2,450 results on '"Charman, Tony"'
Search Results
152. Testing the specificity of executive functioning impairments in adolescents with ADHD, ODD/CD and ASD
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Carter Leno, Virginia, Chandler, Susie, White, Pippa, Pickles, Andrew, Baird, Gillian, Hobson, Chris, Smith, Anna B., Charman, Tony, Rubia, Katya, and Simonoff, Emily
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- 2018
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153. Anxiety and Attentional Bias to Threat in Children at Increased Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Milosavljevic, Bosiljka, Shephard, Elizabeth, Happé, Francesca G., Johnson, Mark H., and Charman, Tony
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Children -- Health aspects ,Pervasive developmental disorders -- Risk factors ,Anxiety -- Analysis ,Health - Abstract
Anxiety and threat bias were examined in 6-8-year-old children at familial-risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and low-risk (LR, n = 37) controls. The high-risk (HR) group was divided into those who met diagnostic criteria for ASD (HR-ASD, n = 15) and those who did not (HR-non ASD, n = 24). The HR-ASD group had highest levels of parent-reported anxiety. The HR-non ASD group exhibited increased threat bias on a spatial-cueing task, while the HR-ASD group did not. Anxiety symptoms were associated with both threat bias and ASD severity. These findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying anxiety in HR siblings without ASD are similar to those in non-ASD populations. However, among children with ASD, hypersensitivity to threat may not underlie anxiety symptoms., Author(s): Bosiljka Milosavljevic [sup.1] , Elizabeth Shephard [sup.2] , Francesca G. Happé [sup.2] , Mark H. Johnson [sup.3] , Tony Charman [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Psychology, Institute of [...]
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- 2017
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154. School based cognitive behavioural therapy targeting anxiety in children with autistic spectrum disorder: a quasi-experimental randomised controlled trail incorporating a mixed methods approach
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Clarke, Chris, Hill, Vivian, and Charman, Tony
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Pervasive developmental disorders -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment ,Cognitive therapy -- Usage -- Analysis ,Anxiety -- Analysis -- Care and treatment -- Diagnosis ,Health - Abstract
Children with a diagnosis of autism are more likely to experience anxiety than their typically developing peers. Research suggests that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) could offer a way to help children with autism manage their anxiety but most evidence is based on clinical trials. This study investigated a school-based CBT programme using a quasi-experimental design incorporating the child and parent versions of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (Spence, J Abnorm Psy 106(2):280-297, 1997 (See CR33)) and the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (Brodzinsky et al., J Appl Dev Psychol 13:195-214, 1992 (See CR8)). Interview data was incorporated to help understand the process of change further. Children in the experimental condition had lower levels of anxiety, maintained at follow-up and changes were found in coping behaviours such as lower behavioural avoidance strategies but increased problem solving strategies at follow-up. Limitations of the research together with future directions are also discussed., Author(s): Chris Clarke [sup.1] , Vivian Hill [sup.2] , Tony Charman [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Kent Educational Psychology Service, Kroner House, Eurogate Business Park, Ashford, TN24 8XU, Kent, UK (2) [...]
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- 2017
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155. Neurobiological Correlates of Change in Adaptive Behavior in Autism
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Pretzsch, Charlotte, Schäfer, Tim, Lombardo, Michael, Warrier, Varun, Mann, Caroline, Bletsch, Anke, Chatham, Chris, Floris, Dorothea, Tillmann, Julian, Yousaf, Afsheen, Jones, Emily, Charman, Tony, Ambrosino, Sara, Bourgeron, Thomas, Dumas, Guillaume, Loth, Eva, Oakley, Bethany, Buitelaar, Jan, Cliquet, Freddy, Leblond, Claire, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian, Banaschewski, Tobias, Durston, Sarah, Freitag, Christine, LEAP Group, Eu-Aims, Murphy, Declan G.M., Ecker, Christine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Frankfurt University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, University of Trento [Trento], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Vienna [Vienna], Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development [Birkbeck College], Birkbeck College [University of London], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University [Nijmegen], Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], University Hospital Mannheim | Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Medical Center [Utrecht], European Project: 115300,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-03-2010,EU-AIMS(2012), and European Project: 777394,H2020-JTI-IMI2-2016-10-two-stage,AIMS-2-TRIALS(2018)
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7] ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Adaptation, Psychological ,220 Statistical Imaging Neuroscience ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Objective:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with significant difficulties in adaptive behavior and variation in clinical outcomes across the life span. Some individuals with ASD improve, whereas others may not change significantly, or regress. Hence, the development of “personalized medicine” approaches is essential. However, this requires an understanding of the biological processes underpinning differences in clinical outcome, at both the individual and subgroup levels, across the lifespan.Methods:The authors conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of 483 individuals (204 with ASD and 279 neurotypical individuals, ages 6–30 years), with assessment time points separated by ∼12–24 months. Data collected included behavioral data (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale–II), neuroanatomical data (structural MRI), and genetic data (DNA). Individuals with ASD were grouped into clinically meaningful “increasers,” “no-changers,” and “decreasers” in adaptive behavior. First, the authors compared neuroanatomy between outcome groups. Next, they examined whether deviations from the neurotypical neuroanatomical profile were associated with outcome at the individual level. Finally, they explored the observed neuroanatomical differences’ potential genetic underpinnings.Results:Outcome groups differed in neuroanatomical features (cortical volume and thickness, surface area), including in “social brain” regions previously implicated in ASD. Also, deviations of neuroanatomical features from the neurotypical profile predicted outcome at the individual level. Moreover, neuroanatomical differences were associated with genetic processes relevant to neuroanatomical phenotypes (e.g., synaptic development).Conclusions:This study demonstrates, for the first time, that variation in clinical (adaptive) outcome is associated with both group- and individual-level variation in anatomy of brain regions enriched for genes relevant to ASD. This may facilitate the move toward better targeted/precision medicine approaches.
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- 2022
156. Mediation of 6‐year mid‐childhood follow‐up outcomes after pre‐school social communication (PACT) therapy for autistic children: randomised controlled trial
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Carruthers, Sophie, primary, Pickles, Andrew, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, McConachie, Helen, additional, Le Couteur, Ann, additional, Slonims, Vicky, additional, Howlin, Patricia, additional, Collum, Rachel, additional, Salomone, Erica, additional, Tobin, Hannah, additional, Gammer, Isobel, additional, Maxwell, Jessica, additional, Aldred, Catherine, additional, Parr, Jeremy, additional, Leadbitter, Kathy, additional, and Green, Jonathan, additional
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- 2023
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157. Factors associated with mental health symptoms among UK autistic children and young people and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Palmer, Melanie, primary, Chandler, Susie, additional, Carter Leno, Virginia, additional, Mgaieth, Farah, additional, Yorke, Isabel, additional, Hollocks, Matthew, additional, Pickles, Andrew, additional, Slonims, Vicky, additional, Scott, Stephen, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, and Simonoff, Emily, additional
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- 2023
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158. Delineating early developmental pathways to ADHD: Setting an international research agenda.
