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Polish historiography has celebrated the Czarownica powołana [The Denounced Witch] without studying it very closely, treating its author as a heroic, skeptical, enlightened voice crying out against the witch-trials of Poland-Lithuania. But the anonymous author was probably a Jesuit priest, and indubitably was a fervent proponent for Counter-Reformation. Although the author does condemn the cruel treatment of accused witches, his critique is aimed to return witch-trials to ecclesiastical courts – a step toward reasserting Catholic jurisdiction over all spiritual matters, including Protestant 'heresy.' It is probable that the very strategy which made the Denounced Witch so popular among certain factions of the Catholic church hierarchy rendered it anathema to noble or burgher reformers interested in ameliorating the plight of accused witches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to reveal common features in the interpretation of the genre of aria and its evolution in Europe and China from the Middle Ages to the beginning of Modern Times. The methodology is formed by musiccultural and intonational-stylistic analysis, as well as by a comparative style of styling. The scientific novelty is defined by revealing commonality in the development of certain phenomena in the development of the history of musical art of different countries, in particular, France and China due to the increased attention to the genre of the aria. Conclusions. The term "aria" in European music of this period meant three possible semantic nuances - "polite", "serious" and spiritual. Aria originated from the practice of French temple singing in the XII – XIII centuries, when high-frequency heterophony emphasized high and medium ("countertenor") voices and in which the free "rhetorical" development of the party was determined by the spiritual melody of the "tenor". In the future, the aria in the XVIIth century opera, according to the description, retained its connection with the old church singing tradition, which was subsequently abandoned. However, the genre of arias was actively used in the practice of the musical theater of China XV – XVI centuries (drama of Yuan, Kunqu), in which vocalization with its specific methods of sound production was generously filled with rhetoric of inventions and scenery, symbolizing the continuity of high traditions and church court lyrics in the era of national revival after liberation from the Mongol conquest. Aria is an important structural component of European and Chinese opera from the Middle Ages to the Modern Times. This historically defined this genre as the basic one for the representatives of the Far East, Tan Dun, and Yun Isang in their creative development of European composer technique and opera form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disputes of La Franja and Sigena oppose various ecclesiastical entities as well as several Spanish regional authorities, span several centuries, and concern ecclesiastical goods of enormous cultural value. The dispute has led to numerous rulings by ecclesiastical courts and Spanish courts, including civil courts, administrative courts, and the Constitutional Court. The different proceedings are a good example of the interaction between canon law norms and state law norms, as well as of the relevance of ecclesiastical court rulings within a state legal system. The dispute also shows the sensitivity with which cultural property disputes must be dealt with for religious as well as for political reasons and why it is not wise to let internal disputes within a religious group be handled by secular authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through their imagery and architecture many European Catholic churches tell the history of their locale and the struggles of the people. One such church is the colloquially known "Franziskanerkirche" in Salzburg. This unique church blends a Romanesque basilica form with a late Gothic hall choir and a series of Baroque chapels around the apse. Originally named the "Liebfrauenkirche" or "Church of Our Dear Lady," it has been part of both a men's and a women's convent, the city's parish church, the Archbishop's Cathedral, and the church for the Imperial Court. Through the stucco, paint, and stone, the history of the city, the impact of the Counter-Reformation, and the struggles between the citizens and ecclesiastical authorities can be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laurent Waelkens † door de Dagelijkse Redactie - par le Comité de rédaction - by the Editorial Committee X-XV Prijs Robert Feenstra [door] de Dagelijkse Redactie 321-322 Prix Robert Feenstra [par] le Comité de rédaction 322-323 Robert Feenstra Prize [by] the Editorial Committee 324-325 Articles Academic bibliography of Laurent Waelkens, compiled by W. Druwé 341-365 Arlettaz, F., Les minorités dans la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme, une absence délibérée 557-590 Chen, L., Roman law in the curriculum of the first Chinese students in England, France, and China 532-556 Dauchy, S., Why did Louis XIV establish High Courts of Justice in North America? 341 Hallebeek, J. (Amsterdam [VU]) ... 630 Heirbaut, D. (Gent) ... 24 Jurewicz, A.R. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The legal mosaic inherited from the partitioning states gave rise to dangerous phenomena, legal bigamy above all. Two conflicting political blocs - the secular and the ecclesiastical one - prevented the personal marriage law from being codified in the interwar period, which would have prevented further deterioration of legal chaos gnawing at the ancient foundations of the state, i.e. marriage and family. The aim of this article is to describe - using the historical and legal method - the most important aspects of dispute that emerged when attempts were made to unify marriage law in the lands of the Second Republic, as well as making reference to the arguments of the parties to the dispute concerning the choice of marriage form, jurisdiction in matrimonial cases and the possibility of dissolving a marriage by divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores St. Stephen's in Vienna as an ensemble of visual media that responded to the devotional and commemorative needs of its late medieval congregants. A holistic approach to aspects of the church's architecture and integral sculpture is used to refine the prevailing view of the church as an emblem of Habsburg patronage. On the basis of the wide-ranging plan changes that were adopted in the period after Rudolf IV's death, it is argued that the parish's patrician elite came to play a pivotal role in shaping one of Central Europe's most important city churches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report on the 17th century divorce court in Spanish-America. Topics discussed here include the breakdown of marriage and the role of the ecclesiastical courts in the mediation of such conflicts, four divorce cases featuring seven litigants and the court officials, and the voice of public opinion on appropriate marital conduct.

