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An ideal self-healing material is supposed to automatically, without any external action, recover its characteristics and integrity in a minimum amount of time necessary after the suffering damage and repeat this countless times. Inspired by nature, self-healing materials represent the forefront of recent developments in materials chemistry and engineering. Artificial self-healing materials that would be similar to biological objects in terms of restoring characteristics would offer huge opportunities, especially in the cases where it is necessary to provide the reliability of materials in not easily accessible zones as long as possible during their service life. Biocompatible self-healing composite may extend the service life of artificial bone, artificial teeth, and so on. Self-healing hydrogels are widely use as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing and 3D printing applications. Self-healing rubber could find applications in toy industry. Since it is a growing area, these materials find applications in various fields. But this chapter discusses the main applications of self-healing materials such as wound healing, tissue engineering, 3D printing, drug delivery, anticorrosion coatings, aerospace and electronics applications.

Facial graft transplantation remains the operation of choice for patients with extensive tissue defects in the maxillofacial region. This study aimed to set up an experiment on biological objects, develop and test a combined facial graft cross-transplantation technique, select the anesthetic aid allowing to reduce the risks of perioperative complications, improve survivability of the subjects by reducing the duration of surgical intervention, develop a postoperative therapy and rehabilitation protocol, assess detection of an acute rejection reaction and develop the immunosuppressive therapy protocol. We conducted three series of facial graft transplantation surgeries on 26 minipigs and tested the typical component combinations and flap designs. At all stages of the experiment, we managed to have the subjects surviving for over 30 days without disrupting their vital functions. The immunosuppression procedure was developed and tested. The chosen technique allows transplanting two grafts within a single surgery on one pair.

A Ti&ndash, 25Nb&ndash, 13Ta&ndash, 5Zr alloy was produced and studied in this work, and plates and wires were made from this alloy. It is shown that the Ti&ndash, 5Zr alloy has the required mechanical properties and a &beta, crystal phase. Microstructures were present on the surface of the alloy with a height of several hundred nm, located at a distance of 1.5&ndash, 2 &mu, m from each other. Ti&ndash, 5Zr was superior to nitinol in terms of the formation of long-living reactive protein species and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Cell cultivation on Ti&ndash, 5Zr alloy surfaces revealed a significant mitotic index (2%) and a small number of nonviable cells (&lt, 5%). The cells were actively attached and spread over the alloy. The biocompatibility of Ti&ndash, 5Zr was verified by experiments on the implantation of the alloy in the form of plates and coiled wires. The surface morphology of the specimens after biological trials was not significantly altered. The experimental data we obtained suggest that Ti&ndash, 5Zr is suitable for potential applications in biology and medicine.

Plenoptic cameras use arrays of micro-lenses to capture multiple views of the same scene in a single compound image. They enable refocusing on different planes and depth estimation. However, until now, all types of plenoptic computational imaging have been limited to visible light. We demonstrate an x-ray plenoptic microscope that uses a concentrating micro-capillary array instead of a micro-lens array and can simultaneously acquire from one hundred to one thousand x-ray projections of imaged volumes that are located in the focal spot region of the micro-capillary array. Hence, tomographic slices at various depths near the focal plane can be reconstructed in a way similar to tomosynthesis, but from a single x-ray exposure. The microscope enables depth-resolved imaging of small subvolumes in large samples and can be used for imaging of weakly absorbing artificial and biological objects by means of propagation phase-contrast., Comment: The following article has been accepted by Applied Physics Letters

Advances in laser and optoelectronic technologies have brought the general concept of optomechanical manipulation to the level of standard biophysical tools, paving the way towards controlled experiments and measurements of tiny mechanical forces. Recent developments in direct laser writing (DLW) have enabled the realization of new types of micron-scale optomechanical tools, capable of performing designated functions. Here we further develop the concept of DLW-fabricated optomechanically-driven tools and demonstrate full-3D manipulation capabilities over biological objects. In particular, we resolved the long-standing problem of out-of-plane rotation in a pure liquid, which was demonstrated on a living cell, clamped between a pair of forks, designed for efficient manipulation with holographic optical tweezers. The demonstrated concept paves the way for the realization of flexible tools for performing on-demand functions over biological objects, such as cell tomography and surgery to name just few.

Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary field of managing health information digitally, which can be used further for analyzing and justifying the biological behavior of the nature. In the advancement of different computational tools and algorithms, these biological data can be managed very efficiently, and by analyzing those data, it is very much possible to find and discover different unknown mysteries of nature like the cause of happening any disease, the evolution of biological objects like virus, bacteria or any kind of living species, customized drug management, prediction of protein structure, DNA sequencing, etc. In the era of digitization, there are huge amount of biological data that are now possible to store in digital platform, and these can be processed through various computational tools that can analyze those data and produce various statistical reports. Machine learning in the domain of artificial intelligence is now a common tool for different bioinformatics applications. The main advantages of machine learning techniques are to predict the optimized results based on the previous data record. In this paper, we will discuss about the different tools and its application on bioinformatics and the artificial intelligence approach to the bioinformatics application.

The article presents experimental studies of the application of electromagnetic technologies for impact on biological objects. Tomato seeds were chosen as experimental biological objects. For the study, the technological parameters of EMF were obtained using the method of full factor experiment. Laboratory and field studies were carried out. In laboratory studies, the results of EMF effects on chromosomal aberrations of tomato seeds were obtained. Dependencies of chromosomal aberrations in tomato seeds on changes in seeds EMF exposure, EMF frequency, and EMF power flow density were given. In field studies, pre-sowing treatment of tomato seeds with electromagnetic radiation was performed in order to cause changes in biochemical processes in the plant. During the experiment, 55 options of pre-sowing EMF treatment with specified parameters were obtained. Dependencies of tomato seed germination on input parameters - EMF frequency, power flow density and exposure were given. After laboratory and field tests, it was concluded that pre-sowing EMF treatment of tomato seeds with optimal parameters results in an increase in chromosomal aberrations of tomatoes by 5.5%; field germination of tomatoes by 18%.

The prehistory, present state, and prospects of LENR and transmutation of stable and radioactive isotopes in growing biological objects are considered in detail. The prerequisites, biological, and physical causes and methods for optimizing the process of isotope transmutation are discussed. Experiments on transmutation of various isotopes (including the production of rare stable isotopes and the deactivation of reactor radioactive waste) are also considered. It is shown that the most likely physical mechanism of LENR in biological systems is connected with the formation of coherent correlated states of interacting particles. This process is accompanied by giant energy fluctuations, which can exist for a long time, sufficient to produce nuclear reactions. This process happens automatically in nonstationary potential nano-wells, which are formed in various biophysical and biochemical processes in growing biological objects—for example, during cell division, at DNA replication, at the entrance to ion channels in plasma membranes, and in other places of growing objects.

Solving the problem of increasing plant resistance, the development of environmentally-friendly technologies is particularly important, which also contribute to the reduction of resource costs for production and load on the environment. The research results indicate a positive effect from the treatment of plants and seeds with electrochemically activated (ECA) water, electric fields, and impulse pressure (IP). Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with ECA water increases the germination rate and seed germination energy, improves the development of plants, improves morphological parameters, etc. The reactions of economically dangerous pests and causative agents of infectious plant diseases to the use of ECA water are identified. The combination of pre-sowing seed treatment with the treatment of vegetative plants provides the highest possible result.

The problem to which the claimed study is to improve the methods of immunostaining of large biological objects, including mammalian embryos, isolated whole organs, and marine invertebrates through the use of penetrating agents and detergents for the delivery of antibodies and their subsequent visualization after chemical clearance. The advantages of the proposed method are adaptability for different biological objects. This method allows to easily visualizing the deeper tissue structures of organs, embryos of vertebrates, and also, for the first time, the method is adapted for invertebrate animals. The method involves the use of DMSO penetrating agents, solutions of blocking and incubation with antibodies and chemical enlightenment using a mixture of benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate.

