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To identify liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)-related molecular clusters, and to develop and validate a novel index based on LLPS for predicting the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We download the clinical and transcriptome data of PCa from TCGA and GEO database. The LLPS-related genes (LRGs) were extracted from PhaSepDB. Consensus clustering analysis was used to develop LLPS-related molecular subtypes for PCa. The LASSO cox regression analysis was performed to establish a novel LLPS-related index for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival (BCRFS). Preliminary experimental verification was performed. We initially identified a total of 102 differentially expressed LRGs for PCa. Three LLPS related molecular subtypes were identified. Moreover, we established a novel LLPS related signature for predicting BCRFS of PCa patients. Compared to low-risk patients in the training cohort, testing cohort and validating cohort, high-risk populations meant a higher risk of BCR and significantly poorer BCRFS. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.728, 0.762, and 0.741 at 1 year in the training cohort, testing cohort and validating cohort. Additionally, the subgroup analysis indicated that this index was especially suitable for PCa patients with age ≤ 65, T stage III-IV, N0 stage or in cluster 1. The FUS, which was the potential biomarker related to PCa liquid–liquid phase separation, was preliminarily identified and verified. This study successfully developed three LLPS-related molecular subtypes and identified a novel LLPS related molecular signature, which performed well in predicting BCRFS of PCa.

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Dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in plasmas are influenced by many plasma parameters, such as, ion temperature, electron number density, nonthermal and nonextensive parameters, and dust cyclotron frequency. The plasma system is described by plasma fluid equations. The Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation and instability growth rate of DAWs have been obtained by reductive perturbation method and small‐k$$ k $$ expansion method, respectively. The effects of plasma parameters on the linear dispersion relation, phase velocity, amplitude, width, soliton energy, and three‐dimensional instability of DAWs have been carried out. It is obvious that the incremental nonextensive (nonthermal) parameter leads to the shrinking (incremental) soliton energy and phase velocity. These results are useful for understanding dusty plasma dynamics with Cairns–Tsallis electrons in planetary rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic gastrectomy (RG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric cancer. Background: The clinical outcomes of RG over LG have not yet been effectively demonstrated. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 3599 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy at eight high-volume hospitals in China from January 2015 to June 2019. Propensity score matching was performed between patients who received RG and LG. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). Results: After 1:1 propensity score matching, 1034 pairs of patients were enrolled in a balanced cohort for further analysis. The 3-year DFS in the RG and LG was 83.7% and 83.1% (P=0.745), respectively, and the 3-year overall survival was 85.2% and 84.4%, respectively (P= 0.647). During 3 years of follow-up, 154 patients in the RG and LG groups relapsed (cumulative incidence of recurrence: 15.0% vs 15.0%, P= 0.988). There was no significant difference in the recurrence sites between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that RG had comparable 3-year DFS (77.4% vs 76.7%, P= 0.745) and overall survival (79.7% vs 78.4%, P= 0.577) to LG in patients with advanced (pathologic T2-4a) disease, and the recurrence pattern within 3 years was also similar between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). RG had less intraoperative blood loss, lower conversion rate, and shorter hospital stays than LG (all P> 0.05). Conclusions: For resectable gastric cancer, including advanced cases, RG is a safe approach with comparable 3-year oncological outcomes to LG when performed by experienced surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silicon quantum photonic circuit was proposed and realized for the generation and the dynamic manipulation of telecom-band frequency-degenerate polarization entangled Bell states. Frequency degenerate biphoton states were generated in four silicon waveguides by spontaneous four wave mixing. They were transformed to polarization entangled Bell states through on-chip quantum interference and quantum superposition, and then coupled to optical fibers. The property of polarization entanglement in generated photon pairs was demonstrated by two-photon interference under two non-orthogonal polarization bases. The output state could be dynamically switched between two Bell states, which was demonstrated by the simplified Bell state measurement. The experiment results indicated that the manipulation speed supported a modulation rate of several tens kHz, showing its potential on applications of quantum communication and quantum information processing requiring Bell state encoding and dynamic control.

