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Teaching and understanding evolution is challenging because students must synthesize several biological processes that are traditionally taught separately. We developed a set of free online lessons and activities centered on a single evolutionary phenomenon - why deer mice have different fur colors in different subpopulations - to help high school students better understand how these different biological processes, operating at different scales, work together to influence a single organismal trait. Through scaffolded investigations, guiding questions, model building, and pointed analysis, students learn how ecology, cellular biology, molecular biology, genetic inheritance, and population genetics all work together to influence a shift in fur color over time. Using an innovative multilevel simulation, students manipulate and examine these different processes from the population level all the way down to the DNA level. In this article, we describe the lessons and materials we have developed for high school biology students. We outline the learning goals and highlight the major components of the technology and activities in each lesson. We then provide information on how to access our curricular and support materials, and conclude with user feedback from our pilot testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'auteure doute que la 3e vague feministe soit une vague et relive quelques uns des problemes de ce mouvement tres actuel. En particulier, elle critique l'individualisme present dans quelques elements [...]

Digital technologies offer researchers new approaches to test personalized and adaptive health interventions tailored to an individual. Yet, research leveraging technologies to capture personal health data involve technical and ethical consideration during the study design phase. No guidance exists to facilitate responsible digital technology selection for research purposes. A stakeholder-engaged and iterative approach was used to develop, test, and refine a checklist designed to aid researchers in selecting technologies for their research. First, stakeholders (n = 7) discussed and informed key decision-making domains to guide app/device selection derived from the American Psychiatric Association's framework that included safety, evidence, usability, and interoperability. We added "ethical principles" to the APA's hierarchical model and created a checklist that was used by a small group of behavioral scientists (n = 7). Findings revealed the "ethical principles" domains of respect, beneficence, and justice cut across each decision-making domains and the checklist questions/prompts were revised accordingly and can be found at thecore.ucsd.edu. The refined checklist contains four decision-making domains with prompts/questions and ethical principles embedded within the domains of privacy, risk/benefit, data management, and access/evidence. This checklist is the first step in leading the narrative of decision-making when selecting digital health technologies for research. Given the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of digital health technology use in research, this tool will need to be further evaluated for usefulness in technology selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Medication nonadherence is a significant and multidimensional problem contributing to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Inconveniences in pharmacy and home contexts may increase nonadherence. This research examined inconveniences in pharmacy and home contexts associated with self-reported nonadherence, controlling for demographic and medication-taking covariates. Methods: Data from 4682 individuals who reported self-managing medications in an online marketing survey between October and December 2017 were analyzed in this secondary analysis. Nonadherence was dichotomized using a single question about likelihood to take medications as prescribed (adherence=always; nonadherence=most of the time, some of the time, never). Multivariable logistic regression with backwards elimination was used to examine the pharmacy (use of home delivery, number prescriptions picked up and visits to pharmacy) and home context (method used to organize/manage medications, satisfaction, and bother with management) variables and the demographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, insurance) and medication (number of oral medications, medication changes and frequency of taking) covariates associated with nonadherence. Results: Overall, 25.8% of the responses indicated nonadherence. Nonadherence was more likely for individuals making fewer separate pharmacy trips (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97– 0.99); picking up fewer prescriptions (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93– 0.99); never, rarely or sometimes using mail order compared with always (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.30– 2.26); not satisfied with managing medications (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.42– 3.19); and using pill pouches and being bothered by them (OR 8.28; 95% CI 1.83– 37.31). Using pill pouches or a pillbox and not being bothered by them significantly decreased nonadherence likelihood. Younger and female respondents and those reporting medication changes in the last year were also more likely to report nonadherence. Conclusion: Though reasons for nonadherence are multidimensional, this study suggests that inconveniences in both the pharmacy and home context are important. Improving adherence requires addressing issues of inconvenience across the care continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigated the effects of knowledge of current pay levels and perceived job gender on subsequent job evaluations. Confirmed the hypothesis that jobs with high pay levels would receive higher evaluations than jobs with low pay levels. Found evidence of a pro-female bias in the job evaluation ratings of 53 job evaluators. (Author/ABB)