This paper reports a feedback-based manoeuvre planning approach for automated nonprehensile selective micromanipulation of large, microscopic biological objects ( ∼ 100 μ m ). We employ ferromagnetic micro-particles as microrobots actuated via a global magnetic field produced by electromagnetic coils placed in quadrupole configuration. The microrobot motion is programmed to push the target object to the goal location. We employ a three-step approach comprising: (a) generate a collision-free optimal path between the initial and the commanded goal location, (b) generate a manoeuvre planning algorithm that invokes one of the three motion manoeuvres, namely, ‘approach’, ‘push’, and ‘align’ depending upon the instantaneous locations of the microrobot, target object, and the desired waypoint, and (c) deploy a simple proportional controller that determines the currents required in the electromagnetic coils that can produce a suitable magnetic field for executing the manoeuvre invoked by the manoeuvre planner. This paper reports a number of validation experiments conducted on both zebrafish, i.e., Danio rerio embryos and silica beads as target objects. We envisage that the developed inexpensive approach can be useful in robotic manipulation of biological objects with sizes in hundreds of microns including large biological cells, polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC), multicellular spheroids, Dictyostelium slug, human oocytes, and autophagy candidates. We also believe that functionalising the microrobots with living cells or suitable chemicals will make it possible to perform on-chip biological experiments in future.

Symbols are part of a complex means of communication that has various meanings. Symbols are not only in the form of verbs but symbols are also nonverbal as those found in customary practices are realized in the form of equipment/ objects/goods. This study aims to describe the meaning and function of the symbol of the cultural biology of the Ngaju Dayak community in the Balanga Museum Palangka Raya. The method used in this study is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The techniques used are recording, interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study there are eight biological objects that contain cultural symbols for the Dayak Ngaju community, namely: dawen sawang (sawang leaves, uwei (rattan), humbang (bamboo), tampung papas (sacred leaves/purification), suli (galangal stems), creepers (clothes baskets), hadangan (buffalo), and maharanda.

Background Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial morphology plays important roles in studies of mitochondrial biology. The analysis depends critically on segmentation of mitochondria, the image analysis process of extracting mitochondrial morphology from images. The main goal of this study is to characterize the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in segmentation of mitochondria from fluorescence microscopy images. Recently, CNNs have achieved remarkable success in challenging image segmentation tasks in several disciplines. So far, however, our knowledge of their performance in segmenting biological images remains limited. In particular, we know little about their robustness, which defines their capability of segmenting biological images of different conditions, and their sensitivity, which defines their capability of detecting subtle morphological changes of biological objects.

Aim: methodological aspects of the study influenced static magnetic fields (SMF) used in the technology "Russian Maglev" on the organisms are improved. Materials and methods: organotypic culture of animal tissue fragments was studied under the influence of an experimental setup generating a homogeneous SMF with characteristics similar the "Russian Maglev". Results: area index (AI) for liver, heart, prostate, renal tissue of explants in the control and under the action of SMF did not differ. SMF significantly reduces AI of explants the immune tissue of the spleen and the cerebral cortex. Conclusions: 1. the influence of SMF has a negative impact on the proliferative activity in organotypic culture of the cerebral cortex and spleen; 2. the biological model for examination of influence SMF on organisms intended for approbation of means of physical protection is presented.

This review analyzes the general patterns of synergism, whose manifestation under the simultaneous actions of various agents does not depend on the biological objects and the effect being analyzed. The existence of an optimum temperature that provides the maximum synergy for simultaneous application of hyperthermia with various physical or chemical agents is demonstrated. Examples of the dependence of synergism on the intensity of electromagnetic radiation applied simultaneously with a fixed elevated temperature are given. It is shown that the synergistic effect of interaction of these factors with hyperthermia increases as the intensity of applied agents increases, reaches a maximum, and then decreases. A biophysical interpretation of this original dependence of synergism on the intensity of the used agents is suggested. This interpretation is based on the idea that the formation of additional lethal changes as a result of the interaction of sub-lesions underlies the mechanism of synergistic interaction.

The complexity of biological objects and the rapid change in their composition after sampling, the variety of compounds of different chemical nature, possessing oxidative and antioxidant properties, make the task of its estimating extremely nontrivial and important for food, nutrients and human health characterization. The paper discusses the use of potentiometry in determining integral antioxidant/oxidant activity mainly of biological fluids and human skin. The source of information is the electrode potential shift that occurs when the analyzed object is inserted in the solution of the mediator system or when the mediator system is exposed to human skin. The experimental approaches, protocols, calculations are described. A number of examples of antioxidant activity and oxidative stress estimation in medicine are presented. The works show lower levels of antioxidant activity (AOA) of plasma and blood serum in patients with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and malignant neoplasms as compared with the healthy volunteers. It was found out that antioxidant activity of fertile men semen is higher than AOA of infertile patients. Using the method discussed have shown that in some infertile male patients antioxidant activity of semen has been accompanied by oxidant activity. It has been found, that antioxidant activity of skin increases after intake of ascorbic acid and vitamin-enriched juices. The described approach holds considerable promise for monitoring oxidative stress of the whole organism and its systems, and for selecting effective and safe therapy. Thus, it opens up new opportunities in expanding the use of analytical chemistry in such an important field as medicine.

