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The aim of the study was to analyse daily milk yield from udder quarters of automatically milked primiparous and multiparous cows during lactation and with changing milking frequency. The daily milk yield of udder quarters was higher in multiparous than in primiparous cows. At the same time, differences were observed, especially in front and rear quarters, and also in left and right quarters. The front quarters (LF and RF) of primiparous cows produced an average of 6.75 and 6.71 kg milk, and those of multiparous cows by 0.78 and 0.51 kg milk more, respectively. Higher daily milk yield was characteristic of rear quarters: 8.22 kg (left) and 7.71 kg (right) in primiparous cows, and 10.06 and 10.47 kg in multiparous cows, respectively. With advancing lactation (from ≤100 to >300 days), the milk yield of all quarters was found to decrease. The lowest decrease was in left front quarters (by 3.40 kg) and the highest in right rear quarters (by 4.35 kg). This relationship was most evident in cows entering lactation (in the first lactation period of ≤100 days). As milking frequency increased, the milk yield of individual quarters increased markedly. In front quarters, left and right quarters showed similar milk yields for milking frequency of less than 2.50 times/day and more than 2.80 times/day. A similar relationship was observed for rear quarters. The contribution of front and rear quarters to daily production was 45.8–54.2% in primiparous cows and 41.8–58.2% in multiparous cows.Keywords: Milk, multiparous, primiparous, quarter milking

This article analysis the importance of the storage and transportation system and the current situation of transportation system of Nangang group, The storage system and transportation system are studied by means of system layout planning and queuing theory respectively, and I find the unreasonable layout of facilities and long waiting time problems of Nangang group storage and transportation system, Finally, put forward the reasonable arrangement of the geographical position and strict management of daily production to solve the above problems.

In this work, the management of a polyurethane foam plant is tackled through a mixed integer linear programming model that simultaneously solves production and inventory planning problems. The production process considers the foaming stage where large polyurethane blocks are produced as well as the curing step where the blocks are dried. The proposed formulation takes into account several tradeoffs involved in the overall production process. The daily production planning is tightly related to production requirements, available space for the curing and stored elements. Moreover, the required time to dry blocks introduces a delay that must be appropriately considered in order to allow an adequate operation of downstream operations. Thus, an integrated approach where all these problems are jointly addressed is proposed using a mathematical programming model. Several study cases provided by a local company are tested to demonstrate the model performance. Fil: Rodriguez, Maria Analia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo En Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo En Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada.; Argentina Fil: Corsano, Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; Argentina Fil: Vecchietti, Aldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; Argentina Fil: Montagna, Jorge Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; Argentina

The objective of this study was characterize some productive and reproductive parameters in Syrian Awassi ewe lambs during different age stages. Thirty Syrian Awassi ewe lambs aged around 3 months were divided equally into 2 groups, high and low growing to identify productive and reproductive parameters during different stages. Blood samples were collected to determine progesterone and leptin concentrations. Daily milk samples were collected to determine the average daily production. At puberty, average body weight of higher growing was higher (48.4 kg) than de crescimento low growing (42.8 kg). Average age at puberty was 359.5 and 394.9 days for high and low groups, respectively with no differences. Mating, lambing and fecundity rates were similar among groups. Progesterone concentration was very low and increased rapidly at puberty with a sharp increase during pregnancy, followed by a noticeable decrease post lambing. There were individual variations in leptin concentration with no clear trend in groups. Average leptin concentration at puberty was 2.42 and 2.50 ng mL-1 for higher and low groups, respectively with no difference. Average daily milk production was higher for the higher group (1.495 g day-1) compared to 1.077 g day-1 for low grups. Thus, the lambs growing alter produtive and reproductive parameters.

La curva de lactancia puede ser definida como la expresión del comportamiento productivo del rebaño caprino. Conocerla resulta una herramienta de selección. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el de estudiar el comportamiento productivo de cabras Saanen en condiciones semi intensivas mediante diferentes modelos matemáticos para describir así su curva de lactancia, caracterizar la evolución de la producción de leche y analizar su variación asociadas con el número de lactancia y el número de cabritos al parto. Se utilizaron registros de datos de lactancias correspondientes a 182 animales. De cada animal fue relevado el número de partos, el tipo de parto y la producción individual diaria a partir del tercer día pos parto hasta el final de lactancia (270 días). El modelo de Cappio-Borlino fue el que mejor ajuste presentó. Al analizar los resultados obtenidos en cuanto al momento en el que se alcanza el pico de producción se observa que, además de ser numéricamente menor, las cabras de primer parto son las que lo manifiestan más tardíamente respecto a las multíparas. A su vez, los animales con partos dobles si bien presentaron una mayor producción láctea al principio de la lactancia, la persistencia fue menor respecto a los de partos triple The lactation curve can be defined as the expression of the productive behavior of the goat herd. Knowing it is a selection tool. The objective of this work was to study the productive behavior of Saanen goats under semi-intensive conditions using different mathematical models to describe their lactation curve, characterize the evolution of milk production and analyze the variation associated with lactation number and the kids size. Data records of 182 animals were used. From each animal, we recorded: calving number, litter size and the individual daily production from the third day after parity until the end of lactation (270 days). The Cappio-Borlino model was the best fit. When analyzing the results obtained regarding the moment in which the production peak is reached, it is observed that, in addition to being numerically smaller, the goats of first calving are the ones that show it later with respect to the multiparous. In turn, the animals with double births, although they presented a higher milk production at the beginning of the lactation, the persistence was lower than goats with triple births. EEA Salta Fil: Martinez,Gabriela Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: León Jurado, J. M. Centro Agropecuario de Diputación de Córdoba, España Fil: Suarez, Victor Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina. Fil: Barba Capote, C. Universidad de Córdoba; España.

Accurate transfer demand prediction at bike stations is the key to develop balancing solutions to address the overutilization or underutilization problem often occurring in bike sharing system. At the same time, station transfer demand prediction is helpful to bike station layout and optimization of the number of public bikes within the station. Traditional traffic demand prediction methods, such as gravity model, cannot be easily adapted to the problem of forecasting bike station transfer demand due to the difficulty in defining impedance and distinct characteristics of bike stations (Xu et al. 2013). Therefore, this paper proposes a prediction method based on Markov chain model. The proposed model is evaluated based on field data collected from Zhongshan City bike sharing system. The daily production and attraction of stations are forecasted. The experimental results show that the model of this paper performs higher forecasting accuracy and better generalization ability.

