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152. Additional file 1 of Changing patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection through Delta and Omicron waves by vaccination status, previous infection and neighbourhood deprivation: a cohort analysis of 2.7 M people

Author

Green, Mark A., Hungerford, Daniel J., Hughes, David M., Garcia-Fiñana, Marta, Turtle, Lance, Cheyne, Christopher, Ashton, Matthew, Leeming, Gary, Semple, Malcolm G., Singleton, Alex, and Buchan, Iain

Abstract

Additional file 1: Additional results and sensitivity analyses that supplement the core paper and are referred to in text.

Published
2022
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153. Supplemental Material - The DynAIRx Project Protocol: Artificial Intelligence for dynamic prescribing optimisation and care integration in multimorbidity

Author

Walker, Lauren E, Abuzour, Aseel S, Bollegala, Danushka, Clegg, Andrew, Gabbay, Mark, Griffiths, Alan, Kullu, Cecil, Leeming, Gary, Mair, Frances S, Maskell, Simon, Relton, Samuel, Ruddle, Roy A, Shantsila, Eduard, Sperrin, Matthew, Van Staa, Tjeerd, Woodall, Alan, and Buchan, Iain

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Supplemental Material for The DynAIRx Project Protocol: Artificial Intelligence for dynamic prescribing optimisation and care integration in multimorbidity by Lauren E Walker, Aseel S Abuzour, Danushka Bollegala, Andrew Clegg, Mark Gabbay, Alan Griffiths, Cecil Kullu, Gary Leeming, Frances S Mair, Simon Maskell, Samuel Relton, Roy A Ruddle, Eduard Shantsila, Matthew Sperrin, Tjeerd Van Staa, Alan Woodall and Iain Buchan in Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity

Published
2022
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157. Early Life Risk Factors For Obesity In Childhood

Author

Greenhalgh, Trisha, Buchan, Iain E., Heller, Richard F., Clayton, Peter, Bundred, Peter E., Cole, Tim J., Reilly, John J., Armstrong, Julie, Emmett, Pauline, Ness, Andy, and Sherriff', Andrea

Published
2005

161. Rapid antigen testing in COVID-19 management for school-aged children: an observational study in Cheshire and Merseyside, UK.

Author

Hughes, David M, Bird, Sheila M, Cheyne, Christopher P, Ashton, Matthew, Campbell, Melisa C, García-Fiñana, Marta, and Buchan, Iain

Subjects
ANTIGEN analysis, STUDENT health, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, COVID-19, SCIENTIFIC observation, CONFIDENCE intervals, PEARSON correlation (Statistics), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, COVID-19 testing, HEALTH equity, ODDS ratio, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background Twice weekly lateral flow tests (LFTs) for secondary school children was UK Government policy from 8 March 2021. We evaluate use of LFTs (both supervised at test centres, and home test kits) in school-aged children in Cheshire and Merseyside. Methods We report (i) number of LFT positives (ii) proportion of LFT positive with confirmatory reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test within 2 days, and (iii) agreement between LFT-positive and confirmatory PCR, and dependence of (i–iii) on COVID-19 prevalence. Findings 1 248 468 LFTs were taken by 211 255 12–18 years old, and 163 914 by 52 116 5–11 years old between 6 November 2020 and 31 July 2021. Five thousand three hundred and fourteen (2.5%) 12–18 years old and 1996 (3.8%) 5–11 years old returned LFT positives, with 3829 (72.1%) and 1535 (76.9%) confirmatory PCRs, and 3357 (87.7%) and 1383 (90.1%) confirmatory PCR-positives, respectively. Monthly proportions of LFT positive with PCR negative varied between 4.7% and 35.3% in 12–18 years old (corresponding proportion of all tests positive: 9.7% and 0.3%). Deprivation and non-White ethnicity were associated with reduced uptake of confirmatory PCR. Interpretation Substantial inequalities in confirmatory testing need more attention to avoid further disadvantage through education loss. When prevalence is low additional measures, including confirmatory testing, are needed. Local Directors of Public Health taking more control over schools testing may be needed. Funding DHSC, MRC, NIHR, EPSRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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165. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Heart Failure Events With SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Their Combination in Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Wright, Alison K., primary, Carr, Matthew J., additional, Kontopantelis, Evangelos, additional, Leelarathna, Lalantha, additional, Thabit, Hood, additional, Emsley, Richard, additional, Buchan, Iain, additional, Mamas, Mamas A., additional, van Staa, Tjeerd P., additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Ashcroft, Darren M., additional, and Rutter, Martin K., additional

