural system models and 2) inadequate knowledge systems that effectively communicate model results to society. We argue that these limitations are greater obstacles to progress than gaps in conceptual theory or available methods for using system models. New initiatives on open data show promise for addressing the data problem, but there also needs to be a cultural change among agricultural researchers to ensure that data for addressing the range of Use Cases are available for future model improvements and applications. We conclude that multiple platforms and multiple models are needed for model applications for different purposes. The Use Cases provide a useful framework for considering capabilities and limitations of existing models and data., Highlights • Data limitations exist for all components of agricultural systems. • Model limitations also exist, more severely in constrained, complex systems. • Knowledge products for informing decisions and policy remain very limited. • Use cases provide an important context for model evaluation and improvement. • More emphasis is needed on models, systems analyses of agricultural systems.

Conservation tillage (i.e., reduced- RT and no till - NT) is frequently proposed as mitigation practices as it can contribute to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to conventional mouldboard ploughing (CT). In this study, we assessed the long-term effects of different tillage management practices on crop yield and SOC stock dynamics in Mediterranean rainfed cereal cropping systems at current and future climate scenarios. We relied on data obtained from long term experiments (LTEs) coming from ICFAR network coupled with four simulation models (APSIM, DSSAT, EPIC, SALUS). Two LTEs dataset were used: AN (Ancona, Marche, 1994-2015) characterized by a two-year durum wheat-maize rotation (NT vs CT: 40 cm deep mouldboard ploughing) and PI2 (Pisa, Toscana) based on a maize continuous crop from 1994 to 1998 followed by a durum wheat-maize rotation (RT: 15 cm disc tillage; vs CT: 30 cm deep ploughing). Climate scenarios were generated by setting up a statistical model using predictors from ERA40 reanalysis and seasonal indices of temperature and precipitation from E-OBS gridded data for the period 1958-2010. The statistical downscaling model was applied to CMCC-CM predictors to obtain climate scenarios at local scale over the period 1971-2000 and 2021-2050 (RCP45 and RCP85 emission scenarios). The multi-model mean was able to better reproduce and with less uncertainty SOC dynamics than a single model, hence better SOC predictions are also expected to occur in the future assessment. Overall, our study showed a decrease of SOC stocks in both sites and tillage systems in future scenarios. However, even if conservation tillage was more affected by climate change losing more SOC than CT, these systems were still able to stock more soil organic carbon also under future scenarios.

Agricultural systems science generates knowledge that allows researchers to consider complex problems or take informed agricultural decisions. The rich history of this science exemplifies the diversity of systems and scales over which they operate and have been studied. Modeling, an essential tool in agricultural systems science, has been accomplished by scientists from a wide range of disciplines, who have contributed concepts and tools over more than six decades. As agricultural scientists now consider the "next generation" models, data, and knowledge products needed to meet the increasingly complex systems problems faced by society, it is important to take stock of this history and its lessons to ensure that we avoid re-invention and strive to consider all dimensions of associated challenges. To this end, we summarize here the history of agricultural systems modeling and identify lessons learned that can help guide the design and development of next generation of agricultural system tools and methods. A number of past events combined with overall technological progress in other fields have strongly contributed to the evolution of agricultural system modeling, including development of process-based bio-physical models of crops and livestock, statistical models based on historical observations, and economic optimization and simulation models at household and regional to global scales. Characteristics of agricultural systems models have varied widely depending on the systems involved, their scales, and the wide range of purposes that motivated their development and use by researchers in different disciplines. Recent trends in broader collaboration across institutions, across disciplines, and between the public and private sectors suggest that the stage is set for the major advances in agricultural systems science that are needed for the next generation of models, databases, knowledge products and decision support systems. The lessons from history should be considered to help avoid roadblocks and pitfalls as the community develops this next generation of agricultural systems models.