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Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. The perioperative management of patients with CVS undergoing general anesthesia is challenging, especially when combined with obesity. This case report describes the successful management of a patient with CVS and obesity who underwent dental surgery under general anesthesia. A 21-year-old woman with CVS, obesity (body mass index, 35), and intellectual disability was scheduled for tooth extraction and composite resin restoration under general anesthesia. The patient was diagnosed with CVS at the age of 20 years with frequent vomiting attacks requiring hospitalization. Surgery was scheduled during the CVS remission to reduce the risk of perioperative vomiting. Preoperative laboratory test results were normal, including serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), and cortisol levels. General anesthesia was induced using remifentanil and propofol. Nasal endotracheal intubation was performed after rocuronium administration. Local anesthesia (2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine) was used for all dental procedures. Postoperatively, midazolam was administered to control agitation. No postoperative vomiting occurred. Serum ACTH, ADH, and cortisol levels showed no significant changes before and after anesthesia, suggesting that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation due to surgical stress did not occur. This case highlights the importance of careful perioperative planning and monitoring stress-related hormone levels in patients with CVS or obesity. An anesthetic approach using midazolam may effectively suppress HPA axis activation and prevent postoperative vomiting., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Kuroda et al.)

Background: Graduates of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery program meet the qualifications set by Saudi universities and pass the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties License Examination to practice dentistry. However, ambiguity persists concerning their preparedness for private dentistry. This study explored how dental graduates perceive their readiness to operate in the private sector., Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted by interviewing dental graduates from different dental schools across Saudi Arabia using a semistructured interview guide with convenience sampling until thematic saturation was achieved. All interviews were verbatim transcribed and analyzed manually by two researchers working independently using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach., Results: A total of 35 participants from Saudi dental schools across five distinct regions (North, South, East, West, and Central) were included in the study. Data analysis revealed four prominent themes believed to influence participants' readiness for private practice: (1) communication skills-concerns regarding proficiency in areas crucial for ensuring patient satisfaction, (2) technical management skills-uncertainty in aspects such as practice setup and dental insurance, (3) pedagogical curriculum design-primarily tailored to public sector roles, and (4) legal and ethical issues-concerns about legal and ethical issues intrinsic to dental practice., Conclusion: The transition of Saudi dental graduates into private practice is influenced by multiple obstacles, encompassing factors related to their knowledge and skills in patient communication, technical management, education curriculum design, and familiarity with legal intricacies., Clinical Significance: Exploring dental graduates' perceptions in relation to private practice is clinically significant as it highlights specific areas, including communication skills, where effective communication with both children and parents is paramount in private dentistry; technical management; curriculum adaptation; and legal/ethical awareness, where targeted interventions can enhance the quality and safety of dental care provided in private practice. These insights can lead to improvements in dental education and practice management, ultimately benefiting both dentists and patients in the private dental sector., How to Cite This Article: Moafa I, Jafer A, Almashnawi M, et al. Transitioning to Private Dental Practice: An In-depth Exploration of Dental Graduates' Perspectives in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):777-782., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Background: Topical fluoride application in moderate and high-risk individuals and in those living in low-fluoride communities has been a common practice by dental professionals. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess fluoride concentration available in saliva after a professional 2% sodium fluoride solution application (9000 ppm), and the duration of its availability to have an evidence-based practice for application. Materials and Methods: Two percent sodium fluoride application was carried out in 45 participants residing in a boarding school. The participants were non tea drinkers and nonfluoride users. Water fluoride of the area ranged from 0.34 ppm to 0.38 ppm. Whole mixed saliva samples were collected at baseline and various time intervals postapplication of 2% sodium fluoride solution. Fluoride in saliva was estimated using the fluoride combination electrode (Orion model 94–09, 96–09) coupled to an ionanalyzer. Results: IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 was used for the analysis. Normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and box plot, and it was found to be nonnormal. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare all time intervals with baseline, and statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.0001). Salivary fluoride according to this study showed a biphasic clearance pattern with a peak at 15 min and a rapid fall in 60 min followed by a slow, consistent decline over a 20-h period. The fluoride concentration in saliva remained elevated above baseline from 0.03 ppm to 0.076 ppm even 3 months after application. Conclusion: Findings of this study show that, in this population, the frequency of application should be between 2 and 3 months (four applications per year).

Geriatric patients have different oral healthcare needs than young individuals; they need special infrastructure and training to deal with. During this ongoing pandemic, the geriatric patients' oral healthcare needs take a back seat because of the lockdown and because of the frail health status of the individuals. There is a need to find ways to deal with geriatric patients' unique oral healthcare needs during these testing times and tailored to individual needs.

