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Recent scholarships in public administration and legal studies have agreed on the role of public information disclosure as a necessary requirement in eradicating corruption. Moreover, it is evident that accessibility of public information to the citizen helps to improve governance reform and policy making. In that situation, the citizen is involved in the participatory process and subsequently tightens public oversight to the government. Nevertheless, the literature might only be valid in relatively homogenous societies or in countries successfully achieving their development goals. This article seeks to confront this scholarship to the prevalence of a country experiencing ongoing construction of administrative law framework amidst discrepancies of development progress across regions. Three provinces in Indonesia are chosen to explain this matter by identifying relevant actors and mapping their understanding about public information disclosure against corruption. We employ qualitative research by process-tracing methods to identify causal mechanisms over multiple determining factors affecting the understanding. Data is inquired through in-depth interviews and analyses of open, accessible electronic data. Our recent work progress suggests that impediments to undertake public information disclosure against corruption come from very basic situations, including a sort of misunderstanding of predefined terminology between disclosed or classified information to the public and over-reliance on prevailing laws related to the issue without any improvements of the regulatory framework or policy instruments.

This systematic review provides an examination of the quality, efficacy, and common features of oral narrative interventions on the narratives of children with language disorder. Searches of electronic data bases, ancestral searches and database alerts identified studies that addressed oral narrative intervention in children with language disorder. Structured inclusion procedures were used to select and examine the quality, efficacy and common features of the included studies. Twenty-four research articles published between 1993 and 2018 were included for review. Apart from measures of social validity, the single case research studies were generally of good quality and results can be interpreted with confidence. The group studies were generally of low quality and only four included comparison groups. Single case effects sizes for macrostructure were moderate with lower effect sizes for microstructure. The results for group studies were variable. Successful interventions included the use of icons, visuals, clinician modelling and the participants being provided with an opportunity to state an entire narrative each intervention session. Oral narrative intervention to develop the narratives of children with language disorder may be effective. Areas for future research were identified and include more robust research designs, intervention being delivered to participants in groups, conducting intervention with participants with more significant disabilities, more research conducted with personal narrative, and including more generalization measures.

Background The existing literature does not provide a prediction model for mortality of all colorectal cancer patients using contemporary national hospital data. We developed and validated such a model to predict colorectal cancer death within 90, 180 and 365 days after diagnosis. Methods Cohort study using linked national cancer and death records. The development population included 27,480 patients diagnosed in England in 2015. The test populations were diagnosed in England in 2016 (n = 26,411) and Wales in 2015–2016 (n = 3814). Predictors were age, gender, socioeconomic status, referral source, performance status, tumour site, TNM stage and treatment intent. Cox regression models were assessed using Brier scores, c-indices and calibration plots. Results In the development population, 7.4, 11.7 and 17.9% of patients died from colorectal cancer within 90, 180 and 365 days after diagnosis. T4 versus T1 tumour stage had the largest adjusted association with the outcome (HR 4.67; 95% CI: 3.59–6.09). C-indices were 0.873–0.890 (England) and 0.856–0.873 (Wales) in the test populations, indicating excellent separation of predicted risks by outcome status. Models were generally well calibrated. Conclusions The model was valid for predicting short-term colorectal cancer mortality. It can provide personalised information to support clinical practice and research.

The personal legacy created throughout a person’s lifetime is increasingly dependent on the lifespan and reliability of computers and electronic data storage. This runs the risk that personal legacies stored electronically and often at web addresses unknown to successors may be less complete compared to legacies from the era of analogue data carriers. Dozens of online services have been launched over the past decade to address this problem, but many of them have been discontinued or are not reliable enough to entrust with important data. This article offers a critical review of already existing research on digital legacy preservation and an overview of the available tools and resources to demonstrate that libraries do not yet play an active role in preserving digital legacies, despite the fact that this could not only enhance the sustainability and reliability of preservation, but also be a marketable library service. With this article, the authors would like to draw attention to this service, which is still considered atypical today; provide an objective description of the current situation; and propose a preliminary model for developing such a service in order to set the stage for future research.

Objective: There are as yet no effective strategies to treat the novel COVID-19 and to stem its symptoms, including ARDS. This review examines recent research studies in humans to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be used effectively and safely to target potentially deadly lung damage that may follow infection. Methods: A literature search was conducted to find published manuscripts on the treatment of ARDS and COVID-19 symptoms, disease presentation, and available treatment regimens. Electronic data bases of scientific articles and records of printed documents of JAMA journals were searched to find research publications on MSC treatment of ARDS and COVID-19. Outcome variables included mortality over varying time periods, hospital days, days on ventilator, and biological factors. Results: Two randomized double-blind clinical trials, 2 pilot studies, and 2 case reports described MSC use to treat ARDS with specific focus on COVID-19 and lung symptoms of cytokine storm. The MSCs were well-tolerated across studies. No significant differences in treatment outcome were found in randomized double-blind trials; however, results of 1 pilot study and 1 case report showed that MSCs led to lung symptom resolution and survival in severely ill treatment patients. Conclusions: There is little published research on disease and survival outcomes among patients suffering severe lung disease associated with ARDS and COVID-19, and studies available are limited by lack of consistency in design and numerous flaws and limitations. Comparisons across studies are difficult. Nevertheless, it is documented that 8 ARDS patients with COVID-19 experienced symptom recovery and survival subsequent to MSC administration. MSCs are potentially life-saving treatment approaches for some patients who exhibit severe lung distress and have not responded to standard treatments. This is an obviously exciting research and treatment option for COVID-19 and other life-threatening diseases. Key words: stem cells-ARDS-mesenchymal stem cells-stem cell therapy-COVID-19

Recent reforms in the reporting and monitoring process, in particular enabled by advances in digital technology, have made three main contributions to the European Commission's capacity to monitor member states' compliance with EU environmental law. First, quicker access to data has been achieved by increased levels of publicly available electronic data, data processing by the European Environmental Agency, and data harvesting at EU level. Second, comparability of data has been improved by a change to indicator reporting from textual‐based reporting. Finally, improved data from the EU's Earth observation programme, Copernicus, allows better real‐time access to data and double‐check the information provided by the member states. These findings suggest that the digital transformation opens new opportunities for strengthening the Commission's role as enforcer of EU law. However, the improvements in the Commission's monitoring capacity are recent, and quicker access to better data is only one among a number of factors influencing its monitoring capacity.

Filum terminale lipomas (FTL) represent a sub-type of spinal lipomas, where there is fatty infiltration of the filum. It becomes a surgical entity when it manifests as clinical or radiological tethered cord syndrome. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been suggested as a valuable tool in children for tethered cord surgeries. FTL is distinct and cannot be compared with complex tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Untethering an FTL is a relatively straightforward microsurgical exercise, usually based on anatomical findings. Neurological morbidity in FTL untethering is extremely low. The necessity of IONM in FTL has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to identify the role of IONM in untethering an FTL Available electronic data and case files were interrogated to identify children (0–18 years) who underwent an untethering of FTL between 2008 and 2019. We had a shift in our policy and tried to use IONM as often as possible in all tethered cord surgery from 2014. All children were categorised under ‘IONM implemented’ or ‘no IONM’ group. Outcomes analysed were as follows: (1) Clinical status on short-term and long-term follow-up, (2) alteration of surgical course by IONM and (3) complications specifically associated with IONM Among 80 children included in this study, IONM was implemented in 37 children and 43 children underwent untethering without IONM. 32.5% of children were ‘syndromic’. Seventy-five percent of children were under age 3 years during surgery. Both groups (No IONM vs. IONM implemented) were well matched in most variables. Majority of ‘no IONM’ surgeries were performed prior to 2014. There was no neurological morbidity in the entire cohort. Mean duration of follow-up was 49.10 (± 33.67) months. Short-term and long-term clinical status remained stable in both cohorts. In 16 children, the filum was stimulated. Based on our protocol, majority had a negative response. One child showed a positive response, contradicted by thorough microscopic inspection. Despite a positive response, the filum was untethered. IONM was not associated with any complication in this study. FTL untethering is an inherently low-risk microsurgery in experienced hands with rarely reported neurological morbidity. IONM may not be required for all FTL and may be used more judiciously.