Since the 1970s welfare organisations operated by the churches in Germany have evolved into the country's largest employers. While church affiliation and attendance dropped sharply, the churches grew as employers. Caritas and Diakonie, the two largest faith-based welfare providers, enjoy a special status as ecclesiastical employers. They can dismiss employees that do not live in congruence with their worldview such as homosexuals, those who have re-married or those who exit the church. Moreover their employees are exempted from the right to strike. The following is the first study that offers a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenal rise of faith-based welfare providers in Germany and the consequences of their special status for employees. The encompassing analysis of labour-law conflicts in German courts between ecclesiastical employers and their employees shows that the contentiousness of those controversies has increased over time. We explain this with the changed composition in the workforce of Caritas and Diakonie which has, in contrast to former times, today much less connection to the values of the church. Moreover, our analysis of legal cases shows that Caritas and Diakonie so far have been able to successfully defend their special status in front of German courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the important corpus of late fourteenth-century songs transmitted under the cipher of the anonymous 'Monk of Salzburg', one piece stands out. In a primarily monophonic body of songs, 'Ju, ich jag' is both the only three-part canon and the only secular piece for which a specific model can be found. Composed to the melody of the Old French 'chace' or hunt-song 'Umblemens vos pri merchi', 'Ju, ich jag' records the meetings between Romance and Germanic understandings of the pastoral genre at the archiepiscopal court of Salzburg. Further, the Marian Leich 'O pia Maria', a Latin 'contrafactum' of 'Ju, ich jag', edited here for the first time, bears witness to the porousness between devotional and worldly song in the later Middle Ages. Viewing this group of songs through the perspective of translingualism, this article argues that the movement of cultural artefacts from one linguistic area to another is as much influenced by literary discourses and the connotation of poetic forms as it is by language, and locates it in the culturally complex milieu of the ecclesiastical court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the nineteenth book of his Decretum, Bishop Burchard of Worms (d. 1025) included a penitential titled the Corrector or Medicus. Although the Corrector has traditionally been described as a manual of private confession, this article argues that it was primarily used to judge public penances at church courts and synods. Focusing on the manuscript transmission of the Decretum in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, we find that the Corrector was almost never copied apart from the rest of the Decretum and that it was almost always copied alongside other legal texts. Turning to individual abbreviations, we also find that Burchard's collection was frequently reworked and rearranged so as to integrate canonical and penitential texts. These findings call into question current definitions of canon law collections and penitentials which presume functional exclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines women's participation in support networks, both sanctioned and illicit, in the Scottish town of Canongate in the early seventeenth century. Canongate's official system of poor relief, controlled by the local church court, was a central pillar of support for the town's poor. It was responsive and well organized, but it hinged on both the need of the poor relief recipients and their maintenance of a good reputation in the town. Women without a passable public reputation were still able to find support, however, as the Canongate church disciplinary court records attest. These records reveal extensive informal and illicit support networks of townspeople harbouring 'scandalous persons', networks that both supplemented and contested the sanctioned support system. This article explores the relationship between these systems of poor relief and harbouring and demonstrates that women at the economic and moral margins of the town participated in a dense and vibrant network of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early modern Europe, many adolescents both male and female were compelled by their elders to become professed religious, mainly for patrimonial reasons. Ecclesiastical regulations provided a means of contesting their involuntary monachization: making an appeal to the pope, which was then adjudicated by a Roman congregation. Based on records of the Congregation of the Council and other archival materials, this essay examines five seventeenth- and eighteenth-century cases of unwilling nuns in the Republic of Venice who sought annulment of their religious vows. These women faced a particular obstacle: the Venetian government's prohibition, strictly enforced, of nuns' and their legal representatives' appealing to Rome. By fleeing to states in which such appeals were permitted, two of them succeeded in escaping from their undesired destiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In one way, then, the focus of Collins's book is narrower than the overall relationship between Locke and Hobbes; in another way, however, it is much broader. Locke's theory of the relativity of identity is already to be found in Hobbes's I De Corpore i ; Locke's distinctive contribution was to complicate the account by adding his famous theory of personal identity. Collins pays some attention to the extraordinary affinities between Locke and Hobbes in this area, but he does not emphasize them as much as he might or bring out their significance for the issue of toleration. [Extracted from the article]

