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154. Measures of low food variety and poor dietary quality in a cross-sectional study of London school children.

Author

Evans, CEL, Hutchinson, J, Christian, MS, Hancock, N, Cade, JE, Christian, M S, and Cade, J E

Abstract

Background/objectives: The use of simple screening tools to measure nutritional adequacy in a public health context in developed countries are currently lacking. We explore the relationship between food variety and nutrient intake of London school children using a simple tool with potential use for screening for inadequate diets.Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2010. The survey included 2579 children aged 7-10 years in 52 primary schools in East London in the United Kingdom. The analysis included 2392 children (93% of the original sample). Food variety was assessed as the total number of listed foods recorded over 24 h using the validated Child and Diet Assessment Tool (CADET) comprising 115 listed foods divided into 16 food categories. Dietary quality was determined by the proportion of children meeting recommended intakes of individual micronutrients, namely, calcium, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A and vitamin C.Results: The mean number of CADET-listed foods consumed daily by children was 17.1 (95% CI: 16.8, 17.5). Children who consumed fewer than 11 foods on the collection day had particularly low nutrient intakes. Children consuming three different vegetables and two different fruits on average consumed 19-20 listed foods. It was estimated between 4 and 20% of children did not meet the recommended levels for individual micronutrients during the period of data collection.Conclusions: A simple method using food counts to assess daily food variety may help public health nutritionists identify groups of children at risk of inadequate diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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155. Preventing childhood obesity, phase II feasibility study focusing on South Asians: BEACHeS

Author

Adab, P, Pallan, MJ, Cade, J, Ekelund, U, Barrett, T, Daley, A, Deeks, J, Duda, J, Gill, P, Parry, J, Bhopal, R, and Cheng, KK

Subjects
Male, Pediatric Obesity, Schools, Research, Prevention, Asian People, England, Child, Preschool, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Female, Public Health, Obesity, Child, Children
Abstract

Objective: To assess feasibility and acceptability of a multifaceted, culturally appropriate intervention for preventing obesity in South Asian children, and to obtain data to inform sample size for a definitive trial.\ud \ud \ud \ud Design: Phase II feasibility study of a complex intervention.\ud \ud \ud \ud Setting: 8 primary schools in inner city Birmingham, UK, within populations that are predominantly South Asian.\ud \ud \ud \ud Participants: 1090 children aged 6–8 years took part in the intervention. 571 (85.9% from South Asian background) underwent baseline measures. 85.5% (n=488) were followed up 2 years later.\ud \ud \ud \ud Interventions: The 1-year intervention consisted of school-based and family-based activities, targeting dietary and physical activity behaviours. The intervention was modified and refined throughout the period of delivery.\ud \ud \ud \ud Main outcome measures: Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and of measurements required to assess outcomes in a definitive trial. The difference in body mass index (BMI) z-score between arms was used to inform sample size calculations for a definitive trial.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results: Some intervention components (increasing school physical activity opportunities, family cooking skills workshops, signposting of local leisure facilities and attending day event at a football club) were feasible and acceptable. Other components were acceptable, but not feasible. Promoting walking groups was neither acceptable nor feasible. At follow-up, children in the intervention compared with the control group were less likely to be obese (OR 0.41; 0.19 to 0.89), and had lower adjusted BMI z-score (−0.15 kg/m2; 95% CI −0.27 to −0.03).\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusions: The feasibility study informed components for an intervention programme. The favourable direction of outcome for weight status in the intervention group supports the need for a definitive trial. A cluster randomised controlled trial is now underway to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.\ud \ud \ud \ud Trial registration number: ISRCTN51016370.