Dairy cows are often diagnosed with fever without showing clinical symptoms of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in feeding, social, and lying behaviors of cows with fever but without clinical disease, as compared with healthy cows. After parturition, dairy cows of mixed parities were housed in a dynamic group of 20. In the freestall pen, cows had access to 12 electronic feed bins, 2 electronic water bins, and 24 lying stalls. Feeding and social behaviors were recorded using the electronic feed bins, and lying behaviors were measured using electronic data loggers attached to the cow. Rectal body temperature was assessed on a daily basis, and fever defined as a body temperature >39.5°C. All cows were examined for metritis every third day after calving, and all other diseases (e.g., mastitis, ketosis) were diagnosed as per farm protocol. Cows with multiple days of fever (n = 8) and cows with 1 d of fever (n = 18) that were not diagnosed with a clinical disease were compared with a matched sample of healthy cows (i.e., cows that were not clinically ill and never had a fever recorded) of the same parity (categorized as primiparous vs. multiparous). Feeding, social, and lying behaviors were compared for the first 2 d of fever in cows with multiple days of fever, and the day of fever in cows with 1 d of fever. Cows of both fever groups spent less time feeding compared with controls (135 vs. 181 ± 7.6 min/d for multiple fever days, and 158 vs. 185 ± 9.7 min/d for 1 d of fever). Cows with 1 d of fever ate at a faster rate (109 vs. 91 ± 5 g/min) and had a lower number of replacements at the feed bunk (actor replacements: 9.7 vs. 14.6 ± 1.7 no./d; reactor replacements: 11.1 vs. 15.9 ± 1.6 no./d) compared with healthy controls. Overall, cows with fever showed behavioral changes such as decreased feeding time that are consistent with sickness responses described in other species.

To evaluate comparative outcomes of incision and drainage of cutaneous abscess with and without packing of the abscess cavity. A systematic search of multiple electronic data sources was conducted, and all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing incision and drainage of cutaneous abscess with and without packing were included. Abscess recurrence at maximum follow-up period, need for second intervention, and development of fistula in-ano were the evaluated outcome parameters for the meta-analysis A Trial Sequential Analysis was conducted to determine the robustness of the findings. Eight RCTs reporting a total number of 485 patients who underwent incision and drainage of cutaneous abscess with (n = 243) or without (n = 242) packing of the abscess cavity were included. There was no significant difference in the risk of recurrence (risk ratio (RR) 1.31, P = 0.56), fistula-in-ano (RR 0.63, P = 0.28), and need for second intervention (RR 0.70, P = 0.05) between two groups. The results remained unchanged on sub-group analyses for ano-rectal abscess, paediatric patients, adult patients, and the use of antibiotics. The Trial Sequential Analysis demonstrated that the meta-analysis was not conclusive, and the results for recurrence were subject to type 2 error. Incision and drainage of cutaneous abscess with or without packing have comparable outcomes. However, considering the cost and post-operative pain associated with packing, performing the procedure without packing of the abscess cavity may be more favourable. The findings of the better quality ongoing RCTs may provide stronger evidence in favour of packing or non-packing.

Balancing priorities of production speed and conformance quality is an ongoing challenge in production and operations management. Organizations may emphasize these priorities through various forms of performance feedback. However, the impacts of using feedback to emphasize speed, quality, and quantity remain unclear in production settings. This study employs controlled laboratory experiments to examine the impact of real‐time feedback on production quantities, first time yield percentages, and rework percentages. Drawing on concepts from speed‐accuracy tradeoffs, we study four types of feedback: speed, accuracy, joint speed and accuracy, and yields. Laboratory activities focus on the repetitive task of converting paper‐based medical records to electronic data formats. These tasks are critical inputs to data analytics and are similar in nature to simple independent manufacturing and service tasks. We study feedback effects in a setting critical to practice but rarely studied in research, where workers are incentivized for both speed and quality as they perform production tasks that explicitly allow rework. The results show that production yields worsen under speed feedback but improve under each form of quality‐containing feedback. Results also show that each form of quality‐containing feedback increases the proportion of correctly reworked to produced errors through different mechanisms of increased error fixing, decreased error production, or both.

Objective Among National Institutes of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs, adoption of electronic data warehouses for research (EDW4R) containing data from electronic health record systems is nearly ubiquitous. Although benefits of EDW4R include more effective, efficient support of scientists, little is known about how CTSA hubs have implemented EDW4R services. The goal of this qualitative study was to understand the ways in which CTSA hubs have operationalized EDW4R to support clinical and translational researchers. Materials and Methods After conducting semistructured interviews with informatics leaders from 20 CTSA hubs, we performed a directed content analysis of interview notes informed by naturalistic inquiry. Results We identified 12 themes: organization and data; oversight and governance; data access request process; data access modalities; data access for users with different skill sets; engagement, communication, and literacy; service management coordinated with enterprise information technology; service management coordinated within a CTSA hub; service management coordinated between informatics and biostatistics; funding approaches; performance metrics; and future trends and current technology challenges. Discussion This study is a step in developing an improved understanding and creating a common vocabulary about EDW4R operations across institutions. Findings indicate an opportunity for establishing best practices for EDW4R operations in academic medicine. Such guidance could reduce the costs associated with developing an EDW4R by establishing a clear roadmap and maturity path for institutions to follow. Conclusions CTSA hubs described varying approaches to EDW4R operations that may assist other institutions in better serving investigators with electronic patient data.

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) doped nanocellulose thin films were successfully deposited on glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates from an aqueous electrolyte bath containing hydrated cadmium sulfate (3CdSO4·8H2O) and tellurium dioxide using electrodeposition technique. Six samples of CdTe thin films were grown with nanocellulose concentrations of (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) ppm. The results obtained from electronic data of the deposited layers using UV–Vis spectrophotometer agree favourably with the theoretical formulation. The bandgap of the films ranges from 1.32 to 1.67 eV. The lowest bandgap of CdTe (1.32 eV) was achieved at a concentration of 9 ppm. This relatively low energy bandgap is remarkable in recent formation of CdTe. Photoelectrochemical cell measurement shows that the electrical conductivity type of undoped CdTe is n-type while the nanocellulose doped CdTe is p-type in electrical conduction. Hence, it is possible to effectively tune the conductive properties of CdTe by careful addition of nanocellulose concentration.

Introduction: Pregnancies by anemia, if not handled seriously be able to cause a high degree of caused the birth low weight of baby even till maternal mortality. Kelor leaves containing nutrients such as macro, carbohydrates, proteins and micronutrient (vitamin E, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin C etc.) is needed especially by pregnant women. Methods: This research method is a literature review based on electronic data that is 5 pieces original research. Results and Discussion: Consumtion of Moringa oliefera leaves extracts or flour that is inserted into the capsules still have a useful efficacy to increase the haemoglobin levels of anemia in pregnant significantly, so also if they are consumed directly as vegetables. This is because they cointan iron, high vitamin C so that it can help to increase the heme as a booster of haemoglobin in the blood.. Conclusion: Giving Moringa oliefera leaves to pregnancy as a processed food or vegetable helps to increase the haemoglobin, therefore advised introducing to public to consume them, especially for pregnancies as supplements besides Fe tablets.