This study is focused on the evaluation of the levels of accumulation of the man-made radionuclides by several components of Yenisei River close to the water discharge spot of the Mining and chemical plant containing a significant amount of man-made radionuclides. The study was performed during the period of activity of the third nuclear reactor, belonging to this facility and included measuring the concentration of the gamma-emitting man-made and natural radionuclides. Gamma-spectrometry indicated significant amounts of man-made activation radionuclides (24Na – up to 1950 Bk/kg, 51Cr – up to 2860 Bk/kg) in biological objects. With some assumptions at the dose rate assessment, the highest does were estimated for the following organisms (mkGy/day): water plants – up to 39, fish – grayling 22,3 and pike 36,4. These values are significantly lower compared to the accepted dose from ionizing radiation for the water biota – 10 mkGy/day.

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of improving the apple assortment by creating new columnar varieties that combine in their genotype compact growth habit, high productivity, fruit quality, scab resistance and resistance to adverse abiotic environmental factors. The researches were held in proper genetics and breeding lab on the base of apple hybrid fund in the Breeding and Genetical Centre affiliated to I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center in 2008-2017. More than 20 000 seedlings were used as biological objects of researches. The seedlings were obtained as a result of diallel crossings and topcross-crossings of old russian apple varieties of domestic origin, promising donors and sources of high winter resistance, columnar growth habit, and scab resistance, all of them were selected in the Breeding and genetic center of I. V. Michurin Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops and introduced. The experimental researches were based on methods of observations, as well as hybridologic analysis, modeling of stress-factors and comparison of the obtained data with the use of genetic & statistical methods. During hybridization, cultivation and study of hybrid seedlings, elite forms and varieties, the conventional methods of breeding and variety were used. New highly productive (25-35 t/hectare), winter resistant (-38…-40 °C), disease resistant, with high fruit quality columnar apple varieties Gotica, Geyzer, Stela, Strela, Kaskad were included into the State register of breeding achievement admitted to use. The highest economical efficiency was marked in columnar varieties Kaskad, Strela, Geyzer. The pro fi t per hectare in production of Kaskad variety was 413,4 thousand rubles with its pro fi tability in 248,7 %, this fact signi fi cantly exceeds the level of reference varieties.

At present, influence of weak magnetic fields associated with solar and geomagnetic activity on biological systems is gaining more interest. Taking into account the accumulated data on the influence of geomagnetic storms on different biological levels, it is obvious that the mechanism of influence is universal. One of the approaches in this search may be the study of patterns and differences in the response to geomagnetic storms of various biological objects. As a research material served: data on the number of ambulance calls in the city of Irkutsk for acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction; results of retrospective analysis of the number of spontaneous parturition of the city of Irkutsk; data on the motion activity of fruit fly Drosophyla melanogaster, obtained by automated monitoring. The investigated indicators were compared with the parameters of geomagnetic activity at different time scales. As indicators of geomagnetic storms, three-hour (ap) and daily (Ap) equal to the average amplitude of variation of the geomagnetic field of the Earth. In the case of comparing the motion activity of fruit flies with magnetic storms, the local companions of the Earth’s magnetic field were additionally considered according to the data of the Irkutsk magnetic observatory. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that the detected response of biological systems depends on the characteristics of the state of the Earth’s magnetic field, which falls on the period of passage of magnetic storms. The obtained data also indicate possible gender differences in the response to the effects of the geomagnetic factor by organisms of different levels.

This review addresses questions of the specific characteristics of power supply to implanted devices (ID), including the service life of supply elements and the level of power consumption of contemporary devices, the acceptable weight and size characteristics of ID, and priority areas for implantation. Known methods of energy transmission and transformation are compared and the ranges of potential specific power for these are determined −0.1-100 mW/cm2 for wireless energy transmission, 0.0001-0.1 mW/cm2 for transformation of energy for sources specific to biological objects, and less than 0.0001 mW/cm2 for isotope power sources.