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Arnett, Anne, Arnett, Anne, Shephard, Elizabeth, Charman, Tony, Gustafsson, Hanna, Joseph, Heather, Karalunas, Sarah, Nigg, Joel, Polanczyk, Guilherme, Sullivan, Elinor, Jones, Emily, Miller, Meghan, Arnett, Anne, Arnett, Anne, Shephard, Elizabeth, Charman, Tony, Gustafsson, Hanna, Joseph, Heather, Karalunas, Sarah, Nigg, Joel, Polanczyk, Guilherme, Sullivan, Elinor, Jones, Emily, and Miller, Meghan
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, impairing, and highly heritable condition typically diagnosed in middle childhood. However, it is now recognized that symptoms emerge much earlier in development. Research focused on understanding-using multiple units of analysis-the cascade of early-life (i.e., prenatal-infant-toddler) developmental changes that will later emerge as ADHD has the potential to transform early identification, prevention, and intervention. To this end, we introduce the recently established Early ADHD Consortium, an international network of investigators engaged in prospective, longitudinal studies of risk for ADHD beginning early in life, conducted within a developmental framework, and which incorporate multimethod approaches. This network seeks to harmonize measures and methodological approaches to increase the potential for data sharing and subsequent impact. METHODS: This perspective paper highlights the importance of investigating pre-diagnostic markers of ADHD, and potential models and mechanisms of ADHD risk and development, with the long-term objective of facilitating development of preemptive interventions that will minimize the impact of ADHD symptoms on everyday functioning and maximize health and developmental outcomes. RESULTS: We selectively describe key challenges and questions for this field related to theoretical models and developmental mechanisms in ADHD and recommend next steps for the science, including methodological, measurement, and study design considerations. We then describe potential implications for preemptive intervention development. We conclude by considering other issues including ethical concerns and the critical value of incorporating stakeholder input. CONCLUSIONS: It is hoped that this perspective puts forth a research agenda that will enhance collaborative efforts and accelerate progress in understanding developmental mechanisms and the early ADHD phenotype, with implication
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- 2023
159. The Link Between Autism and Sex-Related Neuroanatomy, and Associated Cognition and Gene Expression
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Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Peng, Han, Warrier, Varun, Lombardo, Michael V, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Moreau, Clara, Tsompanidis, Alex, Gong, Weikang, Mennes, Maarten, Llera, Alberto, van Rooij, Daan, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Forde, Natalie J, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Tillmann, Julian, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Durston, Sarah, Holt, Rosemary J, Ecker, Christine, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Loth, Eva, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Murphy, Declan G M, Marquand, Andre F, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, et al, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Peng, Han, Warrier, Varun, Lombardo, Michael V, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Moreau, Clara, Tsompanidis, Alex, Gong, Weikang, Mennes, Maarten, Llera, Alberto, van Rooij, Daan, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Forde, Natalie J, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Tillmann, Julian, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Durston, Sarah, Holt, Rosemary J, Ecker, Christine, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Loth, Eva, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Murphy, Declan G M, Marquand, Andre F, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, and et al
- Abstract
Objective: The male preponderance in prevalence of autism is among the most pronounced sex ratios across neurodevelopmental conditions. The authors sought to elucidate the relationship between autism and typical sex-differential neuroanatomy, cognition, and related gene expression. Methods: Using a novel deep learning framework trained to predict biological sex based on T1-weighted structural brain images, the authors compared sex prediction model performance across neurotypical and autistic males and females. Multiple large-scale data sets comprising T1-weighted MRI data were employed at four stages of the analysis pipeline: 1) pretraining, with the UK Biobank sample (>10,000 individuals); 2) transfer learning and validation, with the ABIDE data sets (1,412 individuals, 5–56 years of age); 3) test and discovery, with the EU-AIMS/AIMS-2-TRIALS LEAP data set (681 individuals, 6–30 years of age); and 4) specificity, with the NeuroIMAGE and ADHD200 data sets (887 individuals, 7–26 years of age). Results: Across both ABIDE and LEAP, features positively predictive of neurotypical males were on average significantly more predictive of autistic males (ABIDE: Cohen’s d=0.48; LEAP: Cohen’s d=1.34). Features positively predictive of neurotypical females were on average significantly less predictive of autistic females (ABIDE: Cohen’s d=1.25; LEAP: Cohen’s d=1.29). These differences in sex prediction accuracy in autism were not observed in individuals with ADHD. In autistic females, the male-shifted neurophenotype was further associated with poorer social sensitivity and emotional face processing while also associated with gene expression patterns of midgestational cell types. Conclusions: The results demonstrate an increased resemblance in both autistic male and female individuals’ neuroanatomy with male-characteristic patterns associated with typically sex-differential social cognitive features and related gene expression patterns. The findings hold promise for future resear
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- 2023
160. Connectome-wide Mega-analysis Reveals Robust Patterns of Atypical Functional Connectivity in Autism
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Ilioska, Iva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-8196, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Llera, Alberto, Chopra, Sidhant, Looden, Tristan, Chauvin, Roselyne, van Rooij, Daan, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Tillmann, Julian, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Holt, Rosemary J, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Murphy, Declan G M, Ecker, Christine, Mennes, Maarten, Beckmann, Christian F, Fornito, Alex, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Ilioska, Iva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-8196, Oldehinkel, Marianne, Llera, Alberto, Chopra, Sidhant, Looden, Tristan, Chauvin, Roselyne, van Rooij, Daan, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Tillmann, Julian, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Holt, Rosemary J, Loth, Eva, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Murphy, Declan G M, Ecker, Christine, Mennes, Maarten, Beckmann, Christian F, Fornito, Alex, and Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757
- Abstract
Background Neuroimaging studies of functional connectivity (FC) in autism have been hampered by small sample sizes and inconsistent findings with regard to whether connectivity is increased or decreased in individuals with autism, whether these alterations affect focal systems or reflect a brain-wide pattern, and whether these are age and/or sex dependent. Methods The study included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the EU-AIMS LEAP (European Autism Interventions Longitudinal European Autism Project) and the ABIDE (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange) 1 and 2 initiatives of 1824 (796 with autism) participants with an age range of 5–58 years. Between-group differences in FC were assessed, and associations between FC and clinical symptom ratings were investigated through canonical correlation analysis. Results Autism was associated with a brainwide pattern of hypo- and hyperconnectivity. Hypoconnectivity predominantly affected sensory and higher-order attentional networks and correlated with social impairments, restrictive and repetitive behavior, and sensory processing. Hyperconnectivity was observed primarily between the default mode network and the rest of the brain and between cortical and subcortical systems. This pattern was strongly associated with social impairments and sensory processing. Interactions between diagnosis and age or sex were not statistically significant. Conclusions The FC alterations observed, which primarily involve hypoconnectivity of primary sensory and attention networks and hyperconnectivity of the default mode network and subcortex with the rest of the brain, do not appear to be age or sex dependent and correlate with clinical dimensions of social difficulties, restrictive and repetitive behaviors, and alterations in sensory processing. These findings suggest that the observed connectivity alterations are stable, trait-like features of autism that are related to the main symptom domains of the cond
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- 2023
161. Cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroanatomical profiles of distinct clinical (adaptive) outcomes in autism
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Pretzsch, Charlotte M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-6628, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Schäfer, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-8070, Bletsch, Anke; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-4065, Gurr, Caroline, Lombardo, Michael V, Chatham, Chris H; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-8285, Tillmann, Julian, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Arenella, Martina, Jones, Emily, Ambrosino, Sara, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Dumas, Guillaume; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-1844, Cliquet, Freddy; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0685, Leblond, Claire S, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Oakley, Bethany, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Beckmann, Christian F, Persico, Antonio M, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Durston, Sarah, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Ecker, Christine, Pretzsch, Charlotte M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-6628, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Schäfer, Tim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-8070, Bletsch, Anke; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-4065, Gurr, Caroline, Lombardo, Michael V, Chatham, Chris H; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-8285, Tillmann, Julian, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Arenella, Martina, Jones, Emily, Ambrosino, Sara, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Dumas, Guillaume; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2253-1844, Cliquet, Freddy; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-0685, Leblond, Claire S, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Oakley, Bethany, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Beckmann, Christian F, Persico, Antonio M, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Durston, Sarah, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, and Ecker, Christine
- Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth referred to as autism) display significant variation in clinical outcome. For instance, across age, some individuals’ adaptive skills naturally improve or remain stable, while others’ decrease. To pave the way for ‘precision-medicine’ approaches, it is crucial to identify the cross-sectional and, given the developmental nature of autism, longitudinal neurobiological (including neuroanatomical and linked genetic) correlates of this variation. We conducted a longitudinal follow-up study of 333 individuals (161 autistic and 172 neurotypical individuals, aged 6–30 years), with two assessment time points separated by ~12–24 months. We collected behavioural (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale-II, VABS-II) and neuroanatomical (structural magnetic resonance imaging) data. Autistic participants were grouped into clinically meaningful “Increasers”, “No-changers”, and “Decreasers” in adaptive behaviour (based on VABS-II scores). We compared each clinical subgroup’s neuroanatomy (surface area and cortical thickness at T1, ∆T (intra-individual change) and T2) to that of the neurotypicals. Next, we explored the neuroanatomical differences’ potential genomic associates using the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Clinical subgroups had distinct neuroanatomical profiles in surface area and cortical thickness at baseline, neuroanatomical development, and follow-up. These profiles were enriched for genes previously associated with autism and for genes previously linked to neurobiological pathways implicated in autism (e.g. excitation-inhibition systems). Our findings suggest that distinct clinical outcomes (i.e. intra-individual change in clinical profiles) linked to autism core symptoms are associated with atypical cross-sectional and longitudinal, i.e. developmental, neurobiological profiles. If validated, our findings may advance the development of interventions, e.g. targeting mechanisms linked to relatively poorer outcomes.
