1,405 results on '"Convit, A"'
Search Results
152. Ethics of HIV trials
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Aaby, Peter, Babiker, Abdel, Darbyshire, Janet, Nunn, Andrew, Barreto, Sandhi, Alonso, Pedro, Badaro, Roberto, Barros, Fernando, Victoria, Cesar, Binka, Fred, Biryahwaho, Benon, Byabamazima, Charles, Sempala, Sylvester, Tugume, Benon, Kalebu, Pontiano, Kengeya-Kayondo, Jane, Whitworth, Jimmy, Paxton, Lynn, Convit, Jacinto, Corrah, Tumani, McAdam, Keith, Datta, Manjula, Dowlati, Yahya, Fine, Paul, Hall, Andy, Hayes, Richard, Jaffar, Shabbar, Ross, David, Smith, Peter, de Francisco, Andreas, Godal, Tore, John, Jacob, Lansang, Mary Ann, Tan-Torres, Tessa, Morrow, Richard, Nicoll, Angus, Peckham, Catherine, Serwadda, David, and Tanner, Marcel
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- 1997
153. Outcomes of The BODY Project: A Program to Halt Obesity and Its Medical Consequences in High School Students
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Victoria Sweat, Carole Siegel, Arthur H. Fierman, Alexander Mangone, Jean-Marie Bruzzese, Eugene M. Laska, and Antonio Convit
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Pediatric Obesity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Teachable moment ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Health Behavior ,Blood Pressure ,Disease ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Health Education ,Life Style ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Cholesterol ,Blood pressure ,Physical therapy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Adolescent obesity continues to be a major public health issue with a third of American adolescents being overweight or obese. Excess weight is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and pre-diabetes. High school students identified as carrying excess weight [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, or BMI percentile ≥85 %] were invited to participate in The BODY Project, an intervention that included a medical evaluation and a personalized medical report of the results of that evaluation sent to the parent/guardian at home. The medical evaluation and report was repeated 12 months later. The reports also contained advice on how the individual student could modify their lifestyle to improve the specific medical parameters showing abnormalities. Outcomes were change in BMI, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting glucose, and fasting insulin. Students participating in The BODY Project intervention demonstrated modest, yet significant, reductions in BMI (p < 0.001) 1 year later, and also had significant improvements in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and cholesterol profile (HDL p = 0.002; LDL p < 0.001) at follow-up. The BODY Project, by means of a minimal educational program anchored on the principle of teachable moments around the students’ increased perception of their own risk for disease from the medical abnormalities uncovered, demonstrates evidence of potential effectiveness in addressing adolescent obesity.
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- 2015
154. Hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment
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Convit, Antonio, de Leon, Mony J, Tarshish, Chaim, De Santi, Susan, Rusinek, Henry, and George, Ajax E
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- 1995
155. Hippocampal volume losses in minimally impaired elderly
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Convit, Antonio, de Leon, Mony J, Tarshish, Chaim, De Santi, Susan, Kluger, Alan, Rusinek, Henry, and George, Ajax E
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- 1995
156. Volumetric analysis of the pre-frontal regions: findings in aging and schizophrenia
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Convit, Antonio, Wolf, Oliver T., de Leon, Mony J., Patalinjug, Marilou, Kandil, Emad, Caraos, Conrad, Scherer, Adam, Saint Louis, Les A., and Cancro, Robert
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- 2001
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157. Hippocampal formation glucose metabolism and volume losses in MCI and AD
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De Santi, Susan, de Leon, Mony J, Rusinek, Henry, Convit, Antonio, Tarshish, Chaim Y, Roche, Alexandra, Tsui, Wai Hon, Kandil, Emad, Boppana, Madhu, Daisley, Katherine, Wang, Gene Jack, Schlyer, David, and Fowler, Joanna
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- 2001
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158. Measurement of medial temporal lobe atrophy in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
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DeLeon, Mony J., Golomb, James, Convit, Antonio, DeSanti, Susan, McRae, Thomas D., and George, Ajax E.
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- 1993
159. Effect of subtle neurological dysfunction on response to haloperidol treatment in schizophrenia
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Convit, Antonio, Volavka, Jan, Czbobor, Pal, Joe, de Asis, and Evangelista, Chito
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Schizophrenia -- Care and treatment ,Haloperidol -- Adverse and side effects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Abstract
Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess whether an interaction between subtle neurological impairment and haloperidol plasma level affects treatment response and, if so, the impact on negative symptoms in particular. Method: Forty-three schizophrenic and two schizoaffective inpatients diagnosed according to Research Diagnostic Criteria were given, at the end of a 1-week placebo period, a baseline evaluation consisting of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms, Quantified Neurological Scale, and the Simpson-Angus Scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three haloperidol plasma ranges and treated for 6 weeks. At the end point the BPRS, Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms, and Simpson-Angus Scale were readministered. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the extent to which the interaction between neurological abnormality and haloperidol plasma level predicted the end-point symptoms once the baseline symptoms, neurological abnormality, and haloperidol plasma level were accounted for. Results: Those patients with higher levels of overall abnormality on the Quantified Neurological Scale at baseline and with frontal dysfunction in particular, had, with increasing haloperidol plasma levels, more severe negative symptoms at end point. Neurological dysfunction was not related to end-point positive symptoms. The effect was specific to end-point negative symptoms and was independent of extrapyramidal side effects. Conclusions: If confirmed, these findings may indicate that relatively intact frontal function is needed for improvement in negative symptoms and that those patients with schizophrenia who have subtle neurological dysfunction should be treated with lower doses of neuroleptics.