Fluoride occurs naturally in our environment and we are exposed to it every day. In the right doses, it is very effective and helpful. Fluorine has many valuable functions, besides as enamel strengthening, it has bacteriostatic effect. However, in comparison to positive effects, fluoride can be toxic to the patients. The effect of fluoride on retention and prevention of caries is very significant, which has been proved in scientific studies.

The diagnosis and management of medical emergencies represents a current issue for dental practitioners, considering the high prevalence of medical disorders, patients receiving polypharmacy as well as the preoperative fear and anxiety among patients receiving dental care. In-depth knowledge of the factors that regulate the chronically disease processes, and pharmacodynamics of drug action, complete medical history and physical examination, as well as stress reduction protocols are requested for effective prevention of medical emergencies in dental office.

Introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of the supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramina in relation to the midline according to the sex, the side and the dentition in a sample of CT skulls of a Brazilian sample by 3D morphometric analysis. Methods: A total of 116 CT scans from adults dried human skulls and mandibles were selected at random ranging in age from 19 to 100 years (±57.31), both sexes. Measurements were performed in Rhinoceros 5 software from the median sagittal plane referenced. Continuous outcomes underwent the Shapiro-Wilk's normality test followed by Student's paired t test or Wilcoxon's test to check for differences. To correct the p-value for multiple comparisons, the Tukey's or Dunn's multiple comparisons post-hoc tests were also performed for One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. The significance and confidence levels were set, respectively, at 5% and 95%. Results: when the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina of the same side were compared, a statistically significant result occurred for all comparisons for both sides regarding male and female individuals (p<0.0001). Conclusion: the present work showed in 3-D morphometric analysis that we did not find foramina alignment in any of those studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health is a pivotal sign of overall health, well-being, and quality of life. With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), insights into the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and oral diseases are urgently needed to elucidate the oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2. The current review aims at analyzing various reports available on oral symptoms along with possible causation, their relationship to the time of occurrence of clinical symptoms, and to shape guidelines for dental practices that could help in combating this global pandemic. The common symptoms that patients report to the dental office even at the presymptomatic stage are ageusia (loss of taste), non-specific anosmia (loss of smell—not associated with rhinitis), and hyposalivation. Few studies also report unexplained ulcers in the oral cavity, desquamative gingivitis, herpetiform ulcers on attached gingiva, blisters/irregular ulcers on the tongue's dorsal surface enlargement of submandibular glands, and cervical lymph node enlargement. Dental surgeons should abide by the prevalent precautionary guidelines. They are at very high risk due to their close contact with patients and exposure to saliva and blood during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems and their provision of care has globally been challenged, including the delivery of Oral healthcare. In Ghana, it has become imperative that healthcare delivery including the practice of Dentistry and its sub-specialties be re-oriented in our peculiar setting to ensure minimal risk of spread of the infection. This article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of Dentistry in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents one of the major medical challenges that the World Health Organization (WHO) had to declare the situation as a pandemic and public health emergency. As the virus spreads very rapidly across the world through droplets and direct contact, dental professionals are at the highest risk of exposure to the infection. The emergence of COVID-19 has totally changed the way we practise dentistry. However, the true impact of COVID-19 towards pediatric dental practice is under-reported. Literature search was conducted through PubMed, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases using the combination of terms such as "Covid19," "coronavirus," "pediatric dentistry," and "paediatric dentistry" to identify relevant documents. This review was written around the impact of COVID-19 on scheduling appointments, infection control practices, and clinical settings and impact on dental care practices. With limited available sources, recommendations were summarized from included guidelines and clinical recommendations. Pediatric dentists are advised to remain vigilant to recent international and local institutional guidelines; appropriate professional clinical judgment should be considered when making decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus originated from Wuhan, China in December 2019 was designated initially as an epidemic but later in a short period it was declared as a pandemic. Currently, this pandemic has spread to 210 countries. There is a steady increase in the number of people getting infected with COVID and a surge in mortality as well. It is an alarming situation for health-care professionals. Dental professionals, by the very nature of treatment (direct contact with the patient's mouth, saliva, aerosols, and droplets), carry a potential risk of getting infected or transmitting infection. Various associations have developed guidelines for an approach to the dental treatment in COVID crisis. With current knowledge, prevention and isolation seem to be the best method reiterating the old-age saying "Prevention is better than cure." In this review, we will discuss with the help of flowcharts various preventive measures to decrease the spread of infection and precautions for the dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The transition of dental graduates to the workforce is of interest to dental educators. The ways dentists think about success and successful practice tend to be tied to business parameters, patient flow and job satisfaction. These measures are narrow, however, and there is scant literature exploring success in ways that connects with professional identity formation. This study aims to add to scholarly understanding about the experiences of newly graduated dentists by asking: What is the variation in the ways new graduate dentists experience success in practice? Methods: The qualitative methodology used in this study is phenomenography. Phenomenography studies the variation in the way a group of people experience a common phenomenon. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 new dentists who had graduated from the University of Sydney. Results: Five increasingly sophisticated, qualitatively distinct categories of description were identified: the day runs smoothly, keeping busy, providing quality patient care, generating personal meaning and having a sense of connection and belonging. Conclusions: This study gives insights into the complex ways newly graduated dentists think about successful dentistry. It broadens our view of successful practice beyond commercial aspects to include practitioner identity. Importantly, sense of responsibility, the practice environment and mentorship emerge as key players in this transitional career stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resuming regular clinical activities at dental premises after the COVID-19 lockdown period or post COVID-19 is likely to be a challenge for all dental institutes. When returning to the dental practice or training, staff and students alike should abide by the new rules and regulations. In the process of controlling viral spread, clinical dental facilities face a higher risk of disease transmission among patients as well as clinical and non-clinical staff. Aerosols formation and diffusion into the surrounding air can be a real concern of viral transmission, if no protective measures are established. We aim in this review to present the currently implemented measures and propose changes in clinical dental facilities to minimize the risk of transmission. Dental professionals should be prepared to treat every patient as a suspected COVID-19 carrier and be ready to receive and manage an overwhelming number of patients. We suggest that dental practices establish a sensible workforce shift schedule, improve ventilation levels, reduce dental aerosol generating procedures, and develop a comprehensive guidance to Healthcare Workers to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentistry is perceived as a profession that is more stressful than other jobs. Many occupational health problems persist in modern dentistry. It is high time we, the dentists, also inculcate the practice of performing Yoga in our daily life regime, to strengthen our muscles of neck, shoulder and back, to save ourselves from musculoskeletal pains. The "Asana" recommended in the Yoga, specifically for posture-related problems can be of great help to the dental professionals in managing their day to day muscular discomfort and pain. The need of the hour is just to modify our lifestyle to get the maximum out of our professional and personal life. This review article focus on the importance of yoga in dental practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethics is the understanding and the ability to differentiate right from wrong in human behavior. Dental ethics denotes moral duties and obligations of a dental practitioner towards their patients, fellow colleagues, and the society at large. An ethical practice among dentists ensure good patient care in concurrence with their treatment needs. Ethical principles and codes introduced by regulatory bodies benefit the patient, avoid harm, and respect patient's preferences. Ethical dilemmas are faced by orthodontists during orthodontic interventions, even though important human values may be at stake during the course of treatment. The code of ethics in dentistry warrants an orthodontist to act in the best interest of their patients regardless of their financial status, even putting themselves at jeopardy if need be. This article thus focuses on the morals and ethics that should be abided by an orthodontist in order to deliver the best possible care to their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread concerns internationally and among the members of the public health community including dental health professionals. The dental health care professionals are at higher than usual risk due to the proximity to the patient's face, direct contact with the body fluids such as saliva and blood. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the symptoms, modes of transmission of the COVID-19 infection, triaging of the dental patients, specific recommendations for the management of the dental patient, infection control modalities with an emphasis on dental specialties, global outlook on the pandemic by dentists, and implications on the patients and dentists. A literature search was performed and articles about the symptoms and modes of transmission of the COVID-19 infection, management of COVID-19 diffusion in dental practice were retrieved. The articles were then reviewed and infection control measures for various dental specialties as well as patient management strategies were also outlined in the results. The dental team has to implement measures to provide care and treatment to the patient as well as prevent the spread of the infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To provide comprehensive information regarding the implications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mode of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its effects on orthodontic care during the pandemic and post-pandemic outbreak of the disease, based on currently available literature and information. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive research for studies that focused on the COVID-19 pandemic and orthodontic care up to August 18, 2020, with no language restriction. The databases included PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) 2020. The research was focused on presenting symptoms, disease transmission, infection control, orthodontic care, and financial implications affecting the delivery of orthodontic treatment. The research also included reports from major health policy regulatory bodies such as World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and major international dental and orthodontic societies and associations. The peer-reviewed publications and guidelines from the health regulatory authorities were given priority. Results: The latest information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus effects and orthodontic implications were arranged sequentially. The SARS-CoV-2 virus mode of transmission and its prevention were emphasized to keep the orthodontic and dental operatory safe for continuing practice. Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed the way orthodontics is practiced. Strict infection control, near-zero aerosol production, and minimal touch dentistry are the keys to prevent contamination of orthodontic operatory. During the pandemic, only emergency orthodontic procedures could be extended to the orthodontic patient while adhering to all the regulatory guidelines. Fortunately, to date, there is no reported case of cross-transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the dental setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common among dental professionals. The most common areas affected are the trunk, neck, shoulders and wrists. Current evidence suggests that the causes of MSD can be found in the physical demands of the profession. Posture and movement during treatment is influenced by the arrangement of the treatment concept (patient chair, equipment and cabinets). It has not been investigated whether the ergonomic risk differs between the treatment concepts. Methods: To evaluate the prevalence of MSD in dental professionals, 1000 responses will be collected from a nationwide (Germany) online questionnaire (mod. Nordic Questionnaire and mod. Meyer questionnaire). In order to assess the ergonomic risk of the treatment techniques used in the four treatment concepts, 3D movement analyses are carried out with inertial sensors. For this purpose, 20 teams of dentists and dental assistants from four dental fields of specializations (generalists, orthodontists, endodontists and oral surgeons) and a student control group will be recruited. Each team will execute field specific standardized treatments at a dummy head. Measurements are carried out in each of the four treatment concepts. The data will be analyzed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) which will be modified for the evaluation of objective data. Conclusions: On the basis of these investigations, a substantial gain of knowledge regarding work-related MSD in the field of dentistry and its potential biomechanical causes is possible. For the first time, objective and differentiated comparisons between the four treatment concepts are possible for different fields of dental specialization. Up to now, statically held positions of the trunk and proximal upper extremities, but also the repetitive movements of the hands have been considered a risk for MSD. Since both are included in the RULA, dental activities can be assessed in a detailed but also global manner with regard to ergonomic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracanal medicaments are temporary placement of medicaments with good biocompatibility into root canals for the aim of inhibiting coronal invasion of bacteria from the mouth. The main function of intracanal medicaments are to eliminate microorganisms and to prevent and control the post treatment pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice on use of intracanal medicaments for root canal treatment among dental students. This was a survey based study and was conducted in an online forum “Google forms”. This survey was taken by around 200 dental students, both undergraduates and postgraduates. The questionnaire was framed to evaluate the ideas and knowledge of dental students about intracanal medicaments. The information collected through the survey was analysed using SPSS and presented as descriptive statistics. 200 students participated in this survey, out of which 76.9% of the dental students were aware of the usage of intracanal medicaments in root canal treatment. 47% of the students confess that usage of intracanal medicaments in root canal treatment are sometimes difficult to handle. Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that the knowledge regarding the usage of intracanal medicaments among dental students was fair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a global health pandemic that has affected life of every individual in the world. It is caused by a novel Corona virus strain that has caused seventh Corona virus infection that has affected human population, named as "COVID-19" virus by the World Health Organization. Previously, six Corona virus infections have affected humans but those caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have proved to be more lethal. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been found as the receptor for COVID-19 through which cellular entry of the virus is mediated into the body. These receptors are abundantly present in the oral cavity especially on the epithelial cells of the tongue, oral mucosa and the gingiva. Saliva is an oral bio-fluid of the oral cavity in which high titres of the virus have been identified during early and later stages of infection. Saliva collection is a non-invasion method and can act as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 disease. Common oral symptoms of the disease include transient loss of taste, smell and dryness of mouth. Precautionary measures must be taken by dentist before carrying out any dental procedure for safety of the health care professional, staff and also the patient. Dental community must think of the "new normal" regarding clinical dental care in light of post-COVID-19 situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The paper investigates the causes and consequences of excess supply of fully qualified dentists in the Indian healthcare industry. The soaring unemployment rates further deteriorates the situation.The urbanization of dental practice has increased intensity of the competition in this field. Migration of dentists to middle east and their attempt to change their career path is also discussed. Objective: To analyse the impact of organizational commitment and work pressure on the job satisfaction the dentists practising in India and to study their turnover intension. Method: The analysis is done mainly on the current employment characteristics, the job satisfaction and the turnover intention of Indian dentists. The tools used for the study are PLS-SEM. Conclusion: The results reveal a positive effect of organizational commitment on job satisfaction and that there was a negative effect of work pressure on job satisfaction amongst dentists. It was also observed that, Job satisfaction and level of income satisfaction are the predictors of turnover intention that are statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this pilot study was to create a valid and reliable set of assessment questions for examining Evidence-based Dentistry (EbD) knowledge. For this reason, we adapted and validated for dental students the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), which assesses Evidence-based Medicine (EbM) abilities. Methods: The Berlin Questionnaire was validated with medical residents. We adapted it for use in a dentistry setting. An expert panel reviewed the adapted BQ for content validity. A cross-sectional cohort representing four training levels (EbD-novice dental students, EbD-trained dental students, dentists, and EbM−/EbD-expert faculty) completed the questionnaire. A total of 140 participants comprised the validation set. Internal reliability, item difficulty and item discrimination were assessed. Construct validity was assessed by comparing the mean total scores of students to faculty and comparing proportions of students and faculty who passed each item. Results: Among the 133 participants (52 EbD-novice dental students, 53 EbD-trained dental students, 12 dentists, and 16 