The ways of entering the environment and harmful effects on human health of copper compounds (copper) and products of their decomposition are considered. Among the chemicals that pollute different objects of the environment, a significant group of toxicants are metals and their compounds. Metals play an important role in the physiological processes of living organisms. However, the ingestion of large quantities of metals into the body leads to poisoning. The subject of research was copper and its compounds. In insignificant quantities it is contained in the cells of almost all human organs. The content of copper is replenished at the expense of food products, especially cereals, peas, mushrooms, meat, and others. Widespread use of copper in industry, agriculture, everyday life requires detailed research in various objects. The method of separation, purification, detection and quantitative determination of coupler compounds in biological objects (seeds of leguminous plants) is proposed. The identification was carried out by qualitative reactions, and the quantitative determination - by the photoelectrocolorimetric method on the basis of the reaction with ditison. The developed method can be determined from 2 to 10 mg of Cuprum in 100 g of the object under study. Detection limit is 0.5 mg.

In the past, algorithms exploiting varying semantics in interactions between biological objects such as genes and diseases have been used in bioinformatics to uncover latent relationships within biological datasets. In this paper, we consider the algorithm Medusa in parallel with binary classification in order to find potential compounds to inhibit oral cancer. Oral cancer affects the mouth and pharynx and has a high mortality rate due to its late discovery. Current methods of oral cancer treatment, such as chemoradiation and surgery, fail to provide better chances for survival, warranting an alternative approach. By running Medusa on a data fusion graph consisting of biological objects, we incorporate binary classification to model the algorithm's association detection to discover compounds with the potential to mitigate the effects of oral cancer.

The concentration of carbon nanopipes (CNPs) can be detected and quantitatively measured in various matrices, including biological ones, using the methodology of formation of a gamma-emitting radioactive isotope marker in a CNP. The methodology has been tested in a 10-day experiment on the sprouting of wheat seeds on an artificial substrate damped by a water suspension of radioactively marked Taunit-M multiwall CNPs (MCNP) (Russia). Changes in the activities of samples of developing plant organs—root system, coleoptile and root base, and stem with leaves—makes it possible to define the quantitative concentration of MCNPs passing from a substrate with a known concentration of the given nanomaterial into a plant. The results show promising outlooks for applying this methodology for quantitative measurements of CNP mass/concentration in various media and biological objects.

The aim of this review was the study of the influence of electromagnetic radiation of microwave range on biological objects. The analysis of modern materials and methods of protection of biological objects from microwave radiation is carried out. The properties of composite radioabsorbing materials based on the polymeric binding and functional fillers are analyzed. The mechanisms of influence on biological objects by the electromagnetic radiation of microwave range are analyzed. The conclusion is that the composite radioabsorbing materials and electromagnetic screens are an effective solution to the problems of electromagnetic safety and electromagnetic ecology. The most perspective among them are composite materials based on thermoplastic binding.

Background The assessment of the potential significance of synergistic interaction between adverse ecological factors acting together at the level of intensities found in the biosphere is still intriguing and unresolved problem. Objective This study aims to analyze synergistic effects for various biological objects, tests, and interacting agents to provide conclusive evidence of possible synergistic interactions of natural intensities of environmental factors on cell growth. Methods Four dose-effect curves were obtained for each object and interacting factors: after the individual action of agents, after their simultaneous action and theoretically expected curve after independent addition of the effects produced by each agent. The synergistic enhancement ratio (SER) and its dependence on intensities of agents were quantitatively estimated based on these curves. Results The extent of synergistic interaction was shown to be dependent on the intensity of physical factors or concentration of chemicals in such a manner that there were optimal conditions at which the greatest synergy may be achieved. The lesser the intensity of one of the agents applied, the smaller intensity of another agent has to be used to provide the highest synergistic interaction. In investigations where SER > 1, CI Conclusion The existence of optimal conditions providing the greatest synergistic effect and its dependence on the intensity of applied agents was demonstrated. Common patterns were identified. It is concluded that synergistic interactions are important for the evaluation of biological consequences and risk assessment from combined effects at low intensities of ionizing radiation, UV-light, electromagnetic fields, or small concentration of chemicals.