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- 1994
160. The disposition of criminal charges after involuntary medication to restore competency to stand trial.
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Ladds, Brian, Convit, Antonio, Zito, Julie, and Vitrai, Joseph
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Competency to stand trial -- Psychological aspects ,Right to refuse treatment -- Psychological aspects ,Mentally ill -- Drug therapy - Published
- 1993
161. Competency, civil commitment, and the dangerousness of the mentally ill.
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Bittman, Betsy J. and Convit, Antonio
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Mentally ill -- Commitment and detention ,Competency to stand trial -- Psychological aspects - Published
- 1993
162. Asian Adolescents with Excess Weight are at Higher Risk for Insulin Resistance than Non-Asian Peers
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Ahmed, Elsamadony, Kathy F, Yates, Victoria, Sweat, Po Lai, Yau, Alex, Mangone, Adriana, Joseph, Arthur, Fierman, and Antonio, Convit
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Adult ,Male ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Adolescent ,Asian ,Body Weight ,Adolescents ,Article ,Young Adult ,Asian People ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Female ,Obesity ,Insulin Resistance - Abstract
Objective Evaluate whether Asian-American adolescents have higher metabolic risk from excess weight than non-Asians. Methods 733 students, 14- to 19-years old, completed a school-based health screening. The 427 Asian and 306 non-Asian students were overall equivalent on age, sex, and family income. Height, weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting bloods measured triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin levels. Asian and non-Asians in lean or overweight/obese groups were contrasted on the 5 factors that make up the Metabolic Syndrome. Results Asian adolescents carrying excess weight had significantly higher insulin resistance (IR), triglyceride levels, and waist to height ratios (W/H), despite a significantly lower overall body mass index (BMI) than corresponding non-Asian. Similarly, Asians had a stronger relationship between W/H and the degree of IR than non-Asian counterparts; 35% and 18% of the variance were explained (R2=0.35, R2=0.18) respectively, resulting in a significant W/H by racial group interaction (Fchange(1,236) = 11.56, p
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- 2017
163. Obese Adolescents Show Reduced Cognitive Processing Speed Compared with Healthy Weight Peers
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Renee Migliaccio, Antonio Convit, Kathy F. Yates, and Victoria Sweat
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Male ,Percentile ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatric Obesity ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Corpus callosum ,Childhood obesity ,Body Mass Index ,Corpus Callosum ,03 medical and health sciences ,Executive Function ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Medicine ,Humans ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Brain ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Cognitive test ,Frontal Lobe ,Frontal lobe ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,Insulin Resistance ,Waist Circumference ,business ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Childhood obesity and obesity-associated diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) continue to rise. Obesity has been linked to structural and functional brain abnormalities, particularly in the frontal lobe.One hundred sixty-two adolescents (aged 19.53 ± 1.53 years) underwent medical, neurocognitive, and brain magnetic resonance imaging assessments. Participants were either healthy weight (BMI25.0 kg/mGroups differed on four measures of processing speed contained in four different cognitive tests, but not on executive function. A confirmatory factor analysis verified that the significant processing speed variables loaded on the same factor. We also found differences between the weight groups on the area of the anterior portion of the CC, but not the overall CC. Only the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) was significantly correlated with the area of the anterior portion of the CC. In the obese group, 32.4% met criteria for MetS. No differences were found between obese participants with or without MetS and none of the MetS factors contributed consistently to cognitive performance.Obese adolescents show slower cognitive processing speed while maintaining equivalent performance on executive functioning compared with their healthy weight peers. The group differences in the anterior portion of the CC, responsible for frontal lobe interhemispheric communication, may in part explain our processing speed findings. Future studies should include a longitudinal design and diffusion tensor imaging to examine the integrity of white matter.
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- 2017
164. Homelessness and the mentally ill offender.
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Richman, Barry J., Convit, Antonio, and Martell, Daniel A.
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Homeless persons -- Psychological aspects ,Mentally ill - Published
- 1992
165. Intermediate cutaneous leishmaniasis caused byLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensissuccessfully treated with fluconazole
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Emilia Mia Sordillo, A. E. Paniz-Mondolfi, Hirotomo Kato, Convit J, Olga Zerpa, K. Daly, H. De Lima, and O. Reyes-Jaimes
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Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antifungal Agents ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ,Context (language use) ,Dermatology ,Disease ,Biology ,Leishmania braziliensis ,Cutaneous leishmaniasis ,Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Fluconazole ,media_common ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Treatment Outcome ,Immunology ,Female ,After treatment ,medicine.drug - Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic anthropozoonosis that exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Intermediate/borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis is a distinct clinical condition that comprises cutaneous disease of a chronic nature, usually occurring as multiple lesions with or without mucosal involvement. The disease is usually caused by parasites of the subgenus Viannia, frequently occurs in context of an underlying disease, and is often resistant to standard antileishmanial therapy. We report a case that was refractory to standard therapy and other second-line drugs, but resolved after treatment with fluconazole, and review the use of fluconazole as a second-line drug in children.
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- 2014
166. Psychobiology of the violent offender.
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Volavk, Jan, Martell, Daniel A., and Convit, Antonio
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Violent crimes -- Psychological aspects ,Criminal psychology -- Research ,Cerebral cortex -- Research - Published
- 1992
167. Preliminary evidence of cognitive and brain abnormalities in uncomplicated adolescent obesity
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Antonio Convit, Po Lai Yau, David Javier, and Esther H. Kang
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Psychomotor learning ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cognitive flexibility ,Neuropsychology ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Brain Structure and Function ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Context (language use) ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,medicine ,Metabolic syndrome ,Psychiatry ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective To ascertain whether pediatric obesity without clinically significant insulin resistance (IR) impacts brain structure and function. Methods Thirty obese and 30 matched lean adolescents, all without clinically significant IR or a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), received comprehensive endocrine, neuropsychological, and MRI evaluations. Results Relative to lean adolescents, obese non-IR adolescents had significantly lower academic achievement (i.e., arithmetic and spelling) and tended to score lower on working memory, attention, psychomotor efficiency, and mental flexibility. In line with our prior work on adolescent MetS, memory was unaffected in uncomplicated obesity. Reductions in the thickness of the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices as well as reductions of microstructural integrity in major white matter tracts without gross volume changes were also uncovered. Conclusions It was documented, for the first time, that adolescents with uncomplicated obesity already have subtle brain alterations and lower performance in selective cognitive domains. When interpreting these preliminary data in the context of our prior reports of similar, but more extensive brain findings in obese adolescents with MetS and T2DM, it was concluded that “uncomplicated” obesity may also result in subtle brain alterations, suggesting a possible dose effect with more severe metabolic dysregulation giving rise to greater abnormalities.