Published
2022
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169. The DynAIRx Project Protocol: Artificial Intelligence for dynamic prescribing optimisation and care integration in multimorbidity

Author

Walker, Lauren E, primary, Abuzour, Aseel S, additional, Bollegala, Danushka, additional, Clegg, Andrew, additional, Gabbay, Mark, additional, Griffiths, Alan, additional, Kullu, Cecil, additional, Leeming, Gary, additional, Mair, Frances S, additional, Maskell, Simon, additional, Relton, Samuel, additional, Ruddle, Roy A, additional, Shantsila, Eduard, additional, Sperrin, Matthew, additional, Van Staa, Tjeerd, additional, Woodall, Alan, additional, and Buchan, Iain, additional

Published
2022
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180. Impact of age on the prognostic value of left ventricular function in relation to procedural outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the British cardiovascular intervention society

Author

Kwok, Chun Shing, Anderson, Simon G., McAllister, Katherine S.L., Sperrin, Matthew, OʼKane, Peter D., Keavney, Bernard, Nolan, James, Myint, Phyo Kyaw, Zaman, Azfar, Buchan, Iain, Ludman, Peter F., de Belder, Mark A., and Mamas, Mamas A.

Published
2015
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181. Clinical Relevance of Drug–Drug Interactions With Antibiotics as Listed in a National Medication Formulary: Results From Two Large Population‐Based Case‐Control Studies in Patients Aged 65–100 Years Using Linked English Primary Care and Hospital Data

Author

van Staa, Tjeerd Pieter, Pirmohamed, Munir, Sharma, Anita, Buchan, Iain, and Ashcroft, Darren M.

Subjects
DRUG side effects, DRUG interactions, PRIMARY care, HOSPITAL care, CASE-control method, DRUGS
Abstract

This study evaluated drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between antibiotic and nonantibiotic drugs listed with warnings of severe outcomes in the British National Formulary based on adverse drug reaction (ADR) detectable with routine International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding. Data sources were Clinical Practice Research Databank GOLD and Aurum anonymized electronic health records from English general practices linked to hospital admission records. In propensity‐matched case‐control study, outcomes were ADR or emergency admissions. Analyzed were 121,546 ADR‐related admission cases matched to 638,238 controls. For most antibiotics, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for ADR‐related hospital admission were large (aOR for trimethoprim 4.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.97–4.30). Of the 51 DDIs evaluated for ADR‐related admissions, 38 DDIs (74.5%) had statistically increased aORs of concomitant exposure compared with nonexposure (mean aOR 3.96; range 1.59–11.42); for the 89 DDIs for emergency hospital admission, the results were 75 (84.3%) and mean aOR 2.40; range 1.43–4.17. Changing reference group to single antibiotic exposure reduced aORs for concomitant exposure by 76.5% and 83.0%, respectively. Medicines listed to cause nephrotoxicity substantially increased risks that were related to number of medicines (aOR was 2.55 (95% CI, 2.46–2.64) for current use of 1 and 10.44 (95% CI, 7.36–14.81) for 3 or more medicines). In conclusion, no evidence of substantial risk was found for multiple DDIs with antibiotics despite warnings of severe outcomes in a national formulary and flagging in electronic health record software. It is proposed that the evidence base for inclusion of DDIs in national formularies be strengthened and made publicly accessible and indiscriminate flagging, which compounds alert fatigue, be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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182. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 faecal shedding in the community: a prospective household cohort study (COVID-LIV) in the UK