EbM-/ EbD-expert faculty), a statistically significant (p < 0.001) difference was evident in the total score corresponding to the training level. The total score reliability and psychometric properties of items modified for discipline-specific content were acceptable. Cronbach's alpha was 0.648. Conclusion: The adapted Berlin Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to assess competence in Evidence-based Dentistry in dental students. Future research will focus on refining the instrument further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient safety and quality of healthcare delivery systems are an objective of WHO. This study aims to present and analyse Portuguese clinical data on risk and malpractice in dental practice. Data from the Forensic Dentistry Laboratory (Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra) was analysed, between the years of 2013 to 2018. One hundred and seven technical reports were selected, and seventy nine files were included in the iatrogenic sequelae group. Data included the analysis of the performance of dental professionals. Sequelae were divided in descending order of occurrence:1) mandibular dysfunction (53,2%)[(42)79]; 2) neurological deficit (39,2%)[(31)79]; 3) tooth loss (6,3%)[(5)79]; and 4) opening deficit (1,3%)[(1)79].Three major areas with significant expression in the field of expert evaluations were analysed: 1) orthodontic treatment (51,9%), implant rehabilitation (29,1%), and oral surgery. Given the prevalence of malpractice, the need to assess its causes and recognise standards for its prevention is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV 2) and its linked coronavirus disease has troubled the entire world community led to a serious public health concerns. Despite the various efforts to stop the spread of this disease globally, the outbreak is still on the rise because of the community spread pattern of this disease. This is believed to have originated in bats pangolins initially later it got transmitted to humans. Once it comes in the human body, this corona virus remains abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients. Its spreading nature is mainly through the respiratory droplet spread / aerosol infection. Dental professionals, including Orthodontists ,Oral Surgeons, Periodontists, Endodontists and Prosthodontists are all at high risk, since they may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS COV 2 infection will have to act accordingly not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief detailing of the cause, sign symptoms and different routes of transmission of this infection. In addition specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies and patient management protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To examine the efect of age and gender on dental services provided by dentists in Australia, and compare with previous estimates across the period 1983-1984 to 2013-2014.Methods: Data were collected by mailed survey from a random sample of Australian dentists. Private sector dentists were the focus of the analysis. Data were weighted to the age and sex distribution of Australian practising dentists.Results: The analysis was based on service logs collected from n = 211 dentists. Adjusted results (rate ratio, 95% CI) showed male dentists had higher endodontic rates (1.7, 1.0-2.9) than female dentists. Dentists aged 40-49 years had higher restorative rates (1.6, 1.1-2.2) but lower preventive rates (0.5, 0.3-0.9) than those aged 20-29 years. Diagnostic services were lower for dentists aged 40-49 to 60+ years (0.8, 0.6-0.9), while denture services were higher for dentists aged 40-49 (11.1, 2.5-48.5) to 60+ years (6.4, 1.2-33.3). Crowns were higher for dentists aged 40-49 (2.4, 1.0-5.6) and 50-59 years (2.9, 1.3-6.6). Diagnostic and preventive services were consistently higher across 1983-1984 to 2013-2014.Conclusions: Younger dentists provided higher rates of diagnostic and preventive services. Over a 30-year period, there was a consistent trend towards higher provision of diagnostic and preventive services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rise in the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increase in biomedical waste (BMW) all over the globe that leads to the perilous situation. Hence, this review has made an attempt to gather all the guidelines for appropriate BMW management in dental practice during COVID-19 pandemic. The keywords such as Biomedical waste management guidelines, COVID-19, dental waste management, and India were used in the literature search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar along with the various guidelines provided by international, national agencies and verified government websites with a focus on the BMW management in dentistry during COVID-19. The result enumerated that Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016, categorizes the bio-medical waste generated from the health-care facility into four categories based on the segregation pathway and color code. These guidelines were reshaped in 2018, 2019, and in 2020 for COVID-19 pandemic. Collection and segregation of biomedical waste separately before handling it to the Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility was highly recommended that should be labeled with “COVID-19” both in medical and dental waste management guidelines. This review revealed that BMW management guidelines should be followed by all the health-care fraternities including oral health professionals as they are at a heightened risk of COVID-19, it is vital that they are informed of the most up-to-date protocols for BMW disposal in this pandemic.

The psychological management of children and adolescents in need of pedodontics or orthodontic treatments continues to be an essential objective in dental activity because along with the accuracy of the techniques that are used, anxiety reduction, and knowledge of how to approach the patient are necessary for the treatment to be successful. Therefore, our study aimed to validate the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders questionnaire, the child version of 41 items (SCARED-C) in the Romanian population for later use in pediatric dentistry. The instrument showed moderate to good internal consistency (α Cronbach from 0.63 to 0.91 for the total scale) and good test–retest reliability (0.70) on a subset of a sample comprising 85 children. A confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the factor structure of the Romanian version of the SCARED-C; the results showed that SCARED-C has good psychometric properties that can be used for screening anxiety in Romanian children and adolescents. The implications of using the SCARED-C in dental practice are discussed. Future studies need to be conducted to explore the convergent and discriminative validity of the instrument and its sensitivity to current DSM-V criteria. Application on a pediatric dental sample is also required.