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- 2014
168. Preliminary Evidence of Cognitive and Brain Abnormalities in Uncomplicated Adolescent Obesity
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Yau, Po Lai, Kang, Esther H., Javier, David C., and Convit, Antonio
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Male ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Pediatric Obesity ,Adolescent ,Intelligence ,Brain ,Pilot Projects ,cortical thickness ,Neuropsychological Tests ,diffusion tensor imaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Article ,Executive Function ,Young Adult ,Cognition ,Memory ,insulin resistance ,Humans ,adolescence ,Attention ,Female ,Obesity ,cognitive performance - Abstract
Objective We ascertain whether pediatric obesity without clinically-significant insulin resistance (IR) impacts brain structure and function. Design and Methods Thirty obese and 30 matched lean adolescents, all without clinically-significant IR or a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS), received comprehensive endocrine, neuropsychological, and MRI evaluations. Results Relative to lean adolescents, obese non-IR adolescents had significantly lower academic achievement (i.e. arithmetic and spelling) and tended to score lower on working memory, attention, psychomotor efficiency and mental flexibility. In line with our prior work on adolescent MetS, memory was unaffected in uncomplicated obesity. We also uncovered reductions in the thickness of the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices as well as reductions of microstructural integrity in major white matter tracts without gross volume changes. Conclusions We document, for the first time, that adolescents with uncomplicated obesity already have subtle brain alterations and lower performance in selective cognitive domains. When interpreting these preliminary data in the context of our prior reports of similar, but more extensive brain findings in obese adolescents with MetS and T2DM, we conclude that “uncomplicated” obesity may also result in subtle brain alterations, suggesting a possible dose effect with more severe metabolic dysregulation giving rise to greater abnormalities.
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- 2014
169. Hispanic Youth With Excess Weight Display Psychological Distress
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Carole Siegel, Allison S. Larr, Victoria Sweat, Antonio Convit, Kathy F. Yates, and Lawrence Maayan
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Cultural Studies ,Linguistics and Language ,Social Psychology ,education ,Excess weight ,Psychological distress ,Overweight ,Social issues ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,humanities ,Disadvantaged ,Developmental psychology ,Anthropology ,Phenomenon ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Self report ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Adolescent overweight/obesity (OW/O) has reached epidemic proportions. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) was administered to 514 primarily Hispanic urban high school students to examine the relationship between weight and psychological distress. YSR and study population-specific norms were used to assess risk on Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, and Social Problems scales. OW/O status increased Social Problems regardless of norms. OW/O students endorsed greater Withdrawn/Depressed symptoms with YSR norms; greater Anxious/Depressed and Somatic Complaints were endorsed with population-specific norms. Females drive results. Findings suggest norms need to incorporate minority and economically disadvantaged groups.
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- 2014
170. Neural substrates of verbal memory impairments in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Joan C. Borod, Po Lai Yau, Alan Kluger, and Antonio Convit
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medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Lateralization of brain function ,Temporal lobe ,White matter ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Verbal memory ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Parahippocampal gyrus ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Background: Verbal memory impairment is well documented in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but, to date, the neural substrates remain unclear. The present study evaluated verbal memory and ascertained the degree of frontal and temporal lobe involvement in the anticipated verbal memory impairment among adults with T2DM. Method: Forty-six late-middle-aged and elderly adults with T2DM and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched adults without T2DM underwent medical evaluation, verbal memory assessment, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations. Results: As anticipated, participants with T2DM had clear verbal memory impairments. Consistent with prior reports, we found volume reductions restricted to the hippocampus. Our diffusion tensor imaging analysis revealed that participants with T2DM had extensive cerebral gray and white matter microstructural abnormalities predominantly in the left hemisphere, with a larger concentration present in the temporal lobe. In contrast, we uncovered mostly nonspecif...
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- 2014
171. Abstract B112: Combined therapy with an autologous tumor cells/bacillus Calmette-Guérin/formalin-based vaccine plus anti-PD-1 inhibitor enhances the antitumor response in a 4T1 breast cancer model
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Maria Jose Godoy Calderon, Ana Federica Convit, and Eglys González Marcano
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Cancer Research ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Melanoma ,Immunology ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Immune system ,Breast cancer ,Antigen ,Cancer immunotherapy ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Lung cancer ,business - Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown satisfactory results in different types of cancer, such as lung cancer and melanoma. However, in breast cancer their benefit as a stand-alone treatment have not been robust, suggesting the need of combined therapies. In preclinical and clinical studies some checkpoint inhibitors have shown enhancement of cancer vaccines’ antitumor effects. Cancer vaccines represent a promising immunotherapy since they induce a specific long-term immune response against tumor antigens, leading to an effective tumor elimination with minimal side effects. Based on successful previous experiences using an autologous tumor cells/bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)/formalin-based vaccine in breast cancer, we aimed to enhance its antitumor properties by combining it with anti-PD-1. We used a 4T1 breast cancer model in BALB/c mice, receiving four weekly injections of either Phosphate Buffered Saline (G1), 50 μg anti-PD-1 (G2), or the vaccine plus anti-PD-1 (200 µg autologous tumor cells, 0.0625 mg BCG, 0.02% formalin plus 50 μg anti-PD-1) (G3). In G3, the tumor arrest ability of anti-PD-1 was enhanced, showing a stronger antitumor response compared to G2. This response was characterized by a high infiltration of CD8+ T and PD-1+ cells, and a likely prevalence of CD4+ Th1 cells as suggested by a low T CD4/CD8 ratio. This led to a marked tumor elimination represented by nearly 70% of tumor necrosis, and a 3-fold reduction of both tumor volume and mitotic index. Interestingly, anti-PD1 seemed to successfully enhance an important part of the vaccine’s antitumor response, indicated by 50% less TAMs infiltration and 10% more necrosis, though not significantly improving the overall antitumor effect of the vaccine. These limitations of the combined therapy may be overcome by using a higher anti-PD-1 dose and administering the two treatments at different times. Furthermore, the positive and promising effects of applying both treatments individually and combined, plus the vaccine’s low-cost and simple preparation method, encourage us to continue this study. The vaccine should be evaluated in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors and/or other target-specific compounds that can lead to new, highly effective, less toxic, personalized breast cancer immunotherapies. Citation Format: Maria Jose Godoy Calderon, Eglys González Marcano, Ana Federica Convit. Combined therapy with an autologous tumor cells/bacillus Calmette-Guérin/formalin-based vaccine plus anti-PD-1 inhibitor enhances the antitumor response in a 4T1 breast cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B112.