The goal of this paper was to determine the effect of daily production level of primiparous Holstein cows kept on dairy cattle farms in Eastern Croatia on response to heat stress conditions (THI threshold). In order to do this, individual test- day records with data on ambient temperature and relative humidity in the barns were analysed. The data were collected in regular milk recording from 2006- 2012. The THI threshold values for daily milk yield were determined by least square analyses of variance for each given THI value (from 68 to 72) using the PROC MIXED (SAS). Low- producing cows experienced significant drop at THI=68, while in high- producing primiparous Holsteins the first significant drop in daily milk yield was observed when THI=69. Also, the amount of daily production drop depended on the cow’s production level (0.155-0.256 kg/day in high- producing ; 0.319- 0.460 kg/day in low- producing). It could be concluded that the response of primiparous Holstein cows kept in Eastern Croatia to heat stress conditions depends on daily production level.

espanolPequenos Brachionus sp. (130-230 µm) en 2011-2012 y superpequenos Brachionus sp. (110-140 µm) en 2013-2014, se cultivaron en un sistema por lotes (ciclos de 3 o 4 dias) y en sistemas semi-continuos. Para la alimentacion de rotiferos se usaron microalga concentrada (Nannochloropsis sp.), dosificada continuamente con una bomba peristaltica. Las condiciones del cultivo fueron provistas con aire, oxigeno e hidroximetanosulfonato de sodio. La produccion total promedio por dia fue 552, 602 y 459 millones de rotiferos d-1, con una densidad final promedio de cosecha de 1.099 rotiferos mL-1, 1.052 rotiferos mL-1 y 1.015 rotiferos mL-1, para tres dias (3-d), cuatro dias (4-d) del sistema de produccion por lotes y el sistema de produccion semi-continuo, respectivamente. Los valores promedios producidos de rotiferos fueron adecuados para suplir los requerimientos de rotiferos en los ciclos de cultivos piloto, para producir 169 x 10³/ano (2012) a 564 x 10³ (2013) juveniles/ano con una demanda media anual de 83,9 x 10(6) rotiferos/1000 juveniles producidos. Los costos totales operacionales por millon de rotiferos/dia fueron bajos con el sistema de cultivo semi-continuo ($0,23), seguido por el sistema por lotes de 4-d ($0,55) y el sistema por lotes de 3-d ($0,59). Estos costos de produccion fueron mas bajos que otros reportes de produccion con alimento artificial y sistemas de recirculacion. Los principales componentes de los costos operacionales fueron alimento (71-77%) y personal (7-11%). La mejor estabilidad y confiabilidad de la produccion fue con el sistema semi-continuo, el cual garantizo las cantidades requeridas diariamente para los cultivos de cria larval mas altos. Para posibles mejoras y aumento de la produccion, la discusion se basa en terminos de eficiencia financiera. EnglishSmall Brachionus sp. (130-230 µm) in 2011-2012 and tiny Brachionus sp. (110-140 µm) in 2013-2014 were reared in batch culture (3 or 4 day cycles) and semi-continuous systems. For feeding rotifers, nonviable microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp.) were used and were continuously dosed with peristaltic pumps. The cultures provided air, oxygen, and sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate. An average total daily production of 552, 602 and 459 million rotifers d-1 with mean final densities of 1,099 rotifers mL-1, 1,052 rotifers mL-1 and 1,015 rotifers mL-1 were harvested in three day (3-d) and four day (4-d) batch culture systems and semi-continuous culture systems, respectively. The average values of rotifers produced were adequate to supply the rotifers required in the parallel pilot rearing larval cycles, and 169 x 10³/yr (2012) to 564 x 10³ (2013) juveniles/yr were produced with a mean annual demand of 83.9 x 10(6) rotifers/1,000 juveniles produced. The total operational cost per million rotifers/day was lower for the semi-continuous culture system ($0.23), followed by the 4-d batch system ($0.55) and 3-d batch system ($0.59). These production costs were lower than those of other reports with artificial feeds and recirculation systems. The main components of the total operational cost was food (71-77%) and labor (7-11%). The best production stability and reliability were in the semi-continuous system, which best met the required daily quantities for the larval rearing trials. For possible improvements and increased production, the results are discussed in terms of financial efficiency.

Despite the increasing importance of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in research and clinical management of disease, access to myriad new radioactive tracers is severely limited due to their short half-lives (which requires daily production) and the high cost and complexity of tracer production. The application of droplet microfluidics based on electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) to the field of radiochemistry can significantly reduce the amount of radiation shielding necessary for safety, and the amount of precursor and other reagents needed for the synthesis. Furthermore, significant improvements in the molar activity of the tracers have been observed. However, widespread use of this technology is currently hinder in part by the high cost of prototype chips and operating complexity. To address these issues, we developed a novel microfluidic device based on patterned wettability for multi-step radiochemical reactions in microliter droplets and implemented automated systems for reagent loading and collection of the crude product after synthesis. In this paper, we describe a simple and inexpensive method for fabricating the chips, and demonstrate the feasibility of prototype chips for performing multi-step radiochemical reactions to produce the PET tracers [(18)F]fallypride and [(18)F]FDG, and further show that synthesized [(18)F]fallypride can be used for in vivo mouse imaging.

A Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajubaé (RESEX) situa-se na zona urbana de Florianópolis, capital do estado de Santa Catarina – Brasil, e tem no bivalve conhecido como berbigão (Anomalocardia brasiliana) o seu principal recurso pesqueiro. Por meio de 100 acompanhamentos diários da atividade extrativista realizados em 2005, este trabalho descreve a estrutura e a dinâmica da pesca do berbigão, apresentando o histórico de seu manejo. A captura foi realizada com a draga de mão, conhecida como “gancho”, por 22 homens e quatro mulheres, predominantemente no período matutino e sob lâminas d’água entre 20 e 50 cm. Em média, cada extrativista varreu 469,2 m2 e capturou 270,5 kg de berbigões vivos por dia de pesca, totalizando 888,6 t produzidas na RESEX em 2005. Mais de 97% dos indivíduos capturados superaram o tamanho mínimo legalmente estabelecido (20 mm de comprimento). Entretanto reduções expressivas nos comprimentos e na abundância do recurso ocorreram ao longo do tempo. A maior parte da captura foi comercializada com poucos compradores e na forma cozida e “desconchada”. As medidas de manejo atuais incluem limitações no número de extrativistas e no número de dias e horários de pesca/semana, distância mínima entre as barras de ferro do gancho, tamanho mínimo de captura, rotação espaço-temporal das áreas de pesca e o informe estatístico da produção. Apesar do grande volume de conhecimento científico e tradicional acumulado na área, e das medidas de manejo em vigor, construídas participativamente, a sustentabilidade da explotação do berbigão e da RESEX como um todo é constantemente ameaçada por fortes pressões de ordem administrativa, social, econômica, ambiental e burocrática. Neutralizar essas ameaças representa um dos principais desafios a serem enfrentados nessa importante unidade de conservação federal do Sul do Brasil.

