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This study employs advanced geospatial analytical techniques to evaluate the vulnerability of Nigeria's coastal states and their constituent local government areas to flood hazards, which represent a critical and escalating risk within the coastal hazard paradigm intensified by climate change phenomena. The study's objective is to utilize geospatial data to delineate and quantify the intensity and distribution of flood susceptibility, thus establishing a foundational framework for developing comprehensive disaster management strategies in response to the challenges posed by climate variability. The research uses satellite imagery and geographic information system (GIS)-based hydrological modeling to delineate regions susceptible to flooding, synthesizing topographical and hydrological data to stratify areas into discrete flood susceptibility categories. The findings indicate that the Delta coastal State of Nigeria contains extensive medium to high-risk flood zones spanning 8304.57 km2. While the Bayelsa coastal State of Nigeria presents critical areas at high to very high flood risk, encompassing 5506.61 km2 at high risk and 1826.88 km2 at very high risk, this highlights the urgent necessity for immediate and strategic mitigation measures. This research highlights the critical importance of geospatial technology in shaping disaster management and enhancing community resilience against increasing flood frequencies. As Nigeria's coastal regions face escalating flood susceptibility, advanced geospatial methods are vital for assessing and mitigating these climate-induced threats, contributing to climate-resilient planning and aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action. The study's geospatial approach delivers precise flood risk evaluations and guides targeted mitigation efforts, marking significant progress in managing coastal hazards in a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating cloud-based algorithms for disaster recovery (DR), it explores data replication, failover, virtual machine (VM) migration, and consistency algorithms. These algorithms play a pivotal role in safeguarding data and system continuity during unforeseen disruptions. Data replication ensures redundancy, failover algorithms swiftly transition to backup resources, VM migration facilitates resource optimization, and consistency algorithms maintain data integrity. Leveraging cloud technology enhances the effectiveness of these algorithms, providing robust DR solutions critical for business continuity in today's digital landscape. The recent growth in popularity of internet services on a massive scale has also raised the demand for stable underpinnings. Despite the fact that DR for big data is frequently overlooked in security research, the majority of existing approaches use a narrow, endpoint-centric approach. The significance of DR strategies has grown as cloud storage has become the norm for more data. But traditional cloud-centric DR techniques may be expensive, thus less expensive alternatives are being sought. There is persistent concern in the information technology (IT) community about whether or not cloud service providers (CPs) can guarantee data and service continuity in the event of a disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents insights from a community-led initiative in South Australia aimed at enhancing disaster resilience in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant and refugee communities. Anchored in the principles of community cohesion, empowerment and informed action, the project addresses socio-cultural dynamics and communication barriers. A series of workshops and forums, tailored to account for cultural sensitivity, showed strengthened community collaboration, skills development and increased awareness of the psychosocial effects of disasters, prompting proactive strategies that consider the unique vulnerabilities and strengths of CALD communities. Participant testimonials noted increased community spirit and practical application of acquired knowledge, including understanding local hazard risk profiles and trust-building with emergency services organisations. The findings demonstrate the importance of mitigating access challenges, integrating diverse community perspectives into resiliencebuilding activities and ensuring the inclusivity of management policies. Highlighting the significance of strengths-based community-driven approaches in emergency and disaster management, particularly for marginalised groups, this initiative found that engaging communities as active contributors enables more resilient and self-efficacious populations that effectively bridge cultural and linguistic gaps in preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-energy events such as tsunamis pose significant threats to coastal infrastructure and buildings, necessitating effective mitigation strategies to minimize damage. Compared to massive construction measures, buffer blocks are increasingly recognized as a potential solution for reducing the impact of such events. Understanding their effectiveness and optimizing their placement configurations is crucial for enhancing coastal resilience. The present study aims to experimentally evaluate the influence of buffer blocks on the depth of tsunami inundation. By comparing different configurations of buffer blocks, this study seeks to identify the most effective one for reducing the inundating flow depth. The laboratory tests revealed that the buffer blocks significantly influence flow depth and its characteristics. For ratios of flow depth to block height (R) below 1.5, the buffer blocks exhibited a delay in the arrival of the flow and effectively reduced the flow depths. However, for R values greater than 1.5, the effectiveness reduced as the flow began to overtop the obstructions. The increase in the flow depth at the buffer blocks was the least for a single-row configuration, while the multiple-row configurations with wider spacing offered higher flow resistance and increased the flow depths in front of the blocks. These findings suggest that strategically configured buffer blocks can substantially enhance coastal protection against high-energy flow events during natural coastal hazards. This study provides critical insights into the design and optimization of buffer block configurations, contributing to improved coastal infrastructure resilience and disaster mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of the oblique photography technique, it has been used more and more widely in the field of geological disasters. It can quickly obtain the three-dimensional (3D) real scene model of dangerous mountainous areas under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel while restoring the real geographic information as