- Published
- 2019
172. Atrophy of the medial occipitotemporal, inferior, and middle temporal gyri in non-demented elderly predict decline to Alzheimer’s disease ☆
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Convit, A, de Asis, J, de Leon, M.J, Tarshish, C.Y, De Santi, S, and Rusinek, H
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- 2000
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173. Validación de cebadores específicos para la detección de las variantes p190 y p210 del transcrito de fusión BCR/ABL1 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa reversa en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia mieloide crónica y su confirmación por secuenciación
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Valladares, Scarlet N., Alejos, Migdelys A., Duarte, María A., Frango, Alberto A., Eleizalde, Mariana C., Rangel, Hector R., and Convit, Ana F.
- Abstract
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- 2020
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174. Autologous tumor cells/bacillus Calmette-Guérin/formalin-based novel breast cancer vaccine induces an immune antitumor response
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Godoy-Calderón, María José, primary, Salazar, Víctor, additional, González-Marcano, Eglys, additional, and Convit, Ana Federica, additional
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- 2018
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175. 0143 Associations Between Slow Wave Sleep Duration, Insulin Resistance, and Respiratory Effort-Related Arousals in Young Adults
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Rivas, J, primary, Sharma, R, additional, Miller, M D, additional, Godinho, A, additional, Ayappa, I, additional, Jean-Louis, G, additional, Varga, A W, additional, Convit, A, additional, and Osorio, R S, additional
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- 2018
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176. Lifestyle and vascular risk effects on MRI-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults from the broader New York City area
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Mosconi, Lisa, primary, Walters, Michelle, additional, Sterling, Joanna, additional, Quinn, Crystal, additional, McHugh, Pauline, additional, Andrews, Randolph E, additional, Matthews, Dawn C, additional, Ganzer, Christine, additional, Osorio, Ricardo S, additional, Isaacson, Richard S, additional, De Leon, Mony J, additional, and Convit, Antonio, additional
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- 2018
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177. MRI volume of the amygdala: a reliable method allowing separation from the hippocampal formation
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Convit, Antonio, McHugh, Pauline, Wolf, Oliver T, de Leon, Mony J, Bobinski, Maciek, De Santi, Susan, Roche, Alexandra, and Tsui, Wai
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- 1999
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178. Retinal vessel abnormalities as a possible biomarker of brain volume loss in obese adolescents
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Aziz Tirsi, Carol M. Lee, Wai Tsui, Antonio Convit, and Michelle Duong
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Atrophy ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,2. Zero hunger ,Cerebral atrophy ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Venule ,business.industry ,Retinal ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,chemistry ,Cardiology ,Homeostatic model assessment ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective: Endothelial dysfunction in childhood obesity may precede cerebrovascular damage and cognitive impairment in adulthood. A noninvasive proxy of microvascular health is required to identify the risk for microvascular damage in obese children. Design and Methods The associations of hippocampal volumes and global cerebral atrophy were assessed with retinal vessel caliber in 40 normal BMI controls and 62 obese age-matched nondiabetic adolescents and the contribution of inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance to retinal vessel caliber was evaluated. Results Compared to controls, obese adolescents had smaller retinal arterioles (8.3% decrease, P < 0.05) and wider venules (5.4% increase, P < 0.01). Larger retinal arteriole diameters were associated with less global cerebral atrophy (B = −0.24 [95% confidence interval, CI: −0.48, −0.002]) and larger hippocampal volumes (B = 0.01 [95% CI: 0, 0.02]). Venule diameters (B = 84.2 [95% CI: 30.3, 138.1]) were predicted by inflammation (fibrinogen). Arteriolar diameters were predicted by insulin resistance, indicated by logHOMA (homeostatic model assessment, HOMA) values (B = −17.03 [95% CI: −28.25, −5.81)] and body mass index (BMI) (B = −.67 [95% CI: −1.09, −0.24)]. All analyses were adjusted for mean arterial pressure, sleep apnea, and vessel diameter. Conclusions Measures of brain health, BMI, and insulin resistance are associated with retinal vessel caliber. If confirmed in larger studies, retinal arteriolar caliber may serve as a possible noninvasive proxy for brain atrophy in obese adolescents, and the identification of elevated risk for cerebral microvascular disease in adulthood.
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- 2013
179. Retinal Vessel Abnormalities as a Possible Biomarker of Brain Volume Loss in Obese Adolescents
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Tirsi, Aziz, Duong, Michelle, Tsui, Wai, Lee, Carol, and Convit, Antonio
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Male ,obesity ,retina ,Pediatric Obesity ,Adolescent ,hippocampus ,Body Weight ,Brain ,Retinal Vessels ,Blood Pressure ,Organ Size ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Case-Control Studies ,Humans ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,brain atrophy - Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction in childhood obesity may precede cerebrovascular damage and cognitive impairment in adulthood. A noninvasive proxy of microvascular health is required to identify the risk for microvascular damage in obese children.The associations of hippocampal volumes and global cerebral atrophy were assessed with retinal vessel caliber in 40 normal BMI controls and 62 obese age-matched nondiabetic adolescents and the contribution of inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance to retinal vessel caliber was evaluated.Compared to controls, obese adolescents had smaller retinal arterioles (8.3% decrease, P0.05) and wider venules (5.4% increase, P0.01). Larger retinal arteriole diameters were associated with less global cerebral atrophy (B = -0.24 [95% confidence interval, CI: -0.48, -0.002]) and larger hippocampal volumes (B = 0.01 [95% CI: 0, 0.02]). Venule diameters (B = 84.2 [95% CI: 30.3, 138.1]) were predicted by inflammation (fibrinogen). Arteriolar diameters were predicted by insulin resistance, indicated by logHOMA (homeostatic model assessment, HOMA) values (B = -17.03 [95% CI: -28.25, -5.81)] and body mass index (BMI) (B = -.67 [95% CI: -1.09, -0.24)]. All analyses were adjusted for mean arterial pressure, sleep apnea, and vessel diameter.Measures of brain health, BMI, and insulin resistance are associated with retinal vessel caliber. If confirmed in larger studies, retinal arteriolar caliber may serve as a possible noninvasive proxy for brain atrophy in obese adolescents, and the identification of elevated risk for cerebral microvascular disease in adulthood.