Purpose Telechaplaincy (the use of telecommunications and virtual technology to deliver spiritual and religious care by healthcare chaplains or other religious/spiritual leaders) is a relatively novel intervention that has increasingly been used in recent years, and especially during COVID-19. Telephone-based chaplaincy is one mode of telechaplaincy. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe telephone-based chaplaincy interventions delivered as the first point of contact to patients who screen positive for religious/spiritual concern(s) using an electronic data system, and (2) assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering interventions in an outpatient cancer institute using this methodology. Methods Patients were screened for religious and spiritual (R/S) concern(s) using an electronic data system. Patients indicating R/S concern(s) were offered a telephone-based chaplaincy intervention and asked to complete a survey assessing acceptability of the intervention. Feasibility and acceptability data were collected. Results Thirty percent of screened patients indicated R/S concern(s). Telephone-based chaplaincy interventions were offered to 100% of eligible patients, establishing contact with 61% of eligible patients, and offering chaplaincy interventions to 48% of those patients. Survey participants report high acceptability of the offered intervention. Conclusion This is the first study examining feasibility and acceptability of telephone-based chaplaincy with oncology patients. Telephone-based chaplaincy is feasible and acceptable within an outpatient oncology setting, supporting the promise of this interventional strategy. Further research is needed to refine practices.

Genetics information includes private databases of human genes or the results of the genetic researchers. Such information shall be protected to avoid hacking and unauthorized entry. The owner samples and his personal information might be threatened when someone hacked and disclosed his information. Accordingly, Egypt issued a new Law No.175 of the year 2018 concerning Anti-cyber and Information Technology Crimes law. Such Law consists of four Parts, the first part consists of general provisions, the second one is provisions and the rules of procedures, the third part is crimes and penalties and the last one is concluding provisions. Hacking the personal information and databases are one of the crimes stated by the law. The abovementioned law defined Electronic data and information, and personal data as follows: 1. Electronic data and information: Everything that can be created, stored, processed, synthesized, transmitted, shared or copied by IT, such as numbers, codes, cyphers, letters, symbols, signs, images, sounds, etc. 2. Personal data: Any data relating to an identified or identifiable natural person, directly or indirectly by linking them to other data. In addition, Article 17 of the law Anti-cyber and Information Technology Crimes states that. “Anyone who damages, disables or modifies a route or cancels, in whole or in part, intentionally and unlawfully, the programs, data or information stored, processed, generated or synthesized on any information system and the like, regardless of the means used in the crime, shall be punished by imprisonment for a period of not less than two years and a fine not less than one hundred thousand pounds and not exceeding five hundred thousand pounds or either of those two penalties.”

PANDI (Indonesian Internet Domain Manager) Special authority is given to manage Indonesian domain names on the basis of law and their authority is stipulated in Law No. 23 of 2013 concerning Domain Name Management. PANDI's failure has been considered since the domain dispute between (bmw.co.id) and (bmw.id). There is no synchronization between domian (.co.id and .id) under the authority of PANDI. This research uses descriptive qualitative method.Qualitative method is a research method which in nature provides an explanation using analysis. In practice, this method is subjective in that the research process is more visible and tends to focus more on the theoretical foundation, with research methods aimed at explaining an event that is happening now and in the past. Domain is, the address on the internet that contains electronic data information, which can be accessed anywhere with an internet network on the website, the domain is needed to accelerate the development of information and communication and also in material and non-material transactions, there are many things that must be addressed regarding supervision Several Indone domains between: There is a need for firmer supervision by PANDI in terms of synchronization between dominance (.co.id) and (.id). There needs to be a synchronization between Government Regulation on Communication andInformation number 23 of 2013 concerning the management of Indonesian domain names, with law no. 20 of 2016 on Trademarks and Act No. 19 of 2016 amending the Law No. 11 of 2018 on Information and Electronic Transactions There needs to be a revision of Law No. 23 of 2013 concerning Management of the name Domaian Indonesia. The need for new legal policies that can provide a deterrent effect on crime in the field of cyber-specific domains. To avoid the many problems that will arise in the future about the Indonesian Domain some of the above need to be executed more quickly.

Purpose In the spirit of overcoming the signal-to-noise limitations of active matrix, flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) which employ array circuits based on a-Si:H thin-film transistors (TFTs), an empirical investigation of the noise properties of prototype active pixel arrays based on polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) TFTs is reported. Like a-Si:H, poly-Si supports fabrication of large area, monolithic x-ray imaging arrays and offers good radiation damage resistance, while providing electron and hole mobility orders of magnitude higher. Compared to pixel circuits typically consisting of a single addressing switch in an AMFPI array, the pixel circuit of an active pixel array includes an amplifier that magnifies the imaging signal prior to readout by external acquisition electronics. Also, while readout erases signal stored in the pixels for AMFPI arrays, active pixel arrays allow multiple nondestructive readout, which can be used to reduce noise. The prototype arrays investigated in this paper were developed to explore the effect of variation in amplifier design on noise. Methods A pair of prototype arrays incorporating single-stage and two-stage poly-Si pixel amplifiers were examined. The arrays incorporate various amplifier designs in which dimensions of some of the three (or four) poly-Si TFTs per pixel circuit for the single-stage array, and some of the five poly-Si TFTs for the two-stage array, were varied. The arrays were operated using a recently developed electronic data acquisition system that allows variation of operational conditions such as voltages and timing of control signals. The arrays were operated in the absence of radiation in various correlated multiple sampling modes, with and without the injection of charge directly into the pixel circuits for measurements of in-pixel gain and pixel noise. Pixel noise, referred back to the input of the pixel amplifier, was compared to predictions generated by a sophisticated circuit simulation model. Results Across the various pixel circuit designs, the median in-pixel gain for the single-stage and two-stage arrays was measured to be ×9.3 and ×25, respectively. These gain levels were sufficient to reduce the contribution of external noise, defined as the electronic additive noise in the absence of noise contributions from circuitry in the pixel and referred back to the input of the pixel amplifier, to less than 340 e. As a result, median pixel noise results as low as ~695 e and 866 e, acquired using eight samples, were observed from the best-performing single-stage and two-stage designs, respectively. While the magnitude of pixel noise predicted by simulation was lower than the measured results, there was generally good agreement between simulation and measurement for the functional dependence of noise on operating voltages, timing, and sampling mode. Conclusions The single-stage and two-stage arrays examined in this study demonstrated pixel noise well below that typically demonstrated by AMFPIs. Through proper design, it should be possible to maintain the noise levels observed in this study irrespective of the size and pitch of an active pixel array. Further reduction in pixel noise may be possible through more optimized pixel circuit design, faster readout, or improvements in fabrication.