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- 2023
162. Fine-grained topographic organization within somatosensory cortex during resting-state and emotional face-matching task and its association with ASD traits
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Isakoglou, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-0400, Haak, Koen V, Wolfers, Thomas, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Llera, Alberto, Oldehinkel, Marianne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0548, Forde, Natalie J, Oakley, Bethany F M, Tillmann, Julian, Holt, Rosemary J, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Marquand, Andre F, Beckmann, Christian F, Isakoglou, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-0400, Haak, Koen V, Wolfers, Thomas, Floris, Dorothea L; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-6821, Llera, Alberto, Oldehinkel, Marianne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0548, Forde, Natalie J, Oakley, Bethany F M, Tillmann, Julian, Holt, Rosemary J, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Loth, Eva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-9167, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Baron-Cohen, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-2544, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Murphy, Declan G M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-7451, Buitelaar, Jan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-7757, Marquand, Andre F, and Beckmann, Christian F
- Abstract
Sensory atypicalities are particularly common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Nevertheless, our knowledge about the divergent functioning of the underlying somatosensory region and its association with ASD phenotype features is limited. We applied a data-driven approach to map the fine-grained variations in functional connectivity of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to the rest of the brain in 240 autistic and 164 neurotypical individuals from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset, aged between 7 and 30. We estimated the S1 connection topography (‘connectopy’) at rest and during the emotional face-matching (Hariri) task, an established measure of emotion reactivity, and accessed its association with a set of clinical and behavioral variables. We first demonstrated that the S1 connectopy is organized along a dorsoventral axis, mapping onto the S1 somatotopic organization. We then found that its spatial characteristics were linked to the individuals’ adaptive functioning skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, across the whole sample. Higher functional differentiation characterized the S1 connectopies of individuals with higher daily life adaptive skills. Notably, we detected significant differences between rest and the Hariri task in the S1 connectopies, as well as their projection maps onto the rest of the brain suggesting a task-modulating effect on S1 due to emotion processing. All in all, variation of adaptive skills appears to be reflected in the brain’s mesoscale neural circuitry, as shown by the S1 connectivity profile, which is also differentially modulated during rest and emotional processing.
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- 2023
163. The neuroanatomical substrates of autism and ADHD and their link to putative genomic underpinnings
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Berg, Lisa M, Gurr, Caroline, Leyhausen, Johanna, Seelemeyer, Hanna, Bletsch, Anke, Schaefer, Tim, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Floris, Dorothea L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Beckmann, Christian F, Banaschewski, Tobias, Charman, Tony, Jones, Emily J H, Tillmann, Julian, Chatham, Chris H, Bourgeron, Thomas, EU-AIMS LEAP group, Murphy, Declan G, Ecker, Christine, Berg, Lisa M, Gurr, Caroline, Leyhausen, Johanna, Seelemeyer, Hanna, Bletsch, Anke, Schaefer, Tim, Pretzsch, Charlotte M, Oakley, Bethany, Loth, Eva, Floris, Dorothea L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Beckmann, Christian F, Banaschewski, Tobias, Charman, Tony, Jones, Emily J H, Tillmann, Julian, Chatham, Chris H, Bourgeron, Thomas, EU-AIMS LEAP group, Murphy, Declan G, and Ecker, Christine
- Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions accompanied by differences in brain development. Neuroanatomical differences in autism are variable across individuals and likely underpin distinct clinical phenotypes. To parse heterogeneity, it is essential to establish how the neurobiology of ASD is modulated by differences associated with co-occurring conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to (1) investigate between-group differences in autistic individuals with and without co-occurring ADHD, and to (2) link these variances to putative genomic underpinnings. Methods: We examined differences in cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) and their genomic associations in a sample of 533 individuals from the Longitudinal European Autism Project. Using a general linear model including main effects of autism and ADHD, and an ASD-by-ADHD interaction, we examined to which degree ADHD modulates the autism-related neuroanatomy. Further, leveraging the spatial gene expression data of the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we identified genes whose spatial expression patterns resemble our neuroimaging findings. Results: In addition to significant main effects for ASD and ADHD in fronto-temporal, limbic, and occipital regions, we observed a significant ASD-by-ADHD interaction in the left precentral gyrus and the right frontal gyrus for measures of CT and SA, respectively. Moreover, individuals with ASD + ADHD differed in CT to those without. Both main effects and the interaction were enriched for ASD-but not for ADHD-related genes. Limitations: Although we employed a multicenter design to overcome single-site recruitment limitations, our sample size of N = 25 individuals in the ADHD only group is relatively small compared to the other subgroups, which limits the generalizability of the results. Also, we assigned subjects into ADHD positive groupings according to the DSM-5 rating scale. While this is sufficie
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- 2023
164. Linking functional and structural brain organisation with behaviour in autism: a multimodal EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) study
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Oblong, Lennart M, Llera, Alberto, Mei, Ting, Haak, Koen, Isakoglou, Christina, Floris, Dorothea L, Durston, Sarah, Moessnang, Carolin, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Loth, Eva, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Charman, Tony, Murphy, Declan G M, Ecker, Christine, Buitelaar, Jan K, Beckmann, Christian F, EU-AIMS LEAP Group, Forde, Natalie J, et al, Brandeis, Daniel, Oblong, Lennart M, Llera, Alberto, Mei, Ting, Haak, Koen, Isakoglou, Christina, Floris, Dorothea L, Durston, Sarah, Moessnang, Carolin, Banaschewski, Tobias, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Loth, Eva, Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Charman, Tony, Murphy, Declan G M, Ecker, Christine, Buitelaar, Jan K, Beckmann, Christian F, EU-AIMS LEAP Group, Forde, Natalie J, et al, and Brandeis, Daniel
- Abstract
Neuroimaging analyses of brain structure and function in autism have typically been conducted in isolation, missing the sensitivity gains of linking data across modalities. Here we focus on the integration of structural and functional organisational properties of brain regions. We aim to identify novel brain-organisation phenotypes of autism. We utilised multimodal MRI (T1-, diffusion-weighted and resting state functional), behavioural and clinical data from the EU AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) from autistic (n = 206) and non-autistic (n = 196) participants. Of these, 97 had data from 2 timepoints resulting in a total scan number of 466. Grey matter density maps, probabilistic tractography connectivity matrices and connectopic maps were extracted from respective MRI modalities and were then integrated with Linked Independent Component Analysis. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the relationship between components and group while accounting for covariates and non-independence of participants with longitudinal data. Additional models were run to investigate associations with dimensional measures of behaviour. We identified one component that differed significantly between groups (coefficient = 0.33, p$_{adj}$ = 0.02). This was driven (99%) by variance of the right fusiform gyrus connectopic map 2. While there were multiple nominal (uncorrected p < 0.05) associations with behavioural measures, none were significant following multiple comparison correction. Our analysis considered the relative contributions of both structural and functional brain phenotypes simultaneously, finding that functional phenotypes drive associations with autism. These findings expanded on previous unimodal studies by revealing the topographic organisation of functional connectivity patterns specific to autism and warrant further investigation.