- Published
- 2013
180. Three-dimensional mapping of the creatine kinase enzyme reaction rate in muscles of the lower leg
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Gregory Chang, Ravinder R. Regatte, Prodromos Parasoglou, Antonio Convit, and Ding Xia
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Bioenergetics ,biology ,Skeletal muscle ,Phosphocreatine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,In vivo ,Metabolic flux analysis ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Molecular Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Creatine kinase ,Magnetization transfer ,Adenosine triphosphate ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Phosphorus ((31) P) magnetization transfer (MT) techniques enable the non-invasive measurement of metabolic turnover rates of important enzyme-catalyzed reactions, such as the creatine kinase reaction (CK), a major transducing reaction involving adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine. Alteration in the kinetics of the CK reaction rate appears to play a central role in many disease states. In this study, we developed and implemented at ultra-high field (7T) a novel three-dimensional (31) P-MT imaging sequence that maps the kinetics of CK in the entire volume of the lower leg at relatively high resolution (0.52 mL voxel size), and within acquisition times that can be tolerated by patients (below 60 min). We tested the sequence on five healthy and two clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. Overall, we obtained measurements that are in close agreement with measurements reported previously using spectroscopic methods. Importantly, our spatially resolved method allowed us to measure local CK reaction rate constants and metabolic fluxes in individual muscles in a non-invasive manner. Furthermore, it allowed us to detect variations of the CK rates of different muscles, which would not have been possible using unlocalized MRS methods. The results of this work suggest that 3D mapping of the CK reaction rates and metabolic fluxes can be achieved in the skeletal muscle in vivo at relatively high spatial resolution and with acquisition times well tolerated by patients. The ability to measure bioenergetics simultaneously in large areas of muscles will bring new insights into possible heterogeneous patterns of muscle metabolism associated with several diseases and serve as a valuable tool for monitoring the efficacy of interventions.
- Published
- 2013
181. Impact of Blood Sample Collection and Processing Methods on Glucose Levels in Community Outreach Studies
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Cuong Nguyen, Antonio Convit, Mark S. Lifshitz, Michael Turchiano, and Arthur H. Fierman
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article Subject ,Adolescent ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Centrifugation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sodium fluoride ,Humans ,Medicine ,Collection methods ,Blood Specimen Collection ,Glucose degradation ,Chromatography ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Cariostatic Agents ,Community-Institutional Relations ,Processing methods ,Blood draw ,chemistry ,Sodium Fluoride ,Female ,Sample collection ,business ,Glycolysis ,Working environment ,Research Article - Abstract
Glucose obtained from unprocessed blood samples can decrease by 5%–7% per hour due to glycolysis. This study compared the impact of glucose degradation on measured glucose values by examining two different collection methods. For the first method, blood samples were collected in tubes containing sodium fluoride (NaF), a glycolysis inhibitor. For the second method, blood samples were collected in tubes containing a clot activator and serum gel separator and were centrifuged to separate the serum and plasma 20 minutes after sample collection. The samples used in the two methods were collected during the same blood draw and were assayed by the clinical laboratory 2–4 hours after the samples were obtained. A total of 256 pairs of samples were analyzed. The average glucose reading for the centrifuged tubes was significantly higher than the NaF tubes by0.196±0.159 mmol/L (P<0.01) or 4.2%. This study demonstrates the important role collection methods play in accurately assessing glucose levels of blood samples collected in the field, where working environment may be suboptimal. Therefore, blood samples collected in the field should be promptly centrifuged before being transported to clinical labs to ensure accurate glucose level measurements.
- Published
- 2013
182. Association of Obesity-Mediated Insulin Resistance and Hypothalamic Volumes: Possible Sex Differences
- Author
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Antonio Convit, Jenny Ha, Aziz Tirsi, and Jessica I. Cohen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Article Subject ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Hypothalamus ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Statistical significance ,Internal medicine ,Nerve Growth Factor ,Genetics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Molecular Biology ,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,lcsh:R5-920 ,biology ,business.industry ,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,Biochemistry (medical) ,C-reactive protein ,Case-control study ,Organ Size ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,C-Reactive Protein ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
The hypothalamus is important in hunger and metabolism. Although a lot is known about the basic role of the human hypothalamus, less is known about how thein vivovolume is affected in obesity, particularly among adolescents. Based on pediatric body mass index percentiles, 95 participants were assigned to lean or obese groups. All subjects had medical evaluations, including fasting blood tests, to assess insulin sensitivity and circulating CRP and neurotrophins (NGF and BDNF) and an MRI of the brain. Hypothalamic volumes were measured by a segmentation method combining manual and automated steps. Overall, obese participants had descriptively smaller hypothalamic volumes, although this difference did not reach statistical significance; however, among obese participants, females had significantly smaller hypothalamic volumes than their male counterparts. There was a significant interaction between insulin resistance and sex on hypothalamus volume; obese females with significant insulin resistance have smaller hypothalamic volumes than obese males. Obese adolescents had higher circulating CRP and neurotrophin levels. Furthermore, among obese females, BDNF concentrations were inversely associated with hypothalamus volumes (r=−0.48). Given this negative association between BDNF and hypothalamus volumes among obese insulin-resistant females, elevated neurotrophin levels may suggest an attempt at protective compensation.
