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2015eko uztailaren 22ko Agindu bidez indarrean jarritako Helduen Euskalduntzearen Oinarrizko Curriculumaren bigarren argitalpena da hau, 2015eko lehen argitaraldian atzemandako okerrak zuzenduta eta eguneratuta. Izan ere, zenbait akats zuzendu da. Halaber, indarrean dagoen araudia eguneratu da argitalpen berrian: Kultura eta Hizkuntza Politikako sailburuaren 2020ko irailaren 9ko Agindua* erantsi da, euskarazko komunikagaitasun-mailen ebaluazioa eta egiaztatzegintza arautzen dituena eta euskara-ikasle helduentzako dirulaguntzen deialdietarako irizpideak finkatzen dituena, eta HABEren zuzendariaren 2015eko abuztuaren 3ko Ebazpena kendu, indargabetua baitago. Helduen Euskalduntzearen Oinarrizko Curriculumak gaitasun komunikatiboan sakondu eta ikaslea hizkuntza-erabiltzailea bilakatzea du helburu. Horretarako, HEOCaren xedea da euskararen ikaskuntza, irakaskuntza eta ebaluaziorako gidalerro nagusiak ezartzea eta eskaintzea, HABEk bere jarduera osoan eta HABEren Erregistroan inskribatuta dauden euskaltegiek eta euskararen autoikaskuntzarako zentroek, helduen euskalduntzegintzaren jardun didaktikoan, bete beharreko gidalerroak nork bere mailan moldatu eta erabili ditzan.

Plant litter functional diversity effects on instream decomposition change across latitudes., Running waters contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes through decomposition of terrestrial plant litter by aquatic microorganisms and detritivores. Diversity of this litter may influence instream decomposition globally in ways that are not yet understood. We investigated latitudinal differences in decomposition of litter mixtures of low and high functional diversity in 40 streams on 6 continents and spanning 113° of latitude. Despite important variability in our dataset, we found latitudinal differences in the effect of litter functional diversity on decomposition, which we explained as evolutionary adaptations of litter-consuming detritivores to resource availability. Specifically, a balanced diet effect appears to operate at lower latitudes versus a resource concentration effect at higher latitudes. The latitudinal pattern indicates that loss of plant functional diversity will have different consequences on carbon fluxes across the globe, with greater repercussions likely at low latitudes.

Discharge reduction, as caused by water diversion for hydropower, and fine sediments deposition, are prevalent stressors that may affect multiple ecosystem functions in streams. Periphytic biofilms play a key role in stream ecosystem functioning and are potentially affected by these stressors and their interaction. We experimentally assessed the interactive effects of discharge and fine sediments on biofilm metabolism in artificial indoor channels using a factorial split-plot design with two explanatory variables: water discharge (20, 39, 62, 141 and 174 cm3 s-1) and fine sediments (no sediment or 1100 mg L-1 of sediments). We incubated artificial tiles for 25 days in an unpolluted stream to allow biofilm colonization, and then placed them into the indoor channels for acclimation for 18 days. Subsequently, we manipulated water discharge and fine sediments and, after 17 days, we measured biofilm chlorophyll-a concentration and metabolism. Water velocity (range, 0.5 to 3.0 cm s-1) and sediment deposition (range, 6.1 to 16.6 mg cm-2) increased with discharge, the latter showing that the effect of increased inputs prevailed over sloughing. In the no-sediment treatments, discharge did not affect biofilm metabolism, but reduced chlorophyll-a. Sediments, probably as a consequence of nutrients released, promoted metabolism of biofilm and chlorophyll-a, which became independent of water discharge. Our results indicate that pulses of fine sediments can promote biofilm algal biomass and metabolism, but show interactive effects with discharge. Although discharge reduction can affect the abundance of basal resources for food webs, its complex interactions with fine sediments make it difficult to forecast the extent and direction of the changes. This research was funded by the Spanish Department of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness through the project GL2016-77487-R(DIVERSION),the European Social Fund, the Basque Government (Consolidated Research Group IT951-16) and the Biscay Province Council (61/2015). AVPC carried out this workt hanksto a pre-doctoral grant by the Spanish Department of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (BES-2017-081959). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