In Chile, the cherry tree has been one of the fastest growing and most profitable crops in the last ten years. However, increasing production costs, the scarcity of hired labor, and unfavorable exchange rates have reduced the productivity and competitiveness of the Chilean fruit sector. The aim of this article is to evaluate the harvest labor quality in cherry growing in Chile through the use of productivity indicators. A harvest labor evaluation system (HLES) was designed and four indicators were measured: Average Weight of Harvested Box, Average Daily Production per Worker, Percent of Export Fruit, and Percent of Fruit Discarded. Significant differences werefound between the 2010/11 season (with the HLES implementation) and the previous seasons without HLES. The average worker yield, average weight of a filled box, and fruit quality improved, while the amount of discarded fruit decreased. Hired labor management in agriculture is crucial for improving the productivity of the fresh fruit export producers. The use of HLES and the adoption of new technologies could help to solve the competitiveness problem in the Chilean fruit sector. No Chile, a cerejeira tem sido uma das culturas de mais rápido crescimento e mais rentáveis nos últimos dez anos. No entanto, o aumento dos custos de produção, a escassez de mão de obra contratada, e taxas de câmbio desfavoráveis reduziram a produtividade e competitividade do setor de frutas no Chile. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade do trabalho na colheita em cerejeiras crescendo no Chile através da utilização de indicadores de produtividade. Um sistema de avaliação do trabalho de colheita (HLES) foi projetado e quatro indicadores foram medidos: Peso médio das caixas colhidas, produção diária média por trabalhador, percentagem de exportação de frutas, e percentagem de frutos descartados. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre 2010/11 (com a implementação do HLES) e das temporadas anteriores sem HLES. O rendimento médio por trabalhador, peso médio da caixa cheia, e a qualidade dos frutos melhorou, enquanto a quantidade de frutos descartados diminuiu. A administração do trabalho contratado na agricultura é crucial para melhoria da produtividade de produtores exportadores de frutas frescas. O uso do HLES e a adoção de novas tecnologias poderiam ajudar a resolver o problema de competitividade no sector de frutas chileno.

Based on the impact of the stress perturbation effect created by simultaneous propagation of multiple fractures in the process of simultaneous hydraulic fracturing, a thorough research on the mechanism and adaptation of simultaneous fracturing of double horizontal wells in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs was conducted by taking two adjacent horizontal wells (well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 located in Longdong area of China Changqing Oilfield) as field test wells. And simultaneous fracturing optimal design of two adjacent horizontal wells was finished and employed in field test. Micro-seismic monitoring analysis of fracture propagation during the stimulation treatment shows that hydraulic fractures present a pattern of complicated network expansion, and the well test data after fracturing show that the daily production of well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 reach 105.8 t/d and 87.6 t/d, which are approximately 9.4 times and 7.8 times the daily production of a fractured vertical well in the same area, respectively. Field test reflects that simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells can enlarge the expansion area of hydraulic fractures to obtain a lager drainage area and realize the full stimulation of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield. Therefore, simultaneous fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells provides a good opportunity in stimulation techniques for the efficient development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield, and it has great popularization value and can provide a new avenue for the application of stimulation techniques in ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China.

This study was conducted to determine the amount of manure production from Holstein dairy cattle raised in bedded pack barn and the appropriate bedding material removal time. Total six heads of dairy cows (about 715 kg weight) were raised in three pens (two heads per pen) for 62 days. Average daily production of manure containing sawdust bedding was 21.2 kg per head and that of manure excluding bedding was 18.7 kg. Moisture content of bedding materials were significantly increased up to 86% of water holding capacity (WHC) of sawdust during the first 30 days. It kept very stable level after 30 to 50 days. Theoretically, 30 days after adding fresh bedding seems to be proper removal time only based on WHC. On the other hand, from a practical perspective, maximum 50 days after adding new bedding would be fine by comprehensively considering various factors such as bedding material purchasing cost, feeding environment and manure treatment.

The US egg industry is exploring alternative housing systems for laying hens. However, limited published research related to cage-free aviary systems and enriched colony cages exists related to production, egg quality, and hen nutrition. The laying hen's nutritional requirements and resulting productivity are well established with the conventional cage system, but diminutive research is available in regards to alternative housing systems. The restrictions exist with limited availability of alternative housing systems in research settings and the considerable expense for increased bird numbers in a replicate due to alternative housing system design. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of nutrient and energy intake on production and egg quality parameters from laying hens housed at a commercial facility. Lohmann LSL laying hens were housed in three systems: enriched colony cage, cage-free aviary, and conventional cage at a single commercial facility. Daily production records were collected along with dietary changes during 15 production periods (28-d each). Eggs were analyzed for shell strength, shell thickness, Haugh unit, vitelline membrane properties, and egg solids each period. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coupled with a principal components analysis (PCA) approach was utilized to assess the impact of nutritional changes on production parameters and monitored egg quality factors. The traits of hen-day production and mortality had a response only in the PCA 2 direction. This finds that as house temperature and Met intake increases, there is an inflection point at which hen-day egg production is negatively effected. Dietary changes more directly influenced shell parameters, vitelline membrane parameters, and egg total solids as opposed to laying hen housing system. Therefore, further research needs to be conducted in controlled research settings on laying hen nutrient and energy intake in the alternative housing systems and resulting impact on egg quality measures.

To support bus service scheduling and planning, New York City Transit (NYCT) put into production a ridership application to determine surface transit boarding and alighting locations for each of approximately 2.8 million daily passenger trips on 218 bus routes. The application combined data from an automated vehicle location (AVL) system, a multimodal entry-only nongeographic automated fare collection (AFC) system, and general transit feed specification schedule file streams. To accomplish this objective, NYCT developed a highly optimized network-generation tool to estimate bus link loads and boarding and alighting locations by creating a scaled-down custom network based on first-bus trajectory (from AVL boarding location data) and a few possible AFC- or AVL-inferred second-leg pickup stops. Solving for the shortest walking path on this subnetwork yielded connection and alighting points more efficiently than did solving for all 128 million potential origin–destination (O-D) pairs systemwide. The program executes in less than 3 h in an automated environment that can support the operations management need for next-day reporting and the monitoring of patterns and trends in ridership behavior. The program also allows the aggregation of multiple days of route-level program output for schedule-making purposes and thus provides a significantly more representative understanding of passenger loads than were obtained historically from a few labor-intensive onboard observations (ridechecks) collected over a multiple-year period. Results were validated and found to be consistent with manual ridechecks, limited O-D surveys, and other sources. The accuracy obtained was sufficient to achieve acceptance of AVL-AFC data in lieu of traditional onboard observations for NYCT schedule making.

Summary This manuscript is a continuation of the results presented in the earlier work by Dzierzbicka-Glowacka et al. (2013) . Major purpose of this study is to characterize population dynamics of three major Baltic calanoid copepod species ( Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.) in the Gulf of Gdansk during the years 2006–2007. This paper focuses mostly on biomass estimation, production and mortality rates. All three species had the highest observed biomass in summer 2007 and it was 12.62, 9.16 and 0.80 mg C m −3 for Acartia spp., T. longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp., respectively, while highest daily production rates for those species were 28.22, 18.47, 1.34 mg C m −2 , all recorded in summer 2007. Mortality rates were calculated for all copepodite stages of selected species, and in most cases highest values were observed during summer seasons.