Recent studies suggest that Magna Carta could have been published mainly by the Church, which had a specific interest in spreading copies of the charter, and the technical ability to write, distribute and preserve them. These researches confirm the special sway of the Church on the formation of English legal system. First, thanks to the action of the Ecclesiastical Courts, which had a jurisdiction larger than that possessed by any other Ecclesiastical Courts in Europe. Then, in the decisive importance of the cultural background, based on canon law, of the holders of administrative and judicial offices of the kingdom. Finally, for the concrete contents of rules transmitted to the Equity system, and generally to English law. The influence of ecclesiastical jurisdiction was indeed decisive in marriage, in defining rights and interests in estates, in the development of contracts; but it was paramount even in the concrete shaping of rules and institutions nowadays surrounded by «an aura of Englishness», like wills and trusts. The role of the Church in the history of Common law tradition is so evident, that «any account of English legal development that does not take account of ecclesiastical jurisdiction is therefore an incomplete account». Recenti studi dimostrano che la Magna Carta sarebbe stata pubblicata soprattutto dalla Chiesa, che aveva uno specifico interesse nel diffondere copie dello statuto, e le abilità tecniche per scriverle, distribuirle e conservarle. Queste ricerche confermano la speciale influenza della Chiesa sulla formazione dell'ordinamento giuridico inglese. In primo luogo, grazie all'azione delle Corti ecclesiastiche, che ebbero una giurisdizione più ampia rispetto a quella che possedevano tutte le altre Corti ecclesiastiche in Europa. In secondo luogo, per la decisiva importanza del background culturale, basato sul diritto canonico, dei titolari degli uffici amministrativi e giudiziari del regno. Infine, per i contenuti concreti delle regole trasmesse al sistema di Equity, e in generale al diritto inglese.L'influenza della giurisdizione ecclesiastica fu, infatti, decisiva in tema di matrimonio, nella determinazione dei diritti e degli interessi nelle proprietà, nell'evoluzione della disciplina dei contratti; ma è stata fondamentale anche nella concreta elaborazione di regole e istituzioni tutt'oggi circondate da un'aura di «Englishness», come il testamento e il trust. Il ruolo della Chiesa nella storia della tradizione del Common law è così evidente che «any account of English legal development that does not take account of ecclesiastical jurisdiction is therefore an incomplete account».

Over time, church members became increasingly dissatisfied with the results of church-led arbitration hearings, asserting that decisions lacked impartiality or failed to consider matters from a jurisprudential viewpoint. Perry's use of civil court records alongside church records is novel in examining ecclesiastical disciplinary matters. As the economic landscape of the United States changed rapidly during the market revolution of the 1820 s, church members found it necessary "to look beyond church walls for effective arbitration within an economy shaped by impersonal market forces" (p. 83). [Extracted from the article]

"A History of Divorce Law: Reform in England from the Victorian to Interwar Years" by Henry Kha explores the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857 and its significance in the history of family law. Kha argues that previous scholars have primarily viewed the act as a procedural reform, but he believes it was a landmark moment that made divorce more accessible and signaled a shift from religious to secular authority. However, Kha's argument is challenged by the fact that the act maintained a double standard between men and women in divorce grounds. The book also examines the erosion of divorce law foundations in the early 20th century, but fails to fully explore the impact of the act on the number of divorces. [Extracted from the article]

But Kesselring and Stretton's treatment of this theme is far more thorough than anything hitherto available, including a full discussion of the opposition that the development of alimony jurisdiction generated in the parliament of 1610 and more broadly among common lawyers. Most studies of marriage, separation and divorce in early modern England are based in the records of the church courts. Marriage, Separation, and Divorce in England, 1500-1700: by K. J. Kesselring and Tim Stretton, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2022, 195 pp., £70.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780192849953. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores how the transhistorical story of girls and woman are being vanished and how "English Literary Renaissance" (ELR) has fought against the disappearance of women authors from literary history. Topics covered include men and women as transmitters of history based on the deposition books in early modern ecclesiastical courts and stories of vanished women and children.