much as possible. However, geological disaster areas are often accompanied by many adverse factors such as cliffs and dense vegetation. Based on this, the paper introduced the flight line design of oblique photogrammetry, analyzed the multi-platform data fusion processing, studied the multi-period data dynamic evaluation technology and proposed the application methods of data acquisition, early warning, disaster assessment and decision management suitable for geological disaster identification through the analysis of actual cases, which will help geologists to plan and control geological work more scientifically and rationally, improve work efficiency and reduce the potential personnel safety hazards in the process of geological survey, to offer technical support to the application of oblique photogrammetry in geological disaster identification and decision making and provide the scientific basis for personal and property safety protection and later-stage geological disaster management in disaster areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The western region of Sichuan Province, located in the Hengduan Mountains, is one of China's most seismically active zones. Due to limited land resources, many villages in western Sichuan Province are situated in mountainous and valley areas, facing harsh climatic conditions, lagging economic development, and insufficient infrastructure. After experiencing seismic disasters, these villages often encounter challenges, such as cut-off mountain roads, difficulties in delivering relief supplies, and sharply a significant drop in nighttime temperatures due to the high-altitude climate. Consequently, in the case of the economic underdevelopment and limited resources, how to repurpose existing buildings for disaster relief has become a crucial issue for disaster prevention and mitigation in these villages. This paper takes Ganbao Tibetan Village, located in the alpine gorge regions of western Sichuan Province, as a case study. It evaluates the interior space utilization status of different types of existing public buildings during disasters, calculates the effective utilization rate of interior space disaster reduction conversion based on the spatial layout model, and extracts the typical interior space dimensions that are conducive to disaster relief and conversion of public buildings based on the interior space utilization characteristics of disaster relief. This study provides a reference for the design of public service buildings considering the requirements of disaster resilience transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye's earthquake zone, primarily located along the North Anatolian Fault, is one of the world's most seismically active regions, frequently experiencing devastating earthquakes, such as the one in Hatay in 2023. Therefore, reconstructing energy-efficient buildings after major earthquakes enhances disaster resilience and promotes energy efficiency through retrofitting, renovation, or demolition and reconstruction. To this end, this study proposes implementing energy-efficient design solutions in dwelling units to minimize energy consumption in new buildings in Hatay, Southern Turkiye, an area affected by the 2023 earthquake. This research focused on a five-story residential building in the district of Kurtlusarımazı, incorporating small-scale Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) with thin-film photovoltaic (PV) panels, along with the application of a green wall surrounding the building. ANSYS Fluent v.R2 Software was used for a numerical investigation of the small-scale IceWind turbine, and DesignBuilder Software v.6.1.0.006 was employed to simulate the baseline model and three energy-efficient design strategies. The results demonstrated that small-scale VAWTs, PV panels, and the application of a green wall reduced overall energy use by 8.5%, 18%, and 4.1%, respectively. When all strategies were combined, total energy consumption was reduced by up to 28.5%. The results of this study could guide designers in constructing innovative energy-efficient buildings following extensive demolition such as during the 2023 earthquake in Hatay, Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses two large datasets to explore the output dynamics following economic disasters, one including 180 economic disasters across 38 countries over the last two centuries and the other including 204 disasters in 182 countries since World War II. Our results suggest that extreme economic crises are associated with huge and remarkably persistent loss. On average, output loss surges to above 26% in the first few years after the outbreak of a disaster and remains above 20% for as long as 20 years. It is only after more than 50 years that the loss is fully recovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical infrastructures are ubiquitous and their interdependencies have become more complex leading to their uncertain behaviors in the aftermath of disasters. The article develops an integrated economic input–output model that incorporates household‐level survey data from Hurricane Sandy, which made its landfall in 2012. In this survey, 427 respondents who were living in the state of New Jersey during Hurricane Sandy were used in the study. The integration of their responses allowed us to show the probability and duration of various types of critical infrastructure failures due to a catastrophic hurricane event and estimate the economic losses across different sectors. The percentage of disruption and recovery period for various infrastructure systems were extracted from the survey, which were then utilized in the economic input–output model comprising of 71 economic sectors. Sectors were then ranked according to: (i) inoperability, the percentage in which a sector is disrupted relative to its ideal level, and (ii) economic loss, the monetary worth of business interruption caused by the disaster. With the combined infrastructure disruptions in the state of New Jersey, the model estimated an economic loss of $36 billion, which is consistent with published estimates. Results from this article can provide insights for future disaster preparedness and resilience planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes environment policies in Serbia that are vital for boosting economic competitiveness while enhancing environmental sustainability and resilience against climate-related risks. Topics discussed include climate change mitigation, circular economy covering waste reduction and sustainable production and consumption, ecosystems protection, challenges in managing biodiversity, freshwater and forestry, and pollution prevention policies on air quality, water supply and sanitation.