En este trabajo indago sobre las relaciones que los huacheños establecen entre su producción diaria de quesos y la vida de las familias en la comunidad (emplazada entre las regiones de quebrada y puna jujeñas, en Huachicocana, Jujuy, Argentina). Enfocado en una etnografía de los procesos técnicos del queso, me interesa comprender de qué modos éstos se involucran en la fabricación y sostenimiento de estas relaciones de parentesco a través de la manipulación diaria y estacional de cuajos, sueros, fermentos y pancheras. In this work I investigate the relationships established by the huacheños between their daily production of cheese and the lives of families in the community, located between the regions of "quebrada" and "puna", in Huachicocana, Jujuy, Argentina). Based on an ethnography of cheese-making techniques, I'm interested in understanding the ways in which cheese is involved in the manufacture and maintenance of kinship relations, by means of the daily and seasonal manipulation of curds, whey, yeast and pancheras. Fil: Pazzarelli, Francisco Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina

Cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) is a primary oil extraction process for heavy crude oil and reservoir properties are key factors that contribute to the effectiveness of CHOPS. However, identification of the key reservoir properties and quantification of the relationships between the reservoir properties and the oil production are still challenging tasks. In this paper, we propose the use of a data mining approach for finding quantitative relationships between various reservoir properties and oil production for CHOPS. The approach includes four steps: firstly, a set of reservoir properties are identified to describe reservoir characteristics through a petrophysical analysis. In addition to common parameters, such as porosity and permeability, two new parameters - a fluid mobility factor and the maximum inscribed rectangular of net pay (MIRNP) - are proposed. Secondly, three new parameters to describe the production performance of wells are proposed: the peak value, effective life cycle and effective yield. Next, the fuzzy ranking method is used to rank the importance of the identified reservoir properties in terms of oil production. Finally, association rule mining is used to obtain quantitative relationships between reservoir property variables and the production performance of wells. The proposed methods have been applied for 118 wells in the Sparky Formation of the Lloydminster heavy oil field in Alberta. The result shows that the production performance of wells in the area could be described and predicted by using the found quantitative relations. Data preparation is the foundation of data mining. Field data are huge and noisy. The proper data reflecting reservoir properties need to be acquired. In addition to some common parameters, such as porosity and permeability, two new parameters - a fluid mobility factor and the maximum inscribed rectangular of net pay (MIRNP) - are proposed. Additionally, three parameters to represent the production performance of wells are proposed: the peak value, effective life cycle and effective yield, because each well has a different production period length and fluctuating daily production rates.Data filtration is important for good results in data analysis, and the extracted data need to filter further before data mining. The fuzzy ranking method is used to rank the importance of the identified reservoir properties in terms of oil production parameters. Variables with less contribution are removed and appropriate reservoir properties are chosen, which implicitly helps in improving the results of data mining and reduces a large amount of computation.Association rule mining is used to discover relationships between the oil production and various reservoir properties from reservoir data for CHOPS. The proposed methods have been applied for 118 wells in the Sparky Formation of the Lloydminster heavy oil field in Alberta to find rules and then four other wells in the study area that satisfy the selection criteria were collected to validate the association rules discovered. The result shows that the production performance of wells in the area could be described and predicted by using the found relations.

With the recent deterioration of air quality in China, different degrees of haze occurred in most areas in China, which has seriously affected the physical and mental health of the residents and greatly limited the daily production operation. Therefore, the analysis of the contributing factors and the control of haze are imminent.

Accurate prediction of future daily sales is a crucial step towards optimal management of daily production of a cake factory. In this study, an interacting multiple model integrated kalman filter was used to predict the future daily sales of cake products. Two years daily sale history of 108 cake products were used to train and test the proposed method. Our experiments show that 1) running interacting multiple models of different orders in parallel is more effective than single classical interacting multiple model; 2) when only daily sale data was used, the proposed method predicted 33.54% of sales within ±10% of true sales; 3) when more variables, including festival and weekend, were combined into the prediction, 34.38% of predicted sales were within ±10% of true sales.

Fruit and vegetables classification and recognition are still challenging in daily production and life. In this paper, we propose an efficient fruit and vegetables classification system using image saliency to draw the object regions and convolutional neural network (CNN) model to extract image features and implement classification. Image saliency is utilized to select main saliency regions according to saliency map. A VGG model is chosen to train for fruit and vegetables classification. Another contribution in this paper is that we establish a fruit and vegetables images database spanning 26 categories, which covers the major types in real life. Experiments are conducted on our own database, and the results show that our classification system achieves an excellent accuracy rate of 95.6%.

As a main inhabitation of minorities, Yunnan possesses rich minority culture, and the typical representative is developing of its traditional sports items. The traditional sports activity of minority came from respective nation’s daily production, it is a vivid reflection of their development procession and behavior habits, and plays a role in process of their developing history and formation. This article mainly study in the combination of minority traditional sports and high school sports, and according to its developing situation came up with corresponding developing strategy. To combine the minority traditional sports and high school sports will be good to the inheritance and protect of minority traditional sports items, will be good to enrich the connotation of high school sports then to change the single sports activity situation which will be good for unity of nation.【1】 Meanwhile, the attention should also be paid to highlight the ethnic and region characteristics when high schools are going to develop ethnic traditional sports items, each school should do reasonable recreation and optimize the conduction of teaching groups, strengthening teaching method and research way.

This paper details the methods by which various advance ground investigation methodologies were deployed on two Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) working on the Neelum Jhelum Hydro-power project. The project is located in the Azad Kashmir region of northeast Pakistan, in the foothills of the Himalayan range, with overburdens up to 1,870 m and high horizontal stresses, and with complex and challenging geology. The lack of previous project experience in similar conditions, required the use of a wide variety of geological prediction methods and systems. The geological phenomenon of greatest concern was rockbursts: although expected they nevertheless presented a significant danger to personnel and equipment. The ability to predict the likelihood, location, severity and number of rockburst directly impacts upon the tunnel safety and daily production rates. The advanced prediction methods used on this project include forward probing; Tunnel Seismic Tomography (TST), TBM boring parameter analysis, in-situ stress measurements, short term rockburst prediction and continuous microseismic monitoring. This paper describes the various methodologies and how the individual data was integrated on a day-to-day basis to support TBM operations.

Background Recently, Asian dust (AD) has become a serious health problem and several studies have clearly proven that AD can aggravate asthma. However, it remains unclear as to which components of AD have a strong effect on the asthma exacerbation caused by AD exposure. Outdoor fungi can increase emergency department visits and hospitalization for asthma exacerbation and can aggravate asthma symptoms. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between AD and outdoor fungi and determining the potential of fungi to cause airborne particulate matter (PM)-related inflammatory responses. Methods Airborne PM was collected each day from January 26, 2015 to February 27, 2015. Daily levels of outdoor fungi-associated PM were calculated using a culture-based method. Production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was assessed in THP1 cells stimulated by the collected airborne PM each day. Results Daily levels of AD particles were assessed using Light Detection and Ranging and did not correlate with outdoor fungi (r = −0.17, P = 0.94). There was also no association between outdoor fungi and the daily production of IL-6 (r = 0.16, P = 0.37), IL-8 (r = 0.19, P = 0.30), or TNF-α induced by collected PM (r = 0.07, P = 0.70). However, the daily levels of AD particles were significantly associated with IL-6 (r = 0.91, P

Hydrocarbon allocation becomes essential when facilities are shared for various contributing wells or reservoirs. Uncertainty in the reassignment factor can significantly impact operators’ daily decisions, reservoir health, and ultimately the organization's financial investment. Historically, most oil companies rely on the latest production test done at the actual choke to calculate the produced volume per string, regardless of changes in well performance over time. But this simplistic routine leaves a gap between estimated and actual rates that require more user interventions for manual inputs or corrections. This paper illustrates an example of hydrocarbon allocation process from a smart field. An intelligent optimization system that receives real time data instantly automatically back allocates the field rate based on continuously-tuned well performance curves at wellhead node. This system is capable of managing large amount of data as well as combining analytical models, data mining with predictive analytics, bringing significant benefits to reservoir management, and surveillance process. However, it was found that the field correction factor fluctuated about 25%, when some production optimization and well operations were performed due to inconsistencies in well performance curves. The traditional methodology to calibrate well models starts by choosing the nearest multiphase flow vertical correlation to the measured pressure gradient, reducing the error between calculated and measured points by tuning the "L factor." This procedure cannot ensure that the resulting model will satisfy other production tests at different flowing conditions, which reveals the difference between accuracy and consistency. In contrast, the present effort suggests a practical approach for better estimation of daily well rates as well as improving allocation process, since it attempts to minimize the error between representative production tests and well performance curve rather than reproduce a high accurate bottom hole pressure for a particular flowing condition. Additionally, a more representative productivity index is derived from this change. This novel approach showed better well rate estimation for different flowing conditions reducing reassignment factor deviation below 5%. Consequently, it proved that having a more consistent well model tuned by representative production tests and controlled by real time data, enhances oil back allocation process.