This report uses data derived from a survey of 13,600 general dentists throughout California and constructs a picture of private dental practice in California; including staffing levels, wage and benefits, patient populations, and experiences in utilizing Allied Dental Health Professionals (ADHP). As it relates specifically to the question of a workforce shortage of ADHP, dentists reported on the length of time to hire these personnel, their perceptions of shortage, and the impact of a shortage on their practice. In this report, a shortage is examined by identifying delays in hiring dental hygienists and dental assistants, used to define a workforce shortage. The report also details various aspects of experienced shortages by examining geographic distributions where shortages may be more problematic and where efforts to alleviate shortage may be focused.

Periodontitis and dental caries are two major bacterially induced, non-communicable diseases that cause the deterioration of oral health, with implications in patients’ general health. Early, precise diagnosis and personalized monitoring are essential for the efficient prevention and management of these diseases. Here, we present a disk-shaped microfluidic platform (OralDisk) compatible with chair-side use that enables analysis of non-invasively collected whole saliva samples and molecular-based detection of ten bacteria: seven periodontitis-associated (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola) and three caries-associated (oral Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus). Each OralDisk test required 400 µL of homogenized whole saliva. The automated workflow included bacterial DNA extraction, purification and hydrolysis probe real-time PCR detection of the target pathogens. All reagents were pre-stored within the disk and sample-to-answer processing took < 3 h using a compact, customized processing device. A technical feasibility study (25 OralDisks) was conducted using samples from healthy, periodontitis and caries patients. The comparison of the OralDisk with a lab-based reference method revealed a ~90% agreement amongst targets detected as positive and negative. This shows the OralDisk’s potential and suitability for inclusion in larger prospective implementation studies in dental care settings.

The direct oral anticoagulant drugs (DOAC) are generally safe and effective in several clinical settings including acute venous thromboembolic disease, prophylaxis in the postoperative setting, prevention of thromboembolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, and in the management of acute coronary syndrome. The relatively short half-life, rapid onset of action, and predictable pharmacokinetics should simplify periprocedural use of the DOAC. The aim of this work is to propose and summarize periprocedural management of patients treated with the DOAC in dental practice and to inform about the principal specifications of this treatment.

The Code of Ethics is a set of principles of professional conduct which establishes the requirements and expectations for dentists in fulfilling duties to their patients. In dentistry, ethical issues are present in every decision and unethical conduct seriously compromises the service to patients. Many dental organizations have published codes of ethical conduct to guide member dentists in their practice. In this article, the authors describe the most important principles of ethics, like: beneficence and non-maleficence, patient confidentiality, autonomy and consent, dental treatment for violent and HIV infected patients. They conclude that the malpractice has gained much interest in the past years and unfortunately, this aspect can become a legal issue. More specialized courses are required to make the right decisions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Background: A new NHS dental practice contract is being tested using a traffic light (TL) system that categorises patients as being at red (high), amber (medium) or green (low) risk of poor oral health. This is intended to increase the emphasis on preventative dentistry, including giving advice on ways patients can improve their oral health. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF™) cameras (Inspektor Research Systems BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) also potentially offer a vivid portrayal of information on patients’ oral health. Methods: Systematic review – objective: to investigate how patients value and respond to different forms of information on health risks. Methods: electronic searches of nine databases, hand-searching of eight specialist journals and backwards and forwards citation-chasing followed by duplicate title, abstract- and paper-screening and data-extraction. Inclusion criteria limited studies to personalised information on risk given to patients as part of their health care. Randomised controlled trial (RCT) – setting: NHS dental practice. Objective: to investigate patients’ preferences for and response to different forms of information about risk given at check-ups. Design: a pragmatic, multicentred, three-arm, parallel-group, patient RCT. Participants: adults with a high/medium risk of poor oral health attending NHS dental practices. Interventions: (1) information given verbally supported by a card showing the patient’s TL risk category; (2) information given verbally supported by a QLF photograph of the patient’s mouth. The control was verbal information only (usual care). Main outcome measures: primary outcome – median valuation for the three forms of information measured by willingness to pay (WTP). Secondary outcomes included toothbrushing frequency and duration, dietary sugar intake, smoking status, self-rated oral health, a basic periodontal examination, Plaque Percentage Index and the number of tooth surfaces affected by caries (as measured by QLF). Qualitative study – an ethnography involving observations of 368 dental appointments and interviews with patients and dental teams. Results: Systematic review – the review identified 12 papers (nine of which were RCTs). Eight studies involved the use of computerised risk assessments in primary care. Intervention effects were generally modest, even