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Researchers at Mayo Clinic conducted a study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spot (DBS) testing for Aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) in Neuromyelitis Optica. The study included 150 participants from the United States, Uganda, and the Republic of Guinea, showing a strong correlation between DBS and serum samples. DBS testing demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting AQP4-IgG, making it a viable alternative for diagnosing NMOSD in resource-limited settings. The research concluded that DBS has low shipping costs, is easy to administer, and suitable for point-of-care testing. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Great Neck, New York, evaluated the efficacy of a portable non-mydriatic fundus camera in detecting optic disc edema during consultations for ruling out papilledema. The study included 124 non-mydriatic fundus photographs obtained over an 11-month period and compared the results to dilated fundus examination (DFE). The research found that clinicians were able to correctly identify optic disc edema using non-mydriatic fundus photography, suggesting its potential as an effective tool for inpatient or telemedicine assessments. The study was published in the European Journal of Ophthalmology and funded by the Manhattan Eye Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the University of Calgary discusses the findings on optic neuritis, an inflammatory condition that affects the optic nerve and may be associated with various central nervous system demyelinating conditions, infectious diseases, and systemic autoimmune syndromes. The research emphasizes the importance of early detection and prompt treatment, as well as the need to accurately identify specific subtypes of optic neuritis for appropriate treatment strategies. The study highlights geographic and ethnic variations in optic neuritis subtypes, which may be related to the incidence and prevalence of co-associated disorders. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Loyola University conducted a study on Acoustic Neuroma resection over thirty years, focusing on the learning curve and outcomes of 860 surgeries. The study found that the steepest growth in learning occurred in the first 400 surgeries, with continued improvements in patient outcomes over the years. The research emphasizes the importance of lifelong learning in achieving optimal results in Acoustic Neuroma resection. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of Toronto focused on the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO), a condition affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) in the nervous system. The research found that modern MRI techniques interpreted by a specialist neuroradiologist were more effective in identifying lesions in the MLF compared to previous low-resolution imaging methods. The study included 45 patients with demyelinating disease, stroke, or intracranial mass, and concluded that review of imaging by a neuroradiologist increased the likelihood of lesion detection. The findings were published in the Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology and can provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers in the field of neurology. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital conducted a retrospective study on the efficacy of topiramate in treating pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) in children. The study included 46 patients under 21 years old, with results showing that topiramate can effectively treat PTCS in children with mild to moderate papilledema or those unable to tolerate acetazolamide. The most common side effect reported was cognitive slowing, and further research is needed to assess the efficacy of topiramate for higher grade papilledema. Financial support for the research came from the Children's Hospital Ophthalmology Foundation. [Extracted from the article]

Research from Yaroslavl State Medical University discusses cognitive impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), which are immune-mediated inflammatory lesions affecting the central nervous system. The study found that cognitive impairment is prevalent in patients with NMOSD, with common symptoms including decreased attention, working memory function, and impaired verbal memory. The research highlights the complexity of the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in NMOSD, involving both direct damage to cognitive structures and immunological aspects that require further investigation. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Sheba Medical Center in Ramat-Gan, Israel, discusses the effect of general anesthesia on optic nerve sheath diameter in the pediatric population. The study found that general anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation can lead to changes in optic sheath diameter observed on clinical brain MRI scans. The research concluded that caution should be exercised when interpreting optic nerve sheath distention, especially in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Hebei General Hospital in China explored factors contributing to pain recurrence after percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. The research identified a history of hypertension, MRI indicating trigeminal nerve compression, and a non-ideal pear-shaped balloon as significant risk factors for pain recurrence. The study recommended using 3D-slicer for preoperative guidewire path simulation to prevent unfavorable balloon shapes and subsequent pain recurrence. This peer-reviewed research provides valuable insights for clinicians in assessing and managing postoperative pain recurrence in patients undergoing PBC for trigeminal neuralgia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Karnataka, India, focused on the use of radiosurgery for chronic facial pain, particularly trigeminal neuralgia. The study found that radiosurgery is a safe and effective treatment option for facial pain, providing pain control for up to 5 years in 50% of patients without medication. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy and advanced applications of radiosurgery for chronic facial pain. The study also highlighted the importance of maintaining transparency in research by only considering systematic reviews in their analysis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Minnesota explored the impact of lesion temperature on the durability of percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomies in treating trigeminal neuralgia. The research, supported by the NIH, analyzed data from 280 patients who underwent 464 procedures between 2009 and 2020. Lower lesion temperatures were found to be predictive of longer periods without pain recurrence, suggesting that this factor, along with postoperative numbness, could lead to improved long-term outcomes for patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The study recommends further prospective clinical trials to provide definitive guidance on lesion temperatures in this context. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Cleveland Clinic focused on the relationship between inter-ocular fixation instability and various factors such as visual acuity, strabismus, nystagmus, stereopsis, vergence, and age in individuals with amblyopia. The research found that imprecise fixation could serve as a reliable marker for the severity of amblyopia and strabismus. The study was funded by various organizations and concluded that fixation instability is a significant functional deficit associated with amblyopia. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences have published a case report on pituitary apoplexy (PA) causing acute complete bilateral third nerve palsy in a 40-year-old female. The patient presented with symptoms such as retroorbital headache, fever, and double vision, which rapidly progressed to oculomotor nerve palsy. MRI revealed hemorrhagic PA, and treatment included high-dose steroids and surgical intervention. The study highlights the importance of differentiating PA from other intracranial pathologies and the role of MRI in accurate diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Federal University Amazonas in Manaus, Brazil, focused on the efficacy of different treatment options for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). The study found that there is a wide variety of endpoints used in these studies, with approximately 40 different efficacy endpoints identified. The research highlighted the need for standardization across studies to improve data analysis and application in clinical practice. This study provides valuable insights into the diverse approaches taken in evaluating treatment options for NMOSD. [Extracted from the article]

A study from Johns Hopkins University examined pain outcomes following microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia, focusing on racial disparities. The research found that Black patients with trigeminal neuralgia had worse postoperative pain outcomes compared to White patients. The study concluded that further research is needed to understand the factors contributing to these racial differences. This peer-reviewed research was published in the Journal of Neurosurgery. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University conducted a study on optic nerve injury in mice by elevating intraocular pressure for 4 hours under anesthesia. The study found that optic nerve injury was significantly related to elevated intraocular pressure of 50 mmHg or higher. The research emphasized the importance of monitoring animal physiology during prolonged anesthesia and provided detailed methods for inducing elevated intraocular pressure in mice. This peer-reviewed study sheds light on the impact of intraocular pressure on optic nerve injury. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Rutgers University School of Dental Medicine in Newark, New Jersey, focused on autonomic features in craniofacial neuralgias, specifically trigeminal neuralgia. The research found that 40% of patients with craniofacial neuralgias exhibited at least one autonomic feature, with lacrimation being the most common. The study highlighted differences in autonomic features based on the affected nerve branch and concluded that certain autonomic features were more prevalent in specific craniofacial neuralgias. The findings were published in the Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache and can provide valuable insights into the treatment outcomes of patients with these conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Northern Iowa focused on Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), a neurological condition that primarily affects physical and visual functioning. The study involved a 32-year-old female diagnosed with NMOSD who underwent various formalized tests to assess speech, language, and cognitive deficits associated with the disorder. The participant was found to have anomic aphasia, with good auditory and reading comprehension, writing difficulties, apraxia of speech, and mild cognitive task difficulties requiring writing. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable information for speech-language pathologists working with individuals with NMOSD. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research conducted a study on the impact of cataract surgery on the vision-related quality of life in patients with strabismus. The study included 44 strabismus patients who underwent cataract surgery on their worse eye. Results showed significant improvements in visual acuity and quality of life postoperatively, with the most substantial benefits observed in patients with a 15° deviation. The research concluded that cataract surgery significantly improved the vision-related quality of life in strabismus patients, particularly in those with a 15° deviation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Tianjin Medical University focused on analyzing clinical characteristics and progression factors in patients undergoing multiple surgeries for exotropia. The study included 910 patients, with 840 requiring two surgeries and 70 undergoing more than two surgeries. The research highlighted the significant impact of interval time on reoperation rates, as well as other factors such as ophthalmoplegia and secondary factors influencing outcomes in patients with strabismus. The study concluded that interval time in patients with concomitant strabismus and secondary factors in non-concomitant strabismus are key factors for multiple reoperations. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Lund University in Sweden conducted a study on the use of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to monitor perfusion during strabismus surgery on horizontal rectus muscles. The study aimed to address the complication of anterior segment ischaemia (ASI) in strabismus surgery, caused by damage to anterior ciliary arteries. Results showed that perfusion in adjacent paralimbal and iris tissue decreased during muscle detachment, highlighting the potential of LSCI for real-time perfusion measurements. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of surgery on ocular muscle perfusion. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Sichuan University conducted a study on pseudotumor cerebri, focusing on the impact of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) on retinal microvasculature in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), they found that increased ICP correlated with changes in retinal venule complexity, which in turn affected visual acuity. The study concluded that retinal venules imaged via OCTA may reflect ICP levels and play a role in the direct effects of increased ICP in IIH patients. [Extracted from the article]

The clinical trial NCT06650735 compares the efficacy of bilateral lateral rectus recession and bilateral primary medial rectus resection in basic type intermittent exotropia. Participants will be randomized into two groups and followed up for 6 months to compare motor alignment and sensory functions. The study aims to assess the postoperative angle between the two surgical techniques and includes 40 participants with basic type intermittent exotropia aged 5 to 30 years in Egypt. The trial is not currently recruiting subjects and is led by Dr. Yehia Salah Eldeen Mostafa from Cairo University. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Children's Mercy Hospitals conducted a study to determine if medical students perceive strabismus differently based on race. The study found that photographs of individuals of African descent were more frequently perceived as having strabismus compared to those of European descent. The research suggests that extraocular alignment, which can affect perceptions of prejudice, should be considered when interpreting implicit association test results. This peer-reviewed study provides valuable insights into how race may influence perceptions of eye conditions among medical students. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Wills Eye Hospital & Research Institute conducted a study to explore gender bias in perceptions of strabismus among adults. The study involved digitally manipulated photographs of individuals with different types and sizes of deviations, which were ranked by respondents for severity and need for intervention. The findings revealed that male photographs were perceived as needing correction more urgently than female photographs, and exotropia was perceived as more severe than esotropia for smaller deviations. The researchers concluded that further studies are necessary to understand the impact of unconscious bias on patient care. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Singapore National Eye Centre conducted a systematic review on the risk factors for Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia (AACE) in children and young adults. The study found that AACE is a rare subtype of esotropia with unclear diagnostic and management guidelines. The research identified benign and non-benign risk factors for AACE, including intracranial pathologies, multiple sclerosis, and head trauma. Further research with larger sample sizes and control groups is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and management guidelines for AACE. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Children's Hospital Philadelphia has provided new insights into Neurofibromatosis Type 2, a genetic disorder characterized by nervous system tumors. The research highlights advancements in precision-based therapies for tumors associated with Neurofibromatosis, emphasizing functional outcomes alongside tumor response. Continued scientific discovery and targeted therapies are crucial for improving outcomes for patients with Neurofibromatosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China introduced a novel 3D multimodal fusion imaging technique for microvascular decompression surgery in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. The research focused on enhancing surgical guidance by utilizing computed tomography angiography and venography, diffusion tensor tractography, and 3D multimodal fusion imaging. The study found that this advanced imaging approach significantly improved accuracy in identifying responsible vessels and neurovascular compression, leading to better surgical outcomes with fewer complications and lower recurrence rates. This innovative technique has the potential to enhance the safety and effectiveness of microvascular decompression surgery and aid in training neurosurgeons. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published by researchers at Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China, focused on a case of right vocal cord paralysis in an older patient caused by herpes simplex virus infection. The patient initially presented with fever, blisters, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing, which were alleviated through a comprehensive intervention involving glucocorticoid therapy, neurotrophic therapy, rehabilitation training, and nutrition support. The study highlights the importance of a geriatric interdisciplinary team in managing complex diseases in older patients and aims to broaden clinicians' knowledge of viral-induced vocal cord paralysis in the elderly. [Extracted from the article]