Rainstorm and the induced flood disaster often cause serious damage to transportation system, resulting in the loss of life and property. To improve the resilience of transportation system, this study proposes a framework for assessing the impacts of rainstorm and flood disaster on road network based on GPS data. The change ratio of traffic flow and congestion index are used to evaluate the disrupted and detour road sections caused by rainstorm. A method based on the change of traffic flow compared to the normal circumstances is proposed to identify the flood‐damaged road sections. A case study in Beijing verifies the feasibility and practicality of the proposed framework, which can effectively assess the impacts of rainstorm from multiple spatial and temporal dimensions, identify the flood‐damaged road sections, and supplement existing research. Research findings can provide scientific basis for the emergency management departments to accurately identify the roads affected by rainstorm and improve the resilience of transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the first environmental crises to attract interest in development initiatives and aid was the great drought of the 1970s in the Sahel. This study investigates the extent of damage caused by natural disasters from one of the most widely used databases—EM-DAT—with a sample size of 16 Sahelian countries over the period 1960–2020. These countries have been divided into three regions: Western Africa Sahel (WAS), Central Africa Sahel (CAS), and Eastern Africa Sahel (EAS). The analyses encompass four categories of natural hazards, namely, biological, climatological, hydrological, and meteorological. We used descriptive and test statistics to summarize the natural disaster records. Through this approach, we explore tendencies to identify the most frequently reported natural hazards; we examine their spatial distribution and evaluate their impacts in terms of socioeconomic damage and causalities. During the study period, a total of 1000 events were recorded in the database. The Western Africa Sahel (WAS) region had the highest number of disasters, with 476 events, followed by the Eastern Africa Sahel (EAS) region with 369 events. The most common hazards in the Sahel were hydrological (41.8%), mainly floods, and biological (39.5%) hazards. Approximately 300 million people in the Sahel were affected by natural hazards, with 59.17% in EAS, 36.48% in WAS, and 4.35% in CAS. Although droughts occurred less frequently (14%), they had a significant impact on the population, affecting 84% of those affected by natural hazards. In general, EAS experiences a higher impact from natural hazards, potentially influenced by the pastoral lifestyle of its population. However, WAS is also very vulnerable to natural hazards especially epidemics and nowadays floods. The uncontrolled urbanization in the area may contribute to this vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the Duwamish Valley community in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. and other environmental justice communities nationally contend with growing risks from climate change, there have been calls for a more community-centered approach to understanding impacts and priorities to inform resilience planning. To engage community members and identify climate justice and resilience priorities, a partnership of community leaders, government-based practitioners, and academics co-produced a survey instrument and collected data from the community using the Seattle Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (SASPER), an approach adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER). In addition, we conducted a process and outcome project evaluation using quantitative survey data collected from volunteers and qualitative semi-structured interviews with project team members. In October and November 2022, teams of volunteers from partner organizations collected 162 surveys from households in the Duwamish Valley. Poor air quality, extreme heat, and wildfires were among the highest reported hazards of concern. Most Duwamish Valley households agreed or strongly agreed that their neighborhood has a strong sense of community (64%) and that they have people nearby to call when they need help (69%). Forty-seven percent of households indicated willingness to get involved with resilience planning, and 62% of households said that they would use a Resilience Hub during an emergency. Survey volunteers evaluated their participation positively, with over 85% agreeing or strongly agreeing that they learned new skills, were prepared for the survey, and would participate in future assessments. The evaluation interviews underscored that while the SASPER may have demonstrated feasibility in a pre-disaster phase, CASPER may not meet all community/partner needs in the immediate disaster response phase because of its lack of focus on equity and logistical requirements. Future research should focus on identifying less resource intensive data collection approaches that maintain the rigor and reputation of CASPER while enabling a focus on equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new family of scalable codes with locality and availability for information repair in data storage systems for e-health applications was presented recently. The construction was based on a graph of the [7, 3-4] Simplex code. In this paper it is shown that the construction can be generalized via tessellation in a Euclidian plane. The codes obtained have new interesting recoverability properties. They can in some cases repair damage to many storage nodes in multiple connected graphs via sequential decoding, which is similar to healing wounds in biological systems. The advantages of the original codes, namely the availability, functionality, efficiency and high data accessibility, will be preserved also in these new codes. The computational complexity and communication costs of their incrementation will remain constant and modest. These codes could be adapted to disaster recovery because it is straightforward to place the nodes so that the graph is easily mapped on a real structure in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From December 10 to December 11, 2021, a deadly tornado outbreak struck across several states in the US, including Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. This tornado outbreak resulted in at least $3.9 billion in damage, more than 90 fatalities, and hundreds of injuries. Mayfield, Kentucky, a small city in the eastern United States, was hit by a long-track tornado rated as an Enhanced Fujita 4 (EF4) scale and was one of the communities most heavily damaged during the tornado outbreak. Following the 2021 tornado event, an analysis was performed in the Interdependent Networked Community Resilience Modeling Environment (IN-CORE) for the City of Mayfield to investigate a design code change for residential structures and its effect on