Background In March 2016, one of our hospital pharmacies started using a robotic solution for chemotherapy compounding. This solution was placed in a production room with an EU-GMP class D classification. During an audit related to the start-up, our governing body requested to see results to determine if the robotic solution could uphold the EU-GMP classification for its respective areas, and sustain the same level of microbiological cleanliness as manual production done in an isolator. We performed extended environmental monitoring of the robotic solution for the first 6 months of production, and compared the results with routine samples from manual production. Purpose To show that the robotic solution can sustain the same level of microbiological cleanliness as manual productions in an isolator during chemotherapy compounding, in a EU-GMP class D classified production room. Material and methods The extended environmental monitoring for the first 6 months of compounding consisted of: daily monitoring with 5 settle plates, 3 were placed in the production area (require EU-GMP class A), 1 in the carousel area and 1 in the loading area (both require EU-GMP class B); weekly monitoring consisted of all swab and contact samples (see figure). Air samples were performed twice. The number of colony forming units (CFU) were determined after incubation for 7 days at 20–25°C and then for 5 days at 30–35°C. 25 separate media fill procedures, 250 media fill preparations in total, were also performed. All environmental samples for the robotic solution were sampled during preparations, and during routine activity in the production room. There were 3445 preparations compounded in the robotic solution during this period. Results Some of the environmental samples were outside the limits of their respective EU-GMP class, but less frequent and lower averages of CFU than for manual production in the isolators. The media fill preparations had no deviations. Figure Sample locations and results. Conclusion Our environmental monitoring showed that it is possible for the robotic solution to obtain at least the same level of microbiological cleanliness as manual production in an isolator in an EU-GMP class D classified production room. References and/or acknowledgements The technicians and pharmacist involved in the daily production and sampling. No conflict of interest

Little is known about cheese-making efficiency at the individual cow level, so our objective was to study the effects of herd productivity, individual herd within productivity class and breed of cow within herd by producing, then analyzing, 508 model cheeses from the milk of 508 cows of six different breeds reared in 41 multi-breed herds classified into two productivity classes (high v. low). For each cow we obtained six milk composition traits; four milk nutrient (fat, protein, solids and energy) recovery traits (REC) in curd; three actual % cheese yield traits (%CY); two theoretical %CYs (fresh cheese and cheese solids) calculated from milk composition; two overall cheese-making efficiencies (% ratio of actual to theoretical %CYs); daily milk yield (dMY); and three actual daily cheese yield traits (dCY). The aforementioned phenotypes were analyzed using a mixed model which included the fixed effects of herd productivity, parity, days in milk (DIM) and breed; the random effects were the water bath, vat, herd and residual. Cows reared in high-productivity herds yielded more milk with higher nutrient contents and more cheese per day, had greater theoretical %CY, and lower cheese-making efficiency than low-productivity herds, but there were no differences between them in terms of REC traits. Individual herd within productivity class was an intermediate source of total variation in REC, %CY and efficiency traits (10.0% to 17.2%), and a major source of variation in milk yield and dCY traits (43.1% to 46.3%). Parity of cows was an important source of variation for productivity traits, whereas DIM affected almost all traits. Breed within herd greatly affected all traits. Holsteins produced more milk, but Brown Swiss cows produced milk with higher actual and theoretical %CYs and cheese-making efficiency, so that the two large-framed breeds had the same dCY. Compared with the two large-framed breeds, the small Jersey cows produced much less milk, but with greater actual and theoretical %CYs, similar efficiencies and a slightly lower dCY. Compared with the average of the specialized dairy breeds, the three dual-purpose breeds (Simmental and the local Rendena and Alpine Grey) had, on average, similar dMY, lower actual and theoretical %CY, similar fat and protein REC, and slightly greater cheese-making efficiency.

This paper employs time varying coefficient approach to assess sensitivity of crude oil price change to a number of factors among which change in OPEC crude production and change in US oil production. Our finding indicate crude oil price is inelastic to OPEC production change, with elasticity varying between 0.09 and 0.13, but elastic to US oil production change with elasticity between 0.99 and 1.05. This imply on average crude oil price is about 8 times more responsive to US supply expansion than to OPEC supply decisions. As a result, OPEC producers have a limited impact on oil price reversal but the withdrawal of the US high cost shale technology producers from crude oil production at low price levels can be more effective driver of oil price rises in the future. Such low level sensitivity of oil price to change in OPEC supply imply, other things remain unchanged, for oil price to rise from the current $45 per barrel to $70 per barrel, OPEC cartel needs to cut its current daily production of 27 million barrels by 8 percent.

The rate of carbon assimilation in phytoplankton primary production models is mathematically prescribed with photosynthesis irradiance functions, which convert a light flux (energy) into a material flux (carbon). Information on this rate is contained in photosynthesis parameters: the initial slope and the assimilation number. The exactness of parameter values is crucial for precise calculation of primary production. Here we use a model of the daily production profile based on a suite of photosynthesis irradiance functions and extract photosynthesis parameters from in situ measured daily production profiles at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series station Aloha. For each function we recover parameter values, establish parameter distributions and quantify model skill. We observe that the choice of the photosynthesis irradiance function to estimate the photosynthesis parameters affects the magnitudes of parameter values as recovered from in situ profiles. We also tackle the problem of parameter exchange amongst the models and the effect it has on model performance. All models displayed little or no bias prior to parameter exchange, but significant bias following parameter exchange. The best model performance resulted from using optimal parameter values. Model formulation was extended further by accounting for spectral effects and deriving a spectral analytical solution for the daily production profile. The daily production profile was also formulated with time dependent growing biomass governed by a growth equation. The work on parameter recovery was further extended by exploring how to extract photosynthesis parameters from information on watercolumn production. It was demonstrated how to estimate parameter values based on a linearization of the full analytical solution for normalized watercolumn production and from the solution itself, without linearization. The paper complements previous works on photosynthesis irradiance models by analysing the skill and consistency of photosynthesis irradiance functions and parameters for modeling in situ production profiles. In light of the results obtained in this work we argue that the choice of the primary production model should reflect the available data and these models should be data driven regarding parameter estimation.