Seoul National University researchers conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from cellular phones and brain tumor development. The study included 19 case-control studies and five cohort studies, showing increased odds ratios for certain types of brain tumors in users with prolonged exposure to RF-EMR. The researchers emphasized the importance of considering changing patterns in mobile phone use and the use of wireless technology in future studies. For more information, readers can refer to the full article published in Environmental Health. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy conducted a study on personalized medicine focusing on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis through optic neuritis and Uhthoff's phenomenon. The study involved 127 MS patients and found that optic neuritis can be an initial indicator of the disease, emphasizing the importance of early ophthalmological assessments for diagnosis. The research highlights the need for precise diagnostic tools and personalized therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Medical University of Warsaw have published new data on trigeminal neuralgia, a common form of craniofacial pain. The study highlights the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A therapy in alleviating pain for patients with trigeminal neuralgia, offering a potential alternative treatment option. The research provides an overview of trigeminal neuralgia, including its characteristics, etiology, epidemiology, classification, and management, with a focus on the use of botulinum neurotoxin A. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, compared the quality of life (QOL) of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) to those with aquaporin4 IgG (AQP4-IgG) positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The research found that the overall QOL of patients with MOGAD was comparable to those with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD, with similar experiences of sleep disorders, fatigue, and depression. The study highlighted the need for further consideration of sleep quality and psychological QOL to improve the overall QOL of patients with MOGAD. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study on the efficacy of transposition of plicated medial rectus muscles in treating A- or V-pattern exotropia, comparing it with bimedial resection and vertical transposition. The study found that vertical transposition with plication of the medial recti is a safe and effective technique for correcting cases of A- or V-pattern exotropia not associated with oblique overaction. The surgical results were comparable to resection and vertical transposition, with a high success rate in pattern collapse. The study was conducted in Egypt and has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Amsterdam University Medical Center focused on the treatment of isolated pediatric optic nerve glioma, a rare disease in children. The study examined the impact of different treatment strategies, including systemic anticancer therapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, on visual and radiological outcomes. The findings suggest that systemic anticancer therapy may be the preferred treatment for progressive optic nerve glioma to potentially rescue visual functions, while caution is advised when considering radiotherapy due to the risk of severe visual impairment and secondary disease. The research was peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights for clinicians managing this condition. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review conducted by researchers at Western University in Canada focused on the development of strabismus in pediatric patients undergoing hemispheric surgery for intractable epilepsy. The study included 10 articles with 384 participants, showing preoperative strabismus rates between 3% and 56%, and postoperative rates between 38% and 100%. The research highlighted the need for higher-quality studies to establish the risks and rates of strabismus development after hemispheric surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Mayo Clinic conducted a study on the trends in plasma exchange (PLEX) use in optic neuritis hospitalizations in the United States. The study found that PLEX therapy for optic neuritis has increased over the past two decades, with the highest use in the western United States and for patients diagnosed with NMOSD ON. The research analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample database and identified factors associated with PLEX use, such as sociodemographic variables, medical comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. The study concluded that PLEX use was linked to longer hospital stays and higher total charges incurred. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Government Medical College and Hospital in Chandigarh, India, focused on the use of noninvasive pulsed radiofrequency therapy for trigeminal neuralgia, a condition characterized by severe facial pain. The research highlighted the effectiveness of this therapy in managing trigeminal neuralgia without causing tissue damage or unpleasant side effects. The study presented five cases where patients experienced successful pain management with noninvasive PRF therapy, contributing valuable insights to the existing literature on this treatment approach. For more information, readers can access the full article in the Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Iran University of Medical Sciences highlights the misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). The study found that patients with CPEO are often misdiagnosed with other causes of ptosis, such as congenital ptosis and ocular myasthenia gravis. This misdiagnosis often leads to unnecessary surgical procedures before the correct diagnosis is made. The researchers suggest that reviewing early family photos and paying attention to other signs of CPEO could help prevent misdiagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand explored the changes in corneal curvature following strabismus surgery. The study examined 54 cases of patients aged 6-60 years old who underwent horizontal rectus muscle surgery. The results showed that lateral rectus muscle recession induced corneal vertical prolation for up to 3 months post-operation. Surgeons are advised to re-evaluate refraction and defer contact lens refitting, refractive surgery, and intraocular lens calculations for at least 3 months after the procedure. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Mahidol University in Thailand conducted a 20-year retrospective cohort study to evaluate the visual prognosis in craniosynostosis patients and identify ophthalmologic manifestations and outcomes of strabismus surgery in these patients. The study included 123 patients, with 85.98% showing no visual impairment at the last visit. Strabismus was present in 87 patients, with exotropia being the most common type. The success rate for strabismus surgery in craniosynostosis patients was 50%. Syndromic craniosynostosis cases had worse visual outcomes and a higher incidence of ocular diseases compared to non-syndromic cases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Rigshospitalet in Glostrup, Denmark, explored the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect retinal hyperreflective foci in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The study found that RRMS patients, particularly those with prior optic neuritis, had higher rates of retinal infiltration compared to healthy subjects. This suggests that the presence of hyperreflective foci may indicate increased immune activity rather than retinal disease. The research provides valuable insights into the potential use of OCT imaging in diagnosing and monitoring RRMS. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses a study on Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA), a common inherited optic neuropathy that causes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. The study presents a new mouse model that mimics key features of ADOA, including mitochondrial defects and RGC loss. The researchers identify SARM1, a neurodegeneration switch, as a key driver of RGC degeneration in these mice. They suggest that targeting SARM1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for ADOA. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06614335, that is investigating the clinical outcomes of congenital strabismus based on the cause and timing of surgery. The study will use advanced sequencing techniques and analysis of genetic and clinical characteristics to understand the causes and genetic factors of congenital strabismus in children and their families. The goal is to develop personalized treatments for children with congenital strabismus and gain insights into brain development. Preliminary analysis of functional MRI data suggests that the duration of congenital esotropia can negatively impact brain structure and function, but corrective surgery can lead to improvements. The study is ongoing and is expected to be completed by March 30, 2028. [Extracted from the article]

This document summarizes a clinical trial (NCT06622044) that is currently underway in China. The trial aims to compare the effectiveness of vision therapy exercises and prism glasses for the treatment of a condition called acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE), which is characterized by inward deviation of the eyes. The study is interventional and randomized, with the goal of evaluating and comparing the therapeutic effects of these two treatment methods. The trial is currently recruiting participants between the ages of 10 and 40, and is expected to be completed by December 2025. Contact information for the primary investigator is provided for those interested in participating. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi discusses the findings on hypersomnia in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The study suggests that hypersomnolence, or excessive daytime sleepiness, may be a common initial symptom in NMOSD. The researchers compared 10 NMOSD patients with 22 multiple sclerosis patients and 22 healthy individuals and found that hypersomnolence was higher in the NMOSD group. The study supports the idea that damage to the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus, caused by anti-AQP4 antibodies in NMOSD, may lead to decreased hypocretin and hypersomnia or narcolepsy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Ryofukai Satoh Neurosurgical Hospital discusses the impact of microvascular decompression (MVD) on wall shear stress (WSS) in responsible arteries (RAs) in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS). The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the hemodynamics of RAs at the neurovascular contact (NVC) before and after MVD. The results showed that MVD led to a decrease in WSS and a change in the curve of WSS in the RA at the NVC. This research provides a more detailed understanding of the morphologically depicted NVC in TN and HFS cases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent literature review conducted by researchers from Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University explores surgical procedures for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a common type of craniofacial pain disorder. The review evaluates various surgical interventions, including microvascular decompression, balloon compression, radiofrequency thermocoagulation, glycerol rhizotomy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. The researchers compare the advantages, limitations, outcomes, risk factors, complications, and side effects of these procedures. They also propose a surgical decision-making algorithm for patients with refractory TN. The study concludes that while microvascular decompression provides the longest pain-free interval, stereotactic radiosurgery offers a noninvasive option with delayed onset and a recurrence interval of a few years. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, explored the relationship between tobacco use and trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The study analyzed data from 171 patients with TN who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) and found that smokers with TN were younger and more likely to experience widespread facial pain compared to nonsmokers. Additionally, smokers were less likely to be pain-free off medications at the last follow-up. These findings suggest that TN in smokers may be more severe and have different responses to treatment compared to TN in nonsmokers. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from researchers at the Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology in Tamil Nadu, India, explores the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in treating acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) in children and young adolescents. The study found that BTX-A therapy showed efficacy in treating esotropia, with over half of the patients achieving optimal outcomes and improvements in stereopsis and sensory fusion. Early intervention within three months of symptom onset was found to significantly correlate with treatment success. The study highlights the importance of patient-specific considerations and close follow-up to monitor residual and recurrence of esotropia, with surgical intervention potentially increasing the final success rate. [Extracted from the article]