with respect to modifying risk perceptions rather than altering behaviour or clinical outcomes. RCT – the trial found that 51% of patients identified verbal information as their most preferred form, 35% identified QLF as most preferred and 14% identified TL information as most preferred. The median WTP for TL was about half that for verbal information alone. Although at 6 and 12 months patients reported taking less sugar in drinks, and at 12 months patients reported longer toothbrushing, there was no difference by information group. Qualitative study – there was very little explicit risk talk. Lifestyle discussions were often cursory to avoid causing shame or embarrassment to patients. Limitations: Only 45% of patients were retained in the trial at 6 months and 31% were retained at 12 months. The trial was conducted in four dental practices, and five dental practices were involved in the qualitative work. Conclusions: Patients prefer personal, detailed verbal advice on oral health at their check-up. A new NHS dental practice contract using TL categorisation might make this less likely. Future work: Research on how to deliver, within time constraints, effective advice to patients on preventing poor oral health. More research on ‘risk work’ in wider clinical settings is also needed. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN71242343. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 3. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Background: Children's age is a significant predictor factor for their panic and conduct intraoperatively. A child's developmental stage influences their ability to handle stress in dental operations, and it seems that younger children are more anxious and have a better capacity to cope with dental procedures. Age and gender are said to have a significant influence on emotional quotient (EQ) and intelligence quotient (IQ), but the data regarding this is extremely sparse in the dental literature., Aim: To find the impact of age and gender on EQ, IQ, panic, and conduct of children in an oral care setup., Materials and Methods: A total of 57 female and 50 male (total 107) children were considered participants aged 7-12 years. The study was executed in two sessions in the pediatric dentistry department. In the first session, "Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: youth version (Bar-On EQ-i: YV)" and the "Raven's colored progressive matrices (RCPM)" tests were administered to evaluate the EQ and IQ of the children, and a clinical psychologist supervised and guided the whole procedure. In the second appointment, anxiety was recorded using the "faces version of the modified child's dental anxiety scale (MCDAS (f) )," whereas behavior was recorded with the "sound, eye, and motor (SEM) scale." Interpretation of data was done by statistical methods., Results: The difference in IQ scores between the groups aged 7-9 and 10-12 years was not statistically significant. There was a statistically notable difference ( p -value of 0.006) in the RCPM IQ scores among male and female participants, where female participants scored better. There was a statistically insignificant variation in total EQ scores between male and female participants. Based on age and gender, a statistically insignificant variation was noted in the anxiety scores (MCDAS (f) ) among participants. A statistically notable difference ( p -value of 0.018) was seen between the SEM scores of the 7-9 and 10-12 years age-groups. SEM scores of male and female participants showed no significant difference., Conclusion: There was no influence of age on the IQ and EQ scores of the participants. A gender difference was found in relation to the IQ scores and the intrapersonal and stress management subscales of EQ. Based on age and gender, there was a statistically nonsignificant difference between the anxiety scores (MCDAS (f) ) of the participants. A statistically notable variation was seen between the SEM scores for behavior of the 7-9 and 10-12 years age-groups. Statistically insignificant variation was noted between the SEM scores of both genders., How to Cite This Article: Agarwalla S, Chandra B, Kundu GK. Influence of Age and Gender on Emotional Intelligence, Intelligence Quotient, Anxiety, and Behavior of Children in a Dental Setup. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(5):518-523., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: NoneConflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Background: Assessment of awareness levels about any hospital is critical to judge its current standings and plan for future development. Limited literature is available about dental health in Libya., Aim: This study aimed to study the awareness and perception of the various specialty services offered by the Faculty of Dentistry (SDC), Sebha University for their quality and preference., Materials and Methods: It was a performance monitoring research, and the data was collected by interview using a standardized questionnaire. Non-probability judgmental sampling was used. The offered services included all specialties in dentistry and oral cancer screening. Information relating to the awareness and perception of SDC specialty services was collected with few agree/disagree questions from 450 subjects. Data was collected, tabulated, and analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS v23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA)., Results: About 22.7% (n=102) were in the 45-54 years age group. Self-employed (n=108, 24%) and professional (n=108, 24%) were noted in occupation. Forty-eight (n=216) were graduates. Three hundred twenty-eight respondents (72.9%) were aware about the dental services. Four hundred twenty-eight respondents (95.1%) have visited SDC. Three hundred six respondents (68%) were satisfied, and 66 respondents (14.7%) were very much satisfied. Dental health checkups were predominantly known to the respondents (n=302, 67%). For all the other specialties, the awareness level was low., Conclusion: The identification of weak areas is crucial for the future planning and development of oral health care rendered by SDC., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Sethuraman et al.)