In Tamil Nadu alone, the daily production rate of fly ash is about 15,000 tons. At the world level 90% of coir production is concentrated in India and Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu and Kerala stand in the forefront. Lignite fly ash along with degraded coir pith was applied to the sandy loam red soils of Thanjavur. Pot culture experiments were conducted and the performance of paddy ADT 36 was tested. The nutrient status of the soil and the yield attributes of ADT 36 were evaluated. The study revealed that the soil properties were altered and the yield parameters were changed. The sandy red soils supplemented with lignite fly ash and composted coir pith resulted in better yields than commercial fertilizers alone.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-10-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2014001000010.pdf: 289950 bytes, checksum: bbb3aa1e1784341b0bd8ef2339984093 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a correspondência entre fatores socioeconômicos de 171 produtores de leite (escolaridade, volume de produção diária e tempo na atividade) de 96 municípios do Estado de São Paulo, e a percepção de risco no uso de produtos veterinários, por meio de entrevista individual e da análise de correspondência múltipla. Produtores com grau de escolaridade fundamental tendem a ordenhar animais tratados com carrapaticidas, não descartar o leite de vacas em tratamento para mastite, não receber bonificação por qualidade e não usar EPIs. Já produtores com grau de instrução superior tendem a declarar que descartam o leite de vacas em tratamento para a mastite, a receber bonificação por qualidade, a participar de treinamento e a usar EPIs. Produtores com menos de 50 litros de leite diários tendem a declarar que não observam o período de carência dos produtos veterinários e são os que mais responderam incorretamente o período de carência de dois produtos empregados na propriedade, vermifugam animais em lactação e não recebem bonificação por qualidade. Produtores com mais de 500 litros de leite diários tendem a declarar que observam o período de carência dos produtos veterinários, tendem a responder corretamente o período de carência de dois produtos, a receber bonificação por qualidade, a participar de treinamento e a usar EPIs. Foi possível evidenciar que dentro das variáveis selecionadas há categorias ou grupos de produtores de leite para os quais o perigo sanitário é mais visível e outros para os quais o perigo é menos visível. Nesse contexto, é necessário e urgente a execução de programas sanitários contemporâneos nas unidades rurais de produção de leite, a atualização dos serviços de assistência técnica e extensão rural (pública e privada), com enfoque distinto e complementar ao atual e o desenvolvimento de ações efetivas de educação sanitária. The present study aimed to evaluate the correspondence between socioeconomic factors of 171 milk producers (schooling, daily production volume and time in activity), of 96 counties in the state of São Paulo, and the risk perception in the use of veterinary products through individual interview and multiple correspondence analysis. Producers with low schooling tend to milk animals treated with acaricides, not to discard the milk of cows treated for mastitis, to receive no bonus for the quality of milk and not to use personal protective equipment (PPE). In contrast, producers with higher education tend to declare that they discard milk from cows treated for mastitis, to receive bonus for milk quality, to participate in training and use PPE. Producers with less than 50 liters of milk per day tend to declare that they do not observe the lack period of veterinary products, and when mentioned the lack period of two products more incorrectly answered, use vermifuge in lactating animals and do not receive bonus for milk quality. Producers with more than 500 liters of milk per day tend to declare they observe the lack period of veterinary products, to answer correctly the lack period of two products, to receive bonus for quality, to participate in training and to use PPE. It was possible to evidence that within the selected variables there are categories or groups of milk producers for whom the sanitary hazard is more visible and others for whom the hazard is less visible. In this context, it is necessary and urgent the execution of contemporary sanitary programs in rural units of milk production, the update of services of technical assistance and rural extension (public and private), with different approach and complementary to the currentand the development of effective sanitary education actions. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Ciências Exatas Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Ciências Exatas Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal

The grade deviation between the Run of Mine (ROM) and the Concentrator Plant Feed (CPF) has been debated from early days of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex establishment in Kerman province, Iran. As the concen- trator plant was designed to work optimally based on a specific input feed, it is essential to determine the errors in different sampling steps and also evaluate the grade devi- ation between ROM and CPF. By determining the allow- ance limit of effective parameters in the deviation variance and using them for daily production planning, it may be possible to reduce this deviation. In this research, a method was presented to determine the grade deviation of CPF using statistics and geostatistics methods in order to com- pare this deviation with predicted ROM deviation in each working round. For this purpose, on a particular day, 50,000 tons of ROM with a grade of 0.89 ± 0.05 was sent to the plant, and was compared with the CPF (42,855 tons) and its grade confidence limit (0.92 ± 0.04). This grade was found to be within the limits of the predicted grade (0.93 ± 0.06) and the operation grade (0.89 ± 0.05) at 95 % confidence limit. Based on evaluations conducted, to reduce grade deviation and increase the recovery, it was proposed that if within 100 consecutive days, 95 grade cases from the CPF were cited within the confidence limit of the ROM grade, from thence no sampling be performed from the CPF, and the ROM grade be considered in met- allurgical calculations.

As a systematic and quantitative mode of continuous improvement, six sigma management can thoroughly analyze the problem and solve it based on the data. This article proposed a framework of six sigma management integrated system based on Minitab/DDE and applied it in the practical problem. This system supports us to access the daily production data through the DDE link dynamically and interactively, ensuring the timeliness and validity of project analysis to achieve continuous improvement.

Sulige gas field had been developed for a long term, but the yield is hard to keep a high value. How to improve the daily production is a key problem. In the past, we usually fracture horizontal well in single section. In this paper, we talk about horizontal well fracturing in multistage. And meanwhile, introduce some low damage fracturing fluids. Finally, fracturing evaluation shows horizontal well multistage fracturing can improve the yield effectively. This experience can be popularized in similar gas field.

To the gas field had been developed for a long term, the yield is hard to keep a high value. How to improve the daily production is a key problem. Fracturing again in old wells can be an effective method to solve the problem. In this paper, we introduce this technique. We choose well and layer firstly, and then decide a suitable fracturing measure. Finally, fracturing evaluation shows the method can improve the yield effectively. This experience can be popularized.

Copper is one of the most valuable metals in the daily production activities of human beings. Its consumption can indicate the changes in economic structure. The regularity of copper development in the U.S. has a very far-reaching significance as well as reference value to China. This paper is based on date of copper production and consumption in China and U.S. contrasted and analyzed the development trend. The results show that the curve presented by the consumption of copper in the U.S. doesn’t totally comply with the “S” shaped rules which put forward by above-mentioned scholars, but presents the typical “M” shaped rules. The increase of China’s demand for copper, while since 1998, hasn’t presented t the “S” shaped rules, which is common among other industrialized countries, but presented the typical inverted “U” shaped rules.

In recent years, awareness of the role of fractures on the production and recovery of hydrocarbons has become increasingly strong in the oil community. To shed light on this question, this paper examines the fractures characterization and their effects on production and enhanced oil recovery; also, it deals with characterization of specific features of fractured reservoirs, using different tools as cores analysis and 3D imagery. The effect of fractures on well productivity is explained and in this point, we have taken the data of wells production from a single reservoir to put these wells at the same overburden conditions. We have selected as example “El Gassi” field to follow the evolution of gas/oil ratio (GOR) according to wells daily production. To analyze the effect of the injection on the daily production of the field, we have compared the evolution of the production of three tanks, two fractured reservoirs and a third non-fractured (consolidated). We took the “El Gassi” and “Rhourde El Bagel” fields as fractured reservoirs, and “Hassi Berkin” field as consolidated one. Then we have treated the impact of fractures on assisted oil recovery; we have studied the response of production at “Rhoud El Bagel” field after gas injection. Data analysis of the production of these three Algerian fields shows that there is no direct apparent relationship between the intensity of fractures and average production. A change in the recovery mode is required by the orientation to water injection or water alternating gas “WAG” process.