Preceeding from scientific research publications and empiric material the article demonstrates current nature of the term ‘academic virtue/dishonesty’ and describes debatable issues of the studied problem. The names of several types of plagiarism have been specified; the following practical examples and elimination methods of the mistakes have been provided: direct plagiarism, quotation set, citation by citation, incorrect translation. The article proves that they are the education applicants and researchers who use plagiarism, because during their first years of studying the demanding professors didn’t tolerate their academic virtue norms violation. The author recommends education applicants teaching of the fundamentals of academic ethics and the technologies of scientific works performance. The researchers’ recommendations on the elimination methods of academic dishonesty have been summarized. Psychological reasons for academic virtue violation have also been described: envy of their colleagues scientific achievements; fear of scientific task nonfulfillment; inferiority complex, complexes of diffidence and discouragement; laziness and using of easy ways for work performance; social ‘fashion’ for the behavior like easy performance of any work, etc.The article shows debatable issues of self-plagiarism context as academic virtue unconscious violation via publishing of thesis results in paraphrased articles, etc. The basic nature of direct ‘academic theft’ – publishing of other’s ideas up to the moment of their publishing by the author – has been identified. Securing methods against direct ‘academic theft’ via following ‘research and authorial secure’ have been specified. Elimination methods against specific types of plagiarism have been also outlined; they are to be performed via uniform electronic data base designing on thesis themes confirmation by Academic boards of institutions of high education and scientific institutions. They are aimed at monitoring of present scientific and pedagogical researches tendencies and securing against their copying. The article indicates the importance of legal principles and efficacy of punishment mechanisms for academic dishonesty. The author also stresses on securing against unjust punishment via control of scientific violation reliability that consists of several stages, etc.

Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) represent a prominent and growing form of elder abuse intervention in communities across the U.S. and around the world. Despite the proliferation and promise of MDTs as a model of elder abuse intervention, the field lacks infrastructure, including a standardized data collection strategy, to facilitate a coordinated and informed MDT effort. This commentary presents an exploratory study, which sought to examine existing strategies of case-level electronic data collection implemented by MDTs across the U.S. Using a snowball sampling strategy, we identified 11 MDTs using an electronic data collection strategy. Our analysis found a tremendous range in both the extent and nature of data collection across MDTs, yet it identified common domains of data. A standardized MDT data collection strategy would benefit several MDT stakeholders, including coordinators tracking everyday operations, funders requiring reporting, and researchers conducting large-scale comparative research to identify best MDT practices.

Using a direct measure of investor attention generated from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) log files, the authors revisit the st...

Text classification (TC) is very important and critical task in the 21th century as there exist high volume of electronic data on the Internet. In TC, textual data are characterised by a huge number of highly sparse features/terms. A typical TC consists of many steps and one of the most important steps is undoubtedly feature selection (FS). In this study, we have comprehensively investigated the effects of various globalisation techniques on local feature selection (LFS) methods using datasets with different characteristics such as multi-class unbalanced (MCU), multi-class balanced (MCB), binary-class unbalanced (BCU) and binary-class balanced (BCB). The globalisation techniques used in this study are summation (SUM), weighted-sum (AVG), and maximum (MAX). To investigate the effect of globalisation techniques, we used three LFS methods named as Discriminative Feature Selection (DFSS), odds ratio (OR) and chi-square (CHI2). In the experiments, we have utilised four different benchmark datasets named as Reuters-21578, 20Newsgroup., Enron1, and Polarity in addition to Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers. According to the experimental results, the most successful globalisation technique is AVG while all situations are taken into account. The experimental results indicate that DFSS method is more successful than OR and CHI2 methods on datasets with MCU and MCB characteristics. However, CHI2 method seems more accurate than OR and DFSS methods on datasets with BCU and BCB characteristics. Also, SVM classifier performed better than DT classifier in most cases.

Background/Purpose: Effective symptom assessment and management for children with advanced cancer undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is critical to minimize suffering. The purpose of this subanalysis was to compare feasibility of electronic data collection data and symptom prevalence, frequency, severity, and distress from children with advanced cancer undergoing HSCT with a non-HSCT cohort. Method: An abbreviated Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was electronically administered every 2 weeks to children with advanced cancer. A subanalysis was conducted for the cohort of children who received autologous or allogeneic HSCT. Results: Forty-six participants completed 563 symptom assessments during the study. However, 11 of these 46 children received HSCT and completed 201 symptom assessments. The median age in the HSCT cohort was 12.7 years, 73% were female, and most children had a hematologic (45%) or solid tumor (45%) malignancy. Pain (35%), nausea (30%), sleeping difficulty (29%), and fatigue (22%) were the most commonly reported symptoms in children receiving HSCT. Children in the HSCT cohort had similar total, subscale, and individual symptom scores compared with children who did not receive HSCT. Certain domains of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, lack of appetite, and diarrhea) were higher for children receiving HSCT compared with children with advanced cancer not receiving HSCT ( p < .05). Conclusion: Elicitation of patient-reported symptom experiences using electronic methods improves nurses’ understanding of the symptom experience for children with advanced cancer undergoing HSCT and may promote timely assessment and treatment of distressing symptoms.

Data collection is essential to the practice of behavior analysis, but human error in collection can lead to inaccuracies. One variable demonstrated to increase inaccuracies in human collected data...

Electronic health records (EHRs) allow standardized data capture for robust quality and performance assessments, but data quality issues may exist. This study compared extracted structured EHR data with chart review from endocrinologists' health-care records at a large, academic ambulatory hospital in Toronto, Ontario.Consecutive chart review for the first 10 patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes seen between January 1, 2015 and March 1, 2016 was sampled for each of the 10 endocrinologists within the diabetes program, and electronic data extraction was also completed for a core set of structured diabetes care elements. Fisher exact test was used to determine differences in data availability between extracted EHR data and chart review.Out of 100 charts, there was significant under-representation of care elements using EHR extraction compared with chart review for glycated hemoglobin (45% vs 100%; p0.0001), low-density lipoprotein (36% vs 89%; p0.0001), urine albumin to creatinine ratio (38% vs 86%; p0.0001), insulin use (20% vs 72%; p0.0001), glomerular filtration rate (42% vs 87%, p0.0001) and use of oral hypoglycemic agent (14% vs 64%; p0.0001), respectively. EHR data extraction could not be obtained for driving status, hypoglycemia and driving counselling, smoking cessation counselling, family planning counselling and eye examination documentation.There is poor accuracy of using EHR data extraction during the early adoption phase to understand diabetes care, limiting EHR-based quality assessments.

Education is a process of inheriting life values ​​that serve as a guideline as well as a foundation for character development. Education must be a conscious and planned process and oriented to contextual life values. Living Values Education is one of the patterns education based on life values is deemed sufficiently relevant to Christian Education as a learning process about the living values of Christianity. The Bible explicitly records that the life, teachings and role model of the Lord Jesus have practiced the Living Values ​​Education as a pattern of education. This research was conducted using the Literature Review method , through literature obtained both manually and also through an electronic data base such as Google and Google Scholer . From the literature analysis conducted, this study found three principles as the basis for character development through The Christian Living Values ​​Education . First , the values ​​of human life with God. Second , the values ​​of human life with others. And third , the values ​​of human life by itself. All three values ​​of life have the same substance, namely: love with heart, soul and mind. The hope of this research is that Christian religious educators are held on the values of life centered on Christ.

