Search

Philippipalpus Corpuz-Raros, 1978 Type species. Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of lanceolate to weakly palmate setae; c 2, d 2 and f 2 absent; setae e 2 in marginal position, aligned with c 3, d 3, e 3, and f 3; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma usually completely concealed by prodorsum; anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes each bearing setae v 2 (usually inserted beneath a fold); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l ��� present on tr III); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present on ge I���II); tibiae 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 (seta d absent ti III���IV); tarsi I���IV without tc������. Solenidia of male similar in thickness and length to those of female. Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) and Mesa et al. (2009) described the genus with setae d 2 present and e 2 absent; however we feel that d 2 is in fact absent and e 2 is present on the margin, as in most of the related tegopalpine genera (Beard et al. 2013). Species of Philippipalpus are morphologically similar to species in the genera Tegopalpus and Chaudhripalpus, as all three genera have dorsal setae c 2 absent and three pairs of ps setae present (ps 1���3). Philippipalpus can be separated from both these genera by the presence of dorsal setae e 2 (absent in both Tegopalpus and Chaudhripalpus). Species of Philippipalpus are separated here using subtle differences in ornamentation, striation and measurements, unlike the other genera of Tegopalpinae. We feel that because each new species of Philippipalpus presented here occupies a single host species, and no other species of flat mite in this subfamily inhabits more than one species of she-oak, it is evidence to support their separation at the species level. Nevertheless, we acknowledge further collecting from a greater geographical range is warranted to test the validity of these species. Philippipalpus is unusual in lacking both setae v ��� on all trochanters (l ��� present on tr III) and d on tibiae III���IV., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Corpuz-Raros, L. A. (1978) New Philippine Tetranychoidea (Acarina). Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 7 (3), 211 - 230.","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185.","Beard, J. J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G. R., Trice, M. D., Redford, A. J., Walters, T. W. & Mitter, C. (2013) Flat Mites of the World. Edition 2. Identification Technology Program, CPHST, PPQ, APHIS, USDA Fort Collins, Colorado. Available from: www. idtools. org / id / mites / flatmites / index. php (accessed 1 June 2013)"]}

Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1

Magdalenapalpus forsteri Seeman and Beard sp. nov. (Figs 48���53) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. needles of Forest Oak Allocasuarina torulosa (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: SSW Mundubbera, base of Mt Lorna, ���Toondahra���, 25 �� 59 ��� 15 ������ S 151 �� 21 ��� 26 ������ E, 12 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 10 females, 1 male, 1 pharate male, 3 deutonymphs, 7 larvae (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 absent. Dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate, barbed. Prodorsum with irregular polygonal and folded sculpturing; opisthosomal shield with irregular folds; lateral cuticle weakly papillate. Dorsal opisthosomal setae d 1 -d 1 11���16, e 1 - e 1 9���13 apart. Posterior opisthosomal venter with fine barbed setae. FEMALE (n = 11). Dorsum. (Fig. 48 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 310���325 [325]; sc 2 - sc 2 105���115 [115]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���32 [32], sc 1 -sc 1 81���89 [89], c 1 -c 1 27���31 [28], c 2 -c 2 85���92 [92], c 3 -c 3 140���160 [160], d 1 -d 1 11���16 [11], d 2 -d 2 97���105 [105], d 3 -d 3 120���125 [125], e 1 - e 1 9���13 [11], e 2 -e 2 105���115 [115], e 3 - e 3 91���98 [96], f 3 -f 3 72���81 [78], h 1 -h 1 24���30 [27], h 2 -h 2 50���58 [53]. Gnathosoma almost completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch (internal depth 21���26) forming 1 pair of broad lobes each bearing v 2. Prodorsal shield with wrinkled ridge-like sculpturing, forming irregular polygons posteromedially. Opisthosomal shield with sparse irregular rugose sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields papillate. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 13���19 [13], sc 1 15���19 [16], sc 2 18���22 [22], c 1 19���22 [28], c 2 17���20 [20], c 3 16���19 [17], d 1 13���17 [13], d 2 17���22 [19], d 3 15���21 [20], e 1 12 ���16 [12], e 2 17 ���21 [19], e 3 18 ���21 [21], f 3 19���23 [21], h 1 15���20 [20], h 2 15���21 [16]. Palps. (Fig. 48 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���9 [7] long, ventral 10���11 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 7���8 [7���8] long, 7���9 [8, 9] long; solenidion 7���8 [7, 8] long. Venter. (Fig. 49 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4 a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ps 1���2, ps 3, g 1 -g 2, ag weakly barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 62 ��� 74 [74], 1 b 21���26 [21], 2 b 16���21 [18], 2 c 20���27 [24], 3a 44 ��� 72 [72], 3 b 18���21 [18], 4a 46 ��� 63 [46], 4 b 15���40 [15], ag 1 14���20 [15], g 1 23���26 [24], g 2 21���25 [23], ps 1 16���18 [17], ps 2 16���19 [18], ps 3 10���14 [11]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 49 b) Spermathecal tube ca. 1 wide, ca. 80 long, terminating in elongate membranous vesicle 6���8 long, 2���3 wide. Genital opening between setae ps 2���3. Legs. (Fig. 50) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 10���12 [12] long, ta II 9���12 [12] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (7���8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; v ��� absent on tr I���IV, l' present on tr III; ge I���II with only d present (l ��� and l������ absent), ge III���IV nude; ta I���IV without tc������. MALE (1 paratype). Dorsum. (Fig. 51) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 220, sc 2 -sc 2 88; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23, sc 1 -sc 1 68, c 1 -c 1 23, c 2 -c 2 73, c 3 -c 3 107, d 1 -d 1 11, d 2 -d 2 74, d 3 -d 3 86, e 1 - e 1 12, e 2 - e 2 74, e 3 - e 3 64, f 3 -f 3 52, h 1 -h 1 12, h 2 -h 2 33. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch (internal depth 20���26). Prodorsal shield lightly punctate, with few striations. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield bearing c 1, c 2, d 1 and d 2, with few striations; and pygidial shield bearing e 1, e 3, f 3, h 1, h 2, with few striations; shields separated by transverse striae; papillate cuticle laterad prodorsal shield. Setal lengths: v 2 17, sc 1 14, sc 2 17, c 1 12, c 2 15, c 3 16, d 1 10, d 2 16, d 3 16, e 1 8, e 2 17, e 3 16, f 3 16, h 1 13, h 2 16. Palps. (Fig. 51) Palps similar to female, except solenidia greatly swollen. Tibial setae, dorsal 8 long, ventral 10 long; tarsal eupathidia 10, 11 long; solenidion 11 long. Venter. (Fig. 52) All striae transverse, becoming coarse posteriorly and weak around setae ag 1. Coxal setae fine. Setae ag 1, g 1, g 2 thin, barbed; ps 2, ps 3 thin, smooth; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 52, 1 b 20, 2 b 17, 2 c 17, 3a 62, 3 b 13, 4a 42, 4 b 17, ag 1 11, g 1 11, g 2 13, ps 1 13, ps 2 11, ps 3 10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 52) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 56 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 51) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 12 long, ta II 11 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 8, 7 long; ta II 7, 7 long). Solenidia much thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (3 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 255���275, sc 2 -sc 2 85���97; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 21���24, sc 1 -sc 1 70���78, c 1 -c 1 19���28, c 2 -c 2 70���79, c 3 -c 3 120���130, d 1 -d 1 13���17, d 2 -d 2 69���78, d 3 -d 3 95���103, e 1 - e 1 10���13, e 2 - e 2 88���94, e 3 - e 3 77���84, f 3 -f 3 61���64, h 1 -h 1 15���17, h 2 -h 2 20���22. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, delineated by striae. Opisthosomal shield with c 1 -c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse to oblique striae. All dorsal setae lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 23���26, sc 1 16���17, sc 2 19���26, c 1 19���22, c 2 21���22, c 3 19���22, d 1 12��� 16, d 2 16���21, d 3 19���23, e 1 11 ���13, e 2 20 ���22, e 3 20 ���23, f 3 19���23, h 1 15���17, h 2 20���22. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 8 long; tarsal eupathidia 6���7, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 5 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Most ventral setae fine, smooth, except ps 1 barbed, ps 2 lightly barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 38 ��� 51, 1 b 14���18, 2 b 12���14, 2 c 21���22, 3 a 36���44, 3 b 13���15, 4 a 33���38, 4 b 12, ag 1 10���13, g 1 13��� 17, ps 1 9���11, ps 2 10���12, ps 3 6���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6���7 long, ta II 6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6 long; ta II 5���6 long). PROTONYMPH. Unknown. LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 53) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 145���165, sc 2 -sc 2 64���69; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 17���22, sc 1 -sc 1 53���60, c 1 -c 1 15���16, c 2 -c 2 51���57, c 3 -c 3 86���93, d 1 -d 1 8���10, d 2 - d 2 42���50, d 3 -d 3 57���67, e 1 - e 1 5���7, e 2 - e 2 52���58, e 3 - e 3 45���46, f 3 -f 3 33���37, h 1 -h 1 7���8, h 2 -h 2 16���23. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, delineated by striae. Pygidial shield or platelets not apparent; cuticle with irregular transverse lines on soft cuticle. Dorsal setae barbed, thin to narrowly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 16���23, sc 1 10���12, sc 2 15���17, c 1 9���14, c 2 11���13, c 3 13���14, d 1 6���9, d 2 11���17, d 3 13���15, e 1 6 ���7, e 2 12 ���14, e 3 12 ���14, f 3 14���17, h 1 9���10, h 2 14���16. Palps. (Fig. 53) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24 ��� 36, 1 b 10���13, 3 a 22���26, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. (Fig. 53) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4 long, ta II 3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except genua I���III nude. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species in honour of Queensland botanist, Paul Forster, for the numerous identifications and host plant collections he has made for us over the years. Remarks. Our two new species of Magdalenapalpus have identical body and leg setation but are distinguished by the form of the dorsal setae and distance between d 1 -d 1 and e 1 -e 1. These new species were also collected from two different genera of host plant, Allocasuarina and Casuarina. Magdalenapalpus forsteri is similar to M. caperatus but can be separated by the shape of the dorsal setae which are narrowly lanceolate in M. forsteri (broadly lanceolate in M. caperatus), the distance between setae d 1 -d 1 11���16 (in 26��� 30 M. caperatus) and between setae e 1 - e 1 9���13 (in 23��� 25 M. caperatus)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 62-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Pentamerismus McGregor, 1949 Type species. Tenuipalpus erythreus Ewing, 1917: 152, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12���13 pairs of setae; c 2, d 2, and e 2 present; seta f 2 present or absent; setae e 2 and f 2 (when present) inserted in marginal position, aligned with c 3, d 3, e 3 and f 3; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, palp setal formula variable 0-0/ 1 - 0-1 / 2-3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum; ventral plate absent; three pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1-3) on weakly to well developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsal shield with a median notch forming 1 pair of lobes anterior to setae v 2, or smoothly rounded; gnathosoma completely exposed, not concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum; genital plate weakly to well developed, membranous; metapodal plates usually present; coxae I with 1 c present or absent. Solenidia of male of similar thickness and length to those of female. Remarks. Pentamerismus is almost identical to Aegyptobia, except that setae e 2 and f 2 (when present) are inserted in a marginal position, aligned with setae c 3, d 3, e 3 and f 3, instead of the more usual sublateral position aligned with c 2 and d 2., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["McGregor, E. A. (1949) Nearctic mites of the family Pseudoleptidae. Memoir of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 3, 1 - 45.","Ewing, H. E. (1917) New Acarina part II. Descriptions of new species and varieties from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 37, 149 - 172."]}

Magdalenapalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans, 2009 Type species. Meyeraepalpus strandtmanni Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12 or 13 pairs of lanceolate setae; c 2, d 2, and e 2 present; seta f 2 present or absent; setae e 2 inserted in more-or-less marginal position; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, setal formula 0,0,0,2,3(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches, gnathosoma not concealed; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsum deeply incised, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each lobe bearing setae v 2 (also in male); gnathosoma partially concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (also in male); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without setae 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l ��� present on tr III); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present on ge I���II); tibiae 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV 8 (1)- 8 (1)- 4 - 4 (without tc������). Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. Species. Three species: M. strandtmanni, M. caperatus, M. forsteri. Hosts and distribution. Casuarinaceae, Australia. Remarks. The new species described herein differ from the type species by lacking seta f 2. Although this is an important difference, these species share the same leg setation, a deeply incised prodorsum with setae v 2 inserted on the resultant lobes, and a partially concealed gnathosoma., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185.","Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Crossipalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 Type species. Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12 pairs of thinly to broadly lanceolate setae; c 2, d 2, and e 2 present; setae f 2 absent; setae e 2 close to marginal position; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1); anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 2 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���2) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsum without projections, smoothly rounded, completely concealing the gnathosoma; genital plate membranous, weakly developed; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 1 - 1 -2- 1; femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua I���IV 1 - 1 -0-0 (ge I���II with either l������ or d present); tibiae I���IV 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV with or without tc������. Setae v ��� added to tr IV in adult; v ��� added to tr I���III in deutonymph; l ��� added in protonymph. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than those of female. Species. Four species: Cr. gersoni, Cr. muellerianae, Cr. raveni, Cr. verticillatae. Hosts and distribution. Casuarinaceae, Australia. Remarks. All known Crossipalpus species have the setal formula for genua I���IV 1 - 1 -0-0. In Cr. muellerianae and Cr. verticillatae, the seta present on ge I���II is l������, but in the two new species, Cr. gersoni and Cr. raveni, the seta is d. This difference is an example of how setal counts alone can conceal useful information that only chaetotaxy can present., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Pentamerismus sititoris Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 75���81) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 8 females, 1 male, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, larva, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). Non-type material examined. 5 females, 1 male, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, 2 larvae, same data as holotype; 12 females, 10 males, 1 protonymph, 1 larva ex. Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae) under scales at tip of needles, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, nr Lightning Ridge, Castlereagh Highway, 45 km S Hebel, 28 �� 44 ��� 43 ������S, 148 ��09��� 12 ������E, 0 6 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster; AUSTRALIA: 1 female, 1 male, same data except Castlereagh Highway, 6.5 km N Lightning Ridge, 29 �� 25 ��� 10 ������S, 147 �� 53 ��� 21 ������E (QM, USNM)). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0- 0-2 - 3 (1), with palp tibial setae l ���PTi and l������PTi both present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with short notch. Dorsal shields with finely reticulate mosaic sculpturing; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate to palmate; lateral margins of opisthosoma coarsely papillate. Posterior ventral setae ag palmate, barbed; setae g 1���2 broadly lanceolate, barbed; setae ps 1���2 lanceolate, barbed; setae ps 3 fine, smooth. Seta 1 c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I���II palmate to broadly lanceolate, barbed; seta ev ��� on femora III broadly lanceolate, barbed; setae v ���, v������ on tibiae III with broad bases, barbed. FEMALE (n = 28). Dorsum. (Fig. 75) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 225���255 [250], sc 2 - sc 2 110���120 [120]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 41 ���46 [43], sc 1 -sc 1 83���88 [84], c 1 -c 1 54���63 [63], c 2 -c 2 125���135 [135], c 3 -c 3 170���180 [175], d 1 -d 1 34���40 [40], d 2 -d 2 105���115 [115], d 3 -d 3 150���155 [155], e 1 - e 1 32���39 [39], e 2 - e 2 135���145 [145], e 3 -e 3 120���140 [130], f 2 -f 2 110���115 [115], f 3 -f 3 89���100 [95], h 1 -h 1 27���32 [30], h 2 -h 2 60���68 [68]. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small lobes forming short medial notch (internal depth 7��� 11). Dorsal shields with finely reticulate mosaic sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields smooth anteriorly, becoming coarsely papillate posteriorly. All dorsal setae barbed; v 2, sc 1, sc 2, c 1���3 lanceolate with broadly rounded tips; all other setae broad, rounded. Setal lengths: v 2 23���24 [23], sc 1 23���26 [26], sc 2 25���30 [30], c 1 24���28 [25], c 2 24���28 [28], c 3 21���24 [24], d 1 17���20 [17], d 2 19���26 [20], d 3 19���23 [23], e 1 17 ���22 [19], e 2 17 ���20 [20], e 3 17 ���20 [19], f 2 17���20 [19], f 3 17���21 [17], h 1 17���20 [17], h 2 16���19 [19]. Palps. (Fig. 75) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 [7] long, ventral 4���5 [4] long; tarsal eupathidia 4 [4], 4���6 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 76 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, abruptly becoming longitudinal posterior to cx IV, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 20���24 diameter, rugose-papillate. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield lightly punctate with transverse reticulation posteriorly, margins irregular, ca. 25���35 [25] long, 36���42 [42] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c lanceolate; setae ag 1 palmate, barbed; g 1���2, ps 1���2 thick, broadly lanceolate, barbed; ps 3 fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 40 ��� 51 [40], 1 b 24���32 [24], 2 b 22���28 [24], 2 c 14���16 [14], 3a 35 ��� 41 [35], 3 b 13���19 [13], 4a 32 ��� 35 [32], 4 b 12���18 [12], ag 1 13���15 [13], g 1 17���18 [17], g 2 16���18 [18], ps 1 12���17 [13], ps 2 12���15 [12], ps 3 7���10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 76 b) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, 1 ��m wide, ca. 120 long, terminating in membranous sac. Spermatheca vesicle not visible. Genital opening between anal valves and posterior margin of genital shield. Legs. (Figs 75, 77 a) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 11 [11] long, ta II 10���11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6���7 [6], 7 [7] long; ta II 6���7 [6], 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (n = 13). Dorsum. (Fig. 78) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 195���210, sc 2 -sc 2 90��� 105; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 32 ���35, sc 1 -sc 1 66���79, c 1 -c 1 40���55, c 2 -c 2 96���120, c 3 -c 3 135���155, d 1 -d 1 24���37, d 2 -d 2 80���106, d 3 -d 3 110���140, e 1 - e 1 34���42, e 2 -e 2 105���130, e 3 - e 3 97���120, f 2 -f 2 87���105, f 3 -f 3 71���90, h 1 -h 1 25��� 27, h 2 -h 2 54���63. Anterior margin of prodorsum with small lobes forming a short median notch (internal depth 7). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Setal lengths: v 2 18��� 21, sc 1 18���22, sc 2 19���22, c 1 18���20, c 2 19���21, c 3 20���22, d 1 12���13, d 2 16���20, d 3 16���17, e 1 13 ���15, e 2 16 ���18, e 3 16 ���20, f 2 15���16, f 3 14���18, h 1 15���16, h 2 14���16. Palps. (Fig. 78) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 4 ��� 6 long; solenidion 5���6 long. Venter. (Fig. 79) Striation similar to female. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 25���30 x 30 ���45 diameter; g 1��� 2, ps 1���3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c lanceolate. Seta ag 1 broadly rounded, barbed; g 1 lanceolate, barbed; ps 1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 45 ��� 65, 1 b 20���23, 2 b 17���19, 2 c 10���13, 3 a 40���42, 3 b 9���12, 4 a 25���27, 4 b 8���12, ag 1 12, g 1 12���13, g 2 6���7, ps 1 13���15, ps 2 6���7, ps 3 7. Aedeagus. (Fig. 79) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 63���74 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming obscure after 20���55 ��m. Legs. (Fig. 78) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 13 long, ta II 12 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6 long, 5���6 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 80) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 215���235, sc 2 - sc 2 105���115; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 34 ���39, sc 1 -sc 1 84���89, c 1 -c 1 34���43, c 2 -c 2 110���120, c 3 -c 3 155, d 1 -d 1 38���39, d 2 -d 2 105���115, d 3 -d 3 145���155, e 1 - e 1 32���34, e 2 -e 2 138���143, e 3 -e 3 125���130, f 2 -f 2 110���115, f 3 -f 3 83���90, h 1 -h 1 31���32, h 2 -h 2 53���60. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial lobes or notch. Prodorsal shield poorly defined, with oblique-longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; transverse striae between setal row C and row D; posterior to setal row D striations become oblique laterally, tending to mosaic-like medially. Lateral setae more elongate than those of adult, slightly concave. Setal lengths: v 2 15���18, sc 1 15���18, sc 2 18���21, c 1 11���17, c 2 18���20, c 3 26���27, d 1 15, d 2 24���26, d 3 26���27, e 1 18 ���20, e 2 23 ���26, e 3 23 ���26, f 2 20���24, f 3 22���26, h 1 19���23, h 2 22��� 25. Palps. (Fig. 80) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, 4 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV; anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 thick, barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 27 ��� 45, 1 b 12���15, 2 b 11��� 16, 2 c 9���11, 3 a 33, 3 b 6���9, 4 a 17���24, 4 b 6���8, ag 1 8���10, g 1 11, ps 1 3, ps 2 4���5, ps 3 4���5. Legs. (Figs 77 b, 80) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6���7 long, ta II 5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (3���4, 4 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (n = 6). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 165���195, sc 2 -sc 2 78��� 90; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 26���31, sc 1 -sc 1 65���69, c 1 -c 1 28���32, c 2 -c 2 89���98, c 3 -c 3 130���135, d 1 -d 1 22���29, d 2 - d 2 84���89, d 3 -d 3 110���125, e 1 - e 1 18���22, e 2 -e 2 100���110, e 3 - e 3 95���105, f 2 -f 2 76���90, f 3 -f 3 70���73, h 1 -h 1 19���24, h 2 - h 2 40���50. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, prodorsum with concave striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; transverse striae gradually becoming oblique, tending to convex posteriorly. Setae more elongate than those of adult. Setal lengths: v 2 10���15, sc 1 12���14, sc 2 13���15, c 1 11���12, c 2 14���15, c 3 14��� 20, d 1 9���12, d 2 17���21, d 3 25���26, e 1 14 ���17, e 2 16 ���22, e 3 19 ���23, f 2 21���23, f 3 17���21, h 1 18���20, h 2 20���23. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5���6 long, 4 long; tarsal eupathidia both 3 long; solenidion 3���4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 15 ��� 17, 1 b 6���7, 2 b 7, 3a 12 ��� 23, 3 b 6, ag 1 7, ps 1 2���3, ps 2 2���3, ps 3 3. Legs. (Fig. 81 a) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 1-3 - 5, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 4 long; ta II 3 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I���III without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta d, l������; ta IV without setae tc ���, tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���155, sc 2 -sc 2 65���67; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���25, sc 1 -sc 1 50���53, c 1 -c 1 17���18, c 2 -c 2 68���74, c 3 -c 3 90, d 1 -d 1 12, d 2 -d 2 60, d 3 -d 3 80, e 1 - e 1 7, e 2 - e 2 67, e 3 - e 3 55, f 2 -f 2 45, f 3 -f 3 30, h 1 -h 1 8, h 2 -h 2 16���38. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, with longitudinal striations becoming broader medially. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae. Setae with more elongate proportions than those of adult. Setal lengths: v 2 13���15, sc 1 15���18, sc 2 13, c 1 12, c 2 15���17, c 3 14���17, d 1 17���18, d 2 15, d 3 15, e 1 19, e 2 15, e 3 15 ���16, f 2 16, f 3 17, h 1 14, h 2 15. Palps. (Fig. 81 c) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5���6 long, venter 4���5 long; tarsal eupathidia 3���4, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 22 ��� 35, 1 b 9���10, 3 a 27���40, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. (Fig. 81 b) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 1-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4���6 long, ta II 4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'- p��" (ta I 4���5 long; ta II 3���4 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���, tc������. Etymology. The specific name sititoris, is masculine Latin for ���one who thirsts���, in reference to the dry habitat in which this species lives. Remarks. These mites were matt red and found hiding in leaf buds and under leaf scales. Individuals of this species were found in association with Chaudhripalpus costacola and Philippipalpus belah. Pentamerismus sititoris is similar to P. hicklingorum and P. w a rd o, but can be separated from these two species by the posterior ventral setae g 1���2 and ps 1���2 being thick, broadly lanceolate and heavily barbed, and setae ag being palmate and strongly barbed (setae g 1���2 fine, setiform and weakly barbed, setae ps 1 thicker than ps 2���3, and setae ag setiform to lanceolate in P. hicklingorum and P. w a rd o)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 89-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Chaudhripalpus costacola Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 7���12) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, 86 km S Goondiwindi, approx. 15 km N Moree, Newell Highway, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August 2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 4 females, 2 pharate females, 2 pharate deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). Non-type material examined. 8 females, 7 pharate females, 4 deutonymphs, 11 protonymphs, 3 pharate protonymphs, and 11 larvae ex. Ca. cristata, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 17 km west of Dalby on Moonie Highway, 27 �� 14 ��� 13 ��� S 151 ��08��� 52 ��� E, 0 5 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM, USNM; BRI voucher PIF 32479); 8 females, 2 protonymphs, and 4 larvae ex same host, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 45 km south of Hebel along Castlereagh Highway, near Lightning Ridge, 28 �� 44 ��� 43 ��� S 148 ��09��� 12 ��� E, 0 6 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM; BRI voucher PIF 32488). Diagnosis. Prodorsal shield with coarse, longitudinally lineate sculpturing. Dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striate sculpturing posteriorly; smooth cuticle between setae c 1 -d 1; longitudinal folding between setae d 1 -e 1; oblique folds and striate sculpturing laterally. Ventral setae ps 1���2 thin, barbed, seta ps 3 smooth. Trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l' present on tr III, added in protonymph). Spermathecal tube long, narrow, ca. 95 long before balloon-like membranous vesicle 4 long, 3 wide. FEMALE (n = 21). Dorsum. (Fig. 7) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 265���300 [300]; sc 2 - sc 2 91���93 [91]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 38 ���40 [38], sc 1 -sc 1 82���85 [83], c 1 -c 1 24���28 [28], c 3 -c 3 116���125 [125], d 1 -d 1 20���25 [25], d 3 -d 3 99���110 [108], e 1 - e 1 22���26 [23], e 3 - e 3 97���110 [110], f 3 -f 3 88���99 [99], h 1 -h 1 21��� 24 [24], h 2 -h 2 63���74 [74]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with 1 pair of blunt membranous triangular lobes originating from beneath prodorsal margin, notch formed between lobes 10���15 deep. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with coarse, longitudinal lineate pattern. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with smooth cuticle medially, coarse, longitudinal-oblique lineate pattern laterally and posteriorly. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields weakly striated. All dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; medial opisthosomal setae shorter than lateral setae. Setal lengths: v 2 17���18 [18], sc 1 14���15 [15], sc 2 17��� 20 [17], c 1 13���16 [16], c 3 18���19 [18], d 1 10���11 [10], d 3 16���19 [16], e 1 9 ���10 [10], e 3 16 ���18 [17], f 3 17���18 [18], h 1 12���13 [13], h 2 15���17 [17]. Palps. (Fig. 8 a) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 s+ 1 e). Tarsal eupathidium 6 long; solenidion 7 long. Vent er. (Fig. 8 b) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1 a - 3 a, longitudinal between setae 3 a - 4 a, transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, then longitudinal striae becoming coarse around genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital area smooth, membranous, 20���25 [25] long, 35���40 [35] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted medially on weakly defined anal plates in longitudinal line. Coxal setae 1 a, 1 b, 2 b, 2 c, 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b fine; setae g 1���2 lanceolate, setae ag 1, ps 1���2 narrowly lanceolate, barbed, ps 3 fine. Setal lengths: 1a 40 ��� 45 [broken], 1 b 20���25 [broken], 2 b 12���15 [12], 2 c 12���16 [13], 3a 25 ��� 40 [25], 3 b 12���15 [12], 4a 30 ��� 36 [35], 4 b 11���15 [15], ag 1 9���11 [9], g 1 9���11 [11], g 2 10 [10], ps 1 6���7 [7], ps 2 6���7 [7], ps 3 5���6 [6]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 8 c) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, becoming convoluted distally, maximum width 1, ca. 95 long before balloon-like spermatheca 4 long, 3 wide. Genital opening just anterior to setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 9) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0- 4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9 [9] long, ta II 8 [8] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ���; ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without d, l������; ta I���IV without tc������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 10) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 235���250, sc 2 - sc 2 90���96; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���29, sc 1 -sc 1 83���88, c 1 -c 1 22���25, c 3 -c 3 114���122, d 1 -d 1 20���23, d 3 -d 3 88���96, e 1 - e 1 18���20, e 3 - e 3 88���97, f 3 -f 3 79���85, h 1 -h 1 18���22, h 2 -h 2 48���56. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield smoothly rounded. Opisthosoma with setae c 1 on weak, irregular plate, d 1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; otherwise coarse transverse striae between areas of smooth cuticle. Setal lengths: v 2 13���15, sc 1 13���15, sc 2 15���16, c 1 14���16, c 3 14���17, d 1 13���15, d 3 15���17, e 1 11 ���13, e 3 12 ���14, f 3 12���15, h 1 10, h 2 12���15. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 4 long, eupathidium 4���5 long. Venter. (Fig. 11 b) Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setae ps 1���2 barbed, ps 3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 22 ��� 25, 1 b 12���13, 2 b 9���11, 2 c 10���13, 3 a 17���20, 3 b 9���10, 4 a 16���22, 4 b 8���10, ag 1 8���10, g 1 10���11, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 5, ps 3 5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���225, sc 2 -sc 2 81��� 84; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���25, sc 1 -sc 1 68���70, c 1 -c 1 21���22, c 3 -c 3 110���113, d 1 -d 1 19���23, d 3 -d 3 82���85, e 1 - e 1 16���19, e 3 - e 3 76���79, f 3 -f 3 67���69, h 1 -h 1 17���25, h 2 -h 2 36���43. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma with setae c 1 and d 1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; otherwise sparse striae between areas of smooth cuticle. Setal length: v 2 12���15, sc 1 10���12, sc 2 14, c 1 15, c 3 14���16, d 1 10��� 13, d 3 11���15, e 1 8 ���10, e 3 13, f 3 11, h 1 7, h 2 9���11. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3���4 long, eupathidium 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25 ��� 30, 1 b 8���10, 2 b 8���10, 3 a 17���20, 3 b 6���9, ag 1 7���12, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5, 4 ��� 5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 1 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tarsi IV without tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 16). Dorsum. (Fig. 12) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���160, sc 2 -sc 2 64��� 69; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20���21, sc 1 -sc 1 55���60, c 1 -c 1 17���18, c 3 -c 3 87���96, d 1 -d 1 18���19, d 3 -d 3 58���61, e 1 - e 1 8���11, e 3 - e 3 46���57, f 3 -f 3 33���41, h 1 -h 1 8, h 2 -h 2 14���22. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma without platelets, with coarse transverse wrinkled striae, becoming oblique posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 12���13, sc 1 7���8, sc 2 10���11, c 1 9���10, c 3 8���10, d 1 8���9, d 3 9���10, e 1 6 ���8, e 3 9 ��� 11, f 3 9���10, h 1 5���6, h 2 9. Palps. Palps similar to adult except solenidion 3 long and eupathidium 5���6 long. Venter. (Fig. 11 a) Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 16 ��� 21, 1 b 11���12, 3 a 14���23, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. (Fig. 12) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0- 3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; tarsi I���III without seta tc ���. Hosts and distribution. This species was collected from Belah, Ca. cristata from northwestern New South Wales and southwestern Queensland. Etymology. The specific name is derived from costa (rib) and cola (dweller), alluding to the habit of these mites to lodge in between the ribs on stems of she-oaks. Remarks. This species was a darkish matt red colour in life and was found on the stems, with Pentamerismus sititoris and Philippipalpus belah. Chaudhripalpus costacola can be separated from Ch. creelae by the absence of v' on trochanters I���IV (present on tr I���II in Ch. creelae) and the presence of narrow setiform setae ps 1���2 (broadly lanceolate in Ch. creelae)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996) (Figs 38���41) Meyeraepalpus strandtmanni Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 178, fig. 26. Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni, Mesa et al. 2009: 61, fig. 35. Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Bull-Oak Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 16 km E Mt Mary, 16 December 1995, coll. W. Frost (WINC; on same slide as paratype female and 1 deutonymph). Paratypes. 1 female, 1 deutonymph, same slide as holotype (WINC); 1 female, 1 larva, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (1 slide); 1 deutonymph, 3 protonymphs, same data as holotype (1 slide, with 1 female Chaudhripalpus creelae); 2 females, 1 deutonymph, 1 pharate protonymph, same data as holotype (1 slide); 2 females, 2 deutonymphs, 1 pharate deutonymph, 2 protonymphs, 1 larva, same data as holotype (1 slide); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on slide with 1 female Chaudhripalpus creelae); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on slide with 1 female, 1 deutonymph Chaudhripalpus creelae) (WINC). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present. Dorsal setae all broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed, subequal in length. Posterior opisthosomal venter with setae fine, barbed, except setae ps 1 thickened, heavily barbed. FEMALE (n = 9). Dorsum. (Fig. 38) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 230���250 in 8 paratypes [230]; sc 2 -sc 2 86���96 [86]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 36 ���43 [42], sc 1 -sc 1 78���84 [81], c 1 -c 1 31���39 [31], c 2 -c 2 87���96 [87], c 3 -c 3 125���140 [125], d 1 -d 1 22���27 [22], d 2 -d 2 73���96 [73], d 3 -d 3 105���120 [105], e 1 - e 1 21���26 [24], e 2 - e 2 71���92 [74], e 3 - e 3 93���105 [95], f 2 -f 2 62���73 [65], f 3 -f 3 72���86 [72], h 1 -h 1 21���27 [27], h 2 -h 2 49���57 [57]. Gnathosoma almost completely concealed beneath prodorsum (Fig. 38). Anterior margin of prodorsum with notch between setae v 2, 8���15 [13] deep; setae v 2 inserted on anterior lobes formed by notch (Fig. 38). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with weak oblique folds and lines. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed, mostly with weak transverse folds and lines, becoming longitudinal between e 1 -e 1 and h 1 -h 1. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed, subequal in length; Setal lengths: v 2 23���30 [28], sc 1 22���27 [25], sc 2 24���29 [28], c 1 26���31 [27, 31], c 2 27���32 [29, 31], c 3 21���24 [22, 24], d 1 21���25 [23], d 2 22���27 [24, 26], d 3 19���26 [24, 26], e 1 19 ���27 [24, 27], e 2 22 ���28 [26, 28], e 3 22 ���27 [27], f 3 23���29 [29], h 1 19���28 [28], h 2 23���31 [25, 28]. Palps. (Fig. 38) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���11 [7] long, ventral 7���10 [7] long; tarsal eupathidia 6���7 [6] long (thin, tapered), 7���8 [7] long (thick, blunt); solenidion 6���7 [6, 7] long. Venter. (Fig. 39) Ventral cuticle with longitudinal striae between 1 a - 1 a; with transverse striae between 1 a to just posterior to setae 4 a, becoming longitudinal to ag; striae between ag -ag mixed, with transverse striae on anterior of genital flap; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Genital setae inserted on posterior corners of genital flap in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield not developed, cuticle on genital flap smooth; setae ps 1���2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates. Coxal, genital and anal setae ps 2���3 fine; setae ps 1 heavily barbed; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 30 ��� 47 [31, 38], 1 b 18���26 [19, 21], 2 b 14���22 [17], 2 c 15���27 [19], 3a 31 ��� 45 [not visible], 3 b 16���22 [21], 4a 30 ��� 37 [not visible], 4 b 18���21 [21], ag 1 19���24 [19], g 1 18���24 [21], g 2 18���24 [22], ps 1 15���18 [16], ps 2 15���20 [16], ps 3 12���20 [12]. Spermatheca. Not visible. Legs. (Fig. 40) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1- 4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9-11 [10] long, ta II 8-11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6���8 [7���8] long, 6���7 [7] long; ta II with both 6���7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV; l' present on tr IV); ge I���IV 1 - 1 -0-0 (d present ge I���II); ta I���IV without tc������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (6 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 198���219, sc 2 -sc 2 75���82; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27���33, sc 1 -sc 1 67���75, c 1 -c 1 28���33, c 2 -c 2 75���76, c 3 -c 3 115���120, d 1 -d 1 23���30, d 2 -d 2 58���65, d 3 -d 3 94���101, e 1 - e 1 18���21, e 2 - e 2 63���72, e 3 - e 3 81���89, f 3 -f 3 44���54, h 1 -h 1 65���71, h 2 -h 2 21���23. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer folds; opisthosomal shield weak, with some weak transverse folds. Setal lengths: v 2 27���32, sc 1 22���25, sc 2 24���27, c 1 25���28, c 2 26���28, c 3 21���23, d 1 20���23, d 2 20���25, d 3 21���24, e 1 19 ���24, e 2 21 ���23, e 3 21 ���26, f 2 20���27, f 3 20���26, h 1 18���22, h 2 19���24. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 9���10 long, ventral 7���8 long; tarsal eupathidia 5 long (thin, tapered), 6 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 5���6 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a- 4 a with transverse striae; between 4 a- 4 a with mixed striae; immediately posterior 4 a with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal to ag; longitudinal striae around genital-anal region. Setal lengths: 1a 30 ��� 38, 1 b 13���16, 2 b 13���20, 2 c 14���20, 3 a 28���31, 3 b 12���14, 4 a 23���28, 4 b 12���14, ag 1 12���14, g 1 12���16, ps 1 8���10, ps 2 10���12, ps 3 10���12. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 5 long, ta II 4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6, 5��� 6 long; ta II with both 5 long). PROTONYMPH (6 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 145���180, sc 2 -sc 2 68���73; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���29, sc 1 -sc 1 62���66, c 1 -c 1 24���28, c 2 -c 2 68���72, c 3 -c 3 100���110, d 1 -d 1 20���25, d 2 -d 2 51���57, d 3 -d 3 81���86, e 1 - e 1 12���19, e 2 - e 2 53���66, e 3 - e 3 65���69, f 2 -f 2 44���59, f 3 -f 3 46���51, h 1 -h 1 13���29, h 2 -h 2 19���33. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Setal lengths: v 2 25���28, sc 1 17���22, sc 2 18���24, c 1 21���23, c 2 19��� 23, c 3 15���18, d 1 19���21, d 2 16���22, d 3 17���20, e 1 17 ���21, e 2 16 ���19, e 3 17 ���20, f 2 16���19, f 3 14���19, h 1 15���20, h 2 15��� 20. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 8���9 long, ventral 6���7 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 3���4 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a to leg IV with transverse striae; leg IV to posterior margin with longitudinal striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24 ��� 29, 1 b 13���16, 2 b 12���18, 3 b 21���28, ag 12���20, ps 1 7���8, ps 2 7���8, ps 3 7���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c, 4 b absent; genu I���II without d; tarsi IV without tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (2 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 41 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 130���140, sc 2 - sc 2 61���63; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 21���23, sc 1 -sc 1 51���53, c 1 -c 1 21���23, c 2 -c 2 57���59, c 3 -c 3 92���95, d 1 -d 1 12��� 15, d 2 -d 2 43���48, d 3 -d 3 67���69, e 1 - e 1 8���9, e 2 - e 2 45���48, e 3 - e 3 51���53, f 2 -f 2 34���37, f 3 -f 3 29���37, h 1 -h 1 9���11, h 2 -h 2 16���20. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Setal lengths: v 2 22���24, sc 1 17���18, sc 2 16���19, c 1 19���21, c 2 17��� 19, c 3 12���14, d 1 15���16, d 2 14���16, d 3 12���13, e 1 16 ���17, e 2 13 ���14, e 3 12 ���13, f 2 13���14, f 3 11���14, h 1 13���14, h 2 13��� 14. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6���8 long, ventral 7 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a to leg IV with transverse striae; leg IV to posterior margin with some longitudinal striae. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25 ��� 33, 1 b 12���14, 3 a 26���27, ps 1 5, ps 2 5, ps 3 5. Legs. (Fig. 41 b, c) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0- 3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 3 long, ta II 2���3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Remarks. In our specimens, leg setae counts are markedly different to those presented by Smiley et al. (1996), who reported that coxa I had two setae (only one seta is present), the trochanters had 1 - 1-2 - 1 (our count 0- 0-1 -0, i.e. l ��� present on only tr III, v ��� absent on tr I���IV), the genua had 3 - 3 - 1 -0 (our count 1 - 1 -0-0), and the tarsi had 7 (1)- 7 (1)- 5 - 5 (our count 8 (1)- 8 (1)- 4 - 4). They also reported that seta 4 a was absent, but it is present. Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni differs from the new species presented here by the presence of dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 (absent in M. caperatus and M. forsteri)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 51-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185."]}