Experimental studies on the radiation treatment of food products by various types of ionizing radiation are conducted at Moscow State University’s Faculty of Physics. The effect different doses of X-ray radiation have on the biochemical characteristics of potatoes is considered as an alternative to gamma radiation and accelerated electrons. The effect different doses of accelerated electrons have on the microbiological parameters of refrigerated fish products is also considered. Results are presented from studies on the radiation sterilization of bioimplants in combination with chemical action. The proposed technique of combined sterilization based on the effect of an ozone–oxygen mixture and a beam of accelerated electrons allows the radiation dose of bioimplants to be reduced.

In in vitro experiments, the possibility of using a luminescent system extracted from the luminous fungus Armillaria borealis has been shown to detect and determine the concentration of hispidin. A linear dependence of the luminescent response on the content of hispidin in solutions in the concentration range of 5.4 × 10–5–1.4 × 10–2 µM was detected. The stability of the enzyme system and the high sensitivity of the bioluminescent reaction allows carrying out multiple measurements with the analyte detection limit of 1.3 × 10–11 g. The obtained results show the prospects of creating a rapid bioluminescent method for the analysis of medical substances or extracts from various biological objects for the presence of hispidin.

The spread of almost all diseases caused by living pathogens is determined primarily by environmental conditions. These pathogens like any other biological objects are the components of the certain natural ecosystems. An essential part of any medico- geographical assessment is the search for links between the spread of diseases and factors of the geographical environment. The role of factors that affect the spread of the natural diseases is unequal. The climatic factor is deemed one of the main determinants for the spread of naturally-determined diseases. This factor manifests itself at all levels of territorial differentiation. The goal of these studies was to identify the natural and climatic suitability of the certain territory for spread of diseases in order to assess the possible influence of the climatic factor on the medico-geographical situation in the context of the regional environment. The objectives are to estimate the role of climatic and weather parameters in the functioning of natural foci inRussia; to assess the natural and climatic suitability of the territory for spread of diseases; and to identify the climatic preconditions of spread of particular climate-dependent infections. In this study, on the example of several climate- depended diseases different approaches to medico-geographical assessment have been implemented and number of new methodological solutions have been proposed.

Purpose: To determine frequency-dependent impedance characteristics of the brains of the experimental animals. Material and methods: The developed by us 2-microphone interferometer technology was used in the acoustic impedance characteristics determination. The two standard microphones mounted stationary on a lateral surface of the interferometer measure the sound pressure levels and the phase difference between them. According to these data, the complex reflection coefficient and the impedance components of the test sample mounted on the end of the interferometer are calculated. The electrical impedance characteristics were measured by two electrodes method with the usage of parallel electrodes. The sample was placed between two electrodes and values of electrical impedance were detected by the electric current flowing through them. The object of the investigation was the rabbit brain. Results: The maximum acoustic absorption coefficient of the rabbit’s brain, on average, is registered at a frequency of 160–180 Hz and reaches 0.7. Then, as the frequency increases, the absorption coefficient decreases and at an average frequency of 760 Hz is 0.43. It can be noted that the spread in the data is maximum in the frequency range up to 240 Hz. The coefficient of variation varies from 23 to 10 %. At frequencies above 300 Hz, the coefficient of variation is less than 5 %. A low value of the coefficient of variation indicates a sufficiently accurate and reliable data. The difference in the magnitude of the spread between low frequencies in comparison with the spreads at medium and high frequencies reaches 2–4 times. This difference is caused by methodological errors. First of all, this is due to the fact that the waveguide is round with a diameter equal to 3.3 cm, and the whole brain of the rabbit resembles in a greater degree an oval. It is impossible for the rabbit’s whole brain to completely cover the circular surface of the waveguide section, there will always be gaps that bring in an element of uncertainty at low frequencies. At higher frequencies, this circumstance no longer affects the measurement error significantly. The presence of a maximum at frequencies of 160–180 Hz does not correspond to theoretical concepts. With the help of additional experiments with non-biological samples, it was possible to establish that this maximum is caused by an irregular geometric shape of the rabbit’s whole brain. Depending on the position of small dimples in the brain tissue and other irregularities, the maximum of the absorption coefficient appears. Those it is also a methodological error that characterizes rather the degree of overlapping of the waveguide section and the contact surface of the sound wave with the brain. In this series of experiments, it was also estimated how the values of the acoustic characteristics of the brain of rabbits vary with time. The first measurements were made 10–15 minutes after the extraction of the brain, the second measurement after 20 minutes, the third after 1 hour. It can be noted that the average values are almost identical starting from frequencies from 300 Hz and higher. There are small deviations in the readings at low frequencies. Over time, the absorption coefficient at low frequencies increased from 0.65 to 0.75. The analysis of the electrical impedance characteristics and loss factor calculations indicates that the range of the loss factor variation at a frequency of 1 kHz, for all experimental animals ranges from 0.04 to 0.07 and at a frequency of 100 kHz – from 0.06 to 0.09. Conclusion: The represented measuring systems allow obtaining the necessary acoustic and electrical impedance characteristics of biotissues; these data are important for the physical and mathematical modelling of the sound and EM waves’ interaction with the human body.