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- 2023
165. Sensory salience processing moderates attenuated gazes on faces in autism spectrum disorder: a case–control study
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Bast, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-207X, Mason, Luke, Ecker, Christine, Baumeister, Sarah, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Jones, Emily J H, Murphy, Declan G M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Loth, Eva, Pandina, Gahan, Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, et al, Bast, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-207X, Mason, Luke, Ecker, Christine, Baumeister, Sarah, Banaschewski, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144, Jones, Emily J H, Murphy, Declan G M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Loth, Eva, Pandina, Gahan, Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, and et al
- Abstract
Background: Attenuated social attention is a key marker of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recent neuroimaging findings also emphasize an altered processing of sensory salience in ASD. The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE) has been established as a modulator of this sensory salience processing (SSP). We tested the hypothesis that altered LC-NE functioning contributes to different SSP and results in diverging social attention in ASD. Methods: We analyzed the baseline eye-tracking data of the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) for subgroups of autistic participants (n = 166, age = 6-30 years, IQ = 61-138, gender [female/male] = 41/125) or neurotypical development (TD; n = 166, age = 6-30 years, IQ = 63-138, gender [female/male] = 49/117) that were matched for demographic variables and data quality. Participants watched brief movie scenes (k = 85) depicting humans in social situations (human) or without humans (non-human). SSP was estimated by gazes on physical and motion salience and a corresponding pupillary response that indexes phasic activity of the LC-NE. Social attention is estimated by gazes on faces via manual areas of interest definition. SSP is compared between groups and related to social attention by linear mixed models that consider temporal dynamics within scenes. Models are controlled for comorbid psychopathology, gaze behavior, and luminance. Results: We found no group differences in gazes on salience, whereas pupillary responses were associated with altered gazes on physical and motion salience. In ASD compared to TD, we observed pupillary responses that were higher for non-human scenes and lower for human scenes. In ASD, we observed lower gazes on faces across the duration of the scenes. Crucially, this different social attention was influenced by gazes on physical salience and moderated by pupillary responses. Limitations: The naturalistic study design precluded experimental manipulations and stimulus control, while effe
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- 2023
166. Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorders
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Baumeister, Sarah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-0084, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Bast, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-207X, Hohmann, Sarah, Aggensteiner, Pascal; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-9044, Kaiser, Anna, Tillmann, Julian, Goyard, David, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Ambrosino, Sara, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian, Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Rausch, Annika, Crawley, Daisy, Dell'Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Floris, Dorothea L, Frouin, Vincent, Hayward, Hannah, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H, Jones, Emily J H, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V, Mason, Luke, Oakley, Bethany, Brandeis, Daniel, et al, Baumeister, Sarah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-0084, Moessnang, Carolin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-2706, Bast, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-207X, Hohmann, Sarah, Aggensteiner, Pascal; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-9044, Kaiser, Anna, Tillmann, Julian, Goyard, David, Charman, Tony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6549, Ambrosino, Sara, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian, Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-9220, Rausch, Annika, Crawley, Daisy, Dell'Acqua, Flavio, Dumas, Guillaume, Durston, Sarah, Ecker, Christine, Floris, Dorothea L, Frouin, Vincent, Hayward, Hannah, Holt, Rosemary, Johnson, Mark H, Jones, Emily J H, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V, Mason, Luke, Oakley, Bethany, Brandeis, Daniel, and et al
- Abstract
Background: Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD. Aims: Utilising a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type (social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD. Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6-30.6 years of age) and 181 typically developing participants (7.6-30.8 years of age). Results: Across social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation of the right ventral striatum in participants with ASD compared with typically developing participants. Further, region of interest analysis across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right ventral striatum. Across delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the ventral striatum in individuals with ASD did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses, post hoc comparisons showed that ASD effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without co-occurring ADHD. Conclusions: Our results do not support current theories linking atypical social interaction in ASD to specific alterations in social reward processing. Instead, they point towards a generalised hypoactivity of ventral striatum in ASD during anticipation of both social and monetary rewards. We suggest this indicates attenuated reward seeking in ASD independent of social content and that elevated ADHD symptoms may attenuate altered reward seeking in ASD.
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- 2023
167. Sensory salience processing moderates attenuated gazes on faces in autism spectrum disorder: a case–control study
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Bast, Nico, Mason, Luke, Ecker, Christine, Baumeister, Sarah, Banaschewski, Tobias, Jones, Emily J H, Murphy, Declan G M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Loth, Eva, Pandina, Gahan, Ahmad, Jumana, Ambrosino, Sara, Auyeung, Bonnie, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beckmann, Christian F, Bölte, Sven, Bourgeron, Thomas, Bours, Carsten, Brammer, Michael, Brandeis, Daniel, Brogna, Claudia, de Bruijn, Yvette, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Charman, Tony, Cornelissen, Ineke, Crawley, Daisy, et al, and University of Zurich
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Eye tracking ,Norepinephrine ,Pupillometry ,Social attention ,Locus coeruleus ,610 Medicine & health ,Computer vision ,Naturalistic visual attention ,Saliency maps ,10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ,Visual exploration ,ASD - Published
- 2023
168. Tackling hypo and hyper sensory processing heterogeneity in autism: From clinical stratification to genetic pathways
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Lefebvre, Aline, Tillmann, Julian, Cliquet, Freddy, Amsellem, Frederique, Maruani, Anna, Leblond, Claire, Beggiato, Anita, Germanaud, David, Amestoy, Anouck, Ly-Le Moal, Myriam, Umbricht, Daniel, Chatham, Christopher, Murtagh, Lorraine, Bouvard, Manuel, Leboyer, Marion, Charman, Tony, Bourgeron, Thomas, Delorme, Richard, Dumas, Guillaume, Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [Robert-Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre hospitalier Fondation Vallée [Gentilly, France] (CHS), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development [Basel] (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche [Basel], Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares / Rare Disease Reference Center for Intellectual Disability [CHU Robert Debré, AP-HP], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux], Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Institut ROCHE [Boulogne-Billancourt], Roche S.A.S, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Pôle de Psychiatrie [Hôpital Henri Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, King‘s College London, Service psychiatrique de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Hôpital Robert Debré], Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], APHP, Autism Speaks, Autistica and Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, DHU protect, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations, European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies, European Union's Horizon 2020, European Union's Seventh Framework Program, Grant/Award Number: FP7/2007-2013, Fondation a la Recherche Medicale, Fondation de France, Fondation FondaMental, French National Center for Scientific Research, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 ANR-10-COHO-10-01 ANR-12-SAMA-0014, Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking Grant, Grant/Award Number: 777394, Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking, Grant/Award Number: 115300, Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking Grant, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Grant/Award Number: C07-33, Investissements d'Avenir program, Labex BioPsy, Medical Research Foundation, Roche Institute for Research and Translational Medicine, EU-AIMS LEAP group, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-12-SAMA-0014,AutoMobil,Encéphalite avec autoanticorps anti-récepteurs synaptiques : un nouveau modèle de troubles psychotiques(2012), ANR-10-COHO-0010,Psy-COH,FondaMental-Cohortes(2010), European Project: 115300,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,IMI-JU-03-2010,EU-AIMS(2012), European Project: 777394,H2020-JTI-IMI2-2016-10-two-stage,AIMS-2-TRIALS(2018), European Project: AIMS-2-TRIALS, Cliquet, Freddy, Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche - - SUPER2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0004 - IDEX - VALID, Santé Mentale et Addictions - Encéphalite avec autoanticorps anti-récepteurs synaptiques : un nouveau modèle de troubles psychotiques - - AutoMobil2012 - ANR-12-SAMA-0014 - SAMENTA - VALID, Cohortes - FondaMental-Cohortes - - Psy-COH2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0010 - COHO - VALID, European Autism Interventions - A Multicentre Study for Developing New Medications - EU-AIMS - - EC:FP7:SP1-JTI2012-04-01 - 2017-03-31 - 115300 - VALID, and Autism Innovative Medicine Studies-2-Trials - AIMS-2-TRIALS - INCOMING
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GABA/glutamatergic pathway ,excitation and inhibition balance ,General Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,autism ,sensory profile ,autism spectrum disorder ,Neurology (clinical) ,clinical marker ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
International audience; As an integral part of autism spectrum symptoms, sensory processing issues including both hypo and hyper sensory sensitivities. These sensory specificities may result from an excitation/inhibition imbalance with a poorly understood of their level of convergence with genetic alterations in GABA-ergic and glutamatergic pathways. In our study, we aimed to characterize the hypo/hyper-sensory profile among autistic individuals. We then explored its link with the burden of deleterious mutations in a subset of individuals with available whole-genome sequencing data. To characterize the hypo/hyper-sensory profile, the differential Short Sensory Profile (dSSP) was defined as a normalized and centralized hypo/hypersensitivity ratio from the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Including 1136 participants (533 autistic individuals, 210 first-degree relatives, and 267 controls) from two independent study samples (PARIS and LEAP), we observed a statistically significant dSSP mean difference between autistic individuals and controls, driven mostly by a high dSSP variability, with an intermediated profile represented by relatives. Our genetic analysis tended to associate the dSSP and the hyposensitivity with mutations of the GABAergic pathway. The major limitation was the dSSP difficulty to discriminate subjects with a similar quantum of hypo- and hyper-sensory symptoms to those with no such symptoms, resulting both in a similar ratio score of 0. However, the dSSP could be a relevant clinical score, and combined with additional sensory descriptions, genetics and endophenotypic substrates, will improve the exploration of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of sensory processing differences in autism spectrum.