Author

Vaselli, Natasha Marcella, Setiabudi, Wega, Subramaniam, Krishanthi, Adams, Emily, Turtle, Lance, Iturriza-Gómara, Miren, Solomon, Tom, Cunliffe, Nigel A., French, Neil, Hungerford, Daniel, Vivancos, Roberto, Gabbay, Mark, Buchan, Iain, Carrol, Enitan D., Gamble, Carrol, Crossley, Lynnette, Joseph, Neil, Wilton, Moon, Troughton, Lee D., Kilada, Samantha, Abba, Katharine, Simpson, Victoria, Tulloch, John S. P., Goodwin, Lynsey, Daws, Rachael, Forootan, Shiva Seyed, Dobson, Susan, Press, Rachel, Spaine, Vida, Hands, Lesley, Bradfield, Kate, McNally, Carol, Moitt, Tracy, Balabanova, Silviya, Donohue, Chloe, Finnetty, Lynsey, Marsh, Laura, Greenhalf, William, Naisbitt, Dean J., Shaw, Victoria E., Aston, Stephen, Platt, Gareth, Dunn, Christopher, Thomson, Paul J., Ogese, Monday, Hammond, Sean, Adair, Kareena, Farrell, Liam, Gardner, Joshua, Jaruthamsophon, Kanoot, Ali, Serat-E, Lister, Adam, Booth, Laura, Ashworth, Milton, Bullock, Katie, Catterall, Benjamin W. A., Foster, Terry, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Middleton, Joanna, Reynolds, William, Cass, Emily, Carracedo, Alejandra Doce, Davies, Lianne, Flaherty, Lisa, Oates, Melanie, Maziere, Nicole, Lloyd, Jennifer, Jones, Christopher, Massey, Hannah, Holmes, Anthony, Carlucci, Nicola, Brammah, Vanessa, Ramos, Yasmyn, Allen, Daniel, Armstrong, Jane, Howarth, Debbie, Wilcock, Eve, Lowe, Jenna, Jones, Jayne, Wright, Paula, Slack, Iain, McLaughlin, Simone, Mason, Jessica, Edwards, Thomas, McKeown, Claudia, Hendrick, Elysse, Williams, Chris, Byrne, Rachel, Buist, Kate, Garrod, Gala, Owen, Sophie, Jones, Ashley P., and Gkioni, Efstathia

Subjects
body regions, wa_4, wc_20, viruses, fungi, wc_505, qw_160, skin and connective tissue diseases, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Background\ud SARS-CoV-2 is frequently shed in the stool of patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The extent of faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 among individuals in the community, and its potential to contribute to spread of disease, is unknown.\ud \ud Methods\ud In this prospective, observational cohort study among households in Liverpool, UK, participants underwent weekly nasal/throat swabbing to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus, over a 12-week period from enrolment starting July 2020. Participants that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were asked to provide a stool sample three and 14 days later. In addition, in October and November 2020, during a period of high community transmission, stool sampling was undertaken to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 faecal shedding among all study participants. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using Real-Time PCR.\ud \ud Results\ud A total of 434 participants from 176 households were enrolled. Eighteen participants (4.2%: 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5–6.5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus on nasal/throat swabs and of these, 3/17 (18%: 95% CI 4–43%) had SARS-CoV-2 detected in stool. Two of three participants demonstrated ongoing faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2, without gastrointestinal symptoms, after testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. Among 165/434 participants without SARS-CoV-2 infection and who took part in the prevalence study, none had SARS-CoV-2 in stool. There was no demonstrable household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among households containing a participant with faecal shedding.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 occurred among community participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, during a period of high community transmission, faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected among participants without SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is unlikely that the faecal-oral route plays a significant role in household and community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2021

185. Prospective validation of the 4C prognostic models for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol

Author

Knight, Stephen R, primary, Gupta, Rishi K, additional, Ho, Antonia, additional, Pius, Riinu, additional, Buchan, Iain, additional, Carson, Gail, additional, Drake, Thomas M, additional, Dunning, Jake, additional, Fairfield, Cameron J, additional, Gamble, Carrol, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Halpin, Sophie, additional, Hardwick, Hayley E, additional, Holden, Karl A, additional, Horby, Peter W, additional, Jackson, Clare, additional, Mclean, Kenneth A, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, additional, Norman, Lisa, additional, Olliaro, Piero L, additional, Pritchard, Mark G, additional, Russell, Clark D, additional, Shaw, Catherine A, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Sudlow, Cathie, additional, Swann, Olivia V, additional, Turtle, Lance C W, additional, Openshaw, Peter J M, additional, Baillie, J Kenneth, additional, Docherty, Annemarie, additional, Semple, Malcolm G, additional, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, additional, and Harrison, Ewen M, additional

