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153. Case Study - Belgium, Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation (SoCo Project)

Author

VERSPECHT Ann, VAN HUYLENBROECK Guido, VAN DEN BOSSCHE Annemie, DE BOLLE Sara, MOESKOPS Bram, DE NEVE Stefaan, GAY Stephan, SCHMIDT Monika, and PRAGER Katrin

Abstract

This Technical Note 'Case Study ¿ Belgium' is part of a series of case studies within the ¿Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation¿ (SoCo) project. Ten case studies were carried out in Belgium, Bul-garia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom between spring and summer 2008. The selection of case study areas was designed to capture differ-ences in soil degradation processes, soil types, climatic conditions, farm structures and farming prac-tices, institutional settings and policy priorities. A harmonised methodological approach was pursued in order to gather insights from a range of contrasting conditions over a geographically diverse area. The case studies were carried out by local experts to reflect the specificities of the selected case studies., JRC.DDG.J.5-Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Economy

Published
2009

154. Quantifying the contribution of free-living nematodes to nitrogen mineralization

Author

Buchan, David, De Neve, Stefaan, Moens, Maurice, Moeskops, Bram, Grignani, Carlo, Acutis, Marco, Zavattaro, L, Bechini, L, Bertora, C, Marino Gallina, P, and Sacco, D

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, Gamma Irradiation, Mineralization, Nitrogen, Nematodes, Incubation
Abstract

Soil fauna are estimated to contribute to approximately 30 % of nitrogen mineralization (Verhoef ∧ Brussaard, 1990). Soil nematodes are important contributors to this process through their key trophic positions as microbial grazers. Quantification of this contribution has mostly relied on theoretical food web analyses (Hunt et al., 1987) or laboratory incubations with simplified and artificially constructed ecosystems (Ferris et al., 1998). Incubations are often performed on homogenized soil, though soil biota is known to be responsive to physical disturbance. Furthermore, sterilization typically relies on methods disruptive of soil structure (e.g. autoclaving, freezing). The aim of this experiment was to quantify the contribution of nematodes to nitrogen mineralization during incubation. Intact cores with a representative pore structure and entire nematode populations instead of single species were used. Gamma irradiation was selected as a sterilization method to remove only soil fauna, leaving the microflora and soil structure largely intact (McNamara et al., 2003).

Published
2009

156. Recovery of post-agricultural forest: tree species determines soil properties and possibilities for ecosystem restoration

Author

De Schrijver, An, Baeten, Lander, De Clerck, Elke, Thomaes, Arno, De Keersmaeker, Luc, Staelens, Jeroen, Wuyts, Karen, Hansen, Karin, Vesterdal, Lars, Muys, Bart, De Neve, Stefaan, Verheyen, Kris, Ukunmaanaho, Liisa, Nieminen, Tiina M, and Starr, Mike

Subjects
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Reforestation of agricultural land in many European countries has progressed more slowly than anticipated. Many years’ fertilization has caused an accumulation of nutrients in the top soil layer. Phosphorus (P) has proven to be particularly persistent and elevated concentrations in soil and vegetation are found up to thousands of years after agricultural abandonment. This persistently elevated bioavailable P is a paradox for ecosystem recovery in post-agricultural forests: on one hand, higher P bioavailability stimulates stand productivity and tree growth but, on the other hand, it limits the development of typical forest plant communities (Baeten et al. in press) and associated organisms. Limitation of bioavailable P seems to be a necessity for the recovery of species-rich target communities and for the conservation of endangered species (Wassen et al. 2005). Reforestation of agricultural land results in a decrease in soil pH with increasing forest age, but the extent and rate of soil acidification differs highly between tree species. Gymnosperm tree species are often contrasted to angiosperms because of their acidifying impact on soils. We will present data showing that rapid (within 2 decades) changes in soil properties can also occur beneath different broadleaved tree species. Ca concentra¬tions in leaf litter seem to be the driving factor for differences between species: tree species with higher litter Ca concentrations such as Populus and Fraxinus support a significantly higher soil pH, base saturation degree and lower quantities of bioavailable aluminum compared to the Ca-poor Fagus and Quercus species. Tilia and Prunus trees are intermediate between these ‘soil preservers’ and ‘soil acidifiers’. Furthermore, tree species have a major influence on the short-term and long-term bioavailability of P. Below ‘soil acidifiers’ we found significantly higher bioavailable and slowly cycling P fractions compared to ‘soil preservers’ which mainly retained P in less soluble pools. To date, there are no integrated studies on the long-term effect of different broadleaved tree species on soil properties in general and the bioavailability of P through soil acidification in particular. Most studies evaluating the bioavailability of P use extraction methods that only provide short-term dose-response insights into the readily available P pool for plants and soil microbes. However, for studying the role of P in recovering (semi)natural ecosystems, it is much more relevant to gain insight into time-scales extending a single growing season (Richter et al. 2006) and to include more slowly cycling P fractions. We discuss six common garden experiments in which broadleaved tree species have been planted on loamy agricultural soil for between 5 and 35 years. We argue that vegetation choice can be an important driver of regional biogeochemistry and biodiversity.