- Published
- 2013
183. HLA-Linked Control of Predisposition to Lepromatous Leprosy
- Author
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van Eden, Willem, Gonzalez, Nieves M., de Vries, René R. P., Convit, Jacinto, and van Rood, Jon J.
- Published
- 1985
184. Immunotherapy of Localized, Intermediate, and Diffuse Forms of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
- Author
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Convit, Jacinto, Castellanos, Pedro L., Ulrich, Marian, Castés, Marianella, Rondón, Antonio, Pinardi, María E., Rodríquez, Noris, Bloom, Barry R., Formica, Santina, Valecillos, Lourdes, and Bretaña, Antonio
- Published
- 1989
185. Leprosy: Bacterial, Pathological, Immunological and Immunopathological Aspects
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Convit, J., Ulrich, M. I., and Harahap, Marwali, editor
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Prediction of Violence in Psychiatric Inpatients
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Convit, Antonio, Jaeger, Judith, Lin, Shang Pin, Meisner, Morris, Brizer, David, Volavka, Jan, Moffitt, Terrie E., editor, and Mednick, Sarnoff A., editor
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Mechanisms of Immunological Unresponsiveness in the Spectra of Leprosy and Leishmaniasis
- Author
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Bloom, Barry R., Mehra, Vijay, Melancon-Kaplan, Johanne, Castes, Marianella, Convit, Jacinto, Brennan, Patrick J., Rea, Thomas H., Modlin, Robert L., Eisenstein, Toby K., editor, Bullock, Ward E., editor, and Hanna, Nabil, editor
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Molecular Approaches to Developing a Vaccine for Leprosy
- Author
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Mehra, Vijay, Modlin, Robert L., Rea, Thomas H., Jacobs, William R., Snapper, Scott B., Convit, Jacinto, Bloom, Barry R., and Talwar, G. P., editor
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Insights into Immunoregulation and Pathogenesis from a Third World Disease
- Author
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Bloom, B. R., Salgame, P., Chan, J., Mehra, V., Snapper, S., Fan, X., Modlin, R., Rea, T., Brenner, M., Brennan, P., Convit, J., Jacobs, W. R., Jr., Melchers, Fritz, editor, Albert, E. D., editor, von Boehmer, H., editor, Dierich, M. P., editor, Du Pasquier, L., editor, Eichmann, K., editor, Gemsa, D., editor, Götze, O., editor, Kalden, J. R., editor, Kaufmann, S. H. E., editor, Kirchner, H., editor, Resch, K., editor, Riethmüller, G., editor, Schimpl, A., editor, Sorg, C., editor, Steinmetz, M., editor, Wagner, H., editor, and Zachau, H. G., editor
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Biology of Leishmania and Leishmaniasis
- Author
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Furtado, T., Goihman-Yahr, M., Marghescu, S., Grimaldi, G., Jr., David, J. R., McMahon-Pratt, D., Rothenberg, A., Rosquete, R., Avila-Millán, E., Istúriz, G., Viloria, N., de Borges, N. Saavedra, Carrasquero, M., de Fernández, B. Pérez, Tapia, F. J., de Albornoz, M. C. Bastardo, Bretaña, A., de Brito, I. Cabello, Urquiola, G., Pereira, J., Martín, B. San, de Gómez, M. H., de Román, A., Lugo, A. J. Rondón, Convit, J., Padilha-Gonçalves, A., Vale, E. C. S., Araújo, M. Grossi, Orfanos, Constantin E., editor, Stadler, Rudolf, editor, and Gollnick, Harald, editor
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. Insulin resistance among obese middle-aged is associated with decreased cerebrovascular reactivity
- Author
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Po Lai Yau, Antonio Convit, Ricardo S. Osorio, Henry Rusinek, Olivia Frosch, and Pippa Storey
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Overweight ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Hypercapnia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Cognitive decline ,Cerebral Cortex ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Age Factors ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Hypertension ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Body mass index ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective:To evaluate differences in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to mild hypercapnia in obese/overweight individuals with and without insulin resistance (IR) compared to comparable lean controls.Methods:A total of 60 cognitively normal participants (20 lean controls and 24 obese/overweight individuals with and 16 without IR) were evaluated using a high spatial resolution arterial spin labeling MRI technique at rest and during mild hypercapnia. We analyzed group differences in CVR in cerebral cortex and ascertained the relationships between CVR, IR, and body mass index (BMI).Results:Obese/overweight participants with and without IR had significantly lower CVR to hypercapnia than lean controls after controlling for age, sex, and the presence of hypertension (F2,53 = 5.578, p = 0.006 = 0.174). In the obese/overweight participants with IR, there was a significant correlation between higher CVR and a measure of insulin sensitivity, even after accounting for BMI (rp = 0.575, p = 0.004). In contrast, there was no relationship between CVR and BMI when controlling for IR. No such relationships existed for the other 2 groups.Conclusions:IR is associated with impaired CVR; the relationship appears to be driven by the degree of IR and not by obesity. These rarely reported results suggest that early forms of cerebrovascular dysfunction exist among obese middle-aged individuals with significant IR but without type 2 diabetes mellitus. These functional vascular abnormalities may help explain the associations among IR, diabetes, and dementia, and suggest that interventions aiming to improve IR or CVR may help prevent cognitive decline later in life.
- Published
- 2016
192. How Should we Screen Overweight and Obese Adolescents for Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Large Public Health Initiatives?