Published
2014

156. Process evaluation design in a cluster randomised controlled childhood obesity prevention trial: the WAVES study

Author

Griffin, TL, Pallan, MJ, Clarke, JL, Lancashire, ER, Lyon, A, Parry, JM, Adab, P, Barrett, T, Cheng, KK, Daley, A, Deeks, J, Duda, J, Frew, E, Gill, P, Hemming, K, Ekelund, U, Cade, J, Bhopal, R, McGee, E, and Passmore, S

Subjects
implementation fidelity, childhood obesity prevention, cluster randomised controlled trial, intervention, process evaluation
Abstract

Background: The implementation of a complex intervention is heavily influenced by individual context. Variation in implementation and tailoring of the intervention to the particular context will occur, even in a trial setting. It is recognised that in trials, evaluating the process of implementation of a complex intervention is important, yet process evaluation methods are rarely reported. The WAVES study is a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an obesity prevention intervention programme targeting children aged 6-7 years, delivered by teachers in primary schools across the West Midlands, UK. The intervention promoted activities encouraging physical activity and healthy eating. This paper presents the methods used to assess implementation of the intervention. Methods: Previous literature was used to identify the dimensions of intervention process and implementation to be assessed, including adherence, exposure, quality of delivery, participant responsiveness, context, and programme differentiation. Results: Multiple methods and tools were developed to capture information on all these dimensions. These included observations, logbooks, qualitative evaluation, questionnaires and research team reflection. Discussion: Data collection posed several challenges, predominantly when relying on teachers to complete paperwork, which they saw as burdensome on top of their teaching responsibilities. However, the use of multiple methods helped to ensure data on each dimension, where possible, was collected using more than one method. This also allowed for triangulation of the findings when several data sources on any one dimension were available. Conclusions: We have reported a comprehensive approach to the assessment of the implementation and processes of a complex childhood obesity prevention intervention within a cluster randomised controlled trial. These approaches can be transferred and adapted for use in other complex intervention trials. Trial registration number: ISRCTN97000586

Published
2014

158. Viewpoint: Thinking About Effective Cost-Cutting

Author

Cade, J. Scott

Subjects
Banking industry -- Economic aspects, Banking industry -- Management, Banking industry, Company business management, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Economics
Abstract

In recent years retail banking executives have been inundated with so much efficiency advice that it would be understandable if they felt they had heard it all. Outsourcing, Six Sigma, [...]

Published
2008

161. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology – nutritional epidemiology (STROBE‐nut): An extension of the STROBE statement

Author

Lachat, C., primary, Hawwash, D., additional, Ocké, M. C., additional, Berg, C., additional, Forsum, E., additional, Hörnell, A., additional, Larsson, C. l., additional, Sonestedt, E., additional, Wirfält, E., additional, Åkesson, A., additional, Kolsteren, P., additional, Byrnes, G., additional, De Keyzer, W., additional, Van Camp, J., additional, Cade, J. E., additional, Slimani, N., additional, Cevallos, M., additional, Egger, M., additional, and Huybrechts, I., additional

Published
2016
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164. Traditional methods v. new technologies - dilemmas for dietary assessment in large-scale nutrition surveys and studies: a report following an international panel discussion at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, 3 September 2015

Author

Amoutzopoulos, B., Steer, T., Roberts, C., Cade, J. E., Boushey, C. J., Collins, C. E., Trolle, E., de Boer, E. J., Ziauddeen, N., van Rossum, C., Buurma, E., Coyle, D., and Page, P.

Abstract

The aim of the present paper is to summarise current and future applications of dietary assessment technologies in nutrition surveys in developed countries. It includes the discussion of key points and highlights of subsequent developments from a panel discussion to address strengths and weaknesses of traditional dietary assessment methods (food records, FFQ, 24 h recalls, diet history with interviewer-assisted data collection) v. new technology-based dietary assessment methods (web-based and mobile device applications). The panel discussion 'Traditional methods v. new technologies: dilemmas for dietary assessment in population surveys', was held at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, September 2015. Despite respondent and researcher burden, traditional methods have been most commonly used in nutrition surveys. However, dietary assessment technologies offer potential advantages including faster data processing and better data quality. This is a fast-moving field and there is evidence of increasing demand for the use of new technologies amongst the general public and researchers. There is a need for research and investment to support efforts being made to facilitate the inclusion of new technologies for rapid, accurate and representative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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170. Understanding the impacts of care farms on health and well-being of disadvantaged populations: a protocol of the Evaluating Community Orders (ECO) pilot study