The study is prepared to strengthen reserves of CBRT. For this purpose, a set of proposals, consisting of transferring Treasury’s share in profit to reserves and increasing Treasury’s share in CBRT, is developed. Effects of the proposals are analyzed by using data, which are gathered from electronic data distribution system and web site of CBRT, for the period of 2000-2018. According to analysis results, total additional reserves of USD 29.7 billion would be accumulated by applying the first proposal for the period. When taking into consideration that CBRT's net reserves is USD 30.2 billion as of 2019 March end, it turns out how effective this recommendation is. In addition to the first proposal, much more reserves would be accumulated faster by adopting the proposal with the increasing Treasury’s share in CBRT which is equal 55% currently. With the implementation of this proposal, the accumulation of reserves would reach to USD 45.8 billion for the period of 2000-2018. While CBRT reserves show a significant decline nowadays, the implementation of the proposals recommended in the study will contribute significantly to increase in CBRT reserves., Bu çalışma, TCMB rezervlerinin güçlendirilmesine yönelik hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, kardaki Hazine payının rezervlere aktarılması ve TCMB’deki Hazine’ye ait ortaklık payının artırılmasından oluşan bir öneri seti geliştirilmiştir. Söz konusu önerilerin etkileri TCMB’nin elektronik veri dağıtım sisteminden ve web sitesinden alınan 2000-2018 dönemine ilişkin veriler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ilk önerinin uygulanması ile birlikte söz konusu dönemde 29,7 milyar ABD Doları rezerv birikimi sağlanabilirdi. 2019 Mart sonu itibariyle TCMB net rezervlerinin 30,2 milyar ABD Doları olduğu dikkate alındığında, geliştirilen önerinin ne kadar etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Birinci öneriye ek olarak mevcut durumda %55 olan TCMB’deki Hazine ortaklık payının artırılması şeklindeki ikinci önerinin uygulanmasıyla daha hızlı rezerv birikimi sağlanabilecektir. Bu önerinin uygulanmasıyla birlikte 2000-2018 dönemi için biriktirilebilecek rezerv tutarı 45,8 milyar ABD Doları olarak hesaplanmaktadır. Günümüzde TCMB rezervleri önemli miktarda düşüş gösterirken, bu çalışmada sunulan önerilerin uygulanması TCMB rezervlerinin artırılmasına önemli miktarda katkı sağlayacaktır.

Translation practice, theorizing, as well as the long-held preoccupation with equivalence have all recently undergone cutting-edge changes by the development of corpus linguistics by the mid-nineties. Of course, corpus-based studies are not a novelty for translators; translators used to manually explore a parallel corpus (a ST and a TT) for documentation. Before the introduction of electronic data and software, translators had to extensively read through the texts in order to be able to extract any relevant information (O'Keeffe and McCarthy, 2010: 502). It was a tedious and tiring job even with relatively short stretches of texts.

Eilish McCann,1 Anita H Sung,1 Gang Ye,2 Latha Vankeepuram,2 Ying P Tabak2 1Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA; 2Digital Health, Medical Affairs, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USACorrespondence: Eilish McCannCenter for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USATel +1 732 594 7472Email eilish.mccann@merck.comPurpose: We explored patient- and hospital-level predictor variables for worse clinical and economic outcomes in carbapenem-nonsusceptible urinary tract infections (UTIs).Patients and Methods: We used electronic data (January 2013–September 2015; 78 US hospitals) from a large multicenter clinical database. Nonduplicate gram-negative isolates were considered carbapenem-nonsusceptible if they had resistant/intermediate susceptibility. Potential predictors of outcomes (mortality, 30-day readmissions, length of stay [LOS], hospital total cost, and net gain/loss per case) were examined using generalized linear mixed models. Significant predictors were identified based on statistical significance and model goodness-of-fit criteria.Results: A totalof 1439 carbapenem-nonsusceptible urine cases were identified. The mortality rate was 5.5%; the hospital readmission rate was 25.0%. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) LOS, total cost, and loss per case were 12 (14) days, $21,502 ($37,172), and $5828 ($26,540), respectively. Hospital-onset (vs community-onset) infection significantly impacted all outcomes: mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19– 4.11; P=.01), 30-day readmissions (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.49– 3.71; P 1 prior hospitalization for 30-day readmissions, high Acute Laboratory Risk of Mortality Score for mortality, LOS, cost, and hospital teaching status for cost.Conclusion: Hospital-onset infections, polymicrobial infections, higher clinical severity, and underlying diseases are key predictors for worsened overall burden of carbapenem-nonsusceptible gram-negative UTIs.Keywords: bacterial drug resistance, health care costs, hospital costs, patient outcome assessment, risk assessment

Objective To establish the feasibility of a systematic, community health worker (CHW)‐based hearing screening program that gathers Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant electronic data (otoscopic images of tympanic membrane and audiometric evaluation) on a smartphone in an effort to streamline treatment options in resource‐limited communities. Methods This is a cross‐sectional study in which four schools were screened in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti, during in April 2018. A total of 122 subjects (61% female) aged 5‐17 years underwent an initial brief audiometric screen followed by a more comprehensive air conduction audiometric evaluation if they failed their initial screen. Participants with more than 35‐dB loss in any frequency on their comprehensive audiometric evaluation received endoscopic otoscopy. Results Seventy‐five percent of subjects (91/122) passed their initial screen. Of those who failed, 9% (4/44 ears) had a severe or profound hearing loss on comprehensive evaluation. Abnormal otoscopic findings (11/36 ears, 31%) included are cerumen impaction (n = 6), myringosclerosis (n = 3), tympanic membrane perforation (n = 1), and tympanic membrane retraction (n = 1). The average duration of the initial testing was 100 seconds (SD = 74 seconds), whereas the duration of comprehensive testing was 394 seconds (SD = 175 seconds). Extrapolating from these data, we estimate that a group of seven trained CHWs could gather formal audiologic and otologic data points for 100 children per hour using this protocol. Conclusions A systematic approach that utilizes local resources (CHWs) and existing infrastructure (cell phones and the Internet) can significantly reduce the burden of hearing healthcare specialists while simultaneously facilitating early diagnosis and management of disabling hearing loss in low‐resourced settings. Level of evidence Level 4.

OBJECTIVES Measuring retention is critical for antiretroviral therapy (ART) management and program monitoring; however, many definitions and data sources, usually from single health facilities, are used. We used routine electronic data, linked across facilities, to examine the impact of definitions and data sources on retention estimates among women in Cape Town, South Africa. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We compiled routine electronic laboratory, pharmacy and clinic visit data for 617 women who started ART during pregnancy (2013-2014) and estimated 24-month retention using different definitions and data sources. We used logistic regression to assess consistency of associations between risk factors and retention, and receiver operating characteristics analyses to describe how different retention estimates predict viremia at 12 months on ART. RESULTS Using all available data sources, retention ranged from 41% (no gap >180 days) to 72% (100% 12-month visit constancy). Laboratory data (expected infrequently) underestimated retention compared with clinic visit data that identified more than 80% of women considered retained in all definitions. In all estimates, associations with known risk factors for nonretention remained consistent and retention declined over time: 77, 65 and 58% retained using all data sources in months 6-12, 12-18 and 18-24, respectively (P