Background: Restorative dentistry plays a crucial role in dental practice, necessitating professionals to stay abreast with the latest advancements in the field. The advancement of technology has made web-based learning a widely used method of education delivery in dentistry, providing learners with extensive information and flexibility., Objective: This study aims to evaluate how effective an online educational course in restorative dentistry is for dental graduates in Syria., Methods: This study used a pre-experimental study design, with pretest and posttest assessments to measure changes in participants' knowledge and skills. A total of 21 dental graduates completed the online course in restorative dentistry, which was hosted on Moodle, using the learning management system of the Syrian Virtual University. Participants were provided with a suggested learning sequence and had the flexibility to navigate the course on their own and at their own pace. The course was developed based on the principles of web course design and web-based course development using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) general instructional design model. The pretest and posttest assessments consisted of 50 multiple-choice questions with a single correct answer, aligning with the course content. Furthermore, participants were asked to complete a course acceptance survey upon finishing the course., Results: The results showed a significant improvement in the participants' knowledge of restorative dentistry, supported by a statistically significant P value of less than .05. The effect size of the difference between the pre and posttest indicated that the effect size, as indicated by ω 2 , demonstrated a significant 62.1% difference between the pre and posttest, indicating a high and statistically significant effect. Furthermore, the value derived from the Haridy obtained work ratio formula indicated that the educational program was effective, with an effectiveness amount of 3.36%. Additionally, 93% (n=19) of respondents expressed confidence in having gained the expected benefits from the educational course upon its completion., Conclusions: The findings indicated a notable enhancement in the participants' understanding of restorative dentistry. The participants' high satisfaction rate and positive feedback from the course acceptance survey further emphasize the favorable reception of the web-based learning approach. This study highlights the potential of web-based learning in dental education, opening the door for future research in this area. The findings of this study carry important implications for the design and implementation of web-based educational programs in dentistry, suggesting that such programs can serve as an effective tool for continuous professional development in the field., (©Rasha Al-Sbei, Jawdat Ataya, Issam Jamous, Mayssoon Dashash. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 05.03.2024.)

Introduction: Virtual reality-based interactive simulation (VRIS) provides a safe and controlled environment for dental students and professionals to develop skills and knowledge. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using the VRIS for prosthodontic practice and to explore the trends, application areas, and users' attitudes towards VRIS., Materials and Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for searching studies published until 21 March 2023 that reported quantitative or qualitative learning outcomes related to the use of VRIS for dental prosthodontic practice and clinical training. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education (NOS-E) tools. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the intervention group (utilizing VRIS) and the control group (employing conventional prosthodontic training methods) based on performance skill scores and task completion time, with a significance level set at <.05., Results: The meta-analysis revealed that the utilization of VRIS generally improves students' performance scores (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI, -0.35 to 2.44; I 2  > 50%; p = .13) and reduces task completion time (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI, 1.39-7.72; I 2  > 50%; p = .93). Notably, using VRIS significantly enhanced the performance scores in implant surgery practice (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.42; p < .05). Additionally, the VRIS method significantly reduced task completion time in the cavity restorative preparation task (SMD = -1.19; 95% CI, -1.85 to -0.53; p < .05)., Conclusion: Engaging in practice with VRIS has the potential to enhance learning proficiency in prosthodontic education. The advantages associated with VRIS encompass the provision of immediate feedback, decreased task completion time, heightened confidence and motivation, accelerated skill acquisition, improved performance scores, and increased learning engagement., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: Probiotics may exclude or antagonize oral pathogens and be useful to prevent oral dysbiosis and treat oral diseases. The objective of this review was to assess the benefits of probiotics in oral health and disease, and in dental practice; Methods: Primary articles published between January 2012 and 30 December 2020 with full text available were searched in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, B-on, and SciELO; Results: The electronic search identified 361 references of which 91 (25.2%) met all the inclusion criteria. In total, data from 5374 participants with gingivitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, caries, orthodontic conditions, halitosis, or oral conditions associated with chemo-radiotherapy were included. Despite major inconsistencies between clinical trials, probiotics have been found to contribute to reduce S. mutans counts (L. paracasei SD1), reduce probing depth in chronic periodontitis (B. animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 with L. reuteri), reduce levels of volatile sulfur compounds and halitosis (L. salivarius WB21), treat oral mucositis and improve the quality of life of patients undergoing cancer chemo-radiotherapy (L. brevis CD2). Combinations of probiotic bacteria tend to lead to higher clinical efficacy than any individual probiotic agent; Conclusion: Oral probiotics influence favorably the oral microbiota and provide benefits to the oral ecosystem in periodontal diseases, cariology, halitosis, orthodontics and management of oral mucositis resulting from cancer treatment. However, the use of probiotics in dental practice or in self-management preventive strategies requires additional well controlled clinical trials to determine the most effective probiotic combinations, the most appropriate probiotic vehicle, and the frequency of administration.