Search

The vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on sliding mode observer (SMO) is studied in this paper. On the basis of analyzing the traditional sliding mode observer, an improved sliding mode observer is proposed. Firstly, by using the hyperbolic tangent function instead of the traditional symbol function, the chattering of the system is suppressed. Secondly, a low pass filter which has the variable cutoff frequency along with the rotor speed is designed to reduce the phase delay. Then, by using Kalman filter, it could make back EMF information more smoothly. Finally, in order to obtain accurate position and velocity information, the method of phase-locked loop (PLL) is proposed to estimate the position and speed of the rotor. The simulation results show that the new algorithm can not only improve the accuracy of the position and speed estimation of the rotor but reduce the chattering of the system.

Novel CdS and Bi2S3 hollow nanospheres were prepared by simple “one-pot” biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal method using glutathione (GSH) as sulfur source and structure-directing reagents. The single-phase CdS and Bi2S3 photocatalysts were capable of evolving H2 from aqueous solutions containing a sacrificial electron donor, under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm) with Pt co-catalyst. A possible formation mechanism of complexation, S-C bond rupture, and spherical aggregate followed isotropic Ostwal ripening or anisotropic Ostwal ripening was proposed in this study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between gene expression of nutrient (amino acid, peptide, sodium and proton) transporters in the small intestine and embryonic growth in domestic pigeons (Co- lumba livia). One hundred and twenty-five fertilized eggs were randomly assigned into five groups and were incubated under optimal conditions (temperature of 38.1 °C and relative humidity of 55%). Twenty embryos/birds from each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on embryonic day (E) 9, 11, 13, 15 and day of hatch (DOH). The eggs, embryos (without yolk sac), and organs (head, brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidney, gizzard, small intestine, legs, and thorax) were dissected, cleaned, and weighed. Small intestine samples were collected for RNA isolation. The mRNA abundance of intestinal nutrient transporters was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain re- action (RT-PCR). We classified these ten organs into four types according to the changes in relative weight during embryonic development. In addition, the gene expression of nutrient transporters was differentially regulated by em- bryonic day. The mRNA abundances of b 0,+ AT, EAAT3, y + LAT2, PepT1, LAT4, NHE2, and NHE3 increased linearly with age, whereas mRNA abundances of CAT1, CAT2, LAT1, EAAT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2 were increased to higher levels on E9 or E11 and then decreased to lower levels until DOH. The results of correlation analysis showed that the gene expressions of b 0,+ AT, EAAT3, PepT1, LAT4, NHE2, NHE3, and y + LAT2 had positive correlations with body weight (0.71

This article examines developments in the legal framework intended to entrench and protect equal rights for women. The author then considers the reasons, legal and practical, why the ideals set out in the legislation fall far short in practice. The author also discusses a practical program in which she has been involved that has been undertaken to educate citizens and officials at the local level about accepting and, more important, embracing the principles set out in the Law of the PRC on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women.

UNLABELLED Thermotolerant strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened for their suitability for silage making at high temperatures. Four selected strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing analyses and added to unwilted and wilted Italian ryegrass for ensiling at 45°C. All four strains (HT1, HT2, HT3 and HT4) grew at 50°C and pH 4·0. Strains HT1 and HT2 were identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus; HT3 and HT4 were identified as Lact. fermentum. Strains HT1 and HT2 were the most effective at improving the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage, irrespective of wilting, as indicated by lower pH values, less NH(3) -N, and more lactic acid. In contrast, strains HT3, HT4 and a commercial inoculant consisting of Lact. plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici conferred no or reduced benefits. Wilting alone did not improve the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass at 45°C. Inoculating with thermotolerant Lact. rhamnosus HT1 and HT2 could improve the fermentation quality of silage at high temperatures. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HT1 and HT2 can be used as inoculants for silage making in the tropics and subtropics and could play an important role in developing silage production in such regions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Grasses are often difficult to ensile in the tropics and subtropics because of the high temperatures there. To solve this problem, we screened for thermotolerant lactic acid bacteria and obtained two valuable strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, HT1 and HT2, which proved to be beneficial to silage fermentation at high temperatures. Lactobacillus rhamnosus HT1 and HT2 can be used as inoculants for silage making in the tropics and subtropics, and will play an important role in developing silage production in such regions.

A new binary vector, pAM12-S1m, harboring the aroAM12 gene encoding for 5-enolpyruvyl- shikimate- 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and a synthetic recombinant BtS1m toxin gene consisting of 331 N-terminal amino acids of CryIAc and 284 C-terminal amino acids of CryIAb has been constructed. The truncated aroAM12 gene, which was obtained through gene shuffling technology, was ligated with a transit sequence of Arabidopsis EPSPS and expressed in cotton plants driven by cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter. The chimeric BtS1m toxin gene was fused with DNA sequence encoding PR1b secretary signal peptide and expressed under the control of 2E-35S promoter and “ȍ” translation enhancer sequence derived from tobacco mosaic virus. The mutant EPSPS of aroAM12 gene product conferring highly resistant to glyphosate, the active ingredient in herbicide Roundup ® , was used as a dominant selectable marker for cotton plant transformation. The genes were introduced into commercial cultivar Zhongmian12 of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transformants were directly selected on medium supplemented with 80μmol/L glyphosate. In this research, 40 regenerative cotton plantlets were obtained through screening. Integration of aroAM12 and Bts1m genes was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot, the results indicated that all the 40 plants possessed the aroAM12 gene, 28 of which possessed both the aroAM12 and BtS1m genes. Expression of both the genes was established by Western blots. Insect bioassay and glyphosate resistance assay indicated that the transgenic cotton plants obtained were highly resistant to glyphosate and insect. The results of glyphosate resistance and insect bioassay of T1 generation showed that the numbers of resistance and sensitive phenotypes showed Mendelian segregation ratio.