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Large‐scale and low‐cost preparation of carbon‐based potassium anode with long life and high capacity is one of the footstones for the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, a low‐cost carbon‐based material, cross‐linked hollow graphitic carbon (HGC), is large scale synthesized to apply for PIBs anode. Its hollow structure can afford sufficient space to overcome the damage caused by the volume expansion of graphitic carbon (GC). While the cross‐linked structure forms a compact interconnection network that allows electrons to rapid transfer between different GC frameworks. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the HGC anode exhibited low charge/discharge plateau (about 0.25 V and 0.1 V) and excellent specific capacity as high as 298 mA h g−1 at the current density of 50 mA g−1. And more important, after 200 cycles the capacity of HGC anode still shows 269 mA h g−1 (the decay rate of per cycle is only 0.048%). Meanwhile, the use of commercial traditional electrolyte (KPF6) and cheap raw materials that provide new hope for trying and realizing the large‐scale production of PIBs based on carbon anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: The efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) in patients diagnosed with non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been confirmed by a large number of studies. However, hepatotoxicity caused by EGFR‐TKIs has not been widely investigated. This review compares the hepatotoxicity of different EGFR‐TKIs through a network meta‐analysis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from their individual inceptions to 20 May 2020 with the goal of identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting hepatotoxicity in NSCLC patients receiving EGFR‐TKIs. A random‐effects pairwise meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis were performed within a frequentist framework. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Twelve eligible RCTs, including data from 6,280 patients diagnosed with NSCLC, were analysed. In our network meta‐analysis, gefitinib was associated with a higher risk for hepatotoxicity compared to placebo (RR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.32‐4.89) and dacomitinib (RR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.30‐5.20) in terms of all‐grades alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation. As for all‐grades aspartate transaminase (AST) elevation, gefitinib and erlotinib showed a significantly increased risk for hepatotoxicity compared to afatinib, dacomitinib and placebo (erlotinib vs. afatinib: RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05‐3.24; erlotinib vs. dacomitinib: RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19‐2.36; erlotinib vs. placebo: RR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.69‐6.73; gefitinib vs. afatinib: RR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.32‐3.79; gefitinib vs. dacomitinib: RR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.51‐2.73; gefitinib vs. placebo: RR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.11‐7.91). There was a high risk of high‐grade ALT elevation in patients treated with gefitinib compared to patients treated with erlotinib (RR, 4.31; 95% CI, 2.15‐8.66), dacomitinib (RR, 6.95; 95% CI, 1.85‐26.05) or placebo (RR, 8.38; 95% CI, 1.56‐45.01). No statistically significant differences were identified among the five agents analysed in terms of all‐grades TB elevation and high‐grade AST elevation. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) revealed that gefitinib showed a potentially higher risk for ALT and AST elevation compared to other EGFR‐TKIs regardless of grade. What is new and conclusion: Current evidence indicates that the association between afatinib or dacomitinib and risk of liver enzyme elevation remains uncertain in patients diagnosed with NSCLC. Some evidence suggests that gefitinib and erlotinib may be associated with a significantly increased risk for hepatotoxicity in patients with NSCLC. However, given that the elevation of liver enzymes was not definitely associated with EGFR‐TKIs and publication bias, further studies are required to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odor is an important factor influencing the acceptance of clams by the consumer. In order to better understand the flavor characteristics of different clams, the volatiles in raw and cooked Meretrix meretrix with three shell colors (mottled shell, red shell, and yellow shell) were investigated by electronic nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 69 volatiles, dominated by alcohols (32.10–41.02%) and 25 odor-active compounds, were identified in the raw samples, while 73 volatiles, dominated by aldehydes (55.18–58.22%) and 27 odor-active compounds, were determined in the cooked samples. Compared to raw samples, cooked samples had higher concentrations and odor activity values (OAVs) of volatiles. Among the raw clams, OAVs of volatiles in red shell clams were significantly higher than yellow shell clams. According to both electronic nose and GC-MS, all the samples could be distinguished, and 3-octanone, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-ol, linalool, 1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-nonanone, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, and undecanal were the key volatiles to distinguish the odor profile of Meretrix meretrix with different shell colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the detection and decline over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies in infants born to women with coronavirus disease. Among 11 infants tested at birth, all had detectable IgG and 5 had detectable IgM. IgG titers with positive IgM declined more slowly than those without. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Yongming Zhang, Juntang Yu, Suhua Chen, Shigui Wan A novel bioreactor including a group of dual functional ceramic membranes was developed and used for wastewater treatment. The ceramic membranes could be used for both aeration and filtration alternately, so fouling to ceramic membrane would be palliated effectively as its dual functions. For 100 days operation, COD removal ratio was 88∼97% for influent COD of 154∼1389 mg/L, and NH4+-N removal ratio was 98% for influent NH4+-N of 7.52∼51.35 mg/L. Some washing methods aiming at foul were discussed, experimental results indicated that surface foul is main factor to ceramic membrane and NaClO is better washing agent for the flux recover.