Published
2009

160. INTENSIFICATION PATHWAY FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHERN CÔTE D'IVOIRE.

Author

GNAHOUA, JEAN-BAPTISTE GNÉLIÉ, ETTIEN, DJÉTCHI JEAN BAPTISTE, N'ZUÉ, BONI, EBAH, CATHÉRINE, KONÉ, BRAHIMA, DE NEVE, STEFAAN, and BOECKX, PASCAL

Abstract

In order to intensify cassava production in southern Côte d'Ivoire, multiple farmers’ field trials were carried out in two important cassava-producing areas (Dabou and Bingerville). The effectiveness of an Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) approach as intensification pathway was evaluated for poor sandy soils. Overall, ISFM-based systems outperformed the local cultivation system. The average cassava yield was 14.5 and 6.5 t ha−1 and 12.6 and 5.7 t ha−1 for the ISFM and traditional systems, in Dabou and Bingerville, respectively. The average profitability of ISFM systems was ca. 2500 Euro ha−1, whereby 66% was generated by cowpea intercrop, which yielded on average 3.1 t ha−1. Taking into account the limited farmer's resource endowment and poor soil fertility, ISFM is a crucial component for sustainable intensification of cassava production and poverty alleviate in southern Côte d'Ivoire. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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172. Four decades of post-agricultural forest development have caused major redistributions of soil phosphorus fractions

Author

De Schrijver, An, primary, Vesterdal, Lars, additional, Hansen, Karin, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Augusto, Laurent, additional, Achat, David Ludovick, additional, Staelens, Jeroen, additional, Baeten, Lander, additional, De Keersmaeker, Luc, additional, De Neve, Stefaan, additional, and Verheyen, Kris, additional

Published
2011
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180. Soil organic carbon–stock changes in Flemish grassland soils from 1990 to 2000

Author

Mestdagh, Inge, primary, Sleutel, Steven, additional, Lootens, Peter, additional, Van Cleemput, Oswald, additional, Beheydt, Daan, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, De Neve, Stefaan, additional, Hofman, George, additional, Van Camp, Nancy, additional, Vande Walle, Inge, additional, Samson, Roeland, additional, Verheyen, Kris, additional, Lemeur, Raoul, additional, and Carlier, Lucien, additional

Published
2009
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190. Changes in Soil Ergosterol Content, Glomalin-Related Soil Protein, and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile as Affected by Long-Term Organic and Chemical Fertilization Practices in Mediterranean Turkey.

Author

Turgay, Oğuz Can, Buchan, David, Moeskops, Bram, De Gusseme, Bart, Ortaş, İbrahim, and De Neve, Stefaan

Subjects
ERGOSTEROL, FERTILIZERS, FARM manure, CROP rotation, WHEAT, CORN
Abstract

The present study examines the effects of different fertilization treatments (chemical fertilization, farmyard manure, plant compost, and mycorrhiza-inoculated compost) on the soil fungi under a crop rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea maysL.) in a long-term field experiment established in Mediterranean Turkey in 1996. Soil samples were collected in May, August, and October 2009. Soil pH, organic carbon, plant-available nitrogen and phosphorus, mycorrhizal colonization, and a series of biochemical markers (phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acid [PLFA and NLFA] profiles, soil ergosterol content, and glomalin related soil protein [GRSP] as indicators of abundance of bacteria, saprotrophic, and arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] fungi) were assessed. No significant difference was observed in soil organic C and plant available N in relation to long-term fertilization treatments, but plant available P in soil changed significantly in relation to the fertilization treatment used and the sampling season (between 11.5–33.8 mg · kg−1in spring, 10.4–28.6 mg · kg−1in summer, and 10.5–33.2 mg · kg−1in autumn). Mycorrhizal colonization patterns were similar for both plants. However, mycorrhiza-inoculated compost treatment exhibited higher root colonization (77.3%) over control (16.3%), chemical fertilization (10.0%), farmyard manure (19.3%), and plant compost (20.0%). No statistically significant change was observed in ergosterol content. The effect of long-term organic treatments on soil PLFA structure was statistically prominent; whereas seasonality only affected bacterial PLFAs. Organic fertilization increased GRSP (mean annual ranging from 0.91 to 2.46 mg · g−1total GRSP) but long-term annual mycorrhizal inoculation had no significant effect on the soil GRSP pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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197. Inventory-based carbon stock of Flemish forests: a comparison of European biomass expansion factors

Author

Van Camp, Nancy, primary, Vande Walle, Inge, additional, Mertens, Jan, additional, De Neve, Stefaan, additional, Samson, Roeland, additional, Lust, No�l, additional, Lemeur, Raoul, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, Lootens, Peter, additional, Beheydt, Daan, additional, Mestdagh, Inge, additional, Sleutel, Steven, additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Van Cleemput, Oswald, additional, Hofman, Georges, additional, and Carlier, Lucien, additional

Published
2004
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200. Carbon stock changes and carbon sequestration potential of Flemish cropland soils

Author

Sleutel, Steven, primary, De Neve, Stefaan, additional, Hofman, Georges, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, Beheydt, Daan, additional, Van Cleemput, Oswald, additional, Mestdagh, Inge, additional, Lootens, Peter, additional, Carlier, Lucien, additional, Van Camp, Nancy, additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Vande Walle, Inge, additional, Samson, Roeland, additional, Lust, Noël, additional, and Lemeur, Raoul, additional

Published
2003
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