Reviews evidence of sex bias in job evaluation judgments and analyzes research methods used to study the issue. Explores the following types of bias: (1) direct; (2) indirect; and (3) sex of rater. Findings indicate evidence of indirect bias, showing that high paying jobs tend to be evaluated higher than those with low pay. (JS)

The purpose of this review was to systematically review the published research on the effect of self-compassion interventions on health behaviors. A self-regulation intervention was defined as participants engaged in goal-setting behavior, goal-directed behavior, monitoring, and/or adjusting health behavior. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. Self-compassion interventions were just as effective as other behavior change techniques at improving self-regulation of health behavior. The review discusses sample characteristics, study design, health behavior measures, self-compassion intervention implementation, and the theoretical frameworks of the studies, along with limitations of the research and suggestions for future researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is widespread scientific agreement that bees are in global decline of health and/or population due to multiple factors, including loss of habitat, lack of wildflowers, and pesticides. Throughout Europe and North America, a debate has been raging about the effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on bees and other pollinators. This debate not only involves farmers, beekeepers, agrochemical corporations, and government officials but it also has captured the imagination of everyday people who are concerned with the plight of pollinators. This has led to a growing demand that neonicotinoid pesticides be banned or restricted. In 2015 Ontario, the largest province in Canada put in place a partial ban on this class of pesticides. In this paper, I will argue that agrochemical corporations intervened in multiple ways in the debate about neonicotinoid pesticides in Ontario, potentially weakening the legislation. Agrochemical corporations were heavily represented in the Ontario Bee Health Working Group and were consulted by government ministries throughout the process. Industry groups also worked with large farmers' organizations to shape the narrative about the impact of a neonicotinoid ban on farmers. While the agrochemical industry has considerable power and influence, there exists some hopeful possibilities for an agroecological counter-narrative that posits small-scale farmers as stewards of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although physical activity interventions have been shown to effectively modify behavior, little research has examined the potential of these interventions for adoption in real-world settings. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the external validity of 57 theory-based physical activity interventions using the RE-AIM framework. The physical activity interventions included were more likely to report on issues of internal, rather than external validity and on individual, rather than organizational components of the RE-AIM framework, making the translation of many interventions into practice difficult. Furthermore, most studies included motivated, healthy participants, thus reducing the generalizability of the interventions to real-world settings that provide services to more diverse populations. To determine if a given intervention is feasible and effective in translational research, more information should be reported about the factors that affect external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although physical activity interventions have been shown to effectively modify behavior, little research has examined the potential of these interventions for adoption in real-world settings. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the external validity of 57 theory-based physical activity interventions using the RE-AIM framework. The physical activity interventions included were more likely to report on issues of internal, rather than external validity and on individual, rather than organizational components of the RE-AIM framework, making the translation of many interventions into practice difficult. Furthermore, most studies included motivated, healthy participants, thus reducing the generalizability of the interventions to real-world settings that provide services to more diverse populations. To determine if a given intervention is feasible and effective in translational research, more information should be reported about the factors that affect external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's purpose was to identify the mediating role of intention and the stages of change (SOC) in physical activity (PA) over a 6-month period using two models (theory of planned behavior [TPB] and TPB/SOC). Participants were 143 adults with physical disabilities (70.68% response rate; M age = 46.03). The TPB constructs, SOC (time 1), and PA (time 2) were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires. Based on path analyses, attitude had the highest effect on intention and SOC followed by perceived behavioral control within both well-fit models. The variance in PA explained by the first (TPB) and second (TPB/SOC) models was 16% and 28% respectively. In the just identified model of TPB/SOC, the direct effect of SOC on physical activity remained strong (gamma(soc.pa) = .45) and SOC approached full mediation through attitude. Health promotion interventions need to include both intention and behavior elements (SOC) reinforcing increased PA value and barrier elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]