Palpipalpus Beard and Seeman gen. nov. Type species. Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 13 pairs of strongly barbed setae; c 2, d 2, e 2, and f 2 present; setae e 2 and f 2 inserted in more-or-less marginal position; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 2 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���2) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma partially concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (also in male); anterior margin of prodorsum with 1 pair of rounded lobes anterior to, but not bearing, setae v 2 (also in male); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 1 - 1 -2- 1; femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua 2 - 2 -0-0 (setae d and l������ present); tibiae 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV with tc������. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. Etymology. The name Palpipalpus is derived from palpus (a feeler) and is repeated to emphasise and allude to the swollen sensory solenidia of the palps and tarsi I���II in the male. Remarks. Palpipalpus most closely resembles Crossipalpus, with both genera sharing males with enlarged solenidia and only two pairs of ps setae. Palpipalpus differs to Crossipalpus by the presence of prodorsal lobes, seta tc������ on tarsi I���IV, seta f 2 on the dorsal opisthosoma, and the palp tibial seta (all absent in Crossipalpus)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Magdalenapalpus caperatus Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 42���47) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Coastal She-Oak Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory, Darwin, Nightcliffe Boat Ramp, 12 �� 22 ��� 46 ��� S 130 �� 50 ��� 34 ��� E, 19 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (MAGNT). Paratypes. Same data as holotype: 21 females, 1 pharate female, 5 deutonymphs, 7 protonymphs, 15 larvae (24 slides) (MAGNT, QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 absent. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed, subequal in length. Prodorsal and opisthosomal shield with extensive rugose and wrinkled sculpturing; lateral cuticle smooth. Dorsal opisthosomal setae d 1 -d 1 26���30, e 1 - e 1 23���25 apart. Posterior opisthosomal venter with thickened, barbed setae. FEMALE (n = 22). Dorsum. (Figs 42, 43) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 275���300 [290]; sc 2 -sc 2 98���105 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 32 ���35 [35], sc 1 -sc 1 76���78 [77], c 1 -c 1 31���35 [35], c 2 -c 2 59���77 [59], c 3 -c 3 135���145 [145], d 1 -d 1 26���30 [28], d 2 -d 2 91���105 [105], d 3 -d 3 115���130 [130], e 1 - e 1 23���25 [25], e 2 - e 2 91���105 [105], e 3 - e 3 94���110 [110], f 3 -f 3 80���92 [92], h 1 -h 1 29���32 [31], h 2 -h 2 47���58 [47]. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch (internal depth 15���16), forming pair of broad, fleshy lobes (Figs 42, 43); setae v 2 inserted under a fold on each lobe (Figs 42, 43). Prodorsal shield with rugose sculpturing. Opisthosomal shield with rugose-oblique sculpturing, becoming transverse-rugose medially. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields weakly tessellate to smooth. All dorsal setae barbed, broadly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 18���22 [18], sc 1 17���18 [17], sc 2 16���22 [22], c 1 16���20 [20], c 2 19���23 [19], c 3 18���19 [19], d 1 15���16 [16], d 2 16���18 [18], d 3 19���20 [19], e 1 13 ���15 [15], e 2 18 ���22 [22], e 3 18 ���20 [20], f 3 15���20 [15], h 1 15���16 [16], h 2 18���20 [20]. Palps. (Fig. 43) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 5���7 [5] long, ventral 8���9 [8] long; tarsal eupathidia 6, 8 long; solenidion 6���8 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 44 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4 a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined, ca. 25���30 [30] long, 38���40 [40] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ps 1���2 barbed; ps 3, g 1 -g 2, ag smooth or with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 36 ��� 50 [50], 1 b 20���29 [29], 2 b 14���17 [14], 2 c 19���23 [23], 3a 38 ��� 40 [40], 3 b 13���15 [15], 4a 23 ��� 37 [37], 4 b 12���14 [14], ag 1 18���21 [18], g 1 20���23 [23], g 2 18���20 [20], ps 1 14���15 [15], ps 2 12���14 [14], ps 3 7���12 [12]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 44 b) Spermathecal tube short, narrow, ps 2���3. Legs. (Fig. 45) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 10���12 [12] long, ta II 10���11 [11] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; v ��� absent on tr I���IV, l' present on tr III; genua I���II with d; tarsi I���IV without tc������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (4 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 245���270, sc 2 -sc 2 77���88; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���28, sc 1 -sc 1 70���74, c 1 -c 1 23���25, c 2 -c 2 68���69, c 3 -c 3 123���128, d 1 -d 1 19���20, d 2 -d 2 69���73, d 3 -d 3 93���99, e 1 - e 1 22���40, e 2 - e 2 85���88, e 3 - e 3 90, f 3 -f 3 65���70, h 1 -h 1 14���21, h 2 -h 2 34���40. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Opisthosomal shield with c 1 -c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse striae medially and smooth soft cuticle laterally. All dorsal setae lanceolate, except e 3, f 3, h 1, h 2 narrowly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 25���28, sc 1 17���18, sc 2 19���20, c 1 18���25, c 2 18���20, c 3 16���19, d 1 16, d 2 16���19, d 3 17���20, e 1 13 ���15, e 2 14 ���16, e 3 16 ���17, f 3 16���18, h 1 11���13, h 2 18���19. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7���9 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 6 long; solenidion 4���5 long. Venter. (Fig. 46 c) Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Ventral setae fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 37 ��� 42, 1 b 14���16, 2 b 11���12, 2 c 17���20, 3 a 30���32, 3 b 10���11, 4 a 17���26, 4 b 10���14, ag 1 10���13, g 1 12���15, ps 1 5���6, ps 2 6���8, ps 3 5���6. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). PROTONYMPH (7 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���210, sc 2 -sc 2 71���78; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20���24, sc 1 -sc 1 58���63, c 1 -c 1 17���22, c 2 -c 2 59���61, c 3 -c 3 100���108, d 1 -d 1 15���17, d 2 -d 2 57���61, d 3 -d 3 78���84, e 1 - e 1 12���14, e 2 - e 2 64���69, e 3 - e 3 66���71, f 3 -f 3 41���50, h 1 -h 1 9���15, h 2 -h 2 20���30. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Opisthosomal shield with c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse striae medially and smooth soft cuticle laterally. Dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate, except setae v 2, c 1, c 3, d 2, e 1 lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 20���24, sc 1 14���15, sc 2 17���18, c 1 18, c 2 16���18, c 3 12���16, d 1 15���16, d 2 15���16, d 3 14���15, e 1 11 ���14, e 2 14, e 3 13 ���15, f 3 12���13, h 1 9���10, h 2 12���13. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 4���5 long. Vent er. (Fig. 46 b) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Ventral setae fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 28 ��� 31, 1 b 13���17, 2 b 13���16, 3 a 23���25, 3 b 9���12, ag 1 8���9, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c, 4 b absent; genu I���II without d; tarsi IV without tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (15 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 47) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 150���170, sc 2 - sc 2 65���70; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 17���18, sc 1 -sc 1 49���51, c 1 -c 1 15���16, c 2 -c 2 52���54, c 3 -c 3 89���94, d 1 -d 1 11��� 13, d 2 -d 2 47���50, d 3 -d 3 67���72, e 1 - e 1 9���10, e 2 - e 2 55���59, e 3 - e 3 45���53, f 3 -f 3 31���34, h 1 -h 1 5���7, h 2 -h 2 16���18. Dorsal setae barbed; thin except for v 2, c 3, d 2 narrowly lanceolate and c 1, d 1 lanceolate. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Pygidial shield or platelets not apparent; cuticle with irregular transverse lines on soft cuticle. Setal lengths: v 2 13���18, sc 1 9���10, sc 2 12���13, c 1 13���15, c 2 14���16, c 3 9���10, d 1 10���14, d 2 10���11, d 3 8���9, e 1 9 ���10, e 2 9, e 3 7 ���10, f 3 9���10, h 1 8, h 2 8���11. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 long, ventral 5���6 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5, 6 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 46 a) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 18 ��� 23, 1 b 10���14, 3 a 20���23, ps 1 3���4, ps 2 3���4, ps 3 3���4. Legs. Setal formula for legs I��� III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 4 long, ta II 3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Etymology. The specific name derives from caperatus (wrinkled), alluding to the dorsal ornamentation. Remarks. This species was red in colour and found in cracks on bark. Our two new species of Magdalenapalpus have identical body and leg setation but are distinguished by the form of the dorsal setae and distance between d 1 -d 1 and e 1 -e 1. These new species were also collected from two different genera of host plant, Allocasuarina and Casuarina. Magdalenapalpus caperatus is similar to M. forsteri but can be separated by the shape of the dorsal setae which are broadly lanceolate in M. caperatus (narrowly lanceolate in M. forsteri), the distance between setae d 1 -d 1 26���30 (11���16 in M. forsteri) and between setae e 1 - e 1 23���25 (9���13 in M. forsteri)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 56-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus flumaquercus Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 98���102) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. River She-Oak Casuarina cunninghamiana (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Queensland, nr Biggenden, 3 km ENE Didcot, Didcot Creek, 25 �� 27 ��� 54 ������ S 151 �� 53 ��� 47 ������ E, 29 August 2004, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 6 females, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���340. Distance between e 2 -e 2 115���125. Prodorsal shield laterally with coarse folded sculpturing, medially with coarse reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with somewhat distinct paired mesonotal shields and pygidial shield; mesonotal region distinctly separated into 2 shields by smooth cuticle with a few coarse irregular longitudinal folds mesally; mesonotal and pygidial regions separated by smooth region with irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1. Lateral cuticle with> 80 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a entirely transverse to wavy. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 1.5 x 1.5, without grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 7). Dorsum. (Fig. 98 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���340 [330], sc 2 - sc 2 105���115 [110]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 24���33 [33], sc 1 -sc 1 83���90 [89], c 1 -c 1 27���32 [32], c 3 -c 3 140���145 [145], d 1 -d 1 15���20 [18], d 2 -d 2 130���135 [129], d 3 -d 3 115���125 [120], e 1 - e 1 13���19 [18], e 3 -e 3 100���115 [105], f 3 -f 3 79���90 [84], h 1 -h 1 21���30 [26], h 2 -h 2 49���65 [56]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21���26 [25]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v 2 (inserted ventrally). Prodorsal shield laterally with coarse folded sculpturing, medially with coarse reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Opisthosomal shield with somewhat distinct paired mesonotal shields and pygidial shield; mesonotal region distinctly separated into 2 shields by smooth cuticle with few coarse irregular longitudinal folds mesally; mesonotal and pygidial regions separated by smooth region with irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1. Surrounding cuticle almost completely papillate, papillae irregular. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section; medial setae only slightly broader than lateral setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15���20 [20], sc 1 14���17 [15], sc 2 18���20 [20], c 1 17���21 [21], c 3 17���19 [19], d 1 13���17 [14], d 2 16���20 [18], d 3 16���18 [17], e 1 10 ���12 [11], e 3 16 ���18 [18], f 3 14���20 [18], h 1 11���14 [12], h 2 15���18 [17]. Palps. (Fig. 98 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6 [6] long, ventral 8���9 [8] long; tarsal eupathidia 4 [5], 5���6 [6] long; solenidion 5���6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 99 a) Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield; setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 55 [35], 1 b 13���19 [14], 2 b 15���23 [18], 2 c 18���20 [20], 3a 35 ��� 50 [50], 3 b 11���12 [12], 4a 31 ��� 40 [31], 4 b 14���19 [15], ag 1 10���14 [10], g 1 17���23 [19], g 2 16���20 [16], ps 1 14��� 15 [15], ps 2 12���18 [18], ps 3 7���10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 99 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, ca. 100���115 [110] long. Spermatheca vesicle small, rounded to bean-shaped (1.5 x 1.5), without accessory structures, without granular appearance. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 100) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (10���11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6���7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���II with d, ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; tibiae III��� IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 101) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 285, sc 2 -sc 2 92; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 24, sc 1 -sc 1 76, c 1 not expressed on left hand side, c 3 -c 3 121, d 1 -d 1 17, d 2 -d 2 105, d 3 -d 3 93, e 1 - e 1 15, e 3 - e 3 86, f 3 -f 3 66, h 1 -h 1 21, h 2 -h 2 43. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially; with small lobe between setae v 2 beneath margin of shield. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with weak wrinkled sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern. Opisthosomal shield appears absent, cuticle mostly folded transversely, becoming oblique-longitudinal posteriorly. Pore visible laterad c 1. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section. Setal lengths: v 2 22, sc 1 broken, sc 2 21, c 1 15, c 3 21, d 1 16, d 2 20, d 3 19, e 1 14, e 3 19, f 3 18, h 1 13, h 2 17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 4 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia both 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 102 a) Cuticle mostly smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 39, 1 b 8, 2 b 8, 2 c 17, 3a 35, 3 b 8, 4a 35, 4 b 9, ag 1 9, g 1 14, ps 1 12, ps 2 8, ps 3 7. Legs. (Fig. 102 b) Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6 long, ta II 5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��' - p��" (4���5 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 235, sc 1 -sc 1 74; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 24, sc 2 -sc 2 85, c 1 -c 1 21, c 3 -c 3 110, d 1 -d 1 15, d 2 -d 2 86, d 3 -d 3 80, e 1 - e 1 11, e 3 - e 3 71, f 3 -f 3 53, h 1 -h 1 33, h 2 -h 2 16. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially, with small lobe between setae v 2, beneath margin of shield. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with wrinkled-grooved sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern. Opisthosomal shield absent; cuticle with sparse transverse folds, becoming obliquelongitudinal posteriorly. All dorsal shield short, barbed, thick. Setal lengths: v 2 22, sc 1 14, sc 2 17, c 1 16, c 3 16, d 1 9, d 2 16, d 3 15, e 1 9, e 3 15, f 3 16, h 1 10, h 2 15. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, ventral 4 long; tarsal eupathidia both 4 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital-anal region. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28, 1 b 10, 2 c 15, 3a 20, 3 b 8, ag 1 7, ps 1 4, ps 2 4, ps 3 4. Legs. (Fig. 102 c) Setal formula (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-2 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 5, 4 long; ta II 5, 3 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���III without l ���; tibiae III���IV without d; tarsi I��� III without tc ������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name derives from the latinisation of the common name ���River Oak���. Remarks. Females of Ph. flumaquercus have slightly smaller features than female Ph. agohoi, even though the body size is greater (328���340 versus 300���310 for v 2 -h 1). In addition, P. flumaquercus can be separated from P. agohoi by having a coarsely rugose prodorsum, while the latter has a finely reticulate prodorsum. These mites were collected from the needle-like stems of the host plant, which was growing in woodland with Corymbia tessellaris and Eucalyptus tereticornis, both Myrtaceae, on sandy alluvium., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Chaudhripalpus creelae (Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996) (Figs 1���6) Crossipalpus creelae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 176, fig. 21. Chaudhripalpus creelae, Mesa et al. 2009: 57, fig. 19. Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Bull-Oak Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 16 km E Mt Mary, 14 December 1995, coll. W. Frost [on same slide as 2 paratypes of Ch. creelae and 2 specimens of Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley, Frost and Gerson) (WINC)]. Paratypes. 