communitywide metrics related to functionality and dislocation. Specifically, the IN-CORE modeling environment was used to hindcast the community-level building damage and forecast the community-level building recovery in Mayfield for residential buildings. This required the development of a Mayfield test bed for IN-CORE with a focus on buildings. The generalization of multidisciplinary community resilience modeling from a test bed community to a real community impacted by a recent major tornado event is intended to benchmark that IN-CORE has a strong potential and capability to forecast/hindcast community resilience and provide what-if scenarios for decision makers, city planners, and stakeholders in communities with similar sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood submergence has devastating effects on agricultural production in China, with rice being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Previous studies on rice submergence stress have primarily focused on immediate yield reduction and short-term growth. In this study, a submergence stress experiment was carried out by using the method of potted rice flooding. The growth recovery characteristics of rice under different submergence stress were analyzed through the continuous observation of rice growth after the disaster. The results showed that submergence stress had a persistent effect on rice growth, which persisted until the recovery period after the disaster. The recovery ability of rice plants decreased with the aggravation of stress, leading to increased damage to the plant. The average yield decreased by 17.07% and 15.56% due to submergence stress during the jointing and booting stage, respectively. The current study pointed out that the growth traits of and, furthermore, the mechanism of physiological changes in rice during the recovery period need to be explored in order to understand the effects of flooding stress on rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country that is prone to natural disasters. Landslide disaster are the 3rd highest disaster intensitas in Indonesia that happened in 2020.. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), Indonesia experienced 12,254 disasters during the period 2015 to 2019. Various kinds of disasters such as floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions occur and usually have impacts that make it difficult for people to get aid, one of which is food. Providing emergency food easy to consume and contains high calories is important to do and to increase the nation's food security. The development of emergency food based on local products has been widely explored. Method The study is a literature review with the keywords food resilient, landslides, emergency food product, food bars in several databases such as proquest, science direct, pubmed, and google scholar.Result The study aimed to review food bars as food resilient using lokal food ingredients during landslide disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety and resilience of learning facilities are critical issues in disaster-prone areas, in which natural hazards can pose significant risks to students, staff, and infrastructures. To address these issues, the SPRINT-Lab researchers at the University of Udine, under the UNESCO umbrella, conceived and developed the Visual Inspections for defining Safety Upgrading Strategies (VISUS) methodology. VISUS consists of visual inspections of school facilities, with the aim of providing decision-makers with evidence-based recommendations for upgrading safety and resilience in learning environments. This paper summarises the key features of the VISUS methodology and illustrates the progression of its application in the last decade, achieved through its implementation in pilot projects promoted by the UNESCO Unit on disaster risk reduction (DRR). In particular, the paper showcases the results achieved from the application of VISUS in various projects worldwide, and provides examples on how these results can be used to support decision-makers in formulating plans and strategies to improve school safety. Furthermore, the paper highlights the knowledge acquired and conclusions drawn from the various VISUS projects and provides insights into the practical implications of its implementation within the UN DRR policies, so as to improve the safety of learning facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When multiple types of disasters occur sequentially – a cascading disaster – certain adaptive capacities might become temporarily ineffective or invalid. Advancing an understanding of community resilience in the context of cascading disasters, the current study provides empirical evidence of a hybrid hyperlocal community of practice (HCoP), a novel communicative process facilitated by hybrid organizing, during the 2021 Texas, U.S.A. winter storm. Using interviews with 30 residents in a city that experienced critical infrastructure failures⁣ – i.e. power or water outages – we conducted a constant comparative analysis to explore how residents coped with a cascading winter storm through communicative practices. This study contributes to the community of practice literature by explicating how a sense of community is strengthened during a disaster through a hybrid hyperlocal community of practice (HCoP), and elaborates the actual mechanisms leading to community dysfunction when adaptive capacities became temporarily ineffective or invalid during a cascading disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the earthquake in Wenchuan in 2008, landslides have been happening frequently, causing a buildup of sediment in slopes and gullies. This creates a potential for mudslides and flash floods. It is important to create a model to assess the likelihood of landslides in Wenchuan County for disaster prevention. This study focuses on Wenchuan County, using 6180 co-seismic landslide sites as data. The relevant survey data is combined, and slope, normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI), peak seismic acceleration (PGA), stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from the road, distance from the fault, distance from the water system, relief intensity, aspect, curvature, land use type, and lithologic characters are chosen. The significance of the co-seismic landslide key influence factors is discussed. The study area's disaster susceptibility was assessed using the informative hierarchical analysis method model (I-AHP) and fully connected neural network (FCNN) model; the evaluation's findings mostly agreed with the survey's actual findings. The study's findings demonstrated that: (1) the FCNN model's AUC value was 0.910, while the I-AHP model's AUC value was 0.768, and the ROC curve and AUC value analysis indicated that the FCNN model outperformed the I-AHP model. (2) The