Search

Your search keyword '"Bilston, Lynne E."' showing total 614 results
Start Over Author "Bilston, Lynne E."
614 results on '"Bilston, Lynne E."'

155. Sustained high-pressure in the spinal subarachnoid space while arterial expansion is low may be linked to syrinx development.

Author

Clarke, Elizabeth C., Fletcher, David F., and Bilston, Lynne E.

Subjects
SYRINGOMYELIA, CEREBROSPINAL fluid, ARNOLD-Chiari deformity, COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics, BIOMECHANICS
Abstract

Syringomyelia (a spinal cord cyst) usually develops as a result of conditions that cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obstruction. The mechanism of syrinx formation and enlargement remains unclear, though previous studies suggest that the fluid enters via the perivascular spaces (PVS) of the penetrating arteries of the spinal cord, and that alterations in the CSF pulse timing and pressure could contribute to enhanced PVS inflow. This study uses an idealised computational model of the PVS to investigate the factors that influence peri-arterial fluid flow. First, we used three sample patient-specific models to explore whether changes in subarachnoid space (SAS) pressures in individuals with and without syringomyelia could influence PVS inflow. Second we conducted a parametric study to determine how features of the CSF pulse altered perivascular fluid, including alterations to timing and magnitude of the peak SAS pressure, the timing of reversal from high to low pressure (diastolic phase), and the area under the pressure–time curve. The model for the patient with syringomyelia had higher net CSF inflow to the PVS than the two subjects without syringomyelia. In the parametric study, only increasing the area under the high pressure region of the SAS pulse substantially increased PVS inflow, when coupled with a temporal shift in arterial and SAS pulses. This suggests that a period of sustained high SAS pressure while arterial diameter is low may increase net CSF pumping into the PVS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

172. Effect of head and jaw position on respiratory-related motion of the genioglossus.

Author

Mingshu Cai, Brown, Elizabeth C., Hatt, Alice, Shaokoon Cheng, and Bilston, Lynne E.

Subjects
HEAD, JAWS, MUSCLES, TONGUE, RESPIRATION, OROPHARYNX, ANATOMY
Abstract

Head and jaw position influence upper airway patency and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the main upper airway dilator muscle, the genioglossus. However, it is not known whether changes in genioglossus EMG activity translate into altered muscle movement during respiration. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of head and jaw position on dilatory motion of the genioglossus in healthy adult men during quiet breathing by measuring the displacement of the posterior tongue in six positions-neutral, head extension, head rotation, head flexion, mouth opening, and mandibular advancement. Respiratory-related motion of the genioglossus was imaged with spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) in 12 awake male participants. Tissue displacement was quantified with harmonic phase (HARP) analysis. The genioglossus moved anteriorly beginning immediately before or during inspiration, and there was greater movement in the oropharynx than in the velopharynx in all positions. Anterior displacements of the oropharyngeal tongue varied between neutral head position (0.81 ± 0.41 mm), head flexion (0.62 ± 0.45 mm), extension (0.39 ± 0.19 mm), axial rotation (0.39 ± 0.2 mm), mouth open (1.24 ± 0.72 mm), and mandibular advancement (1.08 ± 0.65 mm). Anteroposterior displacement increased in the mouth-open position and decreased in the rotated position relative to cross-sectional area (CSA) (P = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively), but CSA did not independently predict anteroposterior movement overall (P = 0.057). The findings of this study suggest that head position influences airway dilation during inspiration and may contribute to variation in airway patency in different head positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

173. Family day care educators as a source of child car safety information for parents.

Author

Nikolin, Stevan, Lindner, Helen, Bilston, Lynne E., and Brown, Julie

Abstract

Family day care (FDC) is a child care model used internationally where children are cared for in the homes of educators. FDC educators have regular contact with families and transport children in their care in their own vehicles. The potential of using child care services as a delivery point for information on optimal child car safety practices has previously been established. However, all previous work has focused on formal early childhood education centers. This study examines child restraint practices and knowledge among FDC educators, and the degree to which these services are being used to provide child restraint information to parents, using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. FDC educators (n = 82) and families (n = 142) completed surveys on child restraint knowledge and practices. Educators reported that 96% of children in their care had been transported in vehicles while attending FDC. While 91% said they knew the law regarding child restraint use only 84% reported complying with this legislation for the children in their care at all times. While 70% reported providing child restraint advice to parents and 88% reported receiving training on child restraints, this training appeared uncoordinated and inconsistent among respondents. Only 9% of families using FDC reported their FDC educator as a child restraint information source. A more structured approach to training and support of FDC services is required to ensure consistent and effective information exchange with parents. While FDC educators are a potential health promotion delivery point about child restraint use, this potential is currently being underutilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results