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155. Standards of care for occupational asthma: an update

Author

Fishwick, David, Barber, Christopher Michael, Bradshaw, Lisa M, Ayres, Jon G, Barraclough, Richard, Burge, Sherwood, Corne, Jonathan M, Cullinan, Paul, Frank, Timothy Laszlo, Hendrick, David, Hoyle, Jennifer, Curran, Andrew D, Niven, Robert, Pickering, Tony, Reid, Peter, Robertson, Alastair, Stenton, Chris, Warburton, Christopher J, and Nicholson, Paul J

Published
2012
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157. Occupational asthma often goes unrecognised

Author

Cullinan, Paul and Cannon, Julie

Subjects
Asthma -- Diagnosis, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Which patients are at high risk? What are the common culprits? How should diagnosis be confirmed? CONSIDER THESE TWO NARRATIVES: 1 'I never had asthma until I started this job; [...]

Published
2012

160. Update on Covid-age

Author

Coggon, David, primary, Croft, Peter, additional, Cullinan, Paul, additional, and Williams, Anthony, additional

Published
2020
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168. Relationships between airborne pollutants, serum albumin adducts and short-term health outcomes in an experimental crossover study

Author

Preston, George W., primary, Dagnino, Sonia, additional, Ponzi, Erica, additional, Sozeri, Osman, additional, van Veldhoven, Karin, additional, Barratt, Benjamin, additional, Liu, Sa, additional, Grigoryan, Hasmik, additional, Lu, Sixin S., additional, Rappaport, Stephen M., additional, Chung, Kian Fan, additional, Cullinan, Paul, additional, Sinharay, Rudy, additional, Kelly, Frank J., additional, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, additional, Vineis, Paolo, additional, and Phillips, David H., additional

Published
2020
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170. Effect of lung-volume-reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema

Author

Geddes, Duncan, Davies, Michael, Koyama, Hiroshi, Hansell, David, Pastorino, Ugo, Pepper, John E., Agent, Penny, Cullinan, Paul, MacNeill, Stephanie J., and Goldstraw, Peter

Subjects
Emphysema, Pulmonary
Abstract

Lung-volume reduction surgery may improve the health of people with severe emphysema. During this type of surgery, surgeons remove portions of the diseased lung. Researchers randomly assigned 48 patients with severe emphysema to receive lung-volume-reduction surgery or drug therapy consisting of corticosteroids, beta-agonists, and theophylline. Twenty-one percent of the surgery patients died compared to 12% of the drug therapy group. Six months later, the surgery group had better lung function whereas the drug therapy group had worse lung function. Walking distance increased in the surgery patients but decreased in the drug therapy patients.

Published
2000

173. Farming, pesticide exposure and respiratory health: a cross-sectional study in Thailand.

Author

Ratanachina, Jate, Amaral, Andre, De Matteis, Sara, Cullinan, Paul, and Burney, Peter

Abstract

Objective: To assess the association of lung function and respiratory symptoms with farming, particularly pesticide use, in an agricultural province in Thailand.Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional survey of adults aged 40-65 in Nan province, Thailand, between May and August 2019. We randomly recruited 345 villagers and enriched the sample with 82 government employees. All participants performed post-bronchodilator spirometry and completed a questionnaire covering information on respiratory symptoms, farming activities, pesticide use and known risk factors for respiratory disease. Associations of respiratory outcomes with farming and pesticide exposures were examined by multivariable regression analysis.Results: The response rate was 94%. The prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction among villagers was 5.5%. Villagers had, on average, a lower percent predicted post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) than government employees (98.3% vs 100.3%; p=0.04). There was no evidence of association of lung function with farming activities, the use of specific herbicides (glyphosate and paraquat), insecticides (organophosphates and pyrethroids) or fungicides. The exceptions were poultry farming, associated with chronic cough and an increase of FEV1/FVC, and atrazine, for which duration (p-trend <0.01), intensity (p-trend <0.01) and cumulative hours (p-trend=0.01) of use were all associated with higher FEV1/FVC in an exposure-response manner. Cumulative hours (-280 mL/hour), low duration (-270 mL/year) and intensity (-270 mL/hour/year) of atrazine use were associated with lower FVC.Conclusions: Chronic airflow obstruction is uncommon among villagers of an agricultural province in Nan, Thailand. Farming and pesticide use are unlikely to be major causes of respiratory problems there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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175. Causes of variability in latent phenotypes of childhood wheeze