Summary: The implementation of canon law in the medieval ecclesiastical courts is an enigmatic issue. This article focuses on the types of defense arguments made by people accused of failing to observe holy days, as well as how courts judged such excuses. Even though failing to properly observe holy days – nonobservance – was a minor crime, the courts set a high standard when evaluating justifiable excuses for failing to observe holy days. The courts tended to reject most defense arguments. Despite the overall decline of the ecclesiastical courts in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, there was no decline in the high standards demanded by the courts in nonobservance cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Meanwhile, the crown's discovery that hundreds or even thou- sands of armed men had successfully infiltrated Lyon, the reports it soon received of armed bands on the march elsewhere, and the fear of still further enterprises that was periodically renewed throughout September and October brought renewed repressive activity of unprecedented vigor down upon the Reformed churches in the regions that appeared to be the centers of Protestant turbulence and sedition. Although the Triou deposition identifies Jean as the leader of the Lyon enterprise, Edme's dramatic flight from court at the moment of the Amboise conspiracy appears to have made him the brother most clearly identified by the royal administration as a plotter. From the time of the events onward, the telling of this tale has been marked by an overwhelming concentration on the Amboise enterprise, to the point that many historians and Calvin biographers seem entirely unaware of the Maligny affair or the efforts made for six months after Amboise to push Antoine or Conde to lead an armed cavalcade to court. Cardet subsequently led one of the companies from Languedoc that went to Orleans after Conde raised the standard of revolt there.4 3 Jean de Fay-Virieu-Malleval, who brought the urgent message to Maligny to cancel the Lyon enterprise and subsequently helped organize the successful extraction of the conspirators from the city, became governor of Tournon for the Protestant forces during the First Civil War. [Extracted from the article]

CONSPIRATORS FROM GENEVA: MEN AND MOTIVES 163 him when both men were in Geneva, drew up a will in the city on February 17, 1560 - in other words, just before setting out for Amboise - that named as his children's guardian in the event of his death the minister and probable conspirator Francois de M orel, who was married to his wife's sister. Six Conspirators from Geneva: Men and Motives H aving to distance himself from a failed plot and insist that he had always sought to avoid bloodshed was nothing new for Calvin in November 1560. On other occasions, they criticized a pastor's remarks or what they believed to be an ill- formulated prayer.2 1 W hen the consistory got wind of this, it turned to the secular authorities to ask whether it was appropriate for Bernese subjects to express their views on such matters and to urge that the Maillanes be told that when in Geneva, they should just listen to the 2 0 Kingdon, Geneva and the Coming, 72, 77. 2 1 AEG, R Consist 13, fos. CONSPIRATORS FROM GENEVA: MEN AND MOTIVES 157 preachers and keep their thoughts to themselves.22 Several days later, Ardoin and Jean were called before the Council, as was Calvin, who labeled them as "displeasing (deplaisans).". [Extracted from the article]

The author discusses the High Court of England and Wales and its three Divisions, the Queen's Bench, Family and Chancery Divisions.

Republished in Czech as I Jan Dismas Zelenka (1679-1745): Cesky Hudebník na Drázd'anském Dvore i , with new introduction "Predmluva K Ceskému Vydání". I Jan Dismas Zelenka: Zelenka Sonatas. i Ensemble Marsyas with Monica Huggett. I Jan Dismas Zelenka: Psalmi Vespertini III. i Ensemble Inégal, Prague Baroque Soloists, cond. I Jan Dismas Zelenka: Psalmi Varii: Separatim Scripti. i Ensemble Inégal, Prague Baroque Soloists, cond. [Extracted from the article]

The enormous shifts in Europe's political landscape in the early twentieth century accompanied a reconstruction of the identity of Dresden-based Bohemian composer Jan Dismas Zelenka (1679–1745) and a reassessment of the value of his music in Prague. Characterizations of Zelenka in contemporary literature, and particularly in a book apparently intended for children by Zdeněk Gintl, published in Prague in 1946 (ten years after the author had died), show that Zelenka's identity had been reconstructed such that it could embody Czech frustrations towards the German influence over Czech culture and affairs. This article examines Gintl's representation of Zelenka as a sorrowful and frustrated man, diligently working in exile at the Catholic court church of Dresden, with a deep longing in his heart to return to his Bohemian homeland, which had been depleted by centuries of Habsburg oppression. Furthermore, it explores how, in accordance with early twentieth-century Czech nationalist interpretations of Czech music history, Gintl represents Zelenka's compositional practice as having been not in the service of religion but, rather, as a revolutionary activity whose aim was to preserve the continuity of Czech national culture, despite the fact Zelenka was a Catholic whose music was almost exclusively intended for the liturgy. Accordingly, Gintl elevates the status of certain works in Zelenka's output—namely, his melodrama Sub olea pacis (ZWV 175), his only Czech-texted motet Chvalte Boha silného (ZWV 165), and his instrumental music—as other Prague writers had also done. However, further investigation is needed since this reconfiguration of the hierarchy of value in Zelenka's oeuvre was inherently fraught, and it is likely to have had meaningful implications for Zelenka reception in the highly atheistic societies of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the secular and ecclesiastical justice in Late Anglo-Saxon England, highlighting the understanding homilist and legislator Wulfstan, archbishop of York. Topics include objectives behind judicial punishment, secular and ecclesiastical justice and episcopal participation in lawmaking.