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- 2023
169. Poverty and the Growth of Emotional and Conduct Problems in Children with Autism with and without Comorbid ADHD
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Flouri, Eirini, Midouhas, Emily, Charman, Tony, and Sarmadi, Zahra
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We investigated the longitudinal relationship between socio-economic disadvantage (SED) and trajectories of emotional and conduct problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; ASD + ADHD) or not (ASD-DHD). The sample was 209 children with ASD who took part in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Trajectories of problems across ages 3, 5 and 7 years were analyzed using growth curve models. The ASD-ADHD group decreased in conduct problems over time but the ASD + ADHD group continued on a high trajectory. Although SED was not a risk factor for ASD + ADHD, it was associated with elevated emotional problems among children with ASD + ADHD. This effect of SED on emotional problems was not attenuated by parenting or peer problems.
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- 2015
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170. Comparing Service Use and Costs among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Special Needs and Typical Development
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Barrett, Barbara, Mosweu, Iris, Jones, Catherine R. G., Charman, Tony, Baird, Gillian, Simonoff, Emily, Pickles, Andrew, Happé, Francesca, and Byford, Sarah
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a complex condition that requires specialised care. Knowledge of the costs of autism spectrum disorder, especially in comparison with other conditions, may be useful to galvanise policymakers and leverage investment in education and intervention to mitigate aspects of autism spectrum disorder that negatively impact individuals with the disorder and their families. This article describes the services and associated costs for four groups of individuals: adolescents with autistic disorder, adolescents with other autism spectrum disorders, adolescents with other special educational needs and typically developing adolescents using data from a large, well-characterised cohort assessed as part of the UK Special Needs and Autism Project at the age of 12 years. Average total costs per participant over 6 months were highest in the autistic disorder group (£11,029), followed by the special educational needs group (£9268), the broader autism spectrum disorder group (£8968) and the typically developing group (£2954). Specialised day or residential schooling accounted for the vast majority of costs. In regression analysis, lower age and lower adaptive functioning were associated with higher costs in the groups with an autism spectrum disorder. Sex, ethnicity, number of International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) symptoms, autism spectrum disorder symptom scores and levels of mental health difficulties were not associated with cost.
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- 2015
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171. Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) Algorithms for Toddlers and Young Preschoolers: Application in a Non-US Sample of 1,104 Children
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de Bildt, Annelies, Sytema, Sjoerd, Zander, Eric, Bölte, Sven, Sturm, Harald, Yirmiya, Nurit, Yaari, Maya, Charman, Tony, Salomone, Erica, LeCouteur, Ann, Green, Jonathan, Bedia, Ricardo Canal, Primo, Patricia García, van Daalen, Emma, de Jonge, Maretha V., Guðmundsdóttir, Emilía, Jóhannsdóttir, Sigurrós, Raleva, Marija, Boskovska, Meri, Rogé, Bernadette, Baduel, Sophie, Moilanen, Irma, Yliherva, Anneli, Buitelaar, Jan, and Oosterling, Iris J.
- Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) algorithms for toddlers and young preschoolers (Kim and Lord, "J Autism Dev Disord" 42(1):82-93, 2012) in a non-US sample from ten sites in nine countries (n = 1,104). The construct validity indicated a good fit of the algorithms. The diagnostic validity was lower, with satisfactorily high specificities but moderate sensitivities. Young children with clinical ASD and lower language ability were largely in the mild-to-moderate or moderate-to-severe concern ranges of the ADI-R, nearly half of the older and phrase speech ASD-group fell into the little-to-no concern range. Although broadly the findings support the toddler algorithms, further work is required to understand why they might have different properties in different samples to further inform research and clinical use.
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- 2015
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172. Brief Report: Coherent Motion Processing in Autism: Is Dot Lifetime an Important Parameter?
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Manning, Catherine, Charman, Tony, and Pellicano, Elizabeth
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Contrasting reports of "reduced" and "intact" sensitivity to coherent motion in autistic individuals may be attributable to stimulus parameters. Here, we investigated whether dot lifetime contributes to elevated thresholds in children with autism. We presented a standard motion coherence task to 31 children with autism and 31 typical children, with both limited and unlimited lifetime conditions. Overall, children had higher thresholds in the limited lifetime condition than in the unlimited lifetime condition. However, children with autism were affected by this manipulation to the same extent as typical children and were equally sensitive to coherent motion. Our results suggest that dot lifetime is not a critical stimulus parameter and speak against pervasive difficulties in coherent motion perception in children with autism.
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- 2015
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173. Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children with Language Impairments and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Charman, Tony, Ricketts, Jessie, Dockrell, Julie E., Lindsay, Geoff, and Palikara, Olympia
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Background: Although it is well-established that children with language impairment (LI) and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) both show elevated levels of emotional and behavioural problems, the level and types of difficulties across the two groups have not previously been directly compared. Aims: To compare levels of emotional and behavioural problems in children with LI and children with ASD recruited from the same mainstream schools. Methods & Procedures: We measured teacher-reported emotional and behavioural problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a sample of 5-13-year-old children with LI (N = 62) and children with ASD (N = 42) attending mainstream school but with identified special educational needs. Outcomes & Results: Both groups showed similarly elevated levels of emotional, conduct and hyperactivity problems. The only differences between the LI and ASD groups were on subscales assessing peer problems (which were higher in the ASD group) and prosocial behaviours (which were higher in the LI group). Overall, there were few associations between emotional and behavioural problems and child characteristics, reflecting the pervasive nature of these difficulties in children with LI and children with ASD, although levels of problems were higher in children with ASD with lower language ability. However, in the ASD group only, a measure of family social economic status was associated with language ability and attenuated the association between language ability and emotional and behavioural problems. Conclusions & Implications: Children with LI and children with ASD in mainstream school show similarly elevated levels of emotional and behavioural problems, which require monitoring and may benefit from intervention. Further work is required to identify the child, family and situational factors that place children with LI and children with ASD at risk of emotional and behavioural problems, and whether these differ between the two groups. This work can then guide the application of evidence-based interventions to these children.
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- 2015
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174. Latent trajectories of adaptive behaviour in infants at high and low familial risk for autism spectrum disorder
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Bussu, Giorgia, Jones, Emily J. H., Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark H., Buitelaar, Jan K., and BASIS Team
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- 2019
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175. Unique dynamic profiles of social attention in autistic females
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Del Bianco, Teresa, Mason, Luke, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Loth, Eva, Tillmann, Julian, Charman, Tony, Hayward, Hannah, Gleissl, Teresa, Buitelaar, Jan K, Murphy, Declan GM, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bölte, Sven, Johnson, Mark H, Jones, Emily JH, EU-AIMS LEAP Group, Del Bianco, Teresa [0000-0002-7162-0042], Lai, Meng-Chuan [0000-0002-9593-5508], Charman, Tony [0000-0003-1993-6549], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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eye-tracking ,sex differences ,Adult ,Sex Characteristics ,Adolescent ,Autism ,psyc ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,female ,male ,social attention ,Humans ,Learning ,Attention ,Autistic Disorder ,Child - Abstract
Funder: Medical Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, BACKGROUND: Social attention affords learning opportunities across development and may contribute to individual differences in developmental trajectories, such as between male and female individuals, and in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism. METHODS: Using eye-tracking, we measured social attention in a large cohort of autistic (n = 123) and nonautistic females (n = 107), and autistic (n = 330) and nonautistic males (n = 204), aged 6-30 years. Using mixed Growth Curve Analysis, we modelled sex and diagnostic effects on the temporal dynamics of proportional looking time to three types of social stimuli (lean-static, naturalistic-static, and naturalistic-dynamic) and examined the link between individual differences and dimensional social and nonsocial autistic traits in autistic females and males. RESULTS: In the lean-static stimulus, average face-looking was higher in females than in males of both autistic and nonautistic groups. Differences in the dynamic pattern of face-looking were seen in autistic vs. nonautistic females, but not males, with face-looking peaking later in the trial in autistic females. In the naturalistic-dynamic stimulus, average face-looking was higher in females than in males of both groups; changes in the dynamic pattern of face looking were seen in autistic vs. nonautistic males, but not in females, with a steeper peak in nonautistic males. Lower average face-looking was associated with higher observer-measured autistic characteristics in autistic females, but not in males. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we found stronger social attention in females to a similar degree in both autistic and nonautistic groups. Nonetheless, the dynamic profiles of social attention differed in different ways in autistic females and males compared to their nonautistic peers, and autistic traits predicted trends of average face-looking in autistic females. These findings support the role of social attention in the emergence of sex-related differences in autistic characteristics, suggesting an avenue to phenotypic stratification.