Introduction The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a relatively uncommon odontogenic neoplasm representing about 4.7% of all odontogenic tumors. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical profile of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumors in a Sri Lankan population. Methods Data gathered from the cases received for a period of 38 years from the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Request forms, biopsy reports and electronic data base of the department were used to obtain relevant information. Demographic data including age, gender and location of the tumor were included in the analysis. Results Out of 116 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, the mean age was 21.02 ± 11.24. It occurs more fre quently in the second decade of life, more prevalent in females, most often associated with the maxilla, predominantly affecting anterior jaw bones and presenting mostly in the right side of the jaw bone. The results from the present study showed the statistically significant relationship with site of occurrence (maxilla/mandible) and age (p< 0.005). Further, depending on whether it occurs in anterior/mid/posterior site also showed a significant relationship with age (p≤ 0.001). However, side of occurrence, left or right or site of occurrence, showed no statistically significance with age (p> 0.05). Conclusion Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor occurs more frequently in the second decade of life with a significant female predominance and the commonest site is anterior maxilla. This study revealed few differences on demographic and clinical presentations of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor from some regions of the world. Resumo Introdução O tumor odontogênico adenomatoide é uma neoplasia odontogênica relativamente incomum que representa cerca de 4,7% de todos os tumores odontogênicos. Objetivo Determinar o perfil demográfico e clínico dos tumores odontogênicos adenomatoides em uma população do Sri Lanka. Método Os dados foram obtidos dos casos tratados por 38 anos no Departamento de Patologia Oral da Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Formulários de solicitação, relatórios de biópsia e o banco de dados eletrônico do departamento foram usados para obter informações relevantes. Dados demográficos, idade, sexo e localização do tumor foram incluídos na análise. Resultados Dos 116 casos de tumor odontogênico adenomatoide, a média de idade foi de 21,02 ± 11,24. Ocorreu com mais frequência na segunda década de vida, e foi mais prevalente no sexo feminino, mais frequentemente associado à maxila, afetou predominantemente os ossos da mandíbula anterior e apresentou-se principalmente no lado direito dos ossos da mandíbula. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram uma relação estatisticamente significante com o local da ocorrência (maxila/mandíbula) e idade (p < 0,005). Além disso, de acordo com o local de ocorrência, região anterior/média/posterior, também apresentou relação significante com a idade (p ≤ 0,001). Entretanto, nem o lado acometido, direito ou esquerdo, ou o sítio de ocorrência foi estatisticamente significante em relação à idade (p > 0,05). Conclusão O tumor odontogênico adenomatoide ocorre com mais frequência na segunda década de vida, com predominância feminina significativa, e o local mais comum é a maxila anterior. Este estudo revelou poucas diferenças nas apresentações demográficas e clínicas do tumor odontogênico adenomatoide de algumas regiões do mundo.

В статье рассматривается использование цифровых технологий в правоохранительной деятельности сквозь призму соотношение публичных и частных интересов. Проанализирована система нормативного и правоприменительного регулирования, изучены нормативные правовые акты, регламентирующие отношения, складывающиеся в сфере использования информационно-телекоммуникационных технологий, изучено более 30 постановлений, определений и иных решений, принятых различными судебными инстанциями в России, а также более 20 решений Европейского суда по правам человека. Сравнительно-правовой материал получен автором в рамках проведения исследования законодательства некоторых зарубежных стран, в частности США, Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии, Франции, а также Европейского союза в целом. Полученные результаты позволили определить достигнутый уровень регулирования цифровых правоотношений с точки зрения сбалансированности интересов отдельных лиц, общества и государства в достижении частных и публичных интересов. Были выявлены пробелы и диспропорции в нормативном и правоприменительном регулировании рассматриваемой сферы, определены ключевые направления для их совершенствования., The article discusses the use of digital technologies in law enforcement through the prism of the balance of public and private interests. The author analyses the system of legal regulation, studies the normative legal acts regulating digital relations and the use of information and communication technologies. Empirical ground of the study constitutes of more than 30 decisions adopted by various judicial instances in Russia, as well as more than 20 decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. Comparative legal material is represented by the study of foreign legislation, in particular the United States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France, and the European Union as a whole. The obtained results made it possible to determine the achieved level of regulation of digital relations, to assess the balance of competing public and private interests. In the sphere under consideration gaps and disproportions in legal regulation and law enforcement are identified, the key areas for their improvement are offered., International Journal of Open Information Technologies, Выпуск 11 2022, Pages 87-104

The study aims to reveal the most effective factors on the accessibility statistics of the Electronic Data Delivery System (EDDS) of The Central Bank of The Turkish Republic. Besides, another aim is to reveal the effect of the exchange rate on the access statistics of EDDS exchange rate data. For this purpose, a stepwise regression model was used to find the most effective factors on accessibility statistics. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis, it was revealed that 9 out of 26 variables significantly affected the EDDS access statistics. Engle-Granger cointegration test was chosen as the method to examine the relationship between exchange rate and EDDS access statistics. It has been revealed that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the EURO/TRY exchange rate and the access statistics of EDDS exchange rate data.

Background: The relevant legislation ensures confidentiality and has paved the way for data handling and sharing. However, the industry remains uncertain regarding big data handling and sharing practices for improved healthcare delivery and medical research. Methods: A semi-qualitative cross-sectional study was used which entailed analysing miners’ personal health records from 2014 to 2018. Data were accessed from the audiometry medical surveillance database (n = 480), the hearing screening database (n = 24,321), and the occupational hygiene database (n = 15,769). Ethical principles were applied to demonstrate big data protection and sharing. Results: Some audiometry screening and occupational hygiene records were incomplete and/or inaccurate (N = 4675). The database containing medical disease and treatment records could not be accessed. Ethical challenges included a lack of clarity regarding permission rights when sharing big data, and no policy governing the divulgence of miners’ personal and medical records for research. Conclusion: This case study illustrates how research can be effectively, although not maliciously, obstructed by the strict protection of employee medical data. Clearly communicated company policies should be developed for the sharing of workers’ records in the mining industry to improve HCPs.

Hillis (2006) recently published a rebuttal of my analysis (Dubois, 2006c) of a paper by Hillis and Wilcox (2005) on the taxonomy and nomenclature of American ranid frogs. His paper consists not only in a reply to my paper, as it contains in fact three distinct kinds of statements: (1) an attempt to “save” the new generic nomina proposed by Hillis and Wilcox (2005) from being considered nomina nuda under the Code; (2) another plea for the superiority of the Phylocode over the Code, especially as regards the absence of a Rule of Coordination and the substitution of “phylogenetic definition” of nomina to the use of onomatophores for the allocation of nomina to taxa; (3) a plea for “taxonomic stability” in order not to upset the traditional use of nomina and to please users of electronic data bases. These three points are here commented, as follows: (1) even with the best goodwill, under the rules of the Code it is possible to “save” only three or four of the seven new nomina of Hillis and Wilcox (2005), the others being indeed nomina nuda; furthermore, three of these seven nomina are definitively useless and redundant, being junior objective synonyms of other generic nomina; (2) the well-known arguments against the Phylocode do not need to be repeated in detail once again, the most important one being that replacement of a secular nomenclatural system by another one, whose theoretical and practical superiority is highly questionable, would cause considerable chaos and detract taxonomists from their urgent task of accelerating the collection, study and description of the living species of our planet; (3) the claim for taxonomic and nomenclatural stability ignores the importance of the taxonomic impediment and sends a misleading message to the scientific community and to society as a whole: in the present situation of our knowledge, taxonomic stability is ignorance, and the science of taxonomy would have much to lose to adapt its concepts and practices to the needs of databases at the expense of scientific quality. It is once again stressed that, for the quality and accuracy of communication between evolutionary biologists, and above all with other biologists and non-biologists, it is urgent that scientific periodicals impose the use of different systems of notation of nomina following distinct nomenclatural systems, such as the Code and the Phylocode. © The Willi Hennig Society 2007.