The paper is founded on an analysis of intensity and pattern of witch trials in Ireland and their comparison to those in the rest of the known world, primarily neighboring Scotland and England. Analysed within this paper are also the problematics of terminology and difference between witch-hunts and witch trials, the nature of the existing historical records and the time distance between them and the events to which they relate. Particularly important turn of events was the transfer of control of witch trials from the ecclesiastical to the secular courts. Ireland's case is not an isolated one, because prosecution of witchcraft should not be explained by a single but instead by a multitude of factors a combination of which led to an escalation throughout Europe. The particularity of Ireland does not end with the number of recorded trials nor their aftermath, or with the characteristics of legislation, with the application of torture and cultural differences in understanding witchcraft in various parts of Europe, but is also recognized in nationality, religion, gender and class of the prosecuted individuals and absence of propaganda materials. The paper regards the relevance of political contexts and the assumed geographical peripherality of Ireland as limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of all original furnishings or decoration and the relentless refashioning of interiors have eroded our ability to appreciate how extant houses functioned as living spaces in the later Middle Ages. This paper uses a variety of documentary sources, notably York's rich collection of probate inventories, to provide evidence on the division and furnishing of buildings. Depositions from cases within the ecclesiastical court of York ask questions about the way that particular artisanal and mercantile houses functioned both as residences and as places of work. Taking the author's 2008 study in Medieval Domesticity a step further, the paper will consider in more depth the notion that a distinctive bourgeois ideology of domesticity, which was projected through material culture, grew up in the later medieval city. It will, moreover, ask how far later medieval artisanal or mercantile houses constituted homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word "interest" was defined by the Latin word usura from Classical Times. Even canon law, which rejected the charging of interest on the basis of the arguments of moral-legal rules contained in the writings of the Old and New Testament and their interpretations in the works of the Church Fathers, used this substantive from the beginning. In this account usura, in the sense of taking more than was initially lent when applying the institution of a loan, was forbidden. This was the reason for criticizing and blaming the Catholic Church for its reaction and for slowing down economic development, namely not only on the part of economic theorists. Several researchers state, however, that this prohibition was not consistently enforced by the ecclesiastical courts, discussing actually a dead letter in this case. The main goal of this article is to point out the enforcement of the prohibition of the charging of interest by means of rules of Medieval canon law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of church courts in Europe is a research field from which historians harvest rich perspectives and possibilities. In Belgium and the Netherlands, thanks to the efforts of archivists, new catalogues of early modern church court documents have recently been published, and the path to further research is now opened up. This article intends to provide a general view of the courts' activities in the church province of Mechelen through quantitative analyses, using registers of sentences. The volume of the cases brought before them, the proportion of office and instance cases, and the profiles of parties are examined. The analysis confirms the general declining trend in the courts' activity, and this decline seems to have had more to do with the decline in office matters. It is also confirmed that the majority of the parties were women, which provides a good chance to exploit these records for studies in women's history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ways in which members of certain professions (ministers, for example) can serve Christ in the workplace are self-evident. For the Christian corporate lawyer, integrating faith and work may require more conscious effort, but is no less possible. This article begins to explore the ways in which a Christian can serve Christ in the corporate law arena. Corporate law's religious foundations are well-documented, ranging from the biblical principles that underlie equity and fiduciary duties, to the Court of Chancery's ecclesiastical roots. Further, corporate law, despite popular belief, advances key Christian objectives, including through raising society's collective wealth and by policing corporate fiduciaries. The Christian corporate lawyer needs to take these doctrinal foundations and the benefits corporate law offers and reinject a Christian presence into the practice of corporate law. That is, Christian corporate lawyers can and must integrate their faith and their work. They can do this by, for example, acting as a peacemaker and gatekeeper instead of a "hired gun, " and counseling their clients as Jesus counseled His followers. And once Christ is brought into corporate law practice, both attorney and client benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]