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- 2022
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176. EEG functional connectivity in infants at elevated familial likelihood for autism spectrum disorder.
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O'Reilly, Christian, Huberty, Scott, van Noordt, Stefon, Desjardins, James, Wright, Nicky, Scorah, Julie, Webb, Sara Jane, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick, Chandler, Susie, Charman, Tony, Fernandes, Janice, Garwood, Holly, Hudryx, Kristelle, Johnson, Mark H., Tucker, Leslie, and Volein, Agnes
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AUTISM spectrum disorders ,FUNCTIONAL connectivity ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,INFANTS - Abstract
Background: Many studies have reported that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical structural and functional connectivity. However, we know relatively little about the development of these differences in infancy. Methods: We used a high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset pooled from two independent infant sibling cohorts, to characterize such neurodevelopmental deviations during the first years of life. EEG was recorded at 6 and 12 months of age in infants at typical (N = 92) or elevated likelihood for ASD (N = 90), determined by the presence of an older sibling with ASD. We computed the functional connectivity between cortical sources of EEG during video watching using the corrected imaginary part of phase-locking values. Results: Our main analysis found no significant association between functional connectivity and ASD, showing only significant effects for age, sex, age-sex interaction, and site. Given these null results, we performed an exploratory analysis and observed, at 12 months, a negative correlation between functional connectivity and ADOS calibrated severity scores for restrictive and repetitive behaviors (RRB). Limitations: The small sample of ASD participants inherent to sibling studies limits diagnostic group comparisons. Also, results from our secondary exploratory analysis should be considered only as potential relationships to further explore, given their increased vulnerability to false positives. Conclusions: These results are inconclusive concerning an association between EEG functional connectivity and ASD in infancy. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary support for a relationship between RRB and functional connectivity specifically, but these preliminary observations need corroboration on larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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177. Infant sleep predicts trajectories of social attention and later autism traits.
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Begum‐Ali, Jannath, Gossé, Louisa K., Mason, Luke, Pasco, Greg, Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark H., Jones, Emily J.H., Agyapong, Mary, Bazelmans, Tessel, Dafner, Leila, Ersoy, Mutluhan, Gliga, Teodora, Goodwin, Amy, Haartsen, Rianne, Halkola, Hanna, Hendry, Alexandra, Holman, Rebecca, Kalwarowsky, Sarah, Kolesnik, Anna, and Lloyd‐Fox, Sarah
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AUTISM risk factors ,SLEEP ,RISK assessment ,SLEEP disorders ,ATTENTION ,CHILD psychopathology ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep disturbances, but little is known about when these sleep differences emerge and how they relate to later development. Methods: We used a prospective longitudinal design in infants with a family history of ASD and/or ADHD to examine infant sleep and its relation to trajectories of attention and later neurodevelopmental disorders. We formed factors of Day and Night Sleep from parent‐reported measures (including day/night sleep duration, number of naps in the day, frequency of night awakenings and sleep onset problems). We examined sleep in 164 infants at 5‐, 10‐ and 14‐months with/without a first‐degree relative with ASD and/or ADHD who underwent a consensus clinical assessment for ASD at age 3. Results: By 14‐months, infants with a first‐degree relative with ASD (but not ADHD) showed lower Night Sleep scores than infants with no family history of ASD; lower Night Sleep scores in infancy were also associated with a later ASD diagnosis, decreased cognitive ability, increased ASD symptomatology at 3‐years, and developing social attention (e.g., looking to faces). We found no such effects with Day Sleep. Conclusions: Sleep disturbances may be apparent at night from 14‐months in infants with a family history of ASD and also those with later ASD, but were not associated with a family history of ADHD. Infant sleep disturbances were also linked to later dimensional variation in cognitive and social skills across the cohort. Night Sleep and Social Attention were interrelated over the first 2 years of life, suggesting that this may be one mechanism through which sleep quality influences neurodevelopment. Interventions targeted towards supporting families with their infant's sleep problems may be useful in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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178. Executive function profiles of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
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Christoforou, Marina, primary, Jones, Emily J. H., additional, White, Philippa, additional, and Charman, Tony, additional
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- 2023
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179. Do children with specific language impairment and autism spectrum disorders benefit from the presence of orthography when learning new spoken words?
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Ricketts, Jessie, Dockrell, Julie E., Patel, Nita, Charman, Tony, and Lindsay, Geoff
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- 2015
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180. Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings
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Gammer, Isobel, Bedford, Rachael, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Garwood, Holly, Pasco, Greg, Tucker, Leslie, Volein, Agnes, Johnson, Mark H., and Charman, Tony
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- 2015
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181. Parent-mediated intervention versus no intervention for infants at high risk of autism: a parallel, single-blind, randomised trial
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Green, Jonathan, Charman, Tony, Pickles, Andrew, Wan, Ming W, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Slonims, Vicky, Taylor, Carol, McNally, Janet, Booth, Rhonda, Gliga, Teodora, Jones, Emily J H, Harrop, Clare, Bedford, Rachael, and Johnson, Mark H
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- 2015
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182. How do autistic people fare in adult life and can we predict it from childhood?