Structural modulation of catalytic nanostructures and fundamental understanding of their active sites at the atomic scale are important for predicting and improving the catalytic properties of nanostructures. Here, we prepared quasi-one-dimensional (1D) metal molybdenum (Mo) chains confined in atom-thick molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2), referred henceforth as Mo/MoS 2 nanosheets, and evaluated their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) properties. The experiment and theoretical calculations show that the quasi-1D Mo chain with unsaturated coordination exhibits high HER activity. The unsaturated Mo sites in the chains increase the carrier density and facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen along the chains, mimicking an atomic scale reactor which leads to an experimentally observed enhanced catalytic performance. Within the framework of Volmer-Tafel model, the calculated kinetic barrier for H 2 evolution is only 0.48 eV for Mo/MoS 2 , which is significantly lower than that for the Pt (111) surface (∼0.8 eV). In particular, Mo/MoS 2 nanosheets supported on reduced graphene oxide (Mo/MoS 2 /RGO) outperformed commercial Pt on glassy carbon (Pt/C) in the practically meaningful high-current region (>140 mA cm−2) in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution and (15 mA cm−2) in 1.0 M NaOH solution, demonstrating that the Mo/MoS 2 /RGO could potentially replace Pt catalysts in practical HER systems. Additionally, this study provides crucial insights into the role of active centers in catalysis through a model-structure-performance relationship, thus pointing the way to a commercially viable technology for HER. Image 1 • High activity for HER catalytic behavior. • Novel 1D Mo atomic chain structure. • Low kinetic barrier for H 2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circadian clock is crucial for sustaining rhythmic biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes in living creatures. In this study, we isolated and characterized two circadian clock genes in Macrobrachium nipponense , period ( Mnper ) and timeless ( Mntim ). The complete Mnper cDNA measures 4283 bp in length with an open reading frame encoding 1292 amino acids, including functional domains such as PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS), cytoplasmic localization domain (CLD), TIM interaction site (TIS), and nuclear localization signal (NLS). The deduced Mntim protein comprises1540 amino acids with functional domains such as PER interaction site (PIS), NLS, and CLD. Tissue distribution analyses showed that the two genes were highly expressed in the eyestalk and brain in both males and females, as well as being expressed in the ovary. The expression profiles of Mnper and Mntim were determined in the eyestalk, brain, and ovary under simulated breeding season and non-breeding season conditions. The expression profiles of both Mnper and Mntim appeared to be unaffected in the eyestalk. However, the expression of both genes exhibited significant seasonal variations in the brain, and thus we assumed the brain to be their functional location. The expression profiles under different simulated seasons and the variations during different ovarian stages indicate that both genes might be involved with female reproduction. Especially the mRNA levels in the brain varied greatly during these stages indicating that the clock function in the brain is closely related to ovarian development and female reproduction. And the reproductive roles of clock genes need to be elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish protein isolates (FPI) were produced from silver carp processing by-products by means of the isoelectric solubilization-precipitation method, and the quality was evaluated. The alkali-aided process led to significantly more lipid reduction (p< 0.05) compared with the acid-aided process. Similar protein types were extracted for the acid and alkali solubilization, and most protein types can be recovered from the raw materials, as observed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The FPI was higher in total amino acids and essential amino acids (EAAs) compared with the original by-products (p< 0.05). The alkali-aided process yielded a higher nutritional and color quality than the acidic process. Furthermore, we found that alkali-aided protein had higher oxidative stability than the acid-aided protein. Our study indicates that high-quality fish proteins can be efficiently recovered from low-value silver carp processing by-products using isoelectric solubilization/precipitation, particularly the alkali-aided process, and subsequently be used in value-added human foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional magnetite/manganese iron oxide modified by carbon coating and with TiO2 nanoparticles into core-shell composite nanofibers (FMO/C@TiO2) with porous structure were fabricated using organometallic compounds as templates. The structure and physicochemical properties of the as-obtained composite nanofibers were characterized by a series of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance. The results demonstrate that the one-dimensional core-shell structure was formed by coating TiO2 nanoparticles onto a substrate of FMO/C nanofibers. The porous nanostructures and photoresponse range of the composite nanofibers can be controlled by varying the proportion of both template and titanium source. The resultant composite nanofibers exhibited highly efficient removal of dye from wastewater by combining adsorption and photocatalysis processes. In addition, the composite nanofibers are superparamagnetic, and can be recovered by magnet easily with almost no decline in the removal efficiency. The facile synthesis strategy used here might provide a universal and efficient method to fabricate one-dimensional magnetic nanocomposites with porous structures for various functional applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]