Author

Elsey, H, primary, Bragg, R, additional, Elings, M, additional, Cade, J E, additional, Brennan, C, additional, Farragher, T, additional, Tubeuf, S, additional, Gold, R, additional, Shickle, D, additional, Wickramasekera, N, additional, Richardson, Z, additional, and Murray, J, additional

Published
2014
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171. An evaluation of diabetes targeted apps for Android smartphone in relation to behaviour change techniques.

Author

Hoppe, C. D., Cade, J. E., and Carter, M.

Subjects
*TREATMENT of diabetes, *BEHAVIOR modification, *MOBILE apps, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *CONSUMER attitudes, *GESTATIONAL diabetes, *HEALTH, *HEALTH behavior, *TYPE 1 diabetes, *TYPE 2 diabetes, *PROBABILITY theory, *INFORMATION resources, *STATISTICAL significance, *SMARTPHONES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ECONOMICS
Abstract

Background Mobile applications (apps) could support diabetes management through dietary, weight and blood glucose self-monitoring, as well as by promoting behaviour change. The present study aimed to evaluate diabetes apps for content, functions and behaviour change techniques ( BCTs). Methods Diabetes self-management apps for Android smartphones were searched for on the Google Play Store. Ten apps each from the following search terms were included; 'diabetes', 'diabetes type 1', 'diabetes type 2', 'gestational diabetes'. Apps were evaluated by being scored according to their number of functions and BCTs, price, and user rating. Results The mean ( SD) number of functions was 8.9 (5.9) out of a possible maximum of 27. Furthermore, the mean ( SD) number of BCTs was 4.4 (2.6) out of a possible maximum of 26. Apps with optimum BCT had significantly more functions [13.8; 95% confidence interval ( CI) = 11.9-15.9] than apps that did not (4.7; 95% CI = 3.2-6.2; P < 0.01) and significantly more BCTs (5.8; 95% CI = 4.8-7.0) than apps without (3.1; 95% CI = 2.2-4.1; P < 0.01). Additionally, apps with optimum BCT also cost more than other apps. In the adjusted models, highly rated apps had an average of 4.8 (95% CI = 0.9-8.7; P = 0.02) more functions than lower rated apps. Conclusions 'Diabetes apps' include few functions or BCTs compared to the maximum score possible. Apps with optimum BCTs could indicate higher quality. App developers should consider including both specific functions and BCTs in 'diabetes apps' to make them more helpful. More research is needed to understand the components of an effective app for people with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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172. Maternal Caffeine Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Growth Restriction: A Large Prospective Observational Study

Author

Boylan, S., primary, Cade, J. E., additional, Dolby, V. A., additional, Greenwood, D. C., additional, Hay, A. W., additional, Kirk, S. F., additional, Shires, S., additional, Simpson, N., additional, Thomas, J. D., additional, Walker, J., additional, White, K. L., additional, Wild, C. P., additional, Potdar, N., additional, Konje, J. C., additional, Taub, N., additional, Charvill, J., additional, Chipps, K. C., additional, Kassam, S., additional, Ghandi, C., additional, Cooke, M. S., additional, Cooke, M., additional, Cade, J., additional, Gott, D., additional, Thatcher, N., additional, Creton, S., additional, Tahourdin, C., additional, Gibson, G., additional, Greenwood, D., additional, Gay, C., additional, Dolby, V., additional, Ong, H., additional, Chipps, K., additional, Boyland, S., additional, Kirk, S., additional, White, K., additional, Hay, A., additional, Wild, C., additional, Thomas, J., additional, and Hill, E., additional

Published
2009
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179. Food for thought: pilot randomized controlled trial of lay health trainers supporting dietary change to reduce cardiovascular disease in deprived communities

Author

Goodall, M., primary, Barton, G. R., additional, Bower, P., additional, Byrne, P., additional, Cade, J. E., additional, Capewell, S., additional, Cleghorn, C. L., additional, Kennedy, L. A., additional, Martindale, A. M., additional, Roberts, C., additional, Woolf, S., additional, and Gabbay, M. B., additional

Published
2013
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180. Evaluation of implementation and effect of primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for obesity\ud

Author

Sahota, P., Rudolf, M.C.J., Dixey, R., Hill, A.J., Barth, J.H., and Cade, J.