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Forbes, Gordon, primary, Kent, Rachel, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Baird, Gillian, additional, Pickles, Andrew, additional, and Simonoff, Emily, additional
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- 2022
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183. Connectome-wide mega-analysis reveals robust patterns of atypical functional connectivity in autism
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Ilioska, Iva, primary, Oldehinkel, Marianne, additional, Llera, Alberto, additional, Chopra, Sidhant, additional, Looden, Tristan, additional, Chauvin, Roselyne, additional, Van Rooij, Daan, additional, Floris, Dorothea L., additional, Tillmann, Julian, additional, Moessnang, Carolin, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Holt, Rosemary J., additional, Loth, Eva, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Murphy, Declan G.M., additional, Ecker, Christine, additional, Mennes, Maarten, additional, Beckmann, Christian F., additional, Fornito, Alex, additional, and Buitelaar, Jan K., additional
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- 2022
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184. The roles of sensory hyper and hyposensitivity in infancy in understanding later anxiety and emerging autistic traits
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Narverkar, Nisha, primary, Carter Leno, Virginia Madeleine, additional, Pasco, Greg, additional, Johnson, Mark Henry, additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, Charman, Tony, additional, and Team, BASIS/STAARS, additional
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- 2022
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185. Infant Excitation/Inhibition Balance Interacts with Executive Attention to Predict Autistic Traits in Childhood
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Carter Leno, Virginia Madeleine, primary, Ali, Jannath Begum, additional, Goodwin, Amy, additional, Mason, Luke, additional, Pasco, Greg, additional, Pickles, Andrew, additional, GARG, SHRUTI, additional, Green, Jonathan, additional, Charman, Tony, additional, Johnson, Mark Henry, additional, Jones, Emily J.H., additional, and Team, BASIS/STAARS, additional
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- 2022
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186. The effect of perinatal interventions on parent anxiety, infant socio‐emotional development and parent‐infant relationship outcomes: A systematic review
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Smith, Celia G., primary, Jones, Emily J. H., additional, Wass, Sam V., additional, Jacobs, Dean, additional, Fitzpatrick, Cassie, additional, and Charman, Tony, additional
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- 2022
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187. Patterns of sensory responsiveness in infants and toddlers at elevated and typical likelihood of ASD
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van der Wielen, Brenda, Pijl, Mirjam, Warreyn, Petra, de Bildt, Annelies, Boterberg, Sofie, Falck-Ytter, Terje, van den Boomen, Carlijn, Jones, Emily, van Dongen, Martine, Staal, Wouter, Johnson, Mark, Charman, Tony, Narverkar, Nisha, Roeyers, Herbert, and Ali, Jannath
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FOS: Psychology ,Autism Spectrum Disorders ,Developmental Psychology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Child Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Sensory responsiveness - Abstract
The primary goal of this project is to investigate early patterns of sensory responsiveness (SR) over time, assessed via parent report, in a large sample of young children with an elevated likelihood (EL) of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and children with a typical likelihood (TL) of ASD. In the current proposal, SR was operationalized by the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP | Dunn, 2002), based on the model of Dunn. This model is one of the most recognized models and assumes an interaction between neurological thresholds and behavioral responses (Dunn, 1997). Both thresholds and behavioral responses may differ based on the different sensory modalities (i.e. visual, auditory, vestibular, tactile, and oral processing). Individuals with low threshold patterns are often described as hyperresponsive, whereas individuals with high threshold patterns are often called hyporesponsive. During the last decades a growing body of literature has focused on the relation between SR and ASD at a very young age (e.g. Damiano-Goodwin et al., 2018; Jones, Dawson, & Webb, 2018; Niedzwiecka, Domasiewicz, Kawa, Tomalski, & Pisula, 2019). These studies indicate that children with ASD, as compared to typically developing groups, show atypical sensory profiles. These atypical profiles already emerge early in life (Wolff et al., 2019), possibly before social-communicative symptoms of ASD can be measured. Although evidence is growing, we know relatively little about how SR changes over time, especially across the first years of life, and how patterns may differ within the group of young children (subsequently) diagnosed with ASD. Most research on sensory patterns in ASD has focused on between-group comparisons of sensory symptom severity in individuals with ASD to those with typical development or other developmental delays, and did not focus on sensory patterns within the ASD population. Given that SR patterns may differ within the EL and TL groups, we are interested in studying who follows which sensory pattern by identifying subgroups within the EL and TL group together, investigating how these subgroups compare to each other, and what the characteristics are of children with specific patterns.
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- 2023
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188. Additional file 1 of Infant excitation/inhibition balance interacts with executive attention to predict autistic traits in childhood
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Carter Leno, Virginia, Begum-Ali, Jannath, Goodwin, Amy, Mason, Luke, Pasco, Greg, Pickles, Andrew, Garg, Shruti, Green, Jonathan, Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark H., and Jones, Emily J. H.
- Abstract
Additional file 1: Supplementary Materials.
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- 2023
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189. sj-pdf-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231153694 – Supplemental material for Factors associated with mental health symptoms among UK autistic children and young people and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Palmer, Melanie, Chandler, Susie, Carter Leno, Virginia, Mgaieth, Farah, Yorke, Isabel, Hollocks, Matthew, Pickles, Andrew, Slonims, Vicky, Scott, Stephen, Charman, Tony, and Simonoff, Emily
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FOS: Psychology ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified ,111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified ,FOS: Educational sciences ,110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy) ,FOS: Health sciences ,130312 Special Education and Disability ,Education - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231153694 for Factors associated with mental health symptoms among UK autistic children and young people and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic by Melanie Palmer, Susie Chandler, Virginia Carter Leno, Farah Mgaieth, Isabel Yorke, Matthew Hollocks, Andrew Pickles, Vicky Slonims, Stephen Scott, Tony Charman and Emily Simonoff in Autism
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- 2023
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190. Brief Report: DSM-5 Sensory Behaviours in Children With and Without an Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Green, Dido, Chandler, Susie, Charman, Tony, Simonoff, Emily, and Baird, Gillian
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Senses and sensation -- Psychological aspects ,Autistic children -- Psychological aspects ,Health - Abstract
Atypical responses to sensory stimuli are a new criterion in DSM-5 for the diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but are also reported in other developmental disorders. Using the Short Sensory profile (SSP) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised we compared atypical sensory behaviour (hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual sensory interests) in children aged 10-14 years with (N = 116) or without an ASD but with special educational needs (SEN; N = 72). Atypical sensory behaviour was reported in 92 % of ASD and 67 % of SEN children. Greater sensory dysfunction was associated with increased autism severity (specifically restricted and repetitive behaviours) and behaviour problems (specifically emotional subscore) on teacher and parent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires but not with IQ., Author(s): Dido Green[sup.1] , Susie Chandler[sup.2] , Tony Charman[sup.3] , Emily Simonoff[sup.2] [sup.5] , Gillian Baird[sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) Centre for Rehabilitation, Oxford Brookes University, Marston Road Campus, Jack Straw's [...]
- Published
- 2016
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191. What Should Autism Research Focus Upon? Community Views and Priorities from the United Kingdom
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Pellicano, Elizabeth, Dinsmore, Adam, and Charman, Tony
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The rise in the measured prevalence of autism has been accompanied by much new research and research investment internationally. This study sought to establish whether the pattern of current UK autism research funding maps on to the concerns of the autism community. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with autistic adults, family members, practitioners and researchers to identify their priorities for research. We also captured the views of a large number of stakeholders via an online survey. There was a clear disparity between the United Kingdom's pattern of funding for autism research and the priorities articulated by the majority of participants. There was general consensus that future priorities for autism research should lie in those areas that make a difference to people's day-to-day lives. There needs to be greater involvement of the autism community both in priority setting and in research more broadly to ensure that resources reach where they are most needed and can make the most impact.
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- 2014
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192. Face Engagement during Infancy Predicts Later Face Recognition Ability in Younger Siblings of Children with Autism
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de Klerk, Carina C. J. M., Gliga, Teodora, and Charman, Tony
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Face recognition difficulties are frequently documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It has been hypothesized that these difficulties result from a reduced interest in faces early in life, leading to decreased cortical specialization and atypical development of the neural circuitry for face processing. However, a recent study by our lab demonstrated that infants at increased familial risk for ASD, irrespective of their diagnostic status at 3 years, exhibit a clear orienting response to faces. The present study was conducted as a follow-up on the same cohort to investigate how measures of early engagement with faces relate to face-processing abilities later in life. We also investigated whether face recognition difficulties are specifically related to an ASD diagnosis, or whether they are present at a higher rate in all those at familial risk. At 3 years we found a reduced ability to recognize unfamiliar faces in the high-risk group that was not specific to those children who received an ASD diagnosis, consistent with face recognition difficulties being an endophenotype of the disorder. Furthermore, we found that longer looking at faces at 7 months was associated with poorer performance on the face recognition task at 3 years in the high-risk group. These findings suggest that longer looking at faces in infants at risk for ASD might reflect early face-processing difficulties and predicts difficulties with recognizing faces later in life. [The BASIS team members who contributed to the writing of this article are: Simon Baron-Cohen, Patrick Bolton, Susie Chandler, Janice Fernandes, Mayada Elsabbagh, Holly Garwood, Kristelle Hudry, Greg Pasco, Andrew Pickles, Leslie Tucker, and Agnes Volein.]
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- 2014
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193. Additive Effects of Social and Non-Social Attention during Infancy Relate to Later Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Bedford, Rachael, Pickles, Andrew, Gliga, Teodora, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Charman, Tony, and Johnson, Mark H.