Determinamos la concentración de nitrógeno ureico en leche (NUL) de 554 vacas Holstein, 474 vacas Jersey y 454 vacas cru-zadas y se relacionan con los días de lactancia, la producción de leche diaria, días abiertos y el intervalo entre partos. Una muestra de leche de 100 ml la analizamos con un un kit a base de la enzima ureasa. La raza Jersey superó a la Holstein en 2,49 y 3,82 a los cruces HxJ en mg / dl. Las diferencias en el contenido NUL se determinaron en los días de la producción de leche. Los animales con una producción diaria inferior a 40 litros de leche tenían un NUL 1,84 mg / dl más bajo que los animales con la producción de más de 40 litros (18,17 mg / dl). El valor NUL no varió de acuerdo a los días abiertos, sin embargo, los animales con más de 360 días de intervalo entre partos mostraron un promedio NUL de 16,91 mg / dl, lo que supera en 1 mg / dl a los animales que presentan valores por debajo de 360 días intervalo entre partos. Las vacas Holstein y Jersey son más propensas a tener unvalor de NUL mayor que los cruces HxJ. Es necesario aumentar el análisis de datos de los sistemas de producción con diferentes métodos de manejo y alimentación, para generar una herramienta de diagnóstico que se pueda aplicar en los sistemas de producción de leche en Costa Rica. Milk Urea Nitrogen (MUN) concentration of 554 Holstein cows, 474 Jersey cows and 454 HxJ crossed cows were determined and related to the days of lactation, daily milk production, days open and calving interval. A milk sample of 100 ml was taken and analyzed by an enzyme urease kit. The Jersey breed exceeded Holstein in 2.49 and HxJ in 3.82 mg/dl. No differences in the MUN content were determined as the days of milk production. Animals with daily production below 40 liters of milk had a MUN 1.84 mg/dl lower than animals with production over 40 liters (18.17 mg/dl). MUN value did not vary according to open days, however, animals with over 360 days in interval calving showed a MUN average of 16.91 mg/dl, which exceeds 1 mg/dl animals presenting values below 360 days interval calving. Holstein and Jersey cows are more likely to have a higher MUN than HxJ crosses. It is necessary to increase the analysis of data from production systems with different management and feeding methods to generate a diagnostic tool that can be applied in dairy production systems in Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Zootecnia

Large-scale fracturing technology is a new type of fracturing technology developed in recent years along with the fracturing theory research of natural fractured reservoirs. The application of large-scale fracturing in vertical wells has achieved good production results. However, due to the short application time of new technology in oilfields and the low regularity of development indexes, there is no economic evaluation method for shaping. This paper evaluates the development effect of large-scale fracturing in Daqing Oilfield, clarifies the variation law of its development index, and establishes the index prediction method in the evaluation period. Through sorting out the various depreciation calculation methods used in economic evaluation, the appropriate modified production method is selected as the method of calculating depreciation. Based on the relevant data and results of economic evaluation of oilfield development, the economic evaluation method of large-scale fracturing technology productivity project has been formed, and the calculation program has been compiled. The program is used to calculate the investment boundaries of large-scale fracturing blocks with different single well daily production under the condition of multiple oil prices, draw the maps of single well investment and single well daily production boundaries under different oil prices in large-scale fracturing blocks, and analyze the sensitivity of investment boundaries. The research results will be applied in proven reserves submission, unused reserves evaluation and oilfield development planning. Using this method for reference, the boundary maps of conventional water flooding development and large-scale volume fracturing can be drawn, and the research results can be applied to a greater extent.

This study proposed a conceptual design of direct 99mTc production facility from a natural MoO3 target at the high temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR). 99mTc is produced by a beta decay of 99Mo, which is formed via the 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo reaction. 99mTc is then extracted from the MoO3 target by sublimation method to take advantage of the high temperature of the HTTR core. The foremost advantage of this concept is that the MoO3 target is heated up inside the reactor without pulling out for external electric heating, and as a result, 99mTc could be extracted directly during irradiation. The daily production rate of 99mTc was estimated to about 9.5 × 105 MBq/day with 1 kg MoO3 target, accounting for 60% daily demand in Japan. With large space available for irradiation purpose, the size of MoO3 target could be increased, and therefore the HTTR has the capability to supply enough amount of 99mTc for daily demand in Japan.

PT X is a manufacturing company that produces various types of piano instruments. The company applies a Make to Order (MTO) strategy because of its large production capacity with high product variety. Two working groups, cutting sizer and rotary press, were unable to reach their optimum conditions due to bottleneck in the cutting sizer working group. Appropriate scheduling is needed so that production activities are in accordance with daily production targets. In this research, a new scheduling system is proposed. The scheduling method used was sequencing Total Work (TWK) and continued with calculations using the Campbell Dudek Smith (CDS) algorithm. The total makespan in iteration1 is 506,25 minutes, while makespan in iteration 2 is 583,49 minutes. The results of these calculation indicate that the proposed scheduling can overcome the problem of delays in delivery and fulfilment of daily production target.

A produção suinícola é uma das atividades agropecuárias mais importantes da Região Sul brasileira, no entanto é responsável por gerar grande quantidade de dejetos e resíduos. Dentre as formas mais utilizadas para o tratamento destes dejetos estão os sistemas de lagoas e a biodigestão, sendo o segundo o mais rentável, pelo potencial de produção energética e qualidade do biofertilizante gerado. Considerando que o maior empecilho para implantação de sistemas de biodigestor seja os custos de instalação, este estudo objetivou caracterizar uma unidade produtora de leitões (UPL), dimensionar os parâmetros básicos de um biodigestor e extrapolar o tempo necessário para o retorno dos custos de investimento. A unidade escolhida localiza-se no Município de Vista Alegre/RS, mantém uma criação média de 9.964 suínos, o que resulta diariamente em um total de 47,76 m³ de dejetos. Com base neste volume será necessário a implantação de um biodigestor com no mínimo 1.671,6 m³ de capacidade. A estimativa de investimento inicial para a implementação do projeto é de R$ 251.761,40 reais. E a produção diária de biogás é de 11.411,7 m³, com capacidade para gerar até 18.405,96 KWh, assim estimou-se um tempo de retorno do investimento de três anos. Considerando-se portanto, viável a instalação.

The low average daily gas production per well and the poor economic benefit of exploration and development have become the main problems restricting the exploration and development of coalbed methane in China. Combining multiple coal seam geological parameters to predict the high-yield area of the block can not only provide guidance for the exploitation of coal-bed methane, but also bring enormous economic benefits. Aiming at the difficulty of coalbed methane dessert discrimination and production prediction, a method of coal-bed methane production prediction based on BP neural network is proposed in this paper. Starting from the average daily production of coalbed methane single well, we use the method of grey correlation degree to get the main controlling factors of coalbed methane production. For the main control factors, we use BP neural network with high fitting accuracy and get a good prediction result.