three most significant influencing factors are lithology, topographic relief, and distance from roads; they account for 29.5%, 11%, and 10% of the total, respectively. Thus, landslide hazard research should be done in the high terrain undulating areas surrounding the road, and rock monitoring should be intensified in post-earthquake landslide-prone areas like Wenchuan County. (3) Given that Yingxiu Town is the epicentre of the region and that landslide disasters are highly likely to occur there, technical support for landslide disaster prediction, forecasting, safe prevention, and control in the area needs to be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As environmental disasters become more common and severe due to climate change, there is a growing need for strategies to bolster recovery that are proactive, cost-effective, and which mobilise community resources. Aims: We propose that building social group connections is a particularly promising strategy for supporting mental health in communities affected by environmental disasters. Methods: We tested the social identity model of identity change in a disaster context among 627 people substantially affected by the 2019–2020 Australian fires. Results: We found high levels of post-traumatic stress, strongly related to severity of disaster exposure, but also evidence of psychological resilience. Distress and resilience were weakly positively correlated. Having stronger social group connections pre-disaster was associated with less distress and more resilience 12–18 months after the disaster, via three pathways: greater social identification with the disaster-affected community, greater continuity of social group ties, and greater formation of new social group ties. New group ties were a mixed blessing, positively predicting both resilience and distress. Conclusions: We conclude that investment in social resources is key to supporting mental health outcomes, not just reactively in the aftermath of disasters, but also proactively in communities most at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As research on disasters in the tourism context matures, a more holistic understanding of how businesses and communities can recover is needed. Using the disorientation and reorientation framework, this study explores recovery as a place-based process. The perceptions and memories of key stakeholders of Binna Burra Lodge, which was affected by the 2019–2020 bushfires in Australia, are investigated and the analysis reveals two themes of disorientation and four of reorientation. It is proposed that various reorientation mechanisms can be deliberately activated to foster a smoother recovery process. Furthermore, this study shows that tourism-enabled social capital can assist disaster recovery in communities and that, through embracing traditional heritage, communities can not only deal with the loss but also prepare for future disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the rapidly urbanizing major economies in the developing world. As it embarks on its urban transition, many small tier-2 cities are already experiencing a large-scale transformation. This study examines the effects of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHI) effect from 2001 to 2020 on a tropical coastal urban complex, Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, a rapidly expanding tier-2 twin city in the Eastern Indian region. Our study reveals a clear discernible annual nighttime SUHI for both Bhubaneswar and Cuttack (0.75 ± 0.08 and 1.22 ± 0.07 °C) with a growth rate of 0.18 ± 0.07 and 0.13 ± 0.07 °C/decade, respectively. Surprisingly, the annual daytime SUHI is weakening for Bhubaneswar. Both night and daytime SUHI showed substantial seasonality with a clear asymmetry during the day and night. Daytime urban cool island effect was observed for Cuttack with Bhubaneswar reporting weak SUHI for daytime during dry seasons. Around the periphery of the cities, the diurnal temperature range (DTR) was found to be the highest. Furthermore, A decrease of 2 °C in the DTR has been reported over the past two decades. The urbanization effect on the local thermal climate of both cities is seen beyond the physical urban limits. Such changes, even in tier-2 cities, have significant potential to modulate local climate and underscore the need for detailed studies in the rapidly urbanizing cities of India and the world to enable disaster resilience, climate-proofing, and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the use of the rain-on-grid (or direct rainfall) method for flood risk assessment at a basin scale. The method is particularly useful for rural catchments with small vertical variations and complex interactions with man-made obstacles and structures, which may be oversimplified by traditional hydrologically based estimations. The use of a hydrodynamic model solving mass and momentum conservation equations allows the simulation of runoff over the watershed at a basin scale. As a drawback, more detailed and spatially distributed data are needed, and the computational time is extended. On the other hand, a smaller number of parameters is needed compared to a hydrological model. Roughness and rainfall loss coefficients need to be calibrated only. The direct rainfall methodology was here implemented within the two-dimensional HEC-RAS model for the low-land rural, and ungauged, watershed of the Terdoppio River, Northern Italy. The resulting hydrographs at the closing section of the watershed were compared to synthetic design hydrographs evaluated through pure hydrological modelling, showing agreement on the peak discharge values for the low-probability scenarios, but not on the total volumes. The results in terms of water depth and flow velocity maps were used to create flood hazard maps using the Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience methodology. The Index of Proportional Risk model was then adopted to generate a basin-scale flood risk map, by combining flood hazard maps, damage functions for different building-use classes, and the value of reconstruction and content per unit area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In February 2021, severe winter weather conditions associated with Winter Storm Uri triggered an energy infrastructure failure in Texas. Most Texans lost electricity, some lost potable water, natural gas, and suffered other infrastructure-related service disruptions that had profound household consequences. Although several studies have documented the disparities in terms of the types and extent of disruptions Texans experienced during Uri, there is little information about the impact of these disruptions in terms of their burdens on households. Guided by the Capabilities Approach framework, a survey of Texan households was conducted to identify the outage characteristics