- Abstract
Emerging findings from studies with infants at familial high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), owing to an older sibling with a diagnosis, suggest that those who go on to develop ASD show early impairments in the processing of stimuli with both social and non-social content. Although ASD is defined by social-communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviours, the majority of cognitive theories of ASD posit a single underlying factor, which over development has secondary effects across domains. This is the first high-risk study to statistically differentiate theoretical models of the development of ASD in high-risk siblings using multiple risk factors. We examined the prediction of ASD outcome by attention to social and non-social stimuli: gaze following and attentional disengagement assessed at 13 months in low-risk controls and high-risk ASD infants (who were subsequently diagnosed with ASD at 3 years). When included in the same regression model, these 13-month measures independently predicted ASD outcome at 3 years of age. The data were best described by an additive model, suggesting that non-social attention, disengagement, and social attention as evidenced by gaze following, have a cumulative impact on ASD risk. These data argue against cognitive theories of ASD which propose that a single underlying factor has cascading effects across early development leading to an ASD outcome, and support multiple impairment models of ASD that are more consistent with recent genetic and neurobiological evidence. [Members of the BASIS Team who also contributed to the writing of this article are as follows: Simon Baron-Cohen, Patrick Bolton, Susie Chandler, Janice Fernandes, Holly Garwood, Kristelle Hudry, Greg Pasco, Leslie Tucker, and Agnes Volein.]
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- 2014
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194. Motor Development in Children at Risk of Autism: A Follow-Up Study of Infant Siblings
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Leonard, Hayley C., Bedford, Rachael, Charman, Tony, Elsabbagh, Mayada, Johnson, Mark H., and Hill, Elisabeth L.
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Recently, evidence of poor or atypical motor skills in autism spectrum disorder has led some to argue that motor impairment is a core feature of the condition. The current study uses a longitudinal prospective design to assess the development of motor skills of 20 children at increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorder, who were recruited and tested at 9 and 40 months of age, on the basis of having an older sibling diagnosed with the condition. All children completed a range of motor, face processing, IQ and diagnostic assessments at a follow-up visit (aged 5-7 years), providing a detailed profile of development in this group from a number of standardised, parental report and experimental measures. A higher proportion of children than expected demonstrated motor difficulties at the follow-up visit and those highlighted by parental report as having poor motor skills as infants and toddlers were also more likely to have lower face processing scores and elevated autism-related social symptoms at 5-7 years, despite having similar IQ levels. These data lend support to the argument that early motor difficulties may be a risk factor for later motor impairment as well as differences in social communication and cognition, traits that are related to autism spectrum disorder.
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- 2014
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195. Spontaneous Belief Attribution in Younger Siblings of Children on the Autism Spectrum
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Gliga, Teodora, Senju, Atsushi, Pettinato, Michèle, Charman, Tony, and Johnson, Mark H.
- Abstract
The recent development in the measurements of spontaneous mental state understanding, employing eye-movements instead of verbal responses, has opened new opportunities for understanding the developmental origin of "mind-reading" impairments frequently described in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our main aim was to characterize the relationship between mental state understanding and the broader autism phenotype, early in childhood. An eye-tracker was used to capture anticipatory looking as a measure of false beliefs attribution in 3-year-old children with a family history of autism (at-risk participants, n 47) and controls (control participants, n 39). Unlike controls, the at-risk group, independent of their clinical outcome (ASD, broader autism phenotype or typically developing), performed at chance. Performance was not related to children's verbal or general IQ, nor was it explained by children "missing out" on crucial information, as shown by an analysis of visual scanning during the task. We conclude that difficulties with using mental state understanding for action prediction may be an endophenotype of autism spectrum disorders.
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- 2014
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196. Investigating the Cross-Cultural Validity of 'DSM-5' Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from Finnish and UK Samples
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Mandy, William, Charman, Tony, Puura, Kaija, and Skuse, David
- Abstract
The recent "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition" ("DSM-5") reformulation of autism spectrum disorder has received empirical support from North American and UK samples. Autism spectrum disorder is an increasingly global diagnosis, and research is needed to discover how well it generalises beyond North America and the United Kingdom. We tested the applicability of the "DSM-5" model to a sample of Finnish young people with autism spectrum disorder (n = 130) or the broader autism phenotype (n = 110). Confirmatory factor analysis tested the "DSM-5" model in Finland and compared the fit of this model between Finnish and UK participants (autism spectrum disorder, n = 488; broader autism phenotype, n = 220). In both countries, autistic symptoms were measured using the Developmental, Diagnostic and Dimensional Interview. Replicating findings from English-speaking samples, the "DSM-5" model fitted well in Finnish autism spectrum disorder participants, outperforming a "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition" ("DSM-IV") model. The "DSM-5" model fitted equally well in Finnish and UK autism spectrum disorder samples. Among broader autism phenotype participants, this model fitted well in the United Kingdom but poorly in Finland, suggesting that cross-cultural variability may be greatest for milder autistic characteristics. We encourage researchers with data from other cultures to emulate our methodological approach, to map any cultural variability in the manifestation of autism spectrum disorder and the broader autism phenotype. This would be especially valuable given the ongoing revision of the "International Classification of Diseases-11th Edition," the most global of the diagnostic manuals.
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- 2014
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197. Early Diagnosis
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Charman, Tony and Volkmar, Fred R., editor
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- 2013
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198. Parent-Reported Gastro-Intestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Chandler, Susie, Carcani-Rathwell, Iris, and Charman, Tony
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate whether parentally-reported gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms are increased in a population-derived sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared to controls. Participants included 132 children with ASD and 81 with special educational needs (SEN) but no ASD, aged 10-14 years plus 82 typically developing (TD) children. Data were collected on GI symptoms, diet, cognitive abilities, and developmental histories. Nearly half (weighted rate 46.5%) of children with ASD had at least one individual lifetime GI symptom compared with 21.8% of TD children and 29.2% of those with SEN. Children with ASD had more past and current GI symptoms than TD or SEN groups although fewer current symptoms were reported in all groups compared with the past. The ASD group had significantly increased past vomiting and diarrhoea compared with the TD group and more abdominal pain than the SEN group. The ASD group had more current constipation (when defined as bowel movement less than three times per week) and soiling than either the TD or SEN groups. No association was found between GI symptoms and intellectual ability, ASD severity, ASD regression or limited or faddy diet. Parents report more GI symptoms in children with ASD than children with either SEN or TD children but the frequency of reported symptoms is greater in the past than currently in all groups.
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- 2013
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199. Altered theta-beta ratio in infancy associates with family history of ADHD and later ADHD-relevant temperamental traits
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Begum-Ali, Jannath, Goodwin, Amy, Mason, Luke, Pasco, Greg, Charman, Tony, Johnson, Mark H, Jones, Emily JH, STAARS Team, Begum-Ali, Jannath [0000-0002-8853-0537], Goodwin, Amy [0000-0003-2585-8452], Pasco, Greg [0000-0003-0290-6124], Charman, Tony [0000-0003-1993-6549], Johnson, Mark H [0000-0003-4229-2585], Jones, Emily JH [0000-0001-5747-9540], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Infant ,Electroencephalography ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,mental disorders ,theta-beta ratio ,Humans ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,infancy ,Theta Rhythm ,Child - Abstract
Funder: European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013322, Funder: Autistica; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011706, Funder: Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014370, Funder: Autism Speaks; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000073, BACKGROUND: Uncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires studying brain development prior to the emergence of behavioural difficulties. One new approach to this is prospective studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of developing ADHD. METHODS: We used a prospective design to examine an oscillatory electroencephalography profile that has been widely studied in both children and adults with ADHD - the balance between lower and higher frequencies operationalised as the theta-beta ratio (TBR). In the present study, we examined TBR in 136 10-month-old infants (72 male and 64 female) with/without an elevated likelihood of developing ADHD and/or a comparison disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD). RESULTS: Infants with a first-degree relative with ADHD demonstrated lower TBR than infants without a first-degree relative with ADHD. Further, lower TBR at 10 months was positively associated with temperament dimensions conceptually related to ADHD at 2 years. TBR was not altered in infants with a family history of ASD. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that alterations in TBR are present prior to behavioural symptoms of ADHD. However, these alterations manifest differently than those sometimes observed in older children with an ADHD diagnosis. Importantly, altered TBR was not seen in infants at elevated likelihood of developing ASD, suggesting a degree of specificity to ADHD. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that there are brain changes associated with a family history of ADHD observable in the first year of life.
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- 2022
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200. Parent report of control of attention in infants with and without familial history of ASD
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Hendry, Alexandra, Bedford, Rachael, Jones, Emily, and Charman, Tony
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- 2022
- Full Text
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