In this study, the productivity of an integrated inclined solar water desalination system with spray jets was empirically investigated. The effects of the feed water flow rate, solar radiation, ambient temperature, absorber plate temperature, cavity air temperature, glass cover temperature, variation in number of spray jets, and inlet and outlet temperature of the feed water on the daily production of the system were studied. The results show that the system productivity increases with two spray jets rather than with four and six jets tested on the system. The daily production also increases by cooling the system glazing and by solar radiation intensity. The inclusion of a wick (black cloth) on the absorber plate has a significant effect on the system production. The wick improved the daily production of the system by 23%. The daily production of the system with a wick on the absorber plate in the summer season is recorded as 6.41 kg/m2 while the daily production with a bare plate absorber is reco...

The performances of inverted absorber solar still integrated with a refrigeration cycle (RIASS) and an inverted absorber solar still (IASS) were experimentally investigated under identical operational and weather conditions. It was found that more yield of fresh water was achieved in RIASS as compared to IASS. The study revealed that the depth of the feed was inversely proportional to the productivity of the IASS. Hence, the daily production of the IASS was increased by reducing water depth in the basin. However, in the RIASS, the inverse behavior was reported. The daily yields from RIASS were 6.4, 10.08 and 9.5 l/day at water depths 4, 6 and 8 cm respectively. The respective daily yields achieved from the IASS were 3.41, 3.24 and 2.92 l/day that were lower than that of the RIASS. Also in case of RIASS, it was found that the night production was more as compared to the daytime production.

Quadrilatero Ferrifero is one of the main regions of iron ore production in the world. The action of the weathering processes promotes the conformation of compact rock immersed in friable material. The usual model of blasting applied in production benches, with blast drillholes distributed homogeneously, produces boulders of compact rock, which are impracticable to extract and grind, causing impacts on daily production of iron ore. Therefore, this work proposes a methodology capable of overcoming this problem caused by weathering, using the electrical resistivity method. The application of it was carried out at the Aboboras mine (VALE S.A.), and was able to differentiate two types of materials, interpreted as compact and friable itabirite. With the use of the electrical data, it was possible to generate a geophysical model that allowed to determine the position of the compact itabirite boulders. From this model, it was possible to optimize the blasting design, with higher concentration of detonation drillholes where the model indicated the compact rock. With the appropriate tests, it was observed a 75% decrease in the amount of boulders present in the fragmented material as compared to the usual model. Consequently, there was a significant increase in ore loading effectiveness, thus optimizing iron ore production. Keywords: Applied geophysics, iron ore, mining. RESUMO. Quadrilatero Ferrifero e uma das principais regioes de producao de minerio de ferro no mundo. A acao dos processos intempericos promovem a conformacao de rochas compactas imersas em material friavel. O modelo usual de detonacao e desmonte aplicado em frentes de lavra, com furos de detonacao distribuidos de modo homogeneo, gera matacoes de rocha compacta, o que inviabiliza sua extracao e moagem e impacta na producao diaria de minerio de ferro. Desse modo, este trabalho propoe uma metodologia capaz de suplantar esse problema causado pelo intemperismo, atraves da utilizacao do metodo de eletrorresistividade. A aplicacao do metodo foi realizada nas dependencias da mina de Aboboras (VALE S.A.), e foi capaz de diferenciar dois tipos de materiais, interpretados como itabirito compacto e friavel. Com o uso dos dados eletricos, foi possivel gerar um modelo geofisico que possibilitou determinar a posicao dos blocos de itabirito compacto. A partir desse modelo, houve uma otimizacao da malha de desmonte, com maior concentracao de furos de detonacao onde o modelo indicou rocha compacta. Com os devidos testes de detonacao, foi observado diminuicao dos matacoes em 75% em relacao a malha de desmonte usual. Como resultado, houve significativo aumento da efetividade do carregamento de minerio, e consequente otimizacao da producao de minerio de ferro. Palavras-chave: Geofisica aplicada, minerio de ferro, mineracao.

A computer program has been developed to simulate the effect of the orientations (east–west and south–north), on the performance of a symmetric double slope solar still compared to those of an asymmetric solar still with a double effect, in order to obtain the optimum design parameters for both types, under climatic conditions of Constantine (Eastern area of Algeria), using meteorological data of 1st August of 2005 as the hottest day selected from the last decade (2002–2012). The obtained results show that10° is the optimum inclination angle that allows receiving a maximum solar radiation for both stills by increasing the evaporation condensation processes. A water depth of 0.02 m gives higher daily production. The stability of solar radiation seen in a south–north orientation leads to high reception of solar radiation by both stills. As a consequence, the daily productivity of an asymmetric still, with a double effect process is found higher than that corresponding to the symmetric one with a double slope system, and where at the south–north orientation we notice an increase of 22.57% and at the east–west orientation it is of 16.23%. It is shown also that a south–north orientation enhances the performance of the asymmetric still with a double effect by 16.76%.

The effects of ultrasonic wave on tapping surface of ‘PR107’ rubber tree were studied. Daily production and cumulative production of latex were measured to estimate the effects of ultrasonic wave on latex production. The solid substance content, dry rubber content and mechanical stability of latex were determined to study the effects of ultrasonic wave on latex quality. Results showed that ultrasonic wave could increase both daily and cumulative production of latex and maintain latex basic quality. The daily production of latex was increased and appeared two peaks both in the ultrasound-treated rubber tree and the one with no treatment. The first peak appeared on the fifth day, and the latex production by ultrasound was 212.34 ml and the control was 141.75 ml. The second peak appeared with the production 266.59 ml on the seventeenth day by ultrasound, while the control appeared on the thirteenth day with production of 193.50 ml. The latex cumulative production of ultrasound-treated trees was 209.56 ml higher than that of control in one month. There was little change in solid substance content and dry rubber content between different ultrasonic time. The best mechanical stability of latex was obtained by ultrasound-treating the rubber tree for 4-6 min. it was proved that the ultrasound was helpful in improving the latex production and quality. The application of ultrasonic wave on rubber tree is novel, and its mechanism is worth further research.

In the process of natural energy depletion, foamy oil is characterized of high oil viscosity, low production GOR, high daily production rate; relatively slow production decline rate and high primary recovery factor (compared with conventional heavy oil). The stability of the foam becomes the dominant factor that determines the life of the ‘foamy oil’. To quantify the main factors affecting the stability of the foam, a high-temperature–high-pressure (HTHP) visualized experiment model for foamy oil stability test was developed. A serial of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the foam stability under different conditions, including temperature, dissolved gas oil ratio, pressure decline rate and the pore sizes. As indicated by the test results, the stable foamy oil exists only if the reservoir temperature is lower than 70 C. The initial dissolved gas oil ratio was higher than 4.23 m 3 /m 3 and the pressure depletion rate was higher than 0.0018 MPa/min. It was also concluded that as the pore sizes of the porous media becomes closer to the actual reservoir pore size, the foam can last longer, which indicates that the ‘‘foamy oil’’ will exist for a long time during the reservoir development. The experimental results above have been used to guide the development of Block MPE-3 in Venezuela.