Author

Oksel, Ceyda, Granell, Raquel, Mahmoud, Osama, Custovic, Adnan, Henderson, A. John, Arshad, Syed Hasan, Colicino, Silvia, Cullinan, Paul, Curtin, John, Devereux, Graham, Holloway, John, Murray, Clare S., Roberts, Graham, Simpson, Angela, Turner, Steve, Bush, Andrew, Ghazal, Peter, Grigg, Jonathan, Lloyd, Clare M., Marsland, Benjamin, Power, Ultan, Saglani, Sejal, Schwarze, Jurgen, and Shields, Mike

Abstract

Background: latent class analysis (LCA) has been used extensively to identify (latent) phenotypes of childhood wheezing. However, the number and trajectory of discovered phenotypes differed substantially between studies. Objective: to investigate sources of variability affecting the classification of phenotypes, identify key time points for data collection to understand wheeze heterogeneity, and ascertain the association of childhood wheeze phenotypes with asthma and lung function in adulthood. Methods: we used LCA to derive wheeze phenotypes among 3167 participants in the ALSPAC cohort who had complete information on current wheeze recorded at 14 time points from birth to age 16½ years. We examined the effects of sample size, data collection age and intervals on the results, and identified time points. We examined the associations of derived phenotypes with asthma and lung function at age 23-24 years. Results: relatively large sample size (>2000) underestimated the number of phenotypes under some conditions (e.g. number of time points

Published
2019

176. Particulate air pollution on London Underground: health effects

Author

Carslaw, Nicola, Boobis, Alan, Cullinan, Paul, Green, David, Jarvis, Deborah, Loxham, Matthew, and Stedman, John

Subjects
human activities, complex mixtures
Abstract

COMEAP statement on the evidence of health effects on the travelling public from exposure to particulate matter in the London Underground.

Published
2019

185. Severe occupational asthma: Insights from a multicenter European cohort.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Vandenplas, Olivier, Godet, Julien, Hurdubaea, Laura, Rifflart, Catherine, Suojalehto, Hille, Walusiak-Skorupa, Jolanta, Munoz, Xavier, Sastre, Joaquin, Klusackova, Pavlina, Moore, Vicky, Merget, Rolf, Talini, Donatella, Kirkeleit, Jorunn, Mason, Paola, Folletti, Ilenia, Cullinan, Paul, Moscato, Gianna, Quirce, Santiago, Hoyle, Jennifer, Sherson, David, Kauppi, Paula, Preisser, Alexandra, Meyer, Nicolas, de Blay, Frédéric, European network for the PHenotyping of OCcupational ASthma (E-PHOCAS) investigators, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Vandenplas, Olivier, Godet, Julien, Hurdubaea, Laura, Rifflart, Catherine, Suojalehto, Hille, Walusiak-Skorupa, Jolanta, Munoz, Xavier, Sastre, Joaquin, Klusackova, Pavlina, Moore, Vicky, Merget, Rolf, Talini, Donatella, Kirkeleit, Jorunn, Mason, Paola, Folletti, Ilenia, Cullinan, Paul, Moscato, Gianna, Quirce, Santiago, Hoyle, Jennifer, Sherson, David, Kauppi, Paula, Preisser, Alexandra, Meyer, Nicolas, de Blay, Frédéric, and European network for the PHenotyping of OCcupational ASthma (E-PHOCAS) investigators