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the association between autophagy and tumor immune infiltration (TII) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods and Materials. We downloaded the transcriptome profiling and clinical data for CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and obtained the normal colon transcriptome profiling data from Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) database. The list of autophagy-related signatures was obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. We isolated the autophagy-related genes from the CRC gene expression matrix and constructed an autophagy-related prognostic (ARP) risk model. Then, we constructed a multiROC curve to validate the prognostic ability of the ARP risk model. CIBERSORT was used to determine the fractions of 22 immune cells in each CRC sample, and the association between these TII cells and CRC clinical variables was further investigated. Finally, we estimated the association of 3 hub-ARP signatures and 20 different types of TII cell distribution. Results. We classified 447 CRC patients into 224 low-risk and 223 high-risk patients using the median ARP risk score. According to the univariate survival test results, except for gender (P=0.672), age (P=0.008), cancer stage, and pathological stage T, M, and N were closely correlated with the prognosis of CRC patients (P

Abstract Background Cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and long-term DDP stimulation increased resistance of NSCLC cells to this drug by enriching cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contributed to recurrence and worse prognosis of NSCLC, but the molecular mechanisms are still not fully delineated. Methods Real-Time qPCR and Western Blot analysis were conducted to examine gene expressions at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene system was used to validate the targeting sites among circRNA CDR1as, miR-641 and HOXA9 mRNA. Cell growth was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, trypan blue staining assay and colony formation assay. The Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was employed to measure cell apoptosis ratio. Spheroid formation and flow cytometer assay was used to evaluate cell stemness. Xenograft mice models were established to measure tumorgenicity in vivo, and Ki67 expressions in mice tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Here we identified a novel circRNA CDR1as/miR-641/Homeobox protein Hox-A9 (HOXA9) pathway regulated stemness and DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC. Mechanistically, circRNA CDR1as and HOXA9 were high-expressed, while miR-641 was low-expressed in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, instead of their corresponding parental DDP-sensitive NSCLC cells. Additionally, we validated that circRNA CDR1as positively regulated HOXA9 in NSCLC cells by serving as an RNA sponge for miR-641, and knock-down of circRNA CDR1as increased the sensitivity of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, which were reversed by downregulating miR-641 and upregulating HOXA9. Consistently, overexpression of circRNA CDR1as increased drug resistance of DDP-sensitive NSCLC cells by regulating miR-641/HOXA9 axis. In addition, the expression levels of stemness signatures (SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog) were higher in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, which also tended to form spheres and enrich CD44+CD166+ population compared to their parental DDP-sensitive NSCLC cells, suggesting that CSCs were enriched in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells. Notably, knock-down of circRNA CDR1as inhibited stemness of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells by inhibiting HOXA9 through upregulating miR-641. Conclusions Taken together, this study identified that circRNA CDR1as regulated stemness and DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC cells by targeting miR-641/HOXA9 axis.

Objective In this study, two glycosidases (XMosidases), β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase, were investigated on their in vitro hydrolysis activities of feed and on the improvement of growth performance in vivo in weanling pigs. Methods Enzyme activities of XMosidases in vitro were evaluated in test tubes and simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion, respectively, in the presence of NSPase. In vivo study was performed in 108 weaned piglets in a 28-d treatment. Pigs were allotted to one of three dietary treatments with six replicate pens in each treatment. The three treatment groups were as follows: i) Control (basal diet); ii) CE (basal diets+CE); iii) CE-Xmosidases (basal diets+ CE+β-xylosidase at 800 U/kg and β-mannosidase at 40 U/kg). CE was complex enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase, and mannanase). Results In vitro XMosidases displayed significant activities on hydrolysis of corn and soybean meal in the presence of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (xylanase and β-mannanase). In vitro simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion by XMosidases showed XMosidases achieved 67.89%±0.22% of dry matter digestibility and 63.12%±0.21% of energy digestibility at 40°C for 5 hrs. In weanling pigs, additional XMosidases to CE in feed improved average daily gain, feed conversion rate (p