- Author
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Adabimohazab R, Bruzzese J-M, Baltadzhieva R, Sweat V, Yates K, Joseph A, and Convit A
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Alternative medicine ,Library science ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Insulin resistance ,Open access publishing ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Published
- 2016
193. Fitness, Insulin Sensitivity and Frontal Lobe Integrity in Overweight and Obese Adults
- Author
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Castro, Mary Grace, Venutolo, Christopher, Yau, Po Lai, and Convit, Antonio
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Fasting ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Frontal Lobe ,C-Reactive Protein ,Oxygen Consumption ,Physical Fitness ,Linear Models ,Humans ,Insulin ,Female ,Obesity ,Insulin Resistance ,Exercise - Abstract
To formally test whether insulin sensitivity mediates the relationship between fitness and brain integrity.Eighty-four middle-aged participants without diabetes received a 6-min walk test from which maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was derived, a structural magnetic resonance scan, and a medical evaluation including fasting glucose and insulin levels.This study showed significant associations between fitness, abdominal obesity, and insulin sensitivity and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume as well as between ACC thickness and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The relationship between ACC volume and VO2 max was completely mediated through QUICKI. Further, this strong association was confirmed by a single and very significant cluster on the ACC linking gray matter volume and QUICKI in a voxel-based morphometry analysis.As expected, increased abdominal obesity was associated with reductions in fitness, ACC volumes, and insulin sensitivity. Importantly, this study demonstrated a significant mediation of the relationship between VO2 max and ACC volume by QUICKI. This suggests that the links between impaired insulin sensitivity and brain abnormalities in adults carrying excess weight could be alleviated through increased physical activity and fitness.
- Published
- 2016
194. El buscador documental Ariae: fuente de información sobre regulación de la energía en Iberoamérica
- Author
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José-Antonio Sánchez-Montero, Gabriella De-Stefano-Convit, and Liliana M. Melgar-Estrada
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Service (business) ,Presentation ,Association (object-oriented programming) ,Political science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Library science ,Library and Information Sciences ,Digital library ,Information Systems ,media_common - Abstract
Ariae is the Iberoamerican Association of Energy Regulatory Entities , formed by the organizations of 19 Iberoamerican countries. In this article we present the new Ariae information service, consisting of a digital library that gathers and organizes the open access documents produced during the activities of the Association and its members. The article begins with an introduction to the Association and the motivations for creating the information service. Subsequently, it includes a brief presentation of similar services in the area, and finally a description of the objectives and characteristics of Ariae information service.
- Published
- 2012
195. Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Weight Management Intervention in Obese Patients With Psychotic Disorders Compared to Patients With Nonpsychotic Disorders or No Psychiatric Disorders
- Author
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Peter Manu, Eileen Rosendahl, Hope Klopchin, Jeffrey J. Weiss, John M. Kane, Antonio Convit, Melissa McCardle, Lawrence Maayan, Christoph U. Correll, and Jian-Ping Zhang
- Subjects
Psychosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Weight loss ,Intervention (counseling) ,Weight management ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Obesity ,Psychiatry ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Mental Disorders ,Body Weight ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Psychiatric diagnosis ,Psychotherapy, Group ,Patient Compliance ,Obese subjects ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Abstract
Studies of behavioral weight loss intervention in patients with psychotic disorders are sparse, and its efficacy compared to other obese patients is unknown. Therefore, we compared the effect of a cognitive-behavioral weight loss intervention in obese subjects with psychotic disorders, other psychiatric diagnoses, and without psychiatric disorders.A 12-month naturalistic study of weekly group or individual cognitive-behavioral weight management in 222 consecutively enrolled obese patients (body mass index [BMI], 43.7 ± 9.6 kg/m2) with psychotic spectrum disorders (PSDs, n = 47), other psychiatric disorders (OPDs, n = 49), and no psychiatric disorder (NPD, n = 126).Patients with PSD had greater treatment persistence (48.9%) and longer treatment duration (8.7 ± 4.4 months) than those with OPD (22.4% and 5.4 ± 4.3 months) and NPD (22.2% and 4.9 ± 4.7 months) (P0.01 for all; number needed to treat, 3). In last-observation-carried-forward analyses, patients with PSD had greater percent baseline weight loss at 12 months (5.1% ± 9.3%) than patients with OPD and with NPD (2.7% ± 5.5% and 2.4% ± 6.3%); greater percent BMI loss at 9 and 12 months than both groups (P0.05 for all) and greater BMI loss at 9 months (2.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2) and 12 months (2.3 ± 4.1 kg/m2) than NPD patients (1.1 ± 2.3 and 1.2 ± 2.4 kg/m2). Furthermore, weight loss of 5% or more occurred in 42.6% of patients with PSD versus 18.4% and 23.0% in OPD and NPD patients (P0.01 for all; numbers needed to treat, 5 and 6). The strongest weight loss predictor was treatment duration (β = 0.51-0.54; P0.001). Attrition was predicted by NPD (P = 0.001) and OPD group status (P = 0.036), lower proportion of group sessions (P = 0.002), higher depression (P = 0.028), and lower baseline BMI (P = 0.030).Patients with PSD had greater weight loss than other obese patients. Nonadherence and depression should be targeted to enhance weight loss success.