11 females, 4 protonymphs, 1 larva, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (6 slides; WINC); 4 females and 1 protonymph, same data as holotype (5 slides; only 1 female in good condition); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on same slide as 1 female of Ma. strandtmanni; USNM); 1 female and 1 deutonymph, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on same slide as 1 female of Ma. strandtmanni; USNM). Diagnosis. Prodorsal cuticle with coarse, longitudinally lineate sculpturing. Dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striate sculpturing posteriorly; longitudinal folding between setae c 1 -d 1 and d 1 -e 1; olique folds and striate sculpturing laterally. Dorsal setae concave. Ventral setae ps 1���2 lanceolate, barbed, seta ps 3 smooth. Trochanters I���IV 1 - 1 - 1 -0 (v ��� present on tr I���II, added in adult, v' absent on tr III���IV; l' present on tr III, added in protonymph). FEMALE (n = 18). Dorsum. (Figs 1, 2 a, b) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 235���280 [265]; sc 2 -sc 2 86���100 [92]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27���35 [32], sc 1 -sc 1 73���89 [84], c 1 -c 1 22���26 [26], c 3 -c 3 105���120 [115], d 1 -d 1 16���26 [22], d 3 -d 3 93���110 [96], e 1 - e 1 17���27 [22], e 3 - e 3 98���109 [100], f 3 -f 3 88���96 [96], h 1 -h 1 21���25 [25], h 2 -h 2 57���69 [69]. Gnathosoma entirely or almost entirely concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 2 a, b). Cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced to form 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (with median notch formed between lobes), anterior to and folded under anterior margin of prodorsum; lobes often appear slightly retracted back into prosoma, under an anterior fold (Fig. 2); setae v 2 inserted on (Fig. 1) or under edge of anterior fold (Figs 2 a, b). Prodorsal shield weakly developed; cuticle with longitudinal folds and striations. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed; cuticle with longitudinal folds between c 1 -c 1 and posterior to e 1 -e 1; cuticle with transverse to oblique folds between central setae and lateral setae. All dorsal setae palmate, barbed, concave like a scoop (see v 2 in Fig. 1; setae f 3, h 1, h 2 in Fig. 3). Setal lengths: v 2 16��� 20 [16], sc 1 14���17 [16, 17], sc 2 14���21 [18], c 1 15���18 [16, 17], c 3 16���21 [17, 19], d 1 13���16 [13, 14], d 3 16���21 [18, 20], e 1 13 ���15 [13, 14], e 3 15 ���21 [19], f 3 15���20 [18, 19], h 1 12���17 [15], h 2 14���20 [17, 18]. Palps. (Fig. 2) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 s+ 1 e). Tarsal eupathidium seta-like 7���10 [10] long; solenidion 7���9 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 3) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1 a - 3 a; striae longitudinal between setae 3 a - 4 a; band of striae transverse midway between 4 a and ag; striae anterior ag longitudinal, fine; striae surrounding genital region broadly separated, coarse, mostly longitudinal. Genital flap weakly developed, mostly smooth with some weak folds centrally; genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row along posterior margin of flap, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2; g 1���2 broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; ag lanceolate, barbed. Pseudanal setae ps 1���3 inserted medially on weakly defined anal plates in longitudinal line; ps 1���2 broadly lanceolate, broader than ps 3, strongly barbed; ps 3 lanceolate, weakly barbed. Coxal setae 1 b, 2 b, 3 b, 4 b fine, weakly barbed; setae 2 c thickened, barbed; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a with thickened bases, tapering to fine tip. Setal lengths: 1a 29 ��� 58 [29], 1 b 16��� 27 [16], 2 b 15���26 [18], 2 c 16���19 [17], 3a 31 ��� 55 [31], 3 b 14���23 [14], 4a 23 ��� 52 [34], 4 b 13���22 [13], ag 1 11���17 [11, 15], g 1 11���16 [15], g 2 11���15 [15], ps 1 8���11 [11], ps 2 8���13 [11], ps 3 9���12 [12]. Spermatheca. Not visible. Legs. (Fig. 4) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi): 1 - 1-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9���11 [9, 10] long, ta II 9���11 [9, 10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I with both 6���7 [7] long; ta II with both 6���7 [6, 7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c, tr III���IV without seta v ���; ge I���IV without setae; ta I���IV without seta tc������. Setae v' added to tr I���II. DEUTONYMPH (1 paratype). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 243, sc 2 -sc 2 89; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 28, sc 1 -sc 1 78, c 1 -c 1 22, c 3 -c 3 122, d 1 -d 1 23, d 3 -d 3 93, e 1 - e 1 21, e 3 - e 3 93, f 3 -f 3 88, h 1 -h 1 23, h 2 -h 2 60. Dorsum with mostly weak transverse folds, some longitudinal on prodorsum. Triangular lobes between gnathosoma and prodorsum not developed; notch not developed. Dorsal setae with strongly developed basal stalk; Setal lengths: v 2 16���17, sc 1 14, sc 2 15, c 1 15���16, c 3 16, d 1 15, d 3 17, e 1 15, e 3 15, f 3 16, h 1 12���13, h 2 14. Palps. (Fig. 5 b) Palps similar to adult. Tarsal eupathidium 8 long, solenidion 4���5 long. Venter. (Fig. 5 a) Cuticle with fine longitudinal striae on gnathosoma to setae 1 a; transverse striae between setae 1 a and just anterior to setae ag; longitudinal striae from just anterior setae ag to g 1; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c thickened, barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 42, 1 b 22, 2 b 16���18, 2 c 16���19, 3 a 40, 3 b 17, 4a 28, 4 b 18, ag 1 12��� 13, g 1 12���13, ps 1 7, ps 2 6, ps 3 7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6 long). Leg setation as in adult, except: tr I���III without v ��� (typical deutonymphal seta delayed to adult stage; see Table 1). PROTONYMPH (5 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 170���195, sc 2 -sc 2 75���80; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 19���23, sc 1 -sc 1 67���70, c 1 -c 1 21���24, c 3 -c 3 91���110, d 1 -d 1 19���21, d 3 -d 3 72���74, e 1 - e 1 13���16, e 3 - e 3 73���77, f 3 -f 3 50���61, h 1 -h 1 12���14, h 2 -h 2 31���33. Gnathosoma exposed or partially concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum. Triangular lobes between gnathosoma and prodorsum not developed; notch not developed. Dorsum with sparse striae and folds between areas of smooth cuticle. Setae strongly spatulate or palmate with narrow stalk-like base. Setal lengths: v 2 13���17, sc 1 11���14, sc 2 12���19, c 1 13���15, c 3 11���16, d 1 11���17, d 3 12���15, e 1 13 ���15, e 3 12 ���14, f 3 11���14, h 1 9���11, h 2 11���13. Palps. Palps similar to adult; solenidion 3���4, eupathidium 6���7. Venter. Cuticle with longitudinal striae on gnathosoma to setae 1 a; with transverse striae between setae 1 a and ag; with longitudinal striae laterad anal region. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28 ��� 32, 1 b 11���14, 2 b 8���14, 3 a 28���39, 3 b 13���15, ag 1 11���13, ps 1 7, ps 2 7, ps 3 7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi): 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph, except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tarsi IV without seta tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (2 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 6) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 155, sc 2 -sc 2 67; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 18, sc 1 -sc 1 51, c 1 -c 1 16, c 3 -c 3 83, d 1 -d 1 16, d 3 -d 3 61, e 1 - e 1 9, e 3 - e 3 57, f 3 -f 3 44, h 1 - h 1 12, h 2 -h 2 24. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma without platelets, with coarse transverse wrinkled striae between c 1 -d 1. All dorsal setae strongly palmate, barbed, with narrow stalk-like base, except v 2 tapered, setiform, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 15���16, sc 1 8���9, sc 2 10, c 1 11���12, c 3 10, d 1 10, d 3 11, e 1 9, e 3 9 ���10, f 3 9���10, h 1 7���8, h 2 9���10. Palps. (Fig. 6) Palps similar to adult; 1 solenidion 3 long, and 1 seta-like eupathidium 5���7 long. Venter. Cuticle mostly transverse with some longitudinal striae around anal region. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21, 1 b 11, 3a 24, ps 1 5���6, ps 2 5���6, ps 3 5���6. Legs. (Fig. 6) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4���5 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph, except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I��� III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Hosts and distribution. This species was described from Bull-Oak Al. luehmannii near Mt Mary in South Australia. Remarks. Mesa et al. (2009) listed incorrect leg setal counts (see above description for correct counts). The additional material examined in this study was not listed in the original description by Smiley et al. (1996). The host is incorrectly spelt on the slide as Al. luehmanni, instead of Al. luehmannii. This mite species exhibits an unusual ontogeny with the expression of seta v ��� on the trochanters, i.e. v ��� is delayed until the adult stage on trochanters I���II and is totally absent on trochanters III���IV (this seta usually first appears on trochanters I���III in the deutonymph, and on trochanters IV in the adult, see Table 1). Chaudhripalpus creelae can be separated from Ch. costacola by the presence of v' on trochanters I���II and absence on tr III���IV (v' absent on tr I���IV in Ch. costacola, i.e. tr I, II, IV nude) and the presence of broadly lanceolate setae ps 1���2 (narrowly setiform in Ch. costacola). Notes: Grey cells indicate where setae are present (if the species possesses the seta at all). Cells with an X show setae that are sometimes delayed to the adult stage see descriptions of Chaudhripalpus creelae and Palpipalpus hesperius). Genu IV is bare in all taxa and is not listed. Cx Cx Cx Tr Tr Tr Tr Fe Fe Fe Cx I II III IV I II III IV Fe I II III IV 1 a 1 b 1 c 2 b 2 c 3 a 3 b 4 a 4 b v' v' l' v' v' d v' bv'' d v' bv'' d ev' ev' Larva PN DN X X X Adult Ge Ge Ti Ti Ti Ti Ge I II III I II III IV l' d l'��� l' d l'��� l' d l' v' v'' d l' v' v'' d v' v'' d v' v'' Larva PN DN Adult Ta Ta I-II III TaIV u' u'' p' p'' tc' tc'' ft' ft'' ��'' u' u'' tc' tc'' ft' u' u'' tc' tc'' ft' Larva PN DN Adult, Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 7-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185."]}

Meyeraepalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 Type species. Meyeraepalpus delfinadae Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 13 pairs of broadly lanceolate dorsal setae; c 2, d 2 and e 2 present; setae e 2 and f 2 in sublateral position aligned with c 2 and d 2, not on margin; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5 -segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1); 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates; immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections or notches. Adult female: Anterior margin of prodorsum with triangular lobes present, within anterior prodorsal concavity, anterior to setae v 2; gnathosoma partially concealed by prodorsum; ventral plate weakly developed, membranous; genital plate weakly developed, membranous. Coxal seta 1 c present. Solenidia of male swollen, much larger than those of female. Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) designated Meyeraepalpus delfinadae as the type species for the genus, which also included Me. strandtmanni. Mesa et al. (2009) moved Me. delfinadae to Aegyptobia and erected the new genus Magdalenapalpus for Me. strandtmanni. Recently we were able to recollect Me. delfinadae, remount specimens studied by Smiley et al. (1996), study fresh specimens under the low temperature scanning electron microscope, and perform a cladistic analysis to show that Meyeraepalpus is in fact a valid genus, and is rediagnosed above. We agree with Mesa et al. (2009) that the second species originally grouped with Me. delfinadae, Ma. strandtmanni, does in fact represent a different genus and accept Magdalenapalpus, which we also redescribe and rediagnose., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092","Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185."]}

Tegopalpus Womersley, 1940 Type species. Tegopalpus conicus Womersley, 1940, by monotypy. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 9 pairs of short broadly lanceolate setae; c 2, d 2, e 2 and f 2 absent; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 3 -segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 2 (1); immature stages with anterior of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma completely concealed by prodorsum; cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced into 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (with median notch formed between the lobes), anterior to and folded under anterior margin of prodorsum and setae v 2, often appear slightly retracted back into body; genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� absent on tr I���IV); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua I���IV nude; tibiae I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 2 (v������ absent on ti I���IV); tarsi I���IV without tc������. Solenidia of male of similar thickness and length as in female. Remarks. This monotypic genus is close to Chaudhripalpus, differing only in having a three-segmented palp (instead of four) and tibiae I���IV lacking setae v������. Here, we tentatively retain Chaudhripalpus as a separate genus, as the three-segmented palp of Tegopalpus is autapomorphic within the Tegopalpinae and mites found on Casuarinaceae., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on page 128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Womersley, H. (1940) Studies in Australian Acarina Tetranychidae and Trichadenidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 64, 233 - 265."]}

Pentamerismus hicklingorum Seeman and Beard sp. nov. (Figs 88���94) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Coastal She-Oak, Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Southeast Queensland, Beachmere, Bayside Drive, 27 �� 05��� 52 ������ S, 153 ��05��� 21 ������ E, 25 June 2010, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM). Paratypes. 8 females, 3 males, 2 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f 2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0- 0-1 - 3 (1), with palp tibial setae l������PTi absent, l���PTi present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield notched, forming 1 pair of short rounded lobes. Dorsal shields coarsely rugose with broadly rounded folds and weak reticulation; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; lateral margins of opisthosoma coarsely papillate. Setae ag lanceolate, barbed; setae g 1���2 fine, barbed; setae ps 1���3 fine, ps 1 barbed slightly thicker than ps 2���3, ps 2���3 fine, smooth. Seta 1 c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I���II lanceolate; seta ev ��� on femora III fine, smooth; setae v ���, v������ on tibiae III fine, smooth. FEMALE (n = 9). Dorsum. (Figs 88 a, 94) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 230���270 [240], sc 2 -sc 2 105���110 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 46 ���51 [51], sc 1 -sc 1 79���87 [83], c 1 -c 1 51���55 [54], c 2 -c 2 115��� 120 [115], c 3 -c 3 155���160 [155], d 1 -d 1 37���44 [37], d 2 -d 2 97���100 [98], d 3 -d 3 140���145 [140], e 1 - e 1 35���41 [36], e 2 -e 2 135���140 [135], e 3 -e 3 120���130 [125], f 2 -f 2 105���120 [110], f 3 -f 3 85���100 [87], h 1 -h 1 23���31 [24], h 2 -h 2 47��� 60 [56]. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small rounded lobes, forming short medial notch (internal depth 6���8). Dorsal shields coarsely rugose with broadly rounded folds and weak reticulation (Fig. 94). Lateral cuticle surrounding shields coarsely papillate; cuticle between shields rugose. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 24���30 [25], sc 1 25���28 [25], sc 2 28���31 [31], c 1 25���31 [28], c 2 20���29 [25], c 3 22���26 [26], d 1 19���26 [24], d 2 22���24 [23], d 3 25���27 [27], e 1 18 ���22 [18], e 2 20 ���25 [23], e 3 18 ���21 [20], f 2 18���20 [20], f 3 17���22 [18], h 1 17���19 [19], h 2 17���19 [19]. Palps. (Fig. 88 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 9���10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5���6 [6], 6���8 [7] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 89 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal just anterior to setae ag, becoming coarse around genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 25 diameter, weakly rugose. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield mostly smooth, margins irregular, 30���33 [33] long, 41���44 [42] wide; anal setae ps 1���3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 lanceolate, barbed; g 1���2 fine, barbed; setae ps 1���3 fine; ps 1 barbed slightly thicker than ps 2���3; ps 2���3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 51 ��� 58 [54], 1 b 25���30 [26], 2 b 21���23 [21], 2 c 17���18 [18], 3a 40 ��� 58 [45], 3 b 13���15 [15], 4a 40 ��� 45 [45], 4 b 11���15 [11], ag 1 16���21 [21], g 1 22���24 [22], g 2 19���22 [19], ps 1 13���15 [15], ps 2 13���14 [14], ps 3 7���8 [7]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 89 b) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, Legs. (Fig. 90) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 13���14 [14] long, ta II 13 [13] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6���7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except coxae I without 1 c. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 91) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���200, sc 2 -sc 2 86���91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 34 ���35, sc 1 -sc 1 68���69, c 1 -c 1 32���33, c 2 -c 2 90���92, c 3 -c 3 115���125, d 1 -d 1 22���28, d 2 -d 2 73���81, d 3 -d 3 100���105, e 1 - e 1 34���40, e 2 - e 2 90���92, e 3 - e 3 91���96, f 2 -f 2 80���83, f 3 -f 3 63���65, h 1 -h 1 16���20, h 2 -h 2 41��� 45. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair of small lobes forming a short medial notch (internal depth 5���6). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Medial soft cuticle striated, lateral cuticle reticulated to striated. Setal lengths: v 2 21���22, sc 1 17, sc 2 21, c 1 18���20, c 2 17���22, c 3 16��� 17, d 1 13���15, d 2 13���15, d 3 14���16, e 1 13 ���15, e 2 15 ���16, e 3 15 ���16, f 2 15, f 3 14���16, h 1 13���15, h 2 15���16. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8���10 long; tarsal eupathidia 5���6, 7 long; solenidion 7 long. Venter. (Fig. 92 a) Striae entirely transverse, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 25���35 in diameter; g 1���2, ps 1���3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed. Seta ag 1 lanceolate, barbed; g 1 barbed; g 2, ps 2, ps 3 smooth; ps 1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 38 ��� 50, 1 b 22���26, 2 b 15, 2 c 15���17, 3 a 37���45, 3 b 11���15, 4 a 40���45, 4 b 15���25, ag 1 13���16, g 1 6���7, g 2 14���15, ps 1 8���14, ps 2 7���10, ps 3 6���8. Aedeagus. (Fig. 92 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 65���68 long; curved in 2 preparations. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus. Legs. Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (15���17 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 2). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 185���195, sc 2 -sc 2 90��� 91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 30, sc 1 -sc 1 73���75, c 1 -c 1 28���30, c 2 -c 2 88���96, c 3 -c 3 122���131, d 1 -d 1 23���25, d 2 -d 2 81, d 3 -d 3 110���114, e 1 - e 1 27���28, e 2 -e 2 103���105, e 3 - e 3 95���102, f 2 -f 2 79���90, f 3 -f 3 70���75, h 1 -h 1 21���22, h 2 -h 2 43��� 48. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial lobes or notch. Prodorsal shield poorly defined, with fine oblique-longitudinal striations. Transverse striae between setal row C to midway between rows D and E; then opisthosomal shield region with irregular polygons arranged in oblique to longitudinal pattern. Setae v 2, sc 1 thickened slightly, barbed; setae sc 2 narrowly lanceolate; opisthosomal setae lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 10���16, sc 1 15���16, sc 2 15���18, c 1 16���17, c 2 16���21, c 3 21���23, d 1 13���17, d 2 19���20, d 3 27, e 1 16 ���19, e 2 23 ���27, e 3 20 ���22, f 2 21���25, f 3 21���22, h 1 16���19, h 2 16���21. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 7 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Striation similar to female; anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed; setae ag 1 and ps 1 with few or no barbs; other setae smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33 ��� 35, 1 b 14��� 15, 2 b 10���11, 2 c 13���14, 3 a 25���40, 3 b 8���12, 4 a 19���29, 4 b 7���10, ag 1 13���14, g 1 11���12, ps 1 6, ps 2 6, ps 3 6. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 3-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 1-3 - 5, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 6���8 long, ta II 6���7 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (about 5 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 145, sc 2 -sc 2 80; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27, sc 1 -sc 1 66, c 1 -c 1 20, c 2 -c 2 83, c 3 -c 3 110, d 1 -d 1 19, d 2 -d 2 71, d 3 -d 3 92, e 1 - e 1 18, e 2 - e 2 78, e 3 - e 3 70, f 2 -f 2 48, f 3 -f 3 45, h 1 missing on left hand side, h 2 -h 2 23. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Dorsal cuticle similar to deutonymph, except opisthosoma with coarse irregular striae only. Setae similar in length to those of adult; narrowly lanceolate, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 19, sc 1 14, sc 2 15, c 1 19, c 2 19, c 3 20, d 1 17, d 2 23, d 3 23, e 1 23, e 2 25, e 3 20, f 2 24, f 3 23, h 1 23, h 2 18. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle same as deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal and anal setae fine, except 2 a with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 33, 1 b 8, 2 b 10, 3a 35, 3 b 10, ag 1 9, ps 1 5, ps 2 5, ps 3 5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 1- 4 - 9 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 1-3 - 5, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (3-4 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I���III without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta d, l������; ta IV without setae tc ���, tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 4). Dorsum. (Fig. 93) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 110���125, sc 2 -sc 2 56��� 59; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���27, sc 1 -sc 1 48���51, c 1 -c 1 14���17, c 2 -c 2 57���63, c 3 -c 3 81���87, d 1 -d 1 9���11, d 2 -d 2 51���58, d 3 -d 3 68���74, e 1 - e 1 7, e 2 - e 2 52���57, e 3 - e 3 41���46, f 2 -f 2 30���35, f 3 -f 3 22���28, h 1 -h 1 9���10, h 2 -h 2 13���14. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, with longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae, becoming oblique posteriorly. Setae similar in length to those of adult; setae narrowly lanceolate to thickened, barbed; setae d 1 and e 1 broadest; setae h 2 narrowest. Setal lengths: v 2 14���18, sc 1 12���15, sc 2 14���16, c 1 15���19, c 2 15, c 3 11���14, d 1 20, d 2 14���16, d 3 13���16, e 1 18 ���22, e 2 14 ���17, e 3 15 ���16, f 2 15, f 3 15���16, h 1 14���16, h 2 16���18. Palps. (Fig. 93) Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6���7 long; tarsal eupathidia both 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to setae 3 a, longitudinal to anal area, slightly coarser around anal area. Anal setae ps 1���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28 ��� 37, 1 b 13���19, 3 a 32���40, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 4���5, ps 3 4���5. Legs. (Fig. 93) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 1-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 1-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���, tc������. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that the manuscript���s second author names this species for his mother���s family, the Hicklings. Remarks. Pentamerismus hicklingorum is similar to P. w a rd o, but can be separated by having one seta on the palp tibia (two setae on the palp tibia of P. w a rd o) and the dorsal cuticle having broadly rounded folds (weakly reticulate on P. w a rd o). Individual adults were found in close association with their cast nymphal skins (Fig. 94), and often still within the deutonymphal and/or protonymphal skins., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 104-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus belah Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 103���104) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29 �� 21 ��� 20 ��� S 150 ��00��� 24 ��� E, 21 August. 2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (QM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 305���315. Distance between e 2 -e 2 115���120. Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated. Lateral cuticle with 3 a- 4 a entirely transverse. Spermatheca round, 2 x 2, without grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 103 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 307���315 [315], sc 2 - sc 2 105 ��� 105 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 27���30 [29], sc 1 -sc 1 80���82 [82], c 1 -c 1 28���32 [31], c 3 -c 3 135���140 [140], d 1 -d 1 17���19 [18], d 3 -d 3 125���130 [125], e 1 - e 1 17���20 [18], e 2 -e 2 115���120 [115], e 3 -e 3 100���105 [100], f 3 -f 3 80���82 [82], h 1 -h 1 20���26 [26], h 2 -h 2 51���55 [55]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21���23 [23]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v 2 (inserted dorsally). Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinaloblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated; pair of strong longitudinal folds laterad d 1 -d 1; irregular transverse folds between d 1 -e 1; longitudinal folds to weak reticulation between e 1 -h 1. Lateral cuticle with v 2 15 [15], sc 1 14 [14], sc 2 17���18 [18], c 1 17���19 [19], c 3 15��� 16 [16], d 1 15���16 [15], d 3 16���17 [17], e 1 13 ���14 [13], e 2 15 ���17 [16], e 3 15 ���17 [15], f 3 16���19 [17], h 1 12���14 [13], h 2 16���18 [18]. Palps. (Fig. 103 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 [6] long, ventral 8���10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5 [5], 5���7 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 104 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 4 a with transverse striae; cuticle posterior to cx IV transverse, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 34 ��� 44 [44], 1 b 17���18 [17], 2 b 12���13 [13], 2 c 16���18 [16], 3a 40 ��� 48 [48], 3 b 16 [16], 4a 29 ��� 38 [29], 4 b 13���16 [16], ag 1 15 [15], g 1 17���19 [19], g 2 16���18 [18], ps 1 14���16 [16], ps 2 15���17 [15], ps 3 13���14 [14]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 104 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95���110 [95] long, ending in small rounded membranous vesicle (2 x 2), subtended by 1 pair of minute circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Figs 103 a, 104 c) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0- 2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (9���10 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 7���8 [7] long; ta II 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. OTHER STAGES. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name refers to the common name of the host ��� Belah ���. Remarks. Philippipalpus belah lacks the extensive papillation on the soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in Philippipalpus agohoi and Ph. flumaquercus. Philippipalpus belah females have smoother cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, and more medial wrinkles and folds between setae c 1 -h 1 than do females of Ph. nigraquercus. This species was found in association with Pentamerismus sititoris and Chaudhripalpus costacola., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 121-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978 (Figs 95���97) Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978: 220, fig. 5. Philippipalpus agohoi Smiley et al. (1996): 172, figs 11���15. Type material examined. 5 female paratypes ex. Coastal She-Oak (���Agoho���) Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae), THE PHILIPPINES, Cagayan, Sta. Ana, 31 March 1977, coll. J.M. Sotto (USNM, 2 slides). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 300���310. Distance between e 2 -e 2 130���140. Prodorsal shield with oblique depressions, covered with fine reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with 4���5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4���5 smooth ridges in sublateral cuticle associated with depressions; mesonotal region indistinctly separated from pygidial region. Lateral cuticle with> 100 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with mixed striae. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 2 x 2, with granulate appearance. FEMALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 95 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 300���310, sc 2 - sc 2 115���125; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 25���38, sc 1 -sc 1 88���95, c 1 -c 1 35���42, c 3 -c 3 150���165, d 1 -d 1 26���29, d 3 -d 3 135���150, e 1 - e 1 16���23, e 2 -e 2 130���140, e 3 -e 3 115���120, f 3 -f 3 90���98, h 1 -h 1 21���28, h 2 -h 2 58���67. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of the prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 15���19), forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes; setae v 2 inserted beneath a fold on the lobes; anterior notch located within a weak depression (Fig. 95 a). Prodorsal shield with fine reticulation of small cells; 4���5 pairs of oblique depressions and associated oblique ridges on lateral margin of shield medad setae sc 1���2; laterad cuticle strongly papillate. Three pairs of tiny pores present sublaterally, in longitudinal row. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shield (sejugal region) obviously papillate. Opisthosomal shield with smooth to folded and papillate sculpturing medially between c 1 ���e 1; 4���5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4���5 pairs of smooth transverse ridges in sublateral cuticle between the depressions; lateral cuticle strongly papillate; posterior cuticle between e 1 ���h 1 finely striate to reticulate. Paired tiny pores between each of c 1 ���c 3, d 1 ���d 3, and 2 pairs sublateral to e 1; 1 pair of large pores present medad d 3 ���e 3 (total 5 pairs of pores visible). All dorsal setae barbed, thick, with triangular cross-section (except e 1, h 1). Setal lengths: v 2 17��� 20, sc 1 18���22, sc 2 21���23, c 1 19���24, c 3 18���23, d 1 13���18, d 3 21���22, e 1 12 ���15, e 2 21 ���24, e 3 21 ���24, f 3 20���23, h 1 14���16, h 2 19���22. Palps. (Fig. 95 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 long, ventral 9���11 long; tarsal eupathidia 5���7 long, 7���8 long; solenidion 6���7 long. Venter. (Fig. 96 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1 b - 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a - 3 a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3 a - 3 a; 3 a - 4 a with transverse to wavy striae; 4 a - 4 a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4 a, then longitudinal around the genital region. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield membranous, weakly developed, smooth. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 52 ��� 78, 1 b 20���28, 2 b 18���22, 2 c 21���23, 3 a 48���74, 3 b 22���31, 4 a 44��� 53, 4 b 26���29, ag 1 15���19, g 1 21���25, g 2 18���21, ps 1 14���17, ps 2 13���17, ps 3 9���12. Spermatheca. (Fig. 96 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 100���105 long, ending in a granular, membranous vesicle. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. (Fig. 97) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (10���11 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'- p��" (7���8, 8 ��� 9 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���II with d, ge I���IV without l ���, ge I���II without l������; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. OTHER STAGES. Unknown. Remarks. The redescription of Smiley et al. (1996) reported two setae on genu I, but there is only one dorsal seta present on this segment. Also, they reported the setal count on tarsi I���II as 6 (1), but the count is actually 8 (1). Philippipalpus agohoi and P. flumaquercus are similar in that they both have strongly papillate dorsolateral cuticle, and can be separated from P. nigraquercus and P. belah that both have smooth to weakly papillate dorslateral cuticle. Philippipalpus agohoi can be separated from P. flumaquercus by having a finely reticulate prodorsum, while the latter has a coarsely rugose prodorsum. The host genus, Casuarina, is the most widespread genus in the family, and Ca. equisetifolia is the most widely distributed species within the genus, with a littoral distribution ranging across tropical and subtropical coastlines of northern and northeastern Australia, Burma to Vietnam, Malesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (Johnson & Wilson 1989). This plant has also been introduced to the southern United States, West Africa and Madagascar (Johnson & Wilson 1989). The wide present day distribution of Ca. equisetifolia is an example of the ability of Casuarinaceae species to achieve dispersal by wind and sea (and highly likely by humans) (Steane et al. 2003). In a phylogenetic study by Steane et al. (2003), two subspecies of Ca. equisetifolia, subsp. equisetifolia and subsp. incana, collected from Queensland, Australia, grouped with Casuarina species from the Indomalesian region, rather than with other Australian endemic species. Such a grouping suggests that Ca. equisetifolia is either a relatively new species that came to Australia from Indomalesia, or it evolved in Australia (from an ancestor shared with the other Indomalesian taxa) and then dispersed to other regions (Steane et al. 2003). The origin of this species is of great interest in terms of the origin of Ph. agohoi which is the only non-Australian species in the Tegopalpinae. Records of Ca. equisetifolia from India, the Mascarene Islands (near Madagascar) and other tropical areas are regarded as relatively recent deliberate or accidental introductions (Johnson & Wilson 1989)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Corpuz-Raros, L. A. (1978) New Philippine Tetranychoidea (Acarina). Kalikasan, Philippines Journal of Biology, 7 (3), 211 - 230.","Johnson, L. A. S. & Wilson, K. L. (1989) Casuarinaceae: a synopsis. In: Crane, P. R. & Blackmore, S. (Eds.), Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, Volume 2: \" Higher Hamamelidae. \" Systematics Association Special Volume No. 40 B, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 167 - 188.","Steane, D. A., Wilson, K. L. & Hill, R. S. (2003) Using mat K sequence data to unravel the phylogeny of Casuarinaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28, 47 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / s 1055 - 7903 (03) 00028 - 9"]}

Crossipalpus raveni Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 32���37) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Woolly Oak Allocasuarina inophloia (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Moonie Highway, 90 km W Moonie, 27 �� 56 ��� 57 ��� S 149 �� 31 ��� 19 ��� E, 0 5 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM; BRI voucher PIF 32483). Paratypes. 9 females, 5 males, and 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae e 1 shortest. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I���II with seta d, without l������; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female. FEMALE (n = 10). Dorsum. (Fig. 32 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 310���365 in 9 paratypes [355]; sc 2 -sc 2 100���110 [110]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���24 [24], sc 1 -sc 1 86���98 [98], c 1 -c 1 15���22 [22], c 2 -c 2 100���115 [115], c 3 -c 3 125���145 [135], d 1 -d 1 14���21 [21], d 2 -d 2 85���95 [94], d 3 -d 3 110���120 [120], e 1 - e 1 14���18 [16], e 2 -e 2 100���110 [110], e 3 - e 3 89���100 [95], f 3 -f 3 70���80 [73], h 1 -h 1 12���17 [13], h 2 -h 2 35���54 [48]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with oblique grooves laterally, longitudinal grooves medially. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with oblique-longitudinal lineate grooves, becoming transverse between setae d 1 -e 1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields smooth. Dorsal setae lanceolate, barbed; setae e 1 shorter than other setae. Setal lengths: v 2 21��� 25 [22], sc 1 20���25 [20], sc 2 20���22 [20], c 1 15���19 [15], c 2 14���20 [16], c 3 17���21 [18], d 1 12���19 [15], d 2 14���21 [18], d 3 17���21 [18], e 1 7 ���9 [8], e 2 17 ���24 [19], e 3 17 ���24 [20], f 3 18���23 [21], h 1 9���12 [11], h 2 21���24 [21]. Palps. (Fig. 32 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial seta 9���11 [9] long; tarsal eupathidia 6 [6], 5 [5] long; solenidion 4���5 [4] long. Venter. (Fig. 33 a) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1 a - 3 a, longitudinal between setae 3 a - 4 a, then convex for 20���30 ��m, striae longitudinal posterior to setae 4 a; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield smooth, poorly developed; anal setae ps 1���2 inserted medially on anal plates in longitudinal line; seta ps 3 absent. Coxal setae fine, 2 c barbed; setae ag 1, g 1���2, ps 1���2 fine, with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 64 ��� 83 [64], 1 b 18���30 [21], 2 b 18���25 [18], 2 c 18���21 [19], 3a 35 ��� 66 [35], 3 b 16���22 [17], 4a 42 ��� 92 [45], 4 b 14���26 [15], ag 1 14���18 [14], g 1 20���24 [21], g 2 18���23 [19], ps 1 11���16 [14], ps 2 10���13 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 33 b) Spermathecal tube long, becoming narrow and sometimes convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 80 long. Spermatheca vesicle not oval-shaped, 4 long, 2 wide. Genital opening between setae ps 2. Legs. (Fig. 34) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (7���8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���II with d, without l������; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 35) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 245���265, sc 2 -sc 2 83���91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 13���17, sc 1 -sc 1 69���74, c 1 -c 1 12���17, c 2 -c 2 85���94, c 3 -c 3 96���112, d 1 -d 1 11���13, d 2 -d 2 69���74, d 3 -d 3 78���87, e 1 - e 1 11���17, e 2 - e 2 73���81, e 3 - e 3 69���77, f 3 -f 3 57���66, h 1 -h 1 7���10, h 2 -h 2 35���43. Gnathosoma not concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smooth, weakly convex. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield (appearing as a pair of shields) on which at least setae c 1, d 1 and d 2 inserted, with weak rugose-lineate pattern; and pygidial shield with at least setae e 1, e 3, f 3, h 2 inserted, with oblique-longitudinal weakly lineate pattern; setae h 1 often under posterior overhang of pygidial shield; shields separated by transverse striae; cuticle laterad mesonotal shield smooth with few papillations; several minute pores visible on shields. Setal lengths: v 2 19���24, sc 1 16���19, sc 2 15���20, c 1 9���14, c 2 11���16, c 3 15���17, d 1 7��� 13, d 2 9���15, d 3 12���18, e 1 6 ���8, e 2 14 ���17, e 3 15 ���18, f 3 15���19, h 1 7���10, h 2 15���19. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8���10 long; tarsal eupathidia 6���7, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 7���8 long, swollen. Venter. (Fig. 36 a) All striae transverse, becoming coarse posteriorly and weak around setae ag 1. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c barbed. Setae ag 1 barbed; g 1, g 2, ps 2 fine; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 47 ��� 52, 1 b 19���27, 2 b 19���24, 2 c 13���21, 3 a 46���60, 3 b 17���21, 4 a 37���48, 4 b 15���18, ag 1 13���16, g 1 11���15, g 2 15���20, ps 1 15���16, ps 2 8���11. Aedeagus. (Fig. 36 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 67���70 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 35) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 9���11 long, ta II 9���10 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6���7, 5��� 6; ta II 7, 7���8). Solenidia much thicker and longer than those in female. DEUTONYMPH and PROTONYMPH. Unknown. LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 37) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 170���180, sc 2 -sc 2 61���64; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 15���16, sc 1 -sc 1 51���55, c 1 -c 1 8���9, c 2 -c 2 58���60, c 3 -c 3 84���87, d 1 -d 1 11���13, e 1 - e 1 5���6, e 2 - e 2 53���54, e 3 - e 3 40���44, f 3 -f 3 34���35, h 1 -h 1 5���7, h 2 -h 2 13���17. Prodorsal shield obsolete. Opisthosomal shields absent; sparse irregular transverse striae anteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 24���27, sc 1 12���16, sc 2 15���17, c 1 17��� 22, c 2 15���17, c 3 10���11, d 1 15���20, d 2 14���18, d 3 11���12, e 1 4 ���8, e 2 15 ���17, e 3 14 ���17, f 3 16���19, h 1 5���6, h 2 18���19. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 6���7 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long, solenidion 2 long. Venter. Transverse striae, becoming oblique around anal region. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21 ��� 28, 1 b 13���16, 3 a 16���30, ps 1 4���6, ps 2 4���6. Legs. (Fig. 37) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except genua I���III without l ���. Trochanters I���III nude. Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species for our colleague and friend Dr Robert Raven, in recognition of his support for our work and his immense contribution to Arachnology. Remarks. Crossipalpus raveni sp. nov. is similar to Cr. gersoni sp. nov., as they both have seta d present on ge I���II, but Cr. raveni has lanceolate setae d on femora and genua I���II (spatulate in Cr. gersoni), and posterior ventral setae are thin, setiform and weakly barbed (broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed in Cr. gersoni)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 44-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Philippipalpus nigraquercus Seeman and Beard sp. nov. (Figs 105���106) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Black She-Oak Allocasuarina littoralis (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory, Symonston, Canberra, Mugga Lane, 35 �� 23 ���05��� S 149 ��08��� 10 ��� E, 25 February 2009, coll. J.J.Beard. Paratypes. 3 females, 1 male, 4 deutonymphs, 4 protonymphs, same data as holotype (QM). Non-type material examined. 