and capability losses for different household types, as well as the burdens that those disruptions posed to households using both objective and subjective measures. Our results indicate that households that endured longer and constant electricity outages suffered more severe impacts across all measures, including more disrupted household capabilities, increased time, and financial costs to cope during the outages, as well as greater declines in reported life satisfaction. We found that low-income households, households with children, and households with disability challenges suffered more severe objective burdens during the storm, although subjective results for these households were mixed. Households with members over the age of 65 fared better in terms of objective measures, yet suffered more in terms of subjective well-being. Moreover, households that had prior experience with a prolonged outage reported significantly smaller reductions in well-being during the storm than other households, despite not showing any difference in objective measures. Ultimately, our results offer context-specific, post-event information about the impacts and needs of different types of households during Uri that are important for informing emergency management and community resilience planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2023 set summer temperature records, stressing the urgency of tackling greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach that addresses vulnerable members of human society in urban, suburban, and rural environments. Vulnerability can be understood through the lens of equity, encompassing unjust social and political structures that dictate individuals' sensitivity and resilience to natural disasters. It also signifies an imbalance between structural factors, system dynamics, and the environment, resulting in varying susceptibility patterns across geographical scales. Addressing vulnerability's root causes involves examining structural factors, system dynamics, and the environment, alongside mapping heat vulnerability using diverse metrics for comparison and coherence. The intricate relationship between environmental hazards and human vulnerability underscores the need to comprehend the multifaceted concept of vulnerability. This involves understanding exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, collectively shaping an entity's susceptibility to extreme natural events. This review examines the intricate interplay between human vulnerability and environmental hazards, focusing on the context of heat-related risks. A more comprehensive understanding of heat challenges emerges by considering vulnerability variations influenced by human and environmental conditions. Population dynamics, often overlooked in vulnerability assessments, are recognized as critical determinants. We propose an integrated framework that advocates for incorporating changes in human and environmental conditions within vulnerability assessments, utilizing statistical predictive models to anticipate shifts due to population dynamics. Infrastructure and environmental factors are highlighted as essential components of vulnerability, requiring inclusion for accurate assessments at local levels. Challenges in vulnerability analysis, including defining outcomes and considering non-human species, are explored. Transformative heat policies are proposed to be concrete, inclusive, and responsive, emphasizing equity and involving stakeholders for effective governance. This review calls for more accurate, inclusive, and practical strategies for addressing heat-related vulnerabilities and enhancing community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters affect multiple sectors; therefore, the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts becomes increasingly apparent. The session "Transdisciplinary Approach: Toward Innovative Recovery and Disaster Risk Reduction" aimed to explore the importance and need for a transdisciplinary approach toward advancing disaster risk reduction and recovery. The approach can provide a systematic framework for organizing knowledge and perspectives across different disciplines. Panelists from different countries presented concepts and case studies to illustrate the effectiveness and challenges of this approach. Through presentations and discussions, it was found that this approach can foster innovation and inclusiveness, and that the data generated by science and technology are crucial for the formulation of disaster risk reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering resilience within the components of urban form can aid in the planning of disaster-prone cities and enable them to become more resilient. Although prior research has explored resilience and urban form, the aspects of urban form that can enhance natural disaster resilience remain relatively underexplored. Thus, this study aims to identify these aspects and explore research opportunities in the development of resilience concepts in urban form that have been previously studied by researchers. This study employs the systematic review method, which includes bibliometric analysis and a full-text review of the identified literature. The results show that plots, open spaces, buildings, and streets are the main variables in developing a resilient urban form. Additionally, the street network within the urban form is emphasized in emergency disaster planning. Most current research describes resilience in terms of the ability to withstand and adapt by restoring and operating systems as they were before the disaster occurred. Recommendations for future research include focusing on long-term resilience in urban form by implementing new operational methods in cities to achieve transformative adaptation. Another opportunity is to conduct research in locations with unique characteristics in developing countries, especially areas that have previously experienced significant natural disasters. This study contributes to the understanding of how urban form can be enhanced for resilience through the planning of its components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cyber attacks have a significant business impact, with the potential to escalate into crises if poorly managed. A recurring pattern is strategic dilemmas that cannot be resolved satisfactorily. Some dilemmas are more pronounced, others less so, and therefore often catch decision-makers unprepared, leaving only bad options for decision-making. Something that all dilemmas have in common is that the associated decisions can have a lasting impact on relationships with stakeholders. This paper introduces four recurring dilemmas; shows the typical considerations; lists options for mitigating these dilemmas; and describes the basic requirements for implementing mitigations. The dilemmas and