espanolLas plantaciones de eucalipto (genero Eucalyptus) tienen una amplia distribucion a escala global y causan preocupacion por los efectos que pueden ocasionar sobre el medio ambiente. En este trabajo revisamos la evolucion de la superficie cubierta por los eucaliptos en Euskadi y evaluamos sus efectos ambientales a partir de la bibliografia cientifica existente sobre esta region y sobre la peninsula iberica. Entre 1986 y 2019, la superficie de plantaciones de eucaliptos se ha cuadruplicado, pasando de 4.866 a 19.643 ha, proceso este que esta acelerandose a causa de la plaga de la banda marron del pino. Los estudios publicados muestran de manera sistematica que las plantaciones de eucaliptos en Euskadi y el resto de la Peninsula tienen un efecto medioambiental negativo si se compara con las plantaciones de pino y, especialmente, con los bosques nativos. Las plantaciones de eucalipto modifican las caracteristicas del suelo y disminuyen la biodiversidad. Entre los organismos mas afectados se encuentran los hongos, liquenes, plantas herbaceas, anfibios, aves e invertebrados acuaticos. Tambien se detectan alteraciones en el funcionamiento del ecosistema, en procesos como la descomposicion de hojarasca. Aunque algunas afecciones parecen ser consecuencia de la intensidad con la que se explotan estas plantaciones y podrian reducirse mediante medidas correctoras, otros efectos parecen guardar relacion con las caracteristicas intrinsecas del eucalipto que, en consecuencia, no pueden modificarse. Es previsible que la magnitud de los impactos se agrave conforme se incremente la superficie cubierta por eucaliptales asi como el numero de rotaciones en sus explotaciones EnglishEucalyptus plantations are widely distributed throughout the world, thus creating concern due to their potential environmental effects. In this work we analyse the evolution of the coverage of eucalypts in the Basque Country and assess their environmental effects based on the scientific literature from this region and from the Iberian Peninsula. From 1986 to 2019 the area covered by eucalypt plantations increased fourfold, from 4,866 to 19,643 ha, a process that is accelerating as a consequence of the pine needle blight. The research so far published shows systematically that eucalypt plantations in the Basque Country and in the rest of the peninsula have detrimental environmental effects, compared to pine plantations and, especially, to native forests. Eucalypt plantations alter soil characteristics and reduce biodiversity. Fungi, lichens, herbaceous plants, amphibians, birds and aquatic invertebrates are among the most seriously affected groups of organisms. Ecosystem processes, such as leaf-litter breakdown, are also affected. Some of these effects seem to be a consequence of the intensity of exploitation in these plantations and, thus, could be reduced by means of improved management; other effects seem to relate to the intrinsic characteristics of the eucalypts, which cannot be modified. The magnitude of the impacts will likely increase with the area covered by eucalypt plantations, as well as with the number of crop rotations. euskaraEukalipto-landaketak mundu mailan oso hedatuta daude, eta kezka pizten du horrek ingurumenean izan ditzakeen eraginengatik. Lan honetan Euskadin eukaliptoz estalitako azaleraren bilakaera berrikusten dugu eta horien ingurumen-eragina aztertzen dugu, eskualde honetakoaz zein iberiar penintsulakoaz argitaratutako bibliografia zientifikoan oinarrituta. 1986tik 2019ra eukalipto-landaketen azalera laukoiztu egin da, 4.866 ha-tik 19.643 hara; prozesu hau azken aldian azkartzen ari da, pinuaren xingola marroia deritzon izurriaren eraginez. Argitaratutako ikerlanek modu sistematikoan erakusten dute eukalipto-landaketek Euskadin zein penintsulako beste leku batzuetan ingurumen-eragin kaltegarria dutela pinu-landaketekin alderatzen baditugu, are gehiago bertoko basoekin alderatuta. Eukaliptoek lorzoruaren ezaugarriak aldatu egiten dituzte, arroen hidrologiari eragin, eta biodibertsitatea murrizten dute. Gehien erasandako bizidun-taldeen artean daude onddoak, landare belarkarak, anfibioak, hegaztiak eta ornogabe urtarrak. Era berean, aldaketak detektatzen dira ekosistemaren funtzionamenduan, bereziki orbelaren deskonposizioan. Eragin batzuk basoen ustiaketa intentsiboari lotuta daudela dirudien arren eta neurri zuzentzaileen bidez leundu litezkeela, beste batzuk eukaliptoaren berezko ezaugarriek eraginak direla ematen du eta, beraz, leuntzen zailak direla. Eragin horien gero eta handiagoak izango direla aurreikus daiteke, eukaliptoz estalitako azalera zein landaketen errotazio-kopurua handitu ahala.