Subjects
education
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To implement a school based health\ud promotion programme aimed at reducing risk factors\ud for obesity and to evaluate the implementation\ud process and its effect on the school.\ud DESIGN: Data from 10 schools participating in a group\ud randomised controlled crossover trial were pooled\ud and analysed.\ud \ud SETTING: 10 primary schools in Leeds.\ud Participants 634 children (350 boys and 284 girls)\ud aged 7­11 years.\ud \ud MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rates to\ud questionnaires, teachers' evaluation of training and\ud input, success of school action plans, content of\ud school meals, and children's knowledge of healthy\ud living and self reported behaviour.\ud \ud RESULTS: All 10 schools participated throughout the\ud study. 76 (89%) of the action points determined by\ud schools in their school action plans were achieved,\ud along with positive changes in school meals. A high\ud level of support for nutrition education and\ud promotion of physical activity was expressed by both\ud teachers and parents. 410 (64%) parents responded to\ud the questionnaire concerning changes they would like\ud to see implemented in school. 19 out of 20 teachers\ud attended the training, and all reported satisfaction\ud with the training, resources, and support. Intervention\ud children showed a higher score for knowledge,\ud attitudes, and self reported behaviour for healthy\ud eating and physical activity.\ud \ud CONCLUSION: This programme was successfully\ud implemented and produced changes at school level\ud that tackled risk factors for obesity.

Published
2001

189. Does Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy Play a Role in the Association Found Between Maternal Caffeine Intake and Fetal Growth Restriction?

Author

Boylan, S. M., primary, Greenwood, D. C., additional, Alwan, N., additional, Cooke, M. S., additional, Dolby, V. A., additional, Hay, A. W. M., additional, Kirk, S. F. L., additional, Konje, J. C., additional, Potdar, N., additional, Shires, S., additional, Simpson, N. A. B., additional, Taub, N., additional, Thomas, J. D., additional, Walker, J. J., additional, White, K. L. M., additional, Wild, C. P., additional, and Cade, J. E., additional

Published
2012
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196. Vitamin C intake from diary recordings and risk of breast cancer in the UK Dietary Cohort Consortium

Author

Hutchinson, J, primary, Lentjes, M A H, additional, Greenwood, D C, additional, Burley, V J, additional, Cade, J E, additional, Cleghorn, C L, additional, Threapleton, D E, additional, Key, T J, additional, Cairns, B J, additional, Keogh, R H, additional, Dahm, C C, additional, Brunner, E J, additional, Shipley, M J, additional, Kuh, D, additional, Mishra, G, additional, Stephen, A M, additional, Bhaniani, A, additional, Borgulya, G, additional, and Khaw, K T, additional

Published
2011
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198. P2-118 Vitamin C intake from diary recordings and risk of breast cancer in the UK dietary cohort consortium

Author

Hutchinson, J., primary, Lentjes, M., additional, Greenwood, D., additional, Burley, V., additional, Cade, J., additional, Cleghorn, C., additional, Threapleton, D., additional, Key, T., additional, Cairns, B., additional, Keogh, R., additional, Dahm, C., additional, Brunner, E., additional, Shipley, M., additional, Kuh, D., additional, Mishra, G., additional, Stephen, A., additional, Bhaniani, A., additional, Borgulya, G., additional, Khaw, K. T., additional, and Rodwell, S., additional

Published
2011
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