options, in turn, are rooted in the organisation-specific design of: cyber security incident management and response; IT service continuity and disaster recovery management; business continuity management; and crisis management and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart agriculture modifies traditional farming practices, and offers innovative approaches to boost production and sustainability by leveraging contemporary technologies. In today's world where technology is everything, these technologies are utilized to streamline regular tasks and procedures in agriculture, one of the largest and most significant industries in every nation. This research paper stands out from existing literature on smart agriculture security by providing a comprehensive analysis and examination of security issues within smart agriculture systems. Divided into three main sections--security analysis, system architecture and design and risk assessment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) applications--the study delves into various elements crucial for smart farming, such as data sources, infrastructure components, communication protocols, and the roles of different stakeholders such as farmers, agricultural scientists and researchers, technology providers, government agencies, consumers and many others. In contrast to earlier research, this work analyzes the resilience of smart agriculture systems using approaches such as threat modeling, penetration testing, and vulnerability assessments. Important discoveries highlight the concerns connected to unsecured communication protocols, possible threats from malevolent actors, and vulnerabilities in IoT devices. Furthermore, the study suggests enhancements for CPS applications, such as strong access controls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption protocols. In addition, risk assessment techniques are applied to prioritize mitigation tactics and detect potential hazards, addressing issues like data breaches, system outages, and automated farming process sabotage. The research sets itself apart even more by presenting a prototype CPS application that makes use of a digital temperature sensor. This application was first created using a Tinkercad simulator and then using actual hardware with Arduino boards. The CPS application's defenses against potential threats and vulnerabilities are strengthened by this integrated approach, which distinguishes this research for its depth and usefulness in the field of smart agriculture security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition) is the property of Journal of Southeast University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In self-forming Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), the work introduces dynamic routing for heterogeneous nodes in an infrastructure-limited environment. Military, healthcare, and disaster recovery applications require efficient communication on these networks. Further, multi-hop MANET communication requires reducing packet loss due to energy limits and buffer overflow. The proposed routing mechanism selects energy-efficient, uncongested intermediary nodes and dynamically optimized routes for communication depending on packet loss likelihood. It greatly lowers packet loss, improving network reliability. Our mechanism outperforms energy-aware, buffer-aware, and reactive protocols in network lifetime and packet delivery. We quantify these improvements to verify our mechanism's effectiveness. The proposed mechanism makes MANETs a reliable solution for important applications by proactively optimizing routes to reduce packet loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on disaster damage estimation for buildings has gained extensive attention due to the increased number of disastrous events, facilitating risk assessment, the effective integration of disaster resilience measures, and policy development. A systematic mapping study has been conducted, focusing on disaster damage estimation studies to identify trends, relationships, and gaps in this large and exponentially growing subject area. A novel approach using machine learning algorithms to screen, categorise, and map the articles was adopted to mitigate the constraints of manual handling. Out of 8608 articles from major scientific databases, the most relevant 2186 were used in the analysis. These articles were classified based on the hazard, geographical location, damage function properties, and building properties. Key observations reveal an emerging trend in publications, with most studies concentrated in developed and severely disaster-affected countries in America, Europe, and Asia. A significant portion (68%) of the relevant articles focus on earthquakes. However, as the key research opportunities, a notable research gap exists in studies focusing on the African and South American continents despite the significant damage caused by disasters there. Additionally, studies on floods, hurricanes, and tsunamis are minimal compared to those on earthquakes. Further trends and relationships in current studies were analysed to convey insights from the literature, identifying research gaps in terms of hazards, geographical locations, and other relevant parameters. These insights aim to effectively guide future research in disaster damage estimation for buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban space's physical and environmental characteristics impact urban public safety. Specifically, many areas in the older urban core are morphologically unsafe. The historic city's resilience to natural disasters and emergency phenomena often surpasses expectations thanks to settlement principles, post-disaster transformations, and redundancies that enhance the performance of the historic built environment. Yet, the necessity to introduce new qualities to reclaim urban heritages scattered throughout the territory, often abandoned or sparsely populated, underscores the need for maintenance and management measures to boost safety and resilience. This study aims to identify technological components in urban space that influence the safety of places and define a design method for safety planning in historic urban settings. Urban safety interventions encompass various technological aspects in conjunction with the widespread distribution of equipment, adaptation of public and private facilities, and networked infrastructure and services. This paper delineates the elements that converge in the technological design of an appropriate historic town center to address potential emergencies. It presents the initial findings of studies conducted on a minor center with a strong historical value. This document aims to be useful for administrations of smaller municipalities, as the proposed method can be replicated in similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating community-based disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating, or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is a recurring and devastating natural disaster in Bangladesh, with significant flood events occurring regularly. The country has implemented various measures to combat these floods, including warning systems, storm shelters, and protective walls. However, the escalating threats of floods, salinization, and waterlogging pose dire risks to the coastal region and its inhabitants. Climate change exacerbates these risks, leading to increased financial and humanitarian costs. The government of Bangladesh has recognized the need for disaster management and flood management strategies, but there are critiques regarding its response to these challenges. Collaboration between policymakers, government agencies, and international organizations is crucial to finding solutions to the flooding crisis. [Extracted from the article]