- Published
- 2012
196. Cojedes: a leprosy hyperendemic state
- Author
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Maritza Cardenas, Jacinto Convit, Teresa Rivera, Ramón Sosa, Pablo Gonzalez, José Morales, Elsa Rada, Nacarid Aranzazu, Rafael Borges, Olga Zerpa, Forquis Sanchez, and Juan José Parra
- Subjects
Borderline tuberculoid leprosy ,Lepromatous leprosy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Prevalence ,Tuberculoid leprosy ,Dermatology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,World health ,Surgery ,medicine ,Leprosy ,business ,Mycobacterium leprae ,Demography - Abstract
Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease produced by Mycobacterium leprae. In 1997 Venezuela reached the goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem (according to the World Health Organization a prevalence rate of ≤1/10,000 inhabitants), but five states still had prevalence rates over that goal. For this study we selected Cojedes State, where prevalence rates remain over the elimination goal. Objective Evaluate the real leprosy situation in high-prevalence areas of Cojedes State. Materials and methods Seven communities of Cojedes State were selected because they had the highest historic prevalence, as well as the highest prevalence in the year to be studied (1997). Results A rank correlation using Spearman’s test comparing historical prevalence rates (1946–1996) and detection rates (1998–2004) gave a statistically significant P
- Published
- 2012
197. Type 2 diabetes affects hippocampus volume differentially in men and women
- Author
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R. Hempel, Antonio Convit, and R. Onopa
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Endocrinology ,High-density lipoprotein ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Aged ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Organ Size ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,chemistry ,Brain size ,Female ,Complication ,business - Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to result in medical complications on several organ systems including the kidneys, eyes, cardiovascular system, and most recently described the brain, including the hippocampus. There is also evidence that females are disproportionately affected by these medical complications. Brain volume reductions have also been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and dyslipidaemia. This study investigated the relationships among T2DM, gender, inflammation, dyslipidaemia, and hippocampal volumes. Method Participant groups consisted of 40 obese adults with T2DM and 47 lean adults, group-matched on age, gender, race, and education. Each participant underwent medical examination including a standard panel of blood tests, a magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive evaluation. Results We show that there is a gender difference in the association of T2DM and hippocampal volumes: diabetic women are most affected despite having better glucose control than their male counterparts. Although females with T2DM had disproportionately lower high density lipoprotein as well as better haemoglobin A1c, neither of these results explained why females with T2DM had the smallest hippocampal volumes. Conclusions These important findings indicate that in addition to the higher rate of traditional medical complication, females with T2DM are likely to suffer more brain complications than males. These observations, if supported by larger studies, suggest that in the future gender could be considered when customizing diabetes treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2012
198. High cortisol levels are associated with low quality food choice in type 2 diabetes
- Author
-
Antonio Convit, Jessica I. Cohen, and Michelle Duong
- Subjects
Male ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calorie ,Hydrocortisone ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Type 2 diabetes ,Choice Behavior ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,Eating ,Endocrinology ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Food choice ,Humans ,Medicine ,Aged ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diet Records ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Food ,Case-Control Studies ,Linear Models ,Female ,Hemoglobin ,business ,Food quality ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis control may be impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Glucocorticoids increase consumption of low quality foods high in calories, sugar, and fat. We explored the relationship between cortisol levels, poor blood glucose control, and food quality choice in T2DM. Twenty-seven healthy controls were age-, gender- and education-matched to 27 T2DM participants. Standard clinical blood tests and cortisol values were measured from fasting blood samples. Participants recorded all consumed food and drink items in a consecutive 3-day food diary. Diaries were analyzed for “high quality” and “low quality” foods using a standardized method with high reliability (0.97 and 0.86, respectively). Controlling for education, body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), log-transformed cortisol (LogC) predicted the percent of low quality foods (R 2 = 0.092, β = 0.360, P
- Published
- 2011
199. Disinhibited Eating in Obese Adolescents Is Associated With Orbitofrontal Volume Reductions and Executive Dysfunction
- Author
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Claire J. Hoogendoorn, Victoria Sweat, Lawrence Maayan, and Antonio Convit
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Article ,Executive Function ,Young Adult ,Endocrinology ,Body Size ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Psychiatry ,Growth Disorders ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,Feeding Behavior ,Adolescent Development ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Frontal Lobe ,Cognitive test ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adolescent Behavior ,Disinhibition ,Female ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,medicine.symptom ,Cognition Disorders ,business ,Orbit ,Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire ,Clinical psychology ,Stroop effect ,Executive dysfunction - Abstract
In adults, obesity has been associated with disinhibited eating, decreased cortical gray matter volume, and lower performance on cognitive assessments. Much less is known about these relationships in adolescence and there are no studies assessing behavioral, cognitive, and neurostructural measures in the same group of study participants. This study examined the relationship between obesity, executive function, disinhibition, and brain volumes in relatively healthy youth. Participants included 54 obese and 37 lean adolescents. Participants received a cognitive battery, questionnaires of eating behaviors, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuropsychological assessments included tasks targeting frontal lobe function. Eating behaviors were determined using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and structural MRIs were performed on a 1.5 T Siemens Avanto MRI System (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) to determine brain gray matter volumes. Lean and obese adolescents were matched on age, years of education, gender, and socioeconomic status. Relative to lean adolescents, obese participants had significantly higher ratings of disinhibition on the TFEQ, lower performance on the cognitive tests, and lower orbitofrontal cortex volume. Disinhibition significantly correlated with Body Mass Index, Stroop Color-Word score, and orbitofrontal cortex volume. This is the first report of these associations in adolescents and point to the importance of better understanding the associations between neurostructural deficits and obesity.
- Published
- 2011
200. Obesity-mediated inflammation may damage the brain circuit that regulates food intake
- Author
-
Fanny Cazettes, Jessica I. Cohen, Po Lai Yau, Antonio Convit, and Hugues Talbot
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inflammation ,Overweight ,Fibrinogen ,Systemic inflammation ,Brain mapping ,Article ,Eating ,Internal medicine ,Neural Pathways ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Effective diffusion coefficient ,Obesity ,Molecular Biology ,Aged ,Brain Mapping ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Endocrinology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Developmental Biology ,medicine.drug ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Adiposity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and increased inflammation in the hypothalamus, a key structure in feeding behavior. It remains unknown whether inflammation impacts other brain structures that regulate feeding behavior. We studied 44 overweight/obese and 19 lean individuals with MRI and plasma fibrinogen levels (marker of inflammation). We performed MRI-based segmentations of the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampal volumes. Gray matter (GM) volumes were adjusted for head size variability. We conducted logistic and hierarchical regressions to assess the association between fibrinogen levels and brain volumetric data. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we created apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and conducted voxelwise correlational analyses. Fibrinogen concentrations were higher among the overweight/obese (t[61] = -2.33, P = 0.023). Lateral OFC associated together with fibrinogen correctly classified those with excess of weight (accuracy = 76.2%, sensitivity = 95.5%, and specificity=31.6%). The lateral OFC volumes of overweight/obese were negatively associated with fibrinogen (r = -0.37, P = 0.016) and after accounting for age, hypertension, waist/hip ratio and lipid and sugar levels, fibrinogen significantly explained an additional 9% of the variance in the lateral OFC volume (β = -0.348, ΔR(2) = 0.093, ΔF P = 0.046). Among overweight/obese the associations between GM ADC and fibrinogen were significantly positive (P0.001) in the left and right amygdala and the right parietal region. Among lean individuals these associations were negative and located in the left prefrontal, the right parietal and the left occipital lobes. This is the first study to report that adiposity-related inflammation may reduce the integrity of some of the brain structures involved in reward and feeding behaviors.
- Published
- 2011
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