Objective: To analyze the content of the diagnostic proposition risk of excessive fluid volume in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Method: Content validity study, with 48 judges who assessed the content of the diagnostic proposition risk of excessive fluid volume, using an electronic data collection instrument. The judges’ answers were analyzed through the calculation of the Content Validity Index and the T test. Results: The risk of excessive fluid volume was considered adequate, containing 23 risk factors: increased sodium concentration in the dialysate; missing hemodialysis sessions; insufficient water; low self-efficacy for fluid restriction; deficient knowledge; altered body mass index; excessive intake of fluids, proteins and sodium; lower kt/v index; inadequate removal of fluids in hemodialysis; thirst; xerostomia; older people; comorbidities; renal function decline; decreased urinary volume; inflammatory status; hospitalization; low serum level of albumin and lymphocytes, and high level of phosphorus; and use of antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion: The content of the diagnostic proposition risk of excessive fluid volume was considered adequate by the judges. RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el contenido de la proposición diagnóstica riesgo de volumen de líquidos excesivo en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis. Método: Estudio de validación de contenido, con 48 jueces que evaluaron el contenido de la proposición diagnóstica riesgo de volumen de líquidos excesivo, por medio de un instrumento electrónico de recolección de datos. Las respuestas de los jueces fueron analizadas por el cálculo del Índice de Validez de Contenido y la prueba T. Resultados: El riesgo de volumen de líquidos excesivo fue considerado adecuado, se identificó 23 factores de riesgo: aumento en la concentración de sodio del dializado; ausencia en la sesión de hemodiálisis; evaluación hídrica insuficiente; baja autoeficacia para restricción de líquidos; conocimiento insuficiente; índice de masa corporal alterada; ingestión excesiva de líquidos, de proteínas y sodio; menor índice del kt/V; remoción inadecuada de líquidos en la hemodiálisis; sed; xerostomía; ancianos; comorbilidades; disminución de la función renal; disminución del volumen urinario; estado inflamatorio; hospitalización; nivel sérico de albumina y linfocitos bajos, y de fósforo elevado; y uso de antihipertensivos. Conclusión: El contenido de la proposición diagnostica riesgo de volumen de líquidos excesivo fue considerado adecuado por los jueces. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conteúdo da proposição diagnóstica risco de volume de líquidos excessivo em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise. Método: Estudo de validação de conteúdo, com 48 juízes que avaliaram o conteúdo da proposição diagnóstica risco de volume de líquidos excessivo, a partir de um instrumento eletrônico de coleta de dados. As respostas dos juízes foram analisadas pelo cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e o teste T. Resultados: O risco de volume de líquidos excessivo foi considerado adequado, contendo 23 fatores de risco: aumento na concentração de sódio do dialisado; ausência na sessão de hemodiálise; avaliação hídrica insuficiente; baixa autoeficácia para restrição de líquidos; conhecimento deficiente; índice de massa corporal alterada; ingesta excessiva de líquidos, de proteínas e sódio; menor índice do kt/v; remoção inadequada de líquidos na hemodiálise; sede; xerostomia; idosos; comorbidades; declínio da função renal; diminuição do volume urinário; estado inflamatório; hospitalização; níveis séricos de albumina e linfócitos baixos, e de fósforo elevado; e uso de anti-hipertensivos. Conclusão: O conteúdo da proposição diagnóstica risco de volume de líquidos excessivo foi considerado adequado pelos juízes.

Peptic ulcer disease affects many people globally. With the increasing resistance to some orthodox antibiotics such as Clarithromycin and Metronidazole, it is important that new acceptable, safer and effective therapies are developed to manage this disease. Various herbal medicines have been used traditionally for the remedy of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), however scientific information with regards to their anti-peptic ulcer both in-vivo and in-vitro as well as clinical studies supporting their use is still inadequate. The Centre for Plant Medicine Research, (CPMR) Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana manufactures three herbal Products namely Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules which are currently used for the remedy of PUD as a triple therapy at its out-patient clinic with promising effects. The aim of this review is to gather information from literature on the anti-ulcer properties, pharmacological, phytochemical constituents and related activities of herbal plants used at the CPMR for formulation of the triple herbal therapy. This review may, provide some scientific bases for the use of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules in the management of Peptic ulcer at the CPMR out-patient clinic. Methods Organization for the review involved the on and/or offline search for information from available literature using electronic data and scientific research information resources such as PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar. Results In this review, fifteen ethno-medicinal plants used for the formulation of Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK capsules have been discussed, presenting the description of the plants, composition and pharmacological activity. Interpretation Tables with the summary of reviewed medicinal plants with their anti-ulcer models and inference on possible mechanisms of action were drawn up. The mechanism(s) of action of individual plants and products (Enterica, Dyspepsia and NPK 500 capsules) must be further investigated and established experimentally in-vitro in addition to in-vivo pharmacological and clinical activity studies to confirm their use in the remedy of PUD.

Background Age- and sex-specific reference nomograms for intraoperative blood pressure have been published, but they do not identify harm thresholds. The authors therefore assessed the relationship between various absolute and relative characterizations of hypotension and acute kidney injury in children having noncardiac surgery. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic data from two tertiary care centers. They included inpatients 18 yr or younger who had noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia. Postoperative renal injury was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definitions, based on serum creatinine concentrations. The authors evaluated potential renal harm thresholds for absolute lowest intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) or largest MAP reduction from baseline maintained for a cumulative period of 5 min. Separate analyses were performed in children aged 2 yr or younger, 2 to 6 yr, 6 to 12 yr, and 12 to 18 yr. Results Among 64,412 children who had noncardiac surgery, 4,506 had creatinine assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. The incidence of acute kidney injury in this population was 11% (499 of 4,506): 17% in children under 6 yr old, 11% in children 6 to 12 yr old, and 6% in adolescents, which is similar to the incidence reported in adults. There was no association between lowest cumulative MAP sustained for 5 min and postoperative kidney injury. Similarly, there was no association between largest cumulative percentage MAP reduction and postoperative kidney injury. The adjusted estimated odds for kidney injury was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.05) for each 5-mmHg decrease in lowest MAP and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.03) for each 5% decrease in largest MAP reduction from baseline. Conclusions In distinct contrast to adults, the authors did not find any association between intraoperative hypotension and postoperative renal injury. Avoiding short periods of hypotension should not be the clinician’s primary concern when trying to prevent intraoperative renal injury in pediatric patients. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

OBJECTIVE To establish a case-adjusted hospital-specific performance evaluation tool using machine learning methodology for cesarean delivery. DATA SOURCES Secondary data were collected from patients between 1/1/2015-2/28/2018 using a hospital's "Electronic Data Warehouse" database from Illinois, USA. STUDY DESIGN The machine learning methodology of Optimal Classification Trees (OCT's) was used to predict cesarean delivery rate by physician group, thereby establishing the case-adjusted benchmarking standards in comparison to the overall hospital cesarean delivery rate. Outcomes of specific patient populations of each participating practice were predicted, as if each were treated in the overall hospital environment. The resulting OCTs estimate physician group expected cesarean delivery outcomes, both aggregate and in specific clinical situations. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS 12,841 singleton, vertex, term deliveries, cared for by practices with ≥50 births. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The overall rate of cesarean delivery was 18.6% (n = 2384), with a range of 13.3%-33.7% amongst 22 physician practices. An optimal decision tree was used to create a prediction model for the overall hospital which defined 23 patient cohorts, divided by 46 nodes. The model's performance for prediction of cesarean delivery is as follows: area under the curve- 0.73, sensitivity- 98.4%, specificity- 16.1%, positive predictive value 83.7%, negative predictive value 70.6%. Comparisons with the overall hospital's specific-case adjusted benchmark groups revealed that several groups outperformed the overall hospital and some practice groups underperformed in comparison to the overall hospital. CONCLUSIONS OCT benchmarking can assess physician practice specific case-adjusted performance, both overall and clinical situation specific, and can serve as a valuable tool for hospital self-assessment and quality improvement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