Financial disasters can have catastrophic consequences for economies that extend beyond the organisational walls. This case study will examine the downfall of Silicon Valley Bank by exploring ineffective risk management practices and the absence of the Chief Risk Officer (CRO). It will begin by establishing a basic understanding of the bank's history and client base before diving into the events that led up to the third-largest bank run in US history. In our upcoming discussion, we will delve into the risk management standards that financial organisations typically employ to avoid insolvency. Additionally, we will emphasise the pivotal importance of the CRO role within such institutions. Finally, the study will conclude by emphasising the critical role of robust risk management practices, effective regulatory oversight and organisational reforms in mitigating the risks associated with financial disasters and safeguarding the resilience of the banking ecosystem. Understanding the impacts and lessons of past financial disasters is essential to build a more stable and resilient economic landscape as the financial system evolves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing threat posed by extreme natural disasters in industrial areas, where hazardous materials are handled, underscores the necessity for a robust safety management framework. Traditional safety management strategies based on the Quantitative Risk Assessment may fall short in assessing the long-term impacts of such events. Consequently, Resilience Engineering principles have been recently introduced in the context of process safety and Natech (natural hazards triggering technological disasters) accident response. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, the present study analyses existing methods for the quantitative resilience assessment of industrial systems to Natech events, focusing on chemical process plants and integrated energy systems. Moreover, the methodologies reviewed in this study are classified based on their key features, along with the resilience metrics adopted in the developed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rebuilding cities that have been significantly damaged or destroyed by multiple earthquakes is a challenging endeavor that has received considerable attention in recent days. It is necessary to conduct a thorough literature review to identify the key aspects that require closer examination to resolve this issue comprehensively. Significantly, the devastating earthquake that struck Kahramanmaraş caused extensive damage in twelve provinces, necessitating an immediate redesign of interior and outdoor spaces. This article emphasizes the importance of long-term planning involving multiple disciplines for implementing the proposed measures and actions. By leveraging the lessons learned from reconstruction efforts in earthquake-ravaged areas, it is possible to establish a comprehensive framework that provides policymakers, urban planners, and architects worldwide with invaluable guidance. By leveraging this collective knowledge, decision makers can develop holistic approaches that resolve immediate structural concerns and improve reconstructed cities' livability, adaptability, and disaster resilience. With Kahramanmaraş as a case study, this research provides a comprehensive road map for rebuilding earthquake-devastated urban spaces. This study provides invaluable insights into creating resilient cities that can withstand and recover from disasters by emphasizing long-term planning, interdisciplinary collaboration, and lessons from previous reconstruction efforts. The findings of this study have far-reaching implications for cities around the globe, as they shed light on effective strategies to mitigate the destructive impact of future disasters and promote sustainable urban development in an era of growing vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We study the role of insurance in improving household and community disaster recovery. Our analysis harnesses both a unique survey of residents impacted by four land‐falling hurricanes in the United States and foot traffic data on visits to local businesses. Households sort into two groups when it comes to financing recovery: those primarily using property insurance and those largely uninsured, instead relying more on friends and family. Insurance improves households' ability to participate in the local economy. Postflood visitation rates to many local businesses increase with greater flood insurance take‐up rates. Expanded participation in the local economy is consistent with insurance reducing financial constraints; indeed, insured households are less likely to report experiencing high financial burdens in both the short and longer‐run postdisaster and are less likely to have unmet funding needs. Despite this, motivating the purchase of disaster insurance remains challenging, particularly among low‐income households who perceive insurance as less useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Climate Resilient Urban Areas: Governance, Design, and Development in Coastal Delta Cities" edited by Rutger de Graaf-van Dinther is a comprehensive exploration of urban planning's response to climate change challenges, focusing on coastal delta cities. The book emphasizes the role of city planners and policymakers in developing global resilience strategies beyond traditional approaches. With contributions from 26 experts, the book offers innovative techniques and perspectives for creating resilient urban landscapes, reevaluating the concept of resilience in the face of global climate dynamics. The chapters provide practical insights and case studies, highlighting the importance of context-specific approaches and innovative governance in addressing climate change challenges in urban settings." [Extracted from the article]