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A sufficient condition is given concerning the harmonic structure on a post critically finite self-similar structure K that ensures that harmonic functions are not zero divisors in the algebra of real-valued continuous functions on K.

Medium-chain length methyl ketones are potential blending fuels due to their cetane numbers and low melting temperatures. Biomanufacturing offers the potential to produce these molecules from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, we designed and tested metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli to specifically produce 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone. We achieved substantial production of each ketone by introducing chain-length specific acyl-ACP thioesterases, blocking the β-oxidation cycle at an advantageous reaction, and introducing active β-ketoacyl-CoA thioesterases. Using a bioprospecting approach, we identified fifteen homologs of E. coli β-ketoacyl-CoA thioesterase (FadM) and evaluated the in vivo activity of each against various chain length substrates. The FadM variant from Providencia sneebia produced the most 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone, suggesting it has the highest activity on the corresponding β-ketoacyl-CoA substrates. We tested enzyme variants, including acyl-CoA oxidases, thiolases, and bi-functional 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases to maximize conversion of fatty acids to β-keto acyl-CoAs for 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone production. In order to address the issue of product loss during fermentation, we applied a 20% (v/v) dodecane layer in the bioreactor and built an external water cooling condenser connecting to the bioreactor heat-transferring condenser coupling to the condenser. Using these modifications, we were able to generate up to 4.4 g/L total medium-chain length methyl ketones.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Der ärztliche Bereitschaftsdienst (ÄBD) ist seit 2012 unter der bundeseinheitlichen Rufnummer 116117 erreichbar. Die Rufnummer ist dennoch in Deutschland noch nicht weitreichend bekannt. Eine Literaturrecherche zum Themengebiet der ambulanten Notfallversorgung hat gezeigt, dass Informationen lückenhaft und teilweise unübersichtlich sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es den Status Quo der Strukturen der 116117 auf Länderebene zu erfassen. Methode Im Februar 2019 wurden alle 17 KV-Bezirke schriftlich zur Beantwortung einer Online-Befragung eingeladen. Der Online-Fragebogen basiert auf einer ausgedehnten Literaturrecherche zum Themengebiet ambulante Notfallversorgung und ÄBD auf Länderebene innerhalb Deutschlands. Der Fragebogen umfasst mehrere Bereiche, hier wird auf die Rufnummer 116117 eingegangen. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet. Ergebnis Die Organisation und das Leistungsspektrum sowie die Qualifikationen der Mitarbeiter der 116117 sind in den Bundesländern unterschiedlich strukturiert. Leistungen der 116117 umfassen die Vermittlung von Hausbesuchen, sowie an eine Bereitschaftsdienstpraxis, Beratung und die Weiterleitung an die 112. Das eingesetzte Personal reicht von MFAs über Pflegepersonal und Rettungsdienstpersonal bis hinzu Ärzten. Schlussfolgerung Einheitliche Regelungen des Leistungsangebots und der eingesetzten Mitarbeiter können die Transparenz der 116117 auf Seiten der Patienten verbessern. Die geplante Erweiterung der 116117 um eine standardisierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung und die 24/7 Erreichbarkeit kann den Patienten die Zugangswege zu einer adäquaten medizinischen Versorgung erleichtern.

Additional file 5: Suppl.5. Aspects of adaptions in COVID-19-specialized and regular primary care practices in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Additional file 4: Suppl.4. Organizationalaspects in the setup of outpatient infection centers.

Additional file 2 Exploratory factor analysis: Scree plot for German MTBQ.

Additional file 3: Suppl.3. Interview guidelineprimary care practices.

With the rise of social media, forms of communication emerge that are increasingly defined by the use of images. From the perspective of biographical research and visual sociology, the article addresses the question in how far biographical work becomes visible while visual biographies are formed in digitalized visual communication. It proposes a way how these processes can be studied with interpretive biographical and visual methodologies. Based on empirical material from Austria, we show how biographical performances in social media differ, in form and content, from conventional verbal-narratives, and how they simultaneously relate to each other. We present a case study that shows in depth how images on Facebook and Instagram become biographically relevant and what kind of biographical work takes place there. The methodological procedure consists of an innovative triangulation that combines visual analyses, biographical-narrative interviews and media interviews. The aim of this article is to give insights into the biographical significance and biographical work of visual biographies in social media, and to propose by triangulation of different data analysis a way of exploring the intertwining of narrative and visual biographies.

Additional file 2: Suppl.2. Interview guidelineCorona contact points.

Additional file 1: Suppl.1. COREQ-Checklist.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the association between patient activation and patients’ experience of care among an elderly multimorbid population in Germany.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary care practices in two German settings.Participants346 patients with 3 or more chronic conditions aged 65 years and over from 36 primary care practices.Outcome measuresPatient activation was measured with the patient activation measure (PAM). To assess patient experiences with primary care, a set of questions concerning domains of primary care were included. Multilevel regression analyses were performed to examine which domains of care were associated with patient activation.ResultsOut of 1243 invited patients, a total of 346 took part in the study (participation rate 27.8 %). Mean PAM score was 76.1. Across all patients, 3.8% achieved PAM level 1, 7.5% level 2, 27.2% level 3% and 60.7% level 4. PAM scores suggest a highly activated patient group. In the regression analysis, three out ten domains of patients’ experiences showed an association with patient activation. The domains ‘being involved in decision as much as desired’ (B=−8.56, p=0.012) and ‘receiving a self-management plan’ (B=6.51, p=0.051) were associated with higher patient activation scores. Patients with an up-to-date medication plan had lower patient activation scores (B=−12.01, p=0.041).ConclusionSpecific domains of primary care were found to be associated with patient activation. To enhance patient activation, primary care physicians may increase involvement of patients in decisions. Future research should examine the causality of these associations.Trial registration numberDRKS00015718.

Additional file 1. Results of cognitive interviews.

Reducing phosphorus (P) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems, is necessary to improve water quality and reduce the occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms. Managing P reduction requires information on the role rivers play in P transport from land to downstream water bodies, but we have a poor understanding of when and where river systems are P sources or sinks. During the summers of 2019 and 2021, we sampled streambed sediment at 78 sites throughout the Maumee River network (a major source of P loads to Lake Erie) focusing on the zero equilibrium P concentration (EPC