Published
2021
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187. Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines for reducing susceptibility to infection with the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Pattni, Karan, primary, Hungerford, Daniel, additional, Adams, Sarah, additional, Buchan, Iain, additional, Cheyne, Christopher P, additional, García-Fiñana, Marta, additional, Hall, Ian, additional, Hughes, David M, additional, Overton, Christopher, additional, Zhang, Xingna, additional, and Sharkey, Kieran J., additional

Published
2021
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189. An intervention to support adherence to inhaled medication in adults with cystic fibrosis: the ACtiF research programme including RCT

Author

Wildman, Martin J, primary, O’Cathain, Alicia, additional, Hind, Daniel, additional, Maguire, Chin, additional, Arden, Madelynne A, additional, Hutchings, Marlene, additional, Bradley, Judy, additional, Walters, Stephen J, additional, Whelan, Pauline, additional, Ainsworth, John, additional, Tappenden, Paul, additional, Buchan, Iain, additional, Elliott, Rachel, additional, Nicholl, Jon, additional, Elborn, Stuart, additional, Michie, Susan, additional, Mandefield, Laura, additional, Sutton, Laura, additional, Hoo, Zhe Hui, additional, Drabble, Sarah J, additional, Lumley, Elizabeth, additional, Beever, Daniel, additional, Navega Biz, Aline, additional, Scott, Anne, additional, Waterhouse, Simon, additional, Robinson, Louisa, additional, Hernández Alava, Mónica, additional, and Sasso, Alessandro, additional

Published
2021
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190. Self-management intervention to reduce pulmonary exacerbations by supporting treatment adherence in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Wildman, Martin J, primary, O’Cathain, Alicia, additional, Maguire, Chin, additional, Arden, Madelynne A, additional, Hutchings, Marlene, additional, Bradley, Judy, additional, Walters, Stephen J, additional, Whelan, Pauline, additional, Ainsworth, John, additional, Buchan, Iain, additional, Mandefield, Laura, additional, Sutton, Laura, additional, Tappenden, Paul, additional, Elliott, Rachel A, additional, Hoo, Zhe Hui, additional, Drabble, Sarah J, additional, and Beever, Daniel, additional

Published
2021
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191. Estrogen and COVID-19 symptoms: Associations in women from the COVID Symptom Study

Author

Costeira, Ricardo, primary, Lee, Karla A., additional, Murray, Benjamin, additional, Christiansen, Colette, additional, Castillo-Fernandez, Juan, additional, Ni Lochlainn, Mary, additional, Capdevila Pujol, Joan, additional, Macfarlane, Heather, additional, Kenny, Louise C., additional, Buchan, Iain, additional, Wolf, Jonathan, additional, Rymer, Janice, additional, Ourselin, Sebastien, additional, Steves, Claire J., additional, Spector, Timothy D., additional, Newson, Louise R., additional, and Bell, Jordana T., additional

Published
2021
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193. OP05 Evaluating social and spatial inequalities of large scale rapid lateral flow SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing in COVID-19 management: an observational study of Liverpool, UK (November 2020 to January 2021)

Author

Green, Mark, primary, Garcia-Finana, Marta, additional, Barr, Ben, additional, Burnside, Girvan, additional, Cheyne, Chris, additional, Hughes, David, additional, Ashton, Matthew, additional, Sheard, Sally, additional, and Buchan, Iain, additional

Published
2021
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195. The Future of Healthcare Systems

Author

Bundred, Peter, Buchan, Iain, Shapiro, Jonathan, Milner, Philip, Walshe, K., Wynyard, Graham, Lipp, A., and Milne, R.

Published
1997

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