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although sensitizer-induced occupational asthma (OA) accounts for an appreciable fraction of adult asthma, the severity of OA has received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the burden and determinants of severe OA in a large multicenter cohort of subjects with OA. METHODS: This retrospective study included 997 subjects with OA ascertained by a positive specific inhalation challenge completed in 20 tertiary centers in 11 European countries during the period 2006 to 2015. Severe asthma was defined by a high level of treatment and any 1 of the following criteria: (1) daily need for a reliever medication, (2) 2 or more severe exacerbations in the previous year, or (3) airflow obstruction. RESULTS: Overall, 162 (16.2%; 95% CI, 14.0%-18.7%) subjects were classified as having severe OA. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that severe OA was associated with persistent (vs reduced) exposure to the causal agent at work (odds ratio [OR], 2.78; 95% CI, 1.50-5.60); a longer duration of the disease (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07); a low level of education (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.73-4.18); childhood asthma (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.13-7.36); and sputum production (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.87-4.38). In subjects removed from exposure, severe OA was associated only with sputum production (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.87-7.40); a low education level (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.72-6.80); and obesity (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.97-3.97). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a substantial proportion of subjects with OA experience severe asthma and identifies potentially modifiable risk factors for severe OA that should be targeted to reduce the adverse impacts of the disease.

Published
2019

186. Impact of short-term traffic-related air pollution on the metabolome - Results from two metabolome-wide experimental studies

Author

van Veldhoven, Karin, Kiss, Agneta, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Robinot, Nivonirina, Scalbert, Augustin, Cullinan, Paul, Chung, Kian Fan, Collins, Peter, Sinharay, Rudy, Barratt, Benjamin M, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Rodoreda, Albert Ambros, Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria, Vlaanderen, Jelle, Vermeulen, Roel, Portengen, Lützen, Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A, Ponzi, Erica, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Vineis, Paolo, van Veldhoven, Karin, Kiss, Agneta, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Robinot, Nivonirina, Scalbert, Augustin, Cullinan, Paul, Chung, Kian Fan, Collins, Peter, Sinharay, Rudy, Barratt, Benjamin M, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Rodoreda, Albert Ambros, Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria, Vlaanderen, Jelle, Vermeulen, Roel, Portengen, Lützen, Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A, Ponzi, Erica, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, and Vineis, Paolo

Published
2019

187. Impact of short-term traffic-related air pollution on the metabolome – Results from two metabolome-wide experimental studies

Author

van Veldhoven, Karin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-6148, Kiss, Agneta, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Robinot, Nivonirina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1455, Scalbert, Augustin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6651-6710, Cullinan, Paul, Chung, Kian Fan, Collins, Peter, Sinharay, Rudy, Barratt, Benjamin M, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Rodoreda, Albert Ambros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-1747, Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria, Vlaanderen, Jelle; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X, Vermeulen, Roel; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-8163, Portengen, Lützen, Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A, Ponzi, Erica, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Vineis, Paolo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-4566, van Veldhoven, Karin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-6148, Kiss, Agneta, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Robinot, Nivonirina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-1455, Scalbert, Augustin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6651-6710, Cullinan, Paul, Chung, Kian Fan, Collins, Peter, Sinharay, Rudy, Barratt, Benjamin M, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Rodoreda, Albert Ambros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7968-1747, Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria, Vlaanderen, Jelle; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X, Vermeulen, Roel; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-8163, Portengen, Lützen, Kyrtopoulos, Soterios A, Ponzi, Erica, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, and Vineis, Paolo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-4566

Abstract

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with adverse health outcomes but underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Two randomized crossover trials were used here, the Oxford Street II (London) and the TAPAS II (Barcelona) studies, where volunteers were allocated to high or low air pollution exposures. The two locations represent different exposure scenarios, with Oxford Street characterized by diesel vehicles and Barcelona by normal mixed urban traffic. Levels of five and four pollutants were measured, respectively, using personal exposure monitoring devices. Serum samples were used for metabolomic profiling. The association between TRAP and levels of each metabolic feature was assessed. All pollutant levels were significantly higher at the high pollution sites. 29 and 77 metabolic features were associated with at least one pollutant in the Oxford Street II and TAPAS II studies, respectively, which related to 17 and 30 metabolic compounds. Little overlap was observed across pollutants for metabolic features, suggesting that different pollutants may affect levels of different metabolic features. After observing the annotated compounds, the main pathway suggested in Oxford Street II in association with NO2 was the acyl-carnitine pathway, previously found to be associated with cardio-respiratory disease. No overlap was found between the metabolic features identified in the two studies.

Published
2019

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