IntroductionEarly literature on the COVID-19 pandemic indicated striking ethnic inequalities in SARS-CoV-2-related outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe the presence and magnitude of associations between ethnic groups and COVID-19-related outcomes.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched from December 2019 through September 2020. Studies reporting extractable data (ie, crude numbers, and unadjusted or adjusted risk/ORs) by ethnic group on any of the five studied outcomes: confirmed COVID-19 infection in the general population, hospitalisation among infected patients, and disease severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality among hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included using standardised electronic data extraction forms. We pooled data from published studies using random-effects meta-analysis.Results58 studies were included from seven countries in four continents, mostly retrospective cohort studies, covering a total of almost 10 million individuals from the first wave until the summer of 2020. The risk of diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher in most ethnic minority groups than their White counterparts in North American and Europe with the differences remaining in the US ethnic minorities after adjustment for confounders and explanatory factors. Among people with confirmed infection, African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans were also more likely than White-Americans to be hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection. No increased risk of COVID-19 outcomes (ie, severe disease, ICU admission and death) was found among ethnic minority patients once hospitalised, except for a higher risk of death among ethnic minorities in Brazil.ConclusionThe risk of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was higher in most ethnic minorities, but once hospitalised, no clear inequalities exist in COVID-19 outcomes except for the high risk of death in ethnic minorities in Brazil. The findings highlight the necessity to tackle disparities in social determinants of health, preventative opportunities and delay in healthcare use. Ethnic minorities should specifically be considered in policies mitigating negative impacts of the pandemic.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020180085.

The fast growing technology has left a great impact on the human life. Many traditional systems are either replaced or running in parallel with their electronic counterpart. As for example: - the traditional postal system is now nearly replaced by mobile phones and emails. The electronic system is providing more functionalities than their traditional counterparts. Due to social media, peoples may communicate with each other, share their thoughts and moments of life in form of texts, images or videos. On the other hand, to enhance technologies and knowledge many research activities are propelled and data from different sources are gathered in large volume for further analysis. In short today’s world is surrounded with large volume of data in different form. This put a requirement for effective management of these billions of terabytes of electronic data generally called BIG DATA. The effective management must be based on proven mathematical concepts so that chance of casualties may be reduced. The study objective of this is to provide a mathematical appraisal for evolution of distribution of file data and explains some basic solution of primitive problems based on probability theory. The probability theory helps us to formalize the basic tree like architecture of distributed file system if we try to solve the problem like Big Data.

Background The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the Outcomes Management and Evaluation (OME) system, a prospectively designed electronic data collection tool, for collecting comprehensive and standardized surgical data in shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Surgical data from the first 100 cases of shoulder arthroplasty that were collected into the OME database were analyzed. Surgeons completed a traditional narrative operative note and also an OME case report using an encrypted smartphone. A blinded reviewer extracted data from the operative notes and implant logs in the electronic medical records (EMR) by manual chart review. OME and EMR data were compared with regard to data counts and agreement between 39 variables related to preoperative pathology, including rotator cuff status and glenoid wear, and surgical procedures. Data counts were assessed using both raw percentages and with McNemar's test (with continuity correction). Agreement of nominal variables was analyzed using Cohen's unweighted kappa (κ) and of ordinal variables using the linearly weighted Cohen's test. Efficiency was assessed by calculating the median time needed to complete OME. Results Compared to the EMR, the OME database had significantly higher data counts for 56% (22 of 39) of the variables assessed. A high level of proportional and statistical agreement was demonstrated between the data in the two datasets. 10 of 39 variables had 100% agreement but could not be statistically compared because both datasets had the same single response under those variables. Among the 29 variables that were compared, 79% (23 of 29) of variables had >80% raw proportional agreement, and 69% (20 of 29) of variables showed at least substantial agreement (κ > 0.6). The median time for completing OME surgery data entry was 92 seconds (IQR 70 – 126). Conclusion The prospectively designed, electronic data entry system (OME) is an efficient and valid tool for collecting comprehensive and standardized surgical data on shoulder arthroplasty. Level of Evidence Level IV

This paper introduces the time synchronization approaches to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) P1451.0 standard-based sensor networks for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. A time synchronization architecture of IEEE P1451.0 standard-based sensor networks is described including two-level time synchronization systems in IEEE P1451.0 and P1451.1.X standards-based wide-area network (WAN) and IEEE P1451.0 and P1451.5.X standards-based local area networks (LANs). However, this paper mainly focuses on the time synchronization approach of IEEE P1451.0 and P1451.1.6 standards-based WANs and provides two implementations of time synchronization of IEEE P1451.0 and P1451.1.6 using wireline and wireless networks with their preliminary results to verify that the time synchronization approach of IEEE P1451.1.6 functions properly. In addition, the time synchronization transducer electronic data sheets (TEDS) of P1451.1.6 is described.

Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease associated with increased risk of mortality. Objective The aim of this study was to examine predictors of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes in the north of Jordan. Methods Electronic data files for diabetes patients admitted between the period of 2014–2018 at a tertiary center in the north of Jordan were reviewed. Patient’s characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, use of medications and mortality rate were collected. Results Mean age of patients (n = 957) was 60.99 ± 0.37 (mean ± sem). Most of patients had multiple risk factors and underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Mortality rate was 10.1%. Univariate predictors of mortality included age, chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury, hypertension, heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As the number of CVDs increases, mortality rate also increases (Odd ratio 2.0, p Conclusion Key risk factors of mortality are CVDs and CKD indicating that the primary step of management should focus on optimizing risk factors to prevent diabetes complications and death.

Background: Diabetes is one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century. The number of adults with diabetes has roughly tripled in the last 20 years. The increased burden of chronic diseases and scarce health resources compel healthcare systems to make modern patients more self-sufficient by requiring them to play a more active part in the treatment and management of their disease. Tele-home-care is a method of distance intervention through the transmission of electronic data for follow-up, education, prevention, clinical decision-making, and treatment modulation that has a high potential for the population with diabetes. Previous studies have not systematically evaluated the effects of different features of long-distance caregiving on diabetes at different stages of disease severity. Objectives: The present study describes a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis for summarizing the evidence comparing telehomecare interventions on diabetes management and its complications. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane databases, HTA (Health Technology Assessment), NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database), DARE (Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effects), Embase, and SID will be searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords. Controlled clinical trials in patients with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes will be selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in studies will be checked using the JADAD score. The mean difference and its standard deviation will be calculated to be used as effect size. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the results. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression will be conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: The systematic review and meta-analysis provided by the results of a systematic review can be useful to endocrinologists, physicians, public health policymakers, and the general population.

Background Undelayed diagnosis is thought to be a major determinant for good prognosis in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). However, factors predicting diagnostic delay and the consequences of this remain poorly defined. We investigated these issues in a well-defined cohort of PIBD patients. Methods Comprehensive electronic data were collected from 136 PIBD patients retrospectively. Diagnostic delay was further classified into Results The median age of patients was 12.4 years and 43.4% were females. Altogether 35.5% had Crohn´s disease (CD), 59.1% ulcerative colitis (UC) and 6.6% IBD undefined (IBD-U). The median delay before diagnosis was 5.0 months in all, 6.6 months in CD, 4.1 months in UC, and 9.8 months in IBD-U (UC vs. CD, p = 0.010). In all but IBD-U most of the delay occurred before tertiary center referral. Abdominal pain predicted a delay > 6 months in all PIBD (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.00–4.31) and in UC patients (3.15, 1.14–8.7), while bloody stools predicted a shorter delay in all PIBD (0.28, 0.14–0.59) patients and in CD (0.10, 0.03–0.41) patients. A delay > 6 months was associated with a higher frequency of complications (2.28, 1.01–5.19). Conclusions Delay occurred mostly before specialist consultation, was longer in children presenting with abdominal pain and in CD and was associated with risk of complications. These findings emphasize the roles of active case-finding and prompt diagnostic evaluations.