The optoacoustic effect leading to excitation of acoustic waves upon absorption of a variable light flux is considered. This effect is of interest from the viewpoint of practical application in biomedical measurements as a promising noninvasive method for diagnostics of biological objects. The results of experimental flow diagnostics based on laser excitation of an optoacoustic signal in liquid are presented. An algorithm of the flow cytometry procedure is developed.

The advanced instrumental technique for research and control of the motivation of the experimental animals under the weak microwave electromagnetic radiation are suggested. The microwave is modulated by interval patterns. The results of these physiological and metabolites experiments showed that long-distance low-intensive, special coded microwave exposition can change the current motivations and corresponding behavior of animals. These results can be used in the studies of the fundamental brain mechanisms and in the medicine.

The article deals with the issue of detection of rocuronium in biological objects. The analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography / mass-spectrometry with “electrospray” ionization. We have a case of forensic practice.

The article considers the study of the liquid respiration technology for diving/surfacing of biological objects in the Black Sea to the depth of 500, 1,000, and 1,500 meters. The authors focus on safe diving/surfacing modes and depths. The authors developed and tried an autonomous capsule attached to a winch with a cable that can be used for the diving and surfacing of the immersed bioobject. The authors provide the key diving/surfacing speeds, as well as maximum diving depths for a dog under spontaneous breathing. The authors present the results of medical research of the bioobject before, during, and after diving involving electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, as well ultrasound, x-ray, and instrumental tests.

The article discusses the effect of microwave radiation on the seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Ultra-high-frequency radiation (UHF) radiation, allowing one to increase the standard planting material yield and reduce its cultivation time. The specificity of enzyme systems for stressing effects is revealed, the dynamics of their change in the period after irradiation is ambiguous and depends on the time of irradiation. The stimulating and lethal doses of radiation are determined. The results show seed treatment with stimulating doses causes reversible changes in the structure and function of enzymes. The regularities and model of the impact of UHF radiation as a stimulating factor on seed viability are established. When exposed to stress factors (radiation), an increase in the activity of enzymes is observed, leading to the excitation or inhibition of growth processes at the first stages of development. As a result, a stimulating effect arises – the germination of seeds increases, the growth of seedlings in height increases, or depressing – the germination decreases and the growth of seedlings slows down.

The issues of external influence on biological objects have interested mankind since ancient times. It can significantly affect vital activity of yeast cells. Their use for bioindication and quantitative determination of the rate of gas emission depending on composition of culture liquid makes it possible to use this process for bioindication of environment. In the article, on the basis of a developed machine for measuring the rate of carbon dioxide emission by yeast fungi, which makes it possible to use it in laboratory and field conditions, the values of the effect of mercury on the process of fermentation of culture medium by yeast are given. A method for express bioindication by yeast fungi of environmental pollution with mercury has been worked out. It serves as the basis for development of guidelines for identifying and controlling sources of chemical hazards during emergency response. The experiments have shown that the maximum effect on bioactivity of yeast is exerted by the HgCl2 salt with different concentrations, which leads to a decrease in the rate of CO2 emission and deterioration of yeast vital functions.

The purpose of this research is to design an electronic magazine design so that students are interested in participating in the learning process. Many students find it difficult to understand biology concepts because they cannot see it directly. We can use Augmented Reality technology in e-magazine design as one of these innovations. Therefore, this descriptive research was conducted to design an electronic magazine based on Augmented Reality. The development process was carried out in two stages, namely analysis and design. The analysis phase was carried out by observation using a questionnaire and the design phase was carried out by utilizing various computer software. The result of this research was an e-magazine design that is integrated with Augmented Reality, so that students can see abstract biological objects by 3D Augmented Reality directly with the technology. These results are expected to be developed and conduct further testing