1 female ex. Allocasuarina littoralis, AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Gordon, Murrumbidgee River, Point Hut Crossing, 35 �� 27 ���04��� S 149 ��04��� 31 ��� E, 27 January 2009, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Diagnosis. Distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���350. Distance between e 2 -e 2 135���145. Prodorsal shield with coarse irregular oblique folds and narrow depressions sublaterally; medially with weaker folded to weakly reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striatereticulate. Opisthosomal shield with distinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions separated from each other by smooth cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region separated by band of somewhat smooth cuticle with weak irregular transverse striae; with distinct longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c 1 - h 1, cuticle finely punctate. Lateral cuticle with 20���40 weak papillae. Cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with mixed striae. Spermatheca elongate, 2 x 1, with grainy appearance. FEMALE (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 105) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 330���350 [345], sc 2 - sc 2 110���115 [115]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 26���32 [32], sc 1 -sc 1 84���87 [84], c 1 -c 1 29���31 [29], c 3 -c 3 150���160 [150], d 1 -d 1 18���20 [18], d 3 -d 3 125���130 [130], e 1 - e 1 13���18 [18], e 2 -e 2 135���145 [145], e 3 -e 3 110���120 [120], f 3 -f 3 84���93 [93], h 1 -h 1 28���32 [32], h 2 -h 2 60���71 [71]. Gnathosoma concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 20���22 [20]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing setae v 2. Prodorsal shield with coarse irregular oblique folds and weak narrow depressions sublaterally; medially with weaker folded to weakly reticulate sculpturing and region of smooth cuticle with fine punctations. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate-reticulate. Opisthosomal shield with distinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions separated from each other by smooth cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region separated by band of somewhat smooth cuticle with weak irregular transverse striae; with distinct longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c 1 -h 1, cuticle finely punctate. Lateral soft cuticle mostly smooth, with 20���40 weak papillae. All dorsal shield short, thick, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, triangular in cross-section (except e 1). Setal lengths: v 2 16���19 [19], sc 1 14���15 [15], sc 2 19���21 [21], c 1 17���20 [17], c 3 17���19 [17], d 1 15���19 [19], d 3 19���21 [21], e 1 9 ���12 [12], e 2 18 ���21 [19], e 3 17 ���18 [18], f 3 18���20 [20], h 1 12���14 [14], h 2 17���19 [19]. Palps. Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7���8 [8] long, ventral 10���12 [12] long; tarsal eupathidia, thin 5 [5] long, thick 6���7 [7] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. Cuticle anterolaterad 1 a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1 b- 1 a with longitudinal striae; 1 a- 3 a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3 a- 3 a; cuticle between 3 a- 4 a with transverse to wavy striae; 4 a- 4 a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4 a; 4 a to genital region with longitudinal striae. Genital setae inserted in more-orless transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g 1 inserted slightly posterior to g 2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 38 ��� 58 [38], 1 b 20���23 [20], 2 b 16��� 18 [16], 2 c 17���20 [17], 3a 35 ��� 57 [35], 3 b 9���16 [9], 4a 26 ��� 35 [35], 4 b 13���14 [13], ag 1 15���18 [18], g 1 22���23 [23], g 2 22���23 [23], ps 1 10���11 [11], ps 2 16 [16], ps 3 16���18 [17]. Spermatheca. Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95��� 110 [95] long. Spermatheca vesicle small (2 x 2 ��m), rounded, subtended by 1 pair of circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps 3. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 0- 3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-2 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (9���11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; tr I���IV without v ��� (l' present on tr III); ge I���III without l ���, ge I���II without v ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���IV without tc ������. MALE (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 106) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 245, sc 2 -sc 2 86; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20, sc 1 -sc 1 65, c 1 -c 1 25, c 3 -c 3 113, d 1 -d 1 11, d 2 -d 2 94, d 3 -d 3 85, e 1 - e 1 13, e 3 - e 3 76, f 3 -f 3 58, h 1 -h 1 10, h 2 -h 2 36. Gnathosoma concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 20) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing setae v 2. Prodorsal shield with wrinkled oblique ridge-like sculpturing sublaterally; medial cuticle mostly smooth with minute punctations. Opisthosoma with well developed mesonotal and pygidial shields; cuticle on shields with wrinkled or folded sculpturing and fine punctations. Three pairs of large pores visible, 1 pair each medad c 3, medad d 3, between e 2 - e 3. Cuticle between shields with strong widely separated folds. Lateral soft cuticle mostly smooth, with some papillae laterad setae d 3 -e 3. All dorsal shield short, lanceolate, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges; medial setae broader than lateral setae: v 2 16, sc 1 15, sc 2 16, c 1 14, c 3 17, d 1 10, d 2 14, d 3 17, e 1 9, e 3 15, f 3 17, h 1 11, h 2 17. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7 long; tarsal eupathidia both 6 long; solenidion 5 long. Vent er. Cuticle between 1 a- 1 a with longitudinal striae, all remaining striae transverse, becoming coarse on opisthosoma. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c slightly thicker than other setae. Setae ag 1, g 1, g 2, ps 2, ps 3 slightly thickened, with few barbs; setae ps 1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 50, 1 b 17, 2 b 15, 2 c 15, 3a 26, 3 b 13, 4a 35, 4 b 11, ag 1 13, g 1 12, g 2 13, ps 1 16, ps 2 4, ps 3 4. Aedeagus. Narrow, sclerotised, tapering; straight for 35, then curved for 33, apically bent and fine for ca. 40. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 13 long, ta II 12 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 8 long; ta II 7 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 240���290, sc 2 -sc 2 83��� 98; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���27, sc 1 -sc 1 69���80, c 1 -c 1 22���28, c 3 -c 3 110���133, d 1 -d 1 14���18, d 2 -d 2 88���110 (1 specimen with 2 setae in d 2 position on left hand side only), d 3 -d 3 85���110, e 1 - e 1 13���14, e 3 - e 3 73���90, f 3 -f 3 58���69, h 1 -h 1 17���24, h 2 -h 2 27���48. Anterior margins of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with few wrinkles or folds. Opisthosomal shields not developed, cuticle mostly folded transversely, becoming oblique-longitudinal posteriorly. All dorsal setae short, lanceolate, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges. Setal lengths: v 2 18���22, sc 1 69���80, sc 2 16���21, c 1 17���21, c 3 20���22, d 1 11���18, d 2 18���21, d 3 18���20, e 1 9 ��� 13, e 3 17 ���21, f 3 17���20, h 1 11���17, h 2 18���20. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, 4���5 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 3 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 40, 1 b 10���16, 2 b 11���13, 2 c 17���20, 3 a 29���30, 3 b 9��� 12, 4 a 26���30, 4 b 8���12, ag 1 8���11, g 1 13���15, ps 1 9���10, ps 2 7���9, ps 3 6���7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5, 4 long). PROTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 180���205, sc 1 -sc 1 65��� 66; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 16���22, sc 2 -sc 2 73���78, c 1 -c 1 18���22, c 3 -c 3 95���105, d 1 -d 1 13���15, d 2 -d 2 74���79, d 3 - d 3 67���74, e 1 - e 1 6���8, e 3 - e 3 58���70, f 3 -f 3 45���50, h 1 -h 1 10���14, h 2 -h 2 28���32. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with few wrinkles or folds. Opisthosomal shields absent; cuticle with sparse wrinkles or folds and coarse striae. All dorsal shield short, lanceolate, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 17���18, sc 1 14���16, sc 2 17���19, c 1 15���18, c 3 15���18, d 1 14��� 16, d 2 17, d 3 18���20, e 1 9 ���10, e 3 15 ���17, f 3 15���17, h 1 11���14, h 2 13���17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 4 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 3 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genitoanal region. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1 a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 30, 1 b 11���12, 2 c 12��� 15, 3 a 20���25, 3 b 8, ag 1 6, ps 1 4���5, ps 2 3���5, ps 3 3���5. Legs. Setal formula (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0- 4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-2 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-2 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 4 long; ta II 4, 3 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1 c; ge I���III without l ���; ti III���IV without d; ta I���III without tc ������. LARVA. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name derives from the latinisation of the common name of the host ���Black Oak���. Remarks. Philippipalpus nigraquercus lacks the extensive papillation of soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in Philippipalpus agohoi and Ph. flumaquercus. Philippipalpus nigraquercus females have more papillate cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, smoother cuticle between setae c 1 -h 1 than do females of Ph. belah. Regarding the latter difference, female of Ph. nigraquercus have a medial longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c 1 -h 1, whereas the cuticle in this region on Ph. belah is wrinkled and folded similar to the lateral opisthosoma., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 124-127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 (Figs 19���24) Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 174, figs 16���18. Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Drooping She-Oak Allocasuarina verticillata (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 10 km WNW Nairne, 0 9 September 1995, coll. W.E. Frost (WINC; 1 male paratype, deutonymph on same slide). Paratypes. 1 male, 1 deutonymph, same slide as holotype (WINC); 1 female, same data as holotype (WINC); 3 females, 1 male, and 1 deutonymph, ex. same host (tree # 258) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Glen Osmond, Waite Institute Arboretum, 11 January 1996, coll. W.E. Frost (WINC; 1 slide); 1 female, 1 deutonymph, 4 protonymphs, and 3 larvae ex. same host [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 8 km south of Harrogate, 34.57 S 139.01 E, 10 November 1995, W.E. Frost (WINC; one slide); 1 pharate female, 1 male, 3 deutonymphs, and 1 protonymph, same data (except 5 km south of Harrogate) (WINC; one slide). Non-type material examined. 12 females, 1 male, 1 pharate male, 1 deutonymph, and 1 protonymph ex. A. verticillata, AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Adelaide, Athelston, Maryvale Road, Wadmore Park, 34 �� 52 ��� 51 ��� S 138 �� 42 ���09��� E, 21 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard and C.J. Burwell (QM, USNM) (BRI voucher BRI [AQ 818801]). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae all broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed and subequal in length except c 1, d 1, e 1, h 1 distinctly short; prodorsal setae v 2 subequal in length with sc 1. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I���II with seta l������, without d; tarsi I���IV without seta tc������. FEMALE (n = 18). Dorsum. (Fig. 19 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 310���330 [330]; sc 2 - sc 2 105���110 [110]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 20���25 [20], sc 1 -sc 1 87���93 [90], c 1 -c 1 15���25 [19], c 2 -c 2 120���130 [125], c 3 -c 3 140���150 [140], d 1 -d 1 17���19 [19], d 2 -d 2 95���105 [95], d 3 -d 3 120���130 [120], e 1 - e 1 13���25 [21], e 2 -e 2 110���115 [110], e 3 - e 3 98���105 [98], f 3 -f 3 78���89 [78], h 1 -h 1 12���19 [12], h 2 -h 2 52���61 [52]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum; anterior margin of prodorsum rounded; setae v 2 often inserted ventrally under anterior margin of prodorsum (similar to Fig. 14). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with broadly separated longitudinal central folds and oblique lateral folds; cuticle with fine network of folds laterally. Narrow band of fine transverse striae anterior to c 1 -c 1. Opisthosoma with pair of weakly developed mesonotal shields capturing setae c 1, c 2, d 1, d 2; weakly developed pygidial shield capturing e 1, e 3, f 2���3 and h 1���2 setae, with weak oblique folds; band of transverse folds between d 1 -d 1 and e 1 -e 1; paired minute pores present between c 1 -c 2, d 1 -d 2, laterad e 1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields wrinkled. Most dorsal setae broadly lanceolate and barbed; setae c 1, d 1, e 1, h 1 much shorter than other dorsal setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15���20 [15, 19], sc 1 17���20 [19, 20], sc 2 19���22 [21, 22], c 1 6���7 [6, 7], c 2 13���17 [13, 16], c 3 19���21 [19. 21], d 1 6���8 [7, 8], d 2 14���18 [14, 15], d 3 19���24 [20, 21], e 1 6 ���8 [6, 7], e 2 17 ���22 [20, 21], e 3 20 ���23 [20, 21], f 3 20���22 [20, 22], h 1 7���10 [7, 8], h 2 19���22 [19, 22]. Palps. (Fig. 19 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial seta 8���10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5 [5] long (thin, tapered), 5���6 [6] long (blunt); solenidion 5���6 [5]. Vent er. (Fig. 20) Ventral cuticle of gnathosoma to setae 1 a transverse; striae longitudinal between 1 a- 1 a; striae between 1 a- 3 a transverse, between 3 a- 4 a longitudinal; transverse striae 4 a to just posterior 4 a, becoming longitudinal to g 1���2; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Genital setae not widely separated (25), inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield weakly developed, cuticle on genital flap between g setae with longitudinal to oblique striae; anal setae ps 1���2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates; seta ps 3 absent. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine and weakly barbed, except 2 c thicker and more strongly barbed; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 52 ��� 59 [54, 58], 1 b 22���25 [22, 24], 2 b 21���25 [22, 24], 2 c 15���19 [15, 16], 3a 45 ��� 68 [65, 68], 3 b 21���24 [21, 23], 4a 46 ��� 52 [48, 51], 4 b 20���24 [22, 24], ag 1 14���17 [14, 16], g 1 21���25 [22, 23], g 2 18���22 [20, 21], ps 1 12���13 [12, 13], ps 2 11���14 [11, 14]. Spermatheca. Spermatheca with a long coiled tube, with some granular texture along its length; tightly coiled and multi-branched distally. Distal vesicle not visible. Legs. (Fig. 21) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (6���7 [6] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (7���8 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���II with l", without d; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 22) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 230���250, sc 2 -sc 2 87���91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 12���18, sc 1 -sc 1 61���66, c 1 -c 1 14���21, c 2 -c 2 96���105, c 3 -c 3 110���117, d 1 -d 1 8���12, d 2 -d 2 74���79, d 3 -d 3 90���96, e 1 - e 1 11���13, e 2 - e 2 77���80, e 3 - e 3 74���77, f 3 -f 3 61���67, h 1 -h 1 6���10, h 2 -h 2 38���42. Gnathosoma fully exposed, not concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (Fig. 22). Four weak dorsal shields developed, separated by bands of transversely striate soft cuticle. Prodorsal shield similar to female. Mesonotal shield with 2 weak shields, weakly wrinkled or folded. Pygidial shield with weak longitudinal-oblique wrinkles or folds. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields with some weak papillae. Most dorsal setae short, lanceolate, barbed; setae c 1, d 1 and e 1 much smaller than other setae. Setal lengths: v 2 14���18, sc 1 13���15, sc 2 16���20, c 1 5���6, c 2 9���12, c 3 12���14, d 1 5��� 7, d 2 9���13, d 3 13���15, e 1 5 ���8, e 2 10 ���15, e 3 14 ���16, f 3 14���16, h 1 7, h 2 14���15. Palps. (Fig. 22) Palps similar to female, except solenidion greatly swollen; solenidion 7���8 long, eupathidia 6���8 long (blunt), 5���6 long (thin, tapered). Venter. (Fig. 23 a) Cuticle with mostly transverse striae, with band of broadly separated transverse folds just posterior to leg IV; broadly separated transverse folds between ag and g 1���2. Pair of large rounded, weakly developed shields laterad setae ag. Coxal setae fine. Setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a elongate, finely tapered, often broken. Setae ag 1, g 1���2, ps 2 weakly barbed; setae ps 1 modified, obviously thicker and stronger than ps 2. Setal lengths: 1a 37 ��� 49, 1 b 16���22, 2 b 15���22, 2 c 15���20, 3 a 34���68, 3 b 16���23, 4 a 31���63, 4 b 13���21, ag 1 11���13, g 1 11���14, g 2 12���17, ps 1 15���17, ps 2 7���10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 23 a) Narrow, sclerotised, finely tapered distally, 81���92. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus for about 40 then disappearing. Legs. (Fig. 23 b) Legs similar to female, except solenidia obviously swollen. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (10���11 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (7���9, 7 ��� 8 long). DEUTONYMPH (n = 8). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 250���295, sc 2 -sc 2 84��� 100; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 17���23, sc 1 -sc 1 70���87, c 1 -c 1 17���23, c 2 -c 2 91���112, c 3 -c 3 119���136, d 1 -d 1 15���22, d 2 -d 2 70���93, d 3 -d 3 86���106, e 1 - e 1 12���14, e 2 - e 2 79���99, e 3 - e 3 72���90, f 3 -f 3 65���76, h 1 -h 1 14���16, h 2 -h 2 41���52. Dorsal shields with patterns similar to adult female. Setal lengths: v 2 21���26, sc 1 17���22, sc 2 19���24, c 1 5���7, c 2 14��� 19, c 3 16���22, d 1 5���6, d 2 16���21, d 3 18���22, e 1 5 ���7, e 2 19 ���25, e 3 20 ���24, f 3 19���24, h 1 6���8, h 2 16���23. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 8���9 long; tarsal eupathidia 4���5 long (thin, tapered), 5���7 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 3��� 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with longitudinal striae between 1 a- 1 a; transverse striae between 1 a- 4 a, with mixed striae 4 a- 4 a; transverse striae just posterior to 4 a becoming longitudinal to setae g 1; transverse striae between g 1 -ps 1, with longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Coxal setae fine and finely barbed, except setae 2 c thicker and more heavily barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 31 ��� 52, 1 b 12���22, 2 b 12���21, 2 c 19���22, 3 a 32���57, 3 b 13���16, 4 a 20���42, 4 b 12���18, ag 1 13���16, g 1 12���19, ps 1 9���13, ps 2 10���15. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) same as adult female except tr IV nude: 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 8 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 4, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 6, 6 long; ta II 5���6, 5��� 6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (n = 6). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 190���250, sc 2 -sc 2 75��� 91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 13���17, sc 1 -sc 1 60���76, c 1 -c 1 5���15, c 2 -c 2 85���105, c 3 -c 3 101���130, d 1 -d 1 10���12, d 2 - d 2 61���77, d 3 -d 3 66���97, e 1 - e 1 7���12, e 2 - e 2 68���88, e 3 - e 3 51���71, f 3 -f 3 41���54, h 1 -h 1 8���12, h 2 -h 2 22���30. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, with similar cuticle pattern to female. Anterior opisthosoma with 2 pairs of weakly developed platelets, between c 1 -c 2 and d 1 -d 2; platelets with few transverse folds. Setae in rows E, F, H inserted on weakly formed pygidial shield, with few oblique folds. Striae of idiosoma similar to deutonymph. Setal lengths: v 2 22���24, sc 1 14���18, sc 2 17���20, c 1 5���6, c 2 12���17, c 3 13���16, d 1 4���5, d 2 17���18, d 3 15���19, e 1 4 ���7, e 2 19 ���22, e 3 16 ��� 19, f 3 16���19, h 1 5���7, h 2 17���18. Palps. Palps similar to deutonymph except tibial seta 6���8 long; tarsal eupathidia 3���4 long (thin, tapered), 4���5 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 3���4 long. Venter. Cuticle between 1 a- 1 a with longitudinal striae; striae 1 a and leg III with transverse striae; cuticle between leg III to IV with longitudinal striae; cuticle between legs IV transverse to oblique near ag; cuticle between ag-ag mixed; cuticle laterad genital-anal region longitudinal. Setal lengths: 1a 25 ��� 54, 1 b 13���24, 2 b 15���16, 3 a 22���49, 3 b 10���14, ag 1 9���13, ps 1 7���9, ps 2 7��� 9. Setae 2 c, 4 a, 4 b, g 1, g 2 absent. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 8 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 4, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (3���4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I with both 5���6 long; ta II 5���6, 4��� 6 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I��� III without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta l������; ta IV without setae tc ���. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 24 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 135���180, sc 2 -sc 2 74��� 79; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 13���15, sc 1 -sc 1 56���60, c 1 -c 1 8���10, c 2 -c 2 72���80, c 3 -c 3 104���108, d 1 -d 1 9���10, d 2 -d 2 49���51, d 3 -d 3 70���71, e 1 - e 1 7���8, e 2 - e 2 62���65, e 3 - e 3 49���65, f 3 -f 3 33���41, h 1 -h 1 6���9, h 2 -h 2 18���28. Dorsal shields not developed; dorsal cuticle with few weak transverse folds. Lateral setae lanceolate, obviously barbed; central setae short, weakly barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 22���25, sc 1 14���16, sc 2 19���21, c 1 4���6, c 2 12���14, c 3 13���14, d 1 4���7, d 2 14���16, d 3 15���19, e 1 5, e 2 13 ���19, e 3 15 ���18, f 3 16���19, h 1 5���6, h 2 15���20. Palps. (Fig. 24 a) Palps same as deutonymph. Tibial seta 5���6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long; solenidion 2���3 long. Venter. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 23 ��� 33, 1 b 11���19, 3 a 20���26, ps 1 4���7, ps 2 4���6. Legs. (Fig. 24 b) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (2���3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���. Remarks. This species is very similar to Cr. muellerianae but can be readily distinguished by lacking setae tc'' on tarsi I���IV (present in Cr. muellerianae), the stouter palpal segments (finer in Cr. muellerianae), lanceolate setae h 1 (more palmate in Cr. muellerianae), and irregular dorsal reticulation (linear in Cr. muellerianae)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 29-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Crossipalpus muellerianae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 (Figs 13���18) Crossipalpus muellerianae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 174, figs 19���20. Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Slaty She-Oak Allocasuarina muelleriana (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Flinders Ranges, St Mary���s Peak, at 750 m, 3 October 1995, coll. W. Frost (WINC; on same slide as 7 paratype specimens). Paratypes. 2 females, 1 pharate female, 1 deutonymph, 3 protonymphs, 1 pharate larva, and 1 larva, same data as holotype (WINC; 2 slides, including holotype slide); deutonymph, same data as holotype, on slide with 2 females of Me. delfinadae (WINC). Non-type material examined. 9 females, 3 pharate females, 3 deutonymphs, 1 pharate protonymph, and 1 larva ex. A. muelleriana, AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Adelaide, Athelston, Maryvale Road, Wadmore Park, 34 �� 52 ��� 49 ��� S 138 �� 42 ��� 10 ��� E, 21 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard and C.J. Burwell (QM, USNM) (BRI voucher BRI [AQ 818802]). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae all thinly lanceolate and weakly barbed. Prodorsal setae v 2 obviously longer than setae sc 1. Palpal segments elongated, thin. Genua I���II with seta l ������ without d; tarsi I���IV with seta tc������. FEMALE (n = 12). Dorsum. (Fig. 13 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 335���370 [345]; sc 2 - sc 2 93���105 [105]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 21���36 [29], sc 1 -sc 1 79���89 [88], c 1 -c 1 14���24 [24], c 2 -c 2 81���96 [93], c 3 -c 3 115���130 [130], d 1 -d 1 19���27 [24], d 2 -d 2 69���87 [85], d 3 -d 3 99���115 [105], e 1 - e 1 13���18 [14], e 2 - e 2 93���105 [97], e 3 - e 3 82���94 [85], f 3 -f 3 63���76 [72], h 1 -h 1 12���17 [12], h 2 -h 2 41���52 [48]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded; setae v 2 often inserted ventrally on anterior margin of prodorsum (Fig. 14). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with longitudinal to oblique folds and lines. Some transverse folds between dorsal shields, just anterior to c -setae. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed, mostly with oblique or longitudinal lines and weak folds; short series transverse folds across width of shield just anterior e 1 -e 1; small areas of smooth cuticle between setae c 1 -c 1 and d 1 -d 1 and between d 1 -d 2. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields mostly smooth, with few coarse striae and weak folds. Most dorsal setae thin and barbed; setae v 2, sc 2, e 3, f 2, f 3, and h 2 longer and thicker than other dorsal setae; setae h 1 short, palmate to lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 21��� 26 [23, 25], sc 1 8���13 [12], sc 2 11���20 [18, 19], c 1 6���8 [7, 8], c 2 6���11 [9], c 3 10���16 [13, 14], d 1 4���7 [5, 6], d 2 6���9 [7, 9], d 3 10���15 [12, 13], e 1 4 ���8 [6, 7], e 2 10 ���15 [14, 15], e 3 17 ���22 [20], f 3 20���24 [22, 23], h 1 5���10 [7, 8], h 2 20��� 24 [22, 23]. Palps. ( Figs 13 b, 14) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial seta 9���12 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 4��� 7 [5] long (thin, tapered; could be seta), 5���8 [6, 7] long (thick, blunt); solenidion 4���6 [5, 6] long. Venter. (Figs 14, 15 a) Ventral cuticle of anterior prodorsal margin with coarse striae forming triangular pattern (Fig. 14); cuticle between setae 1 a - 3 a with broadly separated transverse striae; fine longitudinal striae between setae 3 a to just posterior setae 4 a; narrow band of transverse striae ca. 10 wide posterior 4 a, then fine longitudinal striae to ag; oblique striae between ag -ag forming inverted ���v��� shape; coarse striae laterad genital region, longitudinal to oblique. Genital setae widely separated, inserted on posterior corners of genital flap in more-or-less transverse row, g 1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g 2. Genital shield weakly developed, cuticle on genital flap between g setae with mixed oblique striae (g 1 -g 1 33���36) anal setae ps 1���2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates; seta ps 3 absent (Fig. 15 a). Coxal, genital and anal setae fine, except 2 c thicker, weakly barbed; setae 1 a, 3 a, 4 a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 48 ��� 82 [48, 57], 1 b 19���32 [22, 23], 2 b 17���29 [21, 26], 2 c 18���24 [18, 19], 3a 38 ��� 81 [38], 3 b 17���25 [22], 4a 40 ��� 78 [54], 4 b 17���28 [25, 28], ag 1 10���16 [11], g 1 19���26 [24], g 2 18���25 [23], ps 1 9���14 [14], ps 2 9���14 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 15 b) Spermathecal tube long, distinctly broad near external opening, becoming narrow and convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 110 long. Spermatheca vesicle 10���13 long, 2���3 wide proximally, 3���5 wide distally. Genital opening between setae ps 2 and posterior margin of genital flap. Legs. (Fig. 16) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 5, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 5���7 [6] long, ta II 4���6 [6] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���7 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���II with l", without d; tarsi I���IV with tc". Setae v' added to tr IV. MALE. Unknown. DEUTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 17) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 285���305, sc 2 - sc 2 83���91; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 18���21, sc 1 -sc 1 66���75, c 1 -c 1 14���16, c 2 -c 2 72���89, c 3 -c 3 107���109, d 1 -d 1 16���18, d 2 -d 2 64���78, d 3 -d 3 86���99, e 1 - e 1 8���11, e 2 - e 2 72���92, e 3 - e 3 71���78, f 3 -f 3 59���62, h 1 -h 1 12���15, h 2 -h 2 42���46. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer folds, with central longitudinal folds and sublateral oblique folds. Opisthosoma with widely separated transverse folds between c 1 and e 1, and distinct oblique folds between c 2 -c 3; paired minute pores present between c 1 -c 2, d 1 -d 2 and laterad e 1. Setal lengths: v 2 29���35, sc 1 6���10, sc 2 13���20, c 1 3���7, c 2 4���7, c 3 8���12, d 1 3���5, d 2 4���7, d 3 9���11, e 1 3 ���6, e 2 9 ���15, e 3 20 ���24, f 3 22���26, h 1 4���6, h 2 22���25. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 8���9 long; tarsal eupathidia 3���5 long (thin, blunt), 5���6 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 3���5 long. Venter. Cuticle with striae similar to adult female. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35 ��� 49, 1 b 16���19, 2 b 12���18, 2 c 17���20, 3 a 34���40, 3 b 13���20, 4 a 35���41, 4 b 14���17, ag 1 8���11, g 1 10���17, ps 1 7���8, ps 2 7���10. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) same as adult female except tr IV nude: 1 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 1-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 5, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ��" (3-4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5���6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I���III. PROTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 195���200, sc 2 -sc 2 73��� 75; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 18���19, sc 1 -sc 1 57���60, c 1 -c 1 11���13, c 2 -c 2 62���64, c 3 -c 3 93���100, d 1 -d 1 12���14, d 2 - d 2 56���58, d 3 -d 3 74���77, e 1 - e 1 6���8, e 2 - e 2 65���68, e 3 - e 3 51���55, f 3 -f 3 41���43, h 1 -h 1 9���11, h 2 -h 2 23���25. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer and much weaker folds. Setal lengths: v 2 24���25, sc 1 6���7, sc 2 11���14, c 1 11���13, c 2 5���7, c 3 9���11, d 1 4���5, d 2 5���6, d 3 7���10, e 1 2 ���4, e 2 10 ���12, e 3 14 ���17, f 3 16���18, h 1 4���5, h 2 18���21. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 8 long; tarsal eupathidia both blunt 4, 5; solenidion 3���4 long. Venter. Cuticle with striae similar to adult. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28 ��� 39, 1 b 16���18, 2 b 15���16, 3 a 17���26, 3 b 11���14, ag 1 8, ps 1 6���7, ps 2 7���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 5, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 3���4 long, ta II 3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I���II without seta v ���; ge I���II without seta l������; ta IV without setae tc ���, tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 2). Dorsum. (Fig. 18) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 140���160, sc 2 -sc 2 61��� 71; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 11���15, sc 1 -sc 1 47���55, c 1 -c 1 10���11, c 2 -c 2 55���58, c 3 -c 3 82���90, d 1 -d 1 13���15, d 2 -d 2 43���49, d 3 -d 3 59���61, e 1 - e 1 7���9, e 2 - e 2 49���57, e 3 - e 3 36���50, f 3 -f 3 21���28, h 1 -h 1 5���9, h 2 -h 2 10���15. Prodorsum with central area smooth to finely striate; lateral cuticle with coarse longitudinal to oblique striae. Opisthosomal cuticle with mostly transverse striae, with some longitudinal striae posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 15���24, sc 1 5���7, sc 2 9���13, c 1 4���5, c 2 4���6, c 3 7���8, d 1 3���5, d 2 4���8, d 3 6���7, e 1 3 ���4, e 2 6 ���8, e 3 10 ���13, f 3 11���13, h 1 4���5, h 2 15���17. Palps. (Fig. 18) Palps same as adult. Tibial seta length 6���8; tarsal eupathidia 3���4 long (blunt), 4���5 long (blunt); solenidion 2���3 long. Venter. Striae transverse to anal area, becoming longitudinal and coarse around anal area. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21 ��� 37, 1 b 10���18, 3 a 22���33, ps 1 6���7, ps 2 5���8. Legs. (Fig. 18) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ��" (2���3 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr I���III nude; ta I���III without seta tc ���, tc������. Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) remarked that this species was unique with the adult female having tarsi I���IV 6 (1)- 6 (1)- 6 - 5. This is incorrect and the true count is 9 (1)- 9 (1)- 5 - 5. Individuals were found wedged within pits and crevices on the bark of stems of the host (Fig. 17). This species is very similar to Cr. verticillatae but can be readily distinguished from it by the presence of setae tc'' on tarsi I���IV (absent in Cr. verticillatae), the finer palpal segments (stout in Cr. verticillatae), palmate setae h 1 (lanceolate setae h 1 in Cr. verticillatae), and irregular dorsal reticulation (linear in Cr. verticillatae)., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 22-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman sp. nov. (Figs 67���74) Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Allocasuarina sp. (Casuarinaceae), AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Walpole, Nornalup Inlet, Coalmine Beach, Walpole Yacht Club, 34 �� 59 ��� 27 ��� S 116 �� 44 ��� 22 ��� E, 0 9 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (WAM) (BRI voucher). Paratypes. 23 females, 2 males (separate slides); 1 male, 1 pharate deutonymph (same slide); 2 deutonymphs, 7 protonymphs, 5 larvae, same data as holotype (WAM, QM, ANIC, USNM). Non-type material examined. 2 pharate deutonymphs, 1 pharate protonymph, same data as holotype (QM); 10 females, 1 pharate female, 14 deutonymphs, 2 pharate deutonymphs, 9 protonymphs, 9 larvae ex. stems of Western She-oak Allocasuarina fraseriana (Casuarinaceae) [on ridge], AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, internal road to Wellington Dam, Wellington National Park, 33 �� 20 ��� 24 ������ S 115 �� 57 ��� 22 ������ E, 20 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard (QM) (BRI voucher); 14 females, 3 males, 3 pharate females, 2 deutonymphs, 4 protonymphs, 2 larvae ex. Allocasuarina sp., AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Wellington National Park, 33 �� 19 ��� 18 ������ S 115 �� 58 ��� 50 ������ E, 0 6 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (QM). Diagnosis. Dorsal setae short, palmate, heavily barbed. Dorsal opisthosomal setae e 2 and f 2 inserted close to marginal position. Prodorsum with oblique folds and weakly papillate sculpturing; dorsal opisthosomal shield with transverse to oblique folds laterally, with weak papillate sculpturing anteriorly; lateral cuticle papillate. Setae v ��� added to tr II and IV in the adult (v ��� normally added to tr II in deutonymph). FEMALE (n = 48). Dorsum. (Fig. 67 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 280���325 [325]; sc 2 - sc 2 111���125 [120]; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 35 ���42 [42], sc 1 -sc 1 83���96 [91], c 1 -c 1 26���36 [33], c 2 -c 2 91���110 [100], c 3 -c 3 160���185 [180], d 1 -d 1 20���25 [22], d 2 -d 2 110���120 [120], d 3 -d 3 140���155 [145], e 1 - e 1 15���17 [15], e 2 - e 2 125���135 [125], e 3 -e 3 115���135 [125], f 2 -f 2 93���110 [100], f 3 -f 3 81���105 [98], h 1 -h 1 18���32 [21], h 2 -h 2 53���76 [61]. Gnathosoma partially concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair of lobes forming a shallow median notch (internal depth 8���13); lobes anterior to setae v 2. Prodorsal shield with rugose-lineate sculpturing. Opisthosomal shield mostly with rugose sculpturing, but becoming smooth between d 1 -e 1, three longitudinal ridges between c 1 -c 1 and d 1 -d 1, and several ridges between e 1 -h 1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields papillate, cuticle between shields papillate to tessellate. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 13���19 [17], sc 1 16���18 [16], sc 2 17���19 [17], c 1 18���20 [20], c 2 18���20 [19], c 3 17���18 [18], d 1 14���17 [14], d 2 15���17 [broken], d 3 13���17 [16], e 1 9 ���11 [10], e 2 13 ���17 [15], e 3 12 ���18 [15], f 2 11���17 [13], f 3 14���18 [17], h 1 11���15 [13], h 2 14���17 [16]. Palps. (Fig. 67 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1 s+ 2 e). Tibial setae, dorsal 10���11 [11] long, ventral 6���9 [7] long; tarsal eupathidia 5���6 [5] long, 7���9 [8] long; solenidion 7���8 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 68) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4 a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g 1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g 2, g 2 slightly anterior to g 1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined, ca. 17���26 [22] long, 36���45 [45] wide; anal setae ps 1���2 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates; setae ps 1 absent. Coxal setae fine, smooth except 2 c with weak barbs; setae ag 1, g 1���2, ps 1 barbed, ps 2 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 42 ��� 55 [55], 1 b 18���28 [20], 2 b 17���22 [21], 2 c 20���27 [24], 3a 35 ��� 52 [35], 3 b 18���22 [20], 4a 33 ��� 43 [40], 4 b 16���22 [22], ag 1 17���21 [18], g 1 21���23 [22], g 2 18���23 [22], ps 1 13���17 [14], ps 2 12���14 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 69) Spermathecal tube long, 1 wide, straight for ca. 30, then convoluted for another ca. 100, terminating in membranous sac 7���9 long, 2���3 wide. Genital opening between setae ps 2. Legs. (Fig. 70) Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1-3 - 2-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 1-3 - 2-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 5, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (9-10 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (8���9 [8���9] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1 c; genua I���II with d and l" (ge I���II without l ���, ge III���IV nude). Setae v' added to tr II and IV. MALE (n = 6). Dorsum. (Fig. 71 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 215���235, sc 2 -sc 2 92��� 98; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 23���30, sc 1 -sc 1 66���75, c 1 -c 1 21���29, c 2 -c 2 79���87, c 3 -c 3 114���125, d 1 -d 1 10���15, d 2 - d 2 85���91, d 3 -d 3 95���110, e 1 - e 1 12���17, e 2 - e 2 87���92, e 3 - e 3 83���88, f 2 -f 2 70���88, f 3 -f 3 62���75, h 1 -h 1 9���15, h 2 -h 2 24��� 36. Anterior margin of prodorsum with small lobes forming a shallow median notch (internal depth 9���11). Prodorsal, mesonotal and opisthonotal shields surrounded by striate cuticle medially, papillate cuticle laterally. Shield sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female, but sculpture not as rugose on mesonotal and opisthonotal shield. Setal lengths: v 2 14���18, sc 1 13���15, sc 2 14���17, c 1 15���16, c 2 14���15, c 3 14���17, d 1 11���13, d 2 14���15, d 3 13��� 15, e 1 10 ���11, e 2 10 ���14, e 3 14 ���15, f 2 11���13, f 3 14���15, h 1 10���11, h 2 14���15. Palps. (Fig. 71 a) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 9���11 long, ventral 6���7 long, tarsal eupathidia 3���4, 9 long; solenidion 10 long. Venter. Striation similar to female. Coxal setae fine, except 2 c with few minute barbs. Seta ag 1, g 1���2, ps 2 smooth. Setae ps 1 blade-like, thickened (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 45 ��� 55, 1 b 17���27, 2 b 18���27, 2 c 17���20, 3 a 33���47, 3 b 15���22, 4 a 30���45, 4 b 16���23, ag 1 12���17, g 1 9���12, g 2 12���15, ps 1 14���17, ps 2 8���10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 71 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 55���60 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus. Legs. (Fig. 72) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (ta I 12���13 long, ta II 11���12 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (ta I 7���8 long; ta II 6���8, 7��� 8 long). Solenidia swollen, much thicker and longer than in female. DEUTONYMPH (n = 18). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 225���275, sc 2 -sc 2 85��� 96; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 22���30, sc 1 -sc 1 68���79, c 1 -c 1 21���37, c 2 -c 2 78���89, c 3 -c 3 125���145, d 1 -d 1 16���21, d 2 - d 2 74���84, d 3 -d 3 97���115, e 1 - e 1 14���20, e 2 - e 2 90���110, e 3 - e 3 86���102, f 2 -f 2 72���84, f 3 -f 3 58���83, h 1 -h 1 18���27, h 2 -h 2 31���60. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield with weakly rugose sculpturing and punctate cuticle. Opisthosomal shield covered with patches of weakly rugose sculpturing on punctate cuticle (c 1 - c 2, d 1 -d 2 on irregular plates) interspersed by coarse irregularly transverse striae. Setal lengths: v 2 22, sc 1 16���20, sc 2 19���21, c 1 18���22, c 2 16���18, c 3 17���21, d 1 13���18, d 2 16���19, d 3 17���21, e 1 11 ���14, e 2 16 ���22, e 3 14 ���18, f 2 14���17, f 3 16���21, h 1 11���14, h 2 16���20. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 long, ventral 8���9 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 6���8 long; solenidion 5���7 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4 a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps 1���2 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ag 1, g 1, ps 1���2 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33 ��� 35, 1 b 13���20, 2 b 12���18, 2 c 20���21, 3 a 28���37, 3 b 14, 4a 20 ��� 31, 4 b 10���15, ag 1 11���14, g 1 14���18, ps 2 6���8, ps 3 7���8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 1- 3 - 2-4 - 9 (1), 2 - 0-3 - 2-4 - 9 (1), 1-2 - 2 - 0-3 - 5, 1 - 0-1 - 0-3 - 5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (6���7 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (6���8 long). Leg setation as in female, except tr II and tr IV without seta v ���. Setae v' added to tr I and III. PROTONYMPH (n = 20). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 175���205, sc 2 -sc 2 72��� 87; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 18���29, sc 1 -sc 1 56���70, c 1 -c 1 16���22, c 2 -c 2 63���78, c 3 -c 3 100���135, d 1 -d 1 11���19, d 2 - d 2 59���72, d 3 -d 3 80���110, e 1 - e 1 8���13, e 2 - e 2 72���87, e 3 - e 3 68���76, f 2 -f 2 52���62, f 3 -f 3 42���53, h 1 -h 1 12���18, h 2 -h 2 25��� 34. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield with weakly rugose sculpturing and punctate cuticle. Opisthosomal shield with the setae c 1 -c 2 and d 1 -d 2 on separate paired plates, each with weakly rugose sculpturing on punctate cuticle. Irregular pygidial shield bears e 1, f 2 -f 3, sculpturing similar to other shields. Setal lengths: v 2 16���21, sc 1 13���18, sc 2 15���20, c 1 15���18, c 2 13���19, c 3 14���18, d 1 11���18, d 2 14���18, d 3 13���19, e 1 9 ���13, e 2 13 ���18, e 3 14 ���20, f 2 12���15, f 3 13���18, h 1 10���13, h 2 14���18. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta, dorsal 4���5 long, ventral 7���8 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5���6 long; solenidion 5 long. Venter. Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 2���3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ag 1, g 1, ps 1���2 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33 ��� 40, 1 b 14���17, 2 b 15���19, 3 a 25���30, 3 b 8���17, ag 1 11���14, ps 1 5���7, ps 2 5���7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I���IV (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 9 (1), 1 - 1-2 - 0-3 - 5, 0- 0-1 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (5���6 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (5���6 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2 c absent; seta 4 b absent; tr I and III without seta v ���, ge I���II without seta d, l������; ta IV without setae tc ���, tc������. Setae l' added to tr III. LARVA (n = 16). Dorsum. (Fig. 73) Body measurements: distance between setae v 2 -h 1 155���175, sc 2 -sc 2 67��� 74; other measurements: v 2 -v 2 16���31, sc 1 -sc 1 55���60, c 1 -c 1 9���16, c 2 -c 2 62���70, c 3 -c 3 96���104, d 1 -d 1 6���11, d 2 -d 2 58���59, d 3 -d 3 76���81, e 1 - e 1 4���6, e 2 - e 2 67���70, e 3 - e 3 40���67, f 2 -f 2 42���54, f 3 -f 3 29���40, h 1 -h 1 4���8, h 2 -h 2 15���23. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Irregular, weakly rugose pygidial shield. Lateral cuticle smooth to striate; cuticle between shields irregular coarse striae. Setal lengths: v 2 14���19, sc 1 11���13, sc 2 16���18, c 1 13���17, c 2 11���16, c 3 12���15, d 1 14���16, d 2 12���14, d 3 12���15, e 1 9 ���15, e 2 13 ���15, e 3 10 ���15, f 2 11���14, f 3 12���15, h 1 13, h 2 11���14. Palps. (Fig. 73) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6���7 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 3���4, 5 ��� 6 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 74) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps 1���2 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24 ��� 27, 1 b 13���17, 3 a 29���33, ps 1 6���8, ps 2 5���7. Legs. (Fig. 73) Setal formula for legs I���III (coxae to tarsi) 1 - 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-3 - 0-4 - 7 (1), 0- 0-2 - 0-3 - 3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ��" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia p��'-p��" (4���5, 4 ��� 5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2 b absent; seta 3 b absent; tr III without l ���; ta I���III without seta tc ���, tc������. Etymology. This specific name, hesperius, is a Latin word meaning ���western��� and alludes to the State where the mites were collected. Remarks. Palpipalpus hesperius is unusual in the delayed expression of seta v ��� on tr II. This seta is normally expressed in the deutonymph, but in this species it does not appear until the adult. A similar ontogenetic delay occurs in the unrelated species Chaudhripalpus creelae. This mite was red and found on the bark of its host. Palpipalpus is morphologically similar to Crossipalpus but can be separated from it by the presence of dorsal setae f 2 (absent on Crossipalpus), and genua I���II with two setae (one seta on Crossipalpus). Palpipalpus is also morphologically similar to Phytoptipalpus (most species) and Aegyptobia in that they share a full compliment of setae on the dorsal shield. In addition, Palpipalpus and Phytoptipalpus both have two pairs of ps setae, while Aegyptobia differs in having three pairs of ps setae. Palpipalpus also differs in having the gnathosoma almost entirely covered by the prodorsum, seta 1 c is absent, and seta l' is absent on genua I���III., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 81-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337

Chaudhripalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans, 2009 Type species. Crossipalpus creelae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996, by original designation. Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 9 pairs of palmate setae; c 2, d 2, e 2, and f 2 absent; setae h 2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 4 -segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2 (1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1���3) on well developed plates. Adult female: cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced into 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (with median notch formed between the lobes), anterior to and folded under anterior margin of prodorsum and setae v 2, often appear slightly retracted back into body; gnathosoma completely concealed by prodorsum; genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1 c; trochanters I���IV 1 - 1 - 1 -0 or 0- 0-1 -0 (v ��� present or absent on tr I���II, absent on tr III���IV; l' always present on tr III); femora I���IV 3 - 3 - 2 - 1; genua I���IV bare; tibiae 4 - 4 - 3 - 3; tarsi I���IV without tc������. Males unknown. Species. Two species: Ch. creelae, Ch. costacola. Hosts and distribution. Casuarinaceae, Australia. Remarks. Mesa et al. (2009) state the following characters for the genus Chaudhripalpus: five-segmented palps with two simple setae, terminal podomere short, with one simple seta, one eupathidium and an elongate solenidion; ventral setae 4 a absent; aggenital (ag), genital (g) and pseudanal (ps) setae smooth. However on examining the type series, we found these characters to be incorrect. The correct characters are as follows: four-segmented palps with no simple setae, terminal podomere with one solenidion and one seta-like eupathidium; ventral setae 4 a present; aggenital, genital and pseudanal setae are all barbed (ps 3 only weakly barbed). Chaudhripalpus is close to the monotypic genus Tegopalpus, differing only in having a four segmented palp (three segmented in Tegopalpus) and in having setae v" present on tibiae I���IV. This genus is tentatively retained as a separate genus, as the three segmented palp of Tegopalpus is autapomorphic within the Tegopalpinae and other mites found on Casuarinaceae. Males remain unknown for Chaudhripalpus, but like the closely related genus Tegopalpus, we expect that the male and female solenidia would be of similar length and size., Published as part of Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2014, Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales), pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 3778 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251337, {"references":["Mesa, N. C., Ochoa, R., Welbourn, W. C., Evans, G. A. & Moraes, G. J. de (2009) A catalog of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of the world with a key to genera. Zootaxa, 2098, 1 - 185.","Smiley, R. L., Frost, W. E. & Gerson, U. (1996) A revision of the subfamily Tegopalpinae, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). International Journal of Acarology, 22 (3), 167 - 180. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959608684092"]}

Osperalycus tenerphagus Bolton and Klompen gen. nov., sp. nov. Figures 1–8 Diagnosis Osperalycus is readily distinguished from other genera of Nematalycidae by the presence of simple setae of similar size along the opisthosoma (Figure 1A, B); the simple setae next to the anal opening of Gordialycus and Nematalycus are at least three times as long as those along the rest of the opisthosoma, although the opisthosoma of Gordialycus and Nematalycus is often almost completely nude. Cunliffea and Psammolycus have bifurcate or trifurcate setae along the opisthosoma. Osperalycus is also readily distinguished from Gordialycus and Nematalycus by the baculiform solenidion on tarsus II – this solenidion has a distinctly swollen or bulbous tip in Gordialycus and Nematalycus. The most distinct characters of Osperalycus are to be found in the mouthparts (Figure 2A, B). The vessel (Ve) – modified from the lateral lips – is a very unusual structure that appears to be unique to this genus (Figure 2A). Markedly short chelicerae (Ch) (Osperalycus tenerphagus and Psammolycus delamarei, but not Nearctic cf. Psammolycus or any other genus of Nematalycidae. Osperalycus is also distinct from all other genera in having rutella (Ru) that overlap at the midline (Figure 2A). Female General morphology. Idiosoma ≈ 600 µm long (≈12 times longer than wide) when fully extended (Figure 1A, B). Cuticle with flat round projections, or palettes, sensu Haupt and Coineau (1999), lining the latitudinal annuli (Figure 3A–D). Trachea and peritremes absent. Lyrifissures absent from idiosoma. Podocephalic canals terminating anteriorly between the bases of the chelicerae; extending back beyond coxae I. Distinct glands leading into podocephalic canals at coxae I. Long narrow oesophagus extends to proximity of metapodosoma. Prodorsum. Trichobothria absent; naso absent; eyes absent. Three pairs of setae (exa, in and le) and one unpaired rostral (ro) seta. All setae simple and close to the midline of the prodorsum (Figure 2A). Setae ro, le and in subequal and short (4–8); exa long (16–22). Opisthosoma. All setae simple. Setae associated with all nine opisthonotal segments: c1–4, d1–2, e1–2, f1–3, h1–2, ps1–3, ad1–3, an1–3, pa1–3. Frequent and noticeable asymmetry in the longitudinal positions of pairs of setae (Figure 1A, B). In segmental remnants F-PA, ancestrally dorsolateral setae are displaced to a ventrolateral or ventral position that is usually noticeably more anterior than the dorsomedial setae of the same segment. Segment C very long; position of c2 and c3 much more posterior than c1 and c4. Setae on segments C–E generally shorter (5–15) than those on segments F-PA (10–19). Setae c2 short (5–8); proximal setae c3 comparatively long (9–13). Longest opisthosomal setae h2 and ps3 (15–19). From segments H to PA, ventral setae (h2, ps3, ad3, an3, pa3) typically 1 to 4 µm longer than lateral and dorsal setae on the same segment; lateral and dorsal setae subequal. Distinct anal valves projecting from the anus (Figure 4A–C). Ventral furrow, in which annular ridges terminate (Figure 4D), extending from proximity of anal valves to genital region (Figure 4A). Three pairs of genital (g) setae and two pairs of aggenital (ag) setae (Figure 1C). Genital and aggenital setae short (3–7) compared with most other opisthosomal setae. Two pairs of bilobed genital papillae (Figure 1D). Podosoma. Large gap separating legs II and III (Figure 1B). Coxal fields I and II medially separated by intercoxal region (Figure 2B). Single pair of intercoxal setae (between coxal fields II). Coxal fields III and IV medially fused (Figure 1C). Each coxal field I with one bifurcate seta and one simple seta; each coxal field II with one bifurcate seta; coxal fields III with one bifurcate seta and two simple setae on each side of the fused coxal plate; coxal fields IV with one simple seta on each side of the fused coxal plate. Legs. Pretarsi I–IV each with two lateral claws and a ciliated empodium (Figure 5A–E). Solenidial formulae femora–tarsi for individual legs I–IV: 0-1-2-1; 0-0-0-1; 0-0-0-0; 0-0-0- 0. Longitudinal grooves of shortest solenidion phi (φ) (tibia I) restricted to bulbous tip (Figure 5F). Other solenidia baculiform with longitudinal grooves extending almost all the way to the base. Solenidia omega (ω) on tarsi I and II subequal and noticeably larger than solenidion phi (φ) and sigma (σ) on, respectively, tibia I and genu I (Figure 6). Setae absent from trochanters I–IV. Setal formulae femora–tarsi for individual legs I–IV (excluding solenidia and famuli): 4-6-7-16; 2-2-2-9; 1-0-2-6; 1-0-2-5. All setae on femora–tibiae I–IV simple. Tarsi I–IV with various setae (see below). Femur I sometimes lacking the dorsal seta normally added in post-protonymphal instars – some individuals with three setae on one femur I and four on the other. Tarsus I (Figure 5A). Seven pairs of setae (p, tc, ft, u, a, pv and pl) and two unpaired setae (s and d). Proral (p) setae conical and extending from turbercle. One tectal (tc ″ ) and one fastigial (ft ″ ) seta usually semi-bifurcate, with one branch short and barb-like – sometimes short and basal enough for the seta to qualify as simple (see aforementioned criteria in Material and methods section), or rarely long enough to be bifurcate. Other fastigial (ft') seta usually bifurcate, rarely semi-trifurcate or trifurcate. All other setae simple. Subunguinal (s) seta centred between pair of anterolateral (a) setae. Dorsal (d) seta proximal and posterior to base of solenidion ω. Small stubby famulus (ε) near tc ″ . Dorsolateral lyrifissure next to posterior margin of tarsus (obscured by overlying integument when viewed under LT-SEM). Tarsus II (Figure 5B, C). Four pairs of setae (p, tc, ft and u) and one unpaired seta (d). Setae p, tc and u bifurcate and projecting forward past base of ambulacrum; ft simple; d trifurcate. Long rod-like famulus near tc ″ . Base of solenidion ω next to posterior margin of tarsus. Tarsus III (Figure 5D). Two pairs of setae (p and u) and two unpaired setae (tc ″ and d). Setae p, u and tc ″ bifurcate and projecting forward past base of ambulacrum; d bifurcate. Tarsus IV (Figure 5E). Identical to tarsus III but with tc ″ absent. Gnathosoma. Gnathosoma including a vessel (Ve) – modified from the lateral lips – into which the chelae (opposing digits) slot (Figure 2A). Chelicerae (Ch) ≈ 12 µm long and slanting downwards, anteriorly, into the vessel. Single dorsal seta on each chelicera. Rutella (Ru) consisting of a swollen base with a narrow extending digit. The rutella lie against the anterior surface of the vessel and overlap at the midline, appearing as an inverted v – more discernible, under a light microscope, when the chelae are not within the vessel. Palps (Pa) ≈ 10 µm long and three-segmented, tentatively designated femur, genu and tarsus; solenidia absent; setal formula femur–tarsus for each palp: 0-1-6; distal tarsal seta with cupshaped tip; all other setae simple. Palp tarsus also with three very small cuticular protuberances (only visible under LT-SEM and omitted from Figure 2A, B). Subcapitulum with four pairs of setae: m, a, or1–2 (Figure 2B). Adoral setae (or1–2) typically unevenly tapering (or2 sometimes evenly tapering); anterior pair (or1) vestigial and broad. Ontogeny Idiosoma and appendages. From larva to adult, the idiosoma increases greatly in length compared with the appendages (Table 1; Figures 7, 8A, B). Notably, there is no apparent increase in the length of the palp. Chaetotaxy. Aside from the legs and coxal fields (see below), setal additions only occur in the genital region and segments AD to PA (Table 2). Adults readily distinguished from tritonymphs by the presence of setae ag2 (very posterior and close to f3) and long pa1–3 (Table 2). New segmental additions of setae to the posterior tip of the opisthosoma always short (3–7), increasing two- to four-fold in length at the next instar (Table 2). Several other opisthosomal setae noticeably increase in length from the larval to adult instar (Figures 1A, B, 7): seta f3 increases approximately four-fold (from 3–4) to be subequal to f2 and f1 (11–16); setae d2 and e2 increase by about 50% (from 7–10 to 10– 15). All other opisthosomal and prodorsal setae increase only slightly ( Leg setation complete (including coxal fields) by the deutonymphal instar (Table 3). Setation of tarsus I is completed by the addition of an unpaired dorsal (d) seta in the protonymph. Chaetotaxy unchanging for tarsi II–IV. Numbers of solenidia, famuli and lyrifissures also unchanging for all leg segments. Gnathosoma without additions of setae or any other structures. Material examined Holotype female (OSAL 015134), USA, Ohio, Franklin Co., Kinnear Road, 39.9990 N, 83.0468 W, silty clay loam from suburban prairie (including shrubs, grasses and small trees); collector: Samuel Bolton, May 2011, 40 cm deep (SB11- 05-I). Same data: 9 F (OSAL 0103239, 0105137, 0105138, 0105147, 0105148, 0105149, 0105153, 0105155, 0105156), 1 TN/F? (OSAL 0105135), 5 TN (OSAL 0105143, 0105146, 0105151, 0105152, 0105157), 1 DN (OSAL 0105145), 1 PN (OSAL 0105150), 3 L (OSAL 0103237, 0105141, 0105142), 1 pharate (TN–F, OSAL 0105154). Same locality and collector, July 2010, 60 cm deep (SB10-0724-I): 4 F (OSAL 0103240, 0105136, 0105139, 0105140), 1 DN, (OSAL 0105144), 2 PN (OSAL 0103241, 0103242), 1 L (OSAL 0103245), 2 pharates (L-PN, OSAL 0103243, 0103244). August 2011 (LT-SEM material), 60 cm deep: 9 F, 1 TN/F?, 6 TN, 1 DN/ TN?, 1 DN, 1 PN (used for SEM, not recovered). USA, Ohio, Ashtabula Co., West Main Road, 41.9246 N, 80.6138 W, sandy loam in small chestnut plantation, collector: Samuel Bolton, July 2011, 40 cm deep (SB11-07- IV): 1 F (OSAL 0105133), 1 TN (OSAL 0103238), 1 DN (OSAL 0105132). Note: Measurements taken from slide-mounted specimens rather than scanning electron microscopy, for which the integument is generally not fully extended. Notes (Key): Unbracketed: simple seta; bracketed: bifurcate; bracketed and underscored: semibifurcate; double bracketed: trifurcate; angle bracketed: conical; hyphen: absence of setae; n/a: leg absent; highlighted grey: seta added in this instar. Type material and depositor Holotype female (OSAL 0105134) at Ohio State University Acarology Collection (OSAL), Columbus, Ohio, USA. Paratypes: US National Collection (USNM), housed at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA: 2 F (OSAL 0105137, 0105147); Natural History Museum (BMNH), London, UK: 2 F (OSAL 0105140, 0105148); all other paratypes at OSAL. Etymology Binomial. Osperalycus tenerphagus. Ospera - is a combination of the Latin terms for “mouth” (os) and “purse/bag” (pera) in reference to the soft and unsclerotized vessel of the gnathosoma; - lycus is a Latinized Greek ending given to three of the four other genera of Nematalycidae. The species name, tenerphagus, combines the Latin term for “tender” with the Greek-derived Latin suffix for “feeding”, referring to the delicate mechanism hypothesized to explain how this mite may carefully pick up small micro-organisms and place them into its feeding vessel without rupturing them (Bolton et al. in preparation). Systematic relationships Whereas rutella were thought to be absent from the Nematalycidae (Walter 2009), they are clearly present in Osperalycus tenerphagus. Rutella also appear to be present in Gordialycus sp. nov. and cf. Psammolycus sp. nov. (pers. obs.). The presence of rutella combined with the absence of a tracheal system more firmly places the Nematalycidae within the Endeostigmata. Other newly observed characters also suggest a closer relationship with the Endeostigmata than the Tydeoidea, e.g. presence of setae for all nine opisthosomal segments and more than two pairs of setae on the C and F segments. Key to the genera of the Nematalycidae 1. Opisthosomal setae near the anal opening at least three times as long as those along the rest of the opisthosoma, which is often almost completely nude; chelicerae long (> 15 µm)............................................................................ 2 Setae along the length of the opisthosoma of similar size; chelicerae can be short ( 20 µm)............................................................... 3 2. Legs III and IV noticeably smaller than leg II; body usually extremely elongated (adult length>20× width).......................................... Gordialycus Legs III and IV not noticeably smaller than leg II; body not extremely elongated (adult length Nematalycus 3. Palps with two segments; pretarsi II to IV without claws; tritonymphs and adults with three pairs of simple genital papillae; chelicerae long (> 20 µm) but with very short chelae (opposing digits); opisthosomal setae always trifurcate......................................................................................... Cunliffea Palps with three or four segments; lateral claws present on pretarsi II to IV; tritonymphs and adults with two pairs of bilobed genital papillae; if chelicerae long (> 20 µm), chelae distinctly elongated; opisthosomal setae trifurcate, bifurcate or simple............................................................................. 4 4. Palps with four segments; opisthosomal setae distinctly bifurcate or trifurcate; rutella absent or never overlapping at the midline when present; if chelicerae long (> 20 µm), chelae distinctly elongated............ Psammolycus Palps with three segments; opisthosomal setae long and simple (with very small basal barbs that are not visible under a light microscope); rutella overlap at the midline; chelicerae short (Osperalycus