El VIH sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en la Comunidad de Madrid (CM), diagnosticándose cada año unas 1000 nuevas infecciones. Desde la Dirección General de Salud Pública (DGSP),cada 1 de diciembre, Día Mundial del Sida (DMS), siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OMS, se apoya y promueve la realización de actividades para sensibilizar e informar a la población acerca de la importancia de la prevención, del diagnóstico precoz, los recursos disponibles y la lucha contra el estigma y las discriminación que aún hoy sufren las personas que viven con VIH.

Background Assessment tools to classify and prioritize patients, such as systems of triage, and indicators of severity, such as clinical respiratory scores, are helpful in guiding the flow of asthmatic patients in the emergency department. Objective Our aim was to assess the performance of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT), triage level (TL), Pulmonary Score (PS), and initial O2 saturation (O2 sat), in predicting hospitalization in pediatric acute asthma exacerbations. Study Design Retrospective study evaluating PAT, TL, and PS at presentation, and initial O2 sat of asthmatic children in the pediatric emergency department (PED). The primary outcome measure was the rate of hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) in the PED and admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Results PAT, TL, PS, and initial O2 sat were recorded in 14,953 asthmatic children. Multivariate analysis yielded the following results: Abnormal PAT and more severe TLs (I–II) were independent risk factors for hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–1.8; OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.6–4.3, respectively) and longer LOS (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7; OR 2.6, 95% CI 2–3.3, respectively). PS > 3 showed a strong association with hospitalization (OR 8.1, 95% CI 7–9.4), PICU admission (OR 9.6, 95% CI 3–30.9) and longer LOS (OR 6.2, 95% CI 5.6–6.9). O2 sat < 94% was an independent predictor of admission (OR 5.2, 95% CI 4.6–5.9), PICU admission (OR 4.6, 95% CI 4.5–4.6), and longer LOS (OR 4.6, 95% CI 4.1–5.2). Conclusions PAT, TL, PS, and initial O2 sat are good predictors of hospitalization in pediatric acute asthma exacerbations.

From the issue entitled "Special Issue: Understanding effects of global change on water quantity and quality in river basins", INTRODUCTION: The Consolider-Ingenio 2010 project SCARCE, with the full title "Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian Rivers caused by global change" aims to examine and predict the relevance of global change on water availability, water quality, and ecosystem services in Mediterranean river basins of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their socio-economic impacts. Starting in December 2009, it brought together a multidisciplinary team of 11 partner Spanish institutions, as well as the active involvement of water authorities, river basin managers, and other relevant agents as stakeholders. METHODS: The study areas are the Llobregat, Ebro, Jucar, and Guadalquivir river basins. These basins have been included in previous studies and projects, the majority of whom considered some of the aspects included in SCARCE but individually. Historical data will be used as a starting point of the project but also to obtain longer time series. The main added value of SCARCE project is the inclusion of scientific disciplines ranging from hydrology, geomorphology, ecology, chemistry, and ecotoxicology, to engineering, modeling, and economy, in an unprecedented effort in the Mediterranean area. The project performs data mining, field, and lab research as well as modeling and upscaling of the findings to apply them to the entire river basin. RESULTS: Scales ranging from the laboratory to river basins are addressed with the potential to help improve river basin management. The project emphasizes, thus, linking basic research and management practices in a single framework. In fact, one of the main objectives of SCARCE is to act as a bridge between the scientific and the management and to transform research results on management keys and tools for improving the River Basin Management Plans. Here, we outline the general structure of the project and the activities conducted within the ten Work Packages of SCARCE., This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065. Special thanks are due to all partners of the SCARCE consortium and the peer review panel for ensuring quality results and fruitful collaboration within the project.

Capítol 9 del llibre 'Conceptos y técnicas en ecología fluvial' que es refereix a la influència de factors com la temperatura de l'aigua, la disponibilitat de llum i la velocitat de la corrent en els organismes que viuen en els sistemes fluvials Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/microsites/ecologia_fluvial/index.htm

Rivers are among the most diverse and threatened ecosystems on Earth, as they are impacted by increasing human pressures. Because rivers provide essential goods and services, conservation of these ecosystems is a requisite for sustainable development. Therefore, we must seek ways to conserve healthy rivers and to restore degraded ones Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/microsites/river/river_conservation.html

We have pragmatic and ethical obligations to conserve rivers and their biodiversity. This chapter outlines how and why river conservation is important. To make a difference, we must act as individuals and groups, using water wisely and protecting vulnerable assets such as water quality, riparian zones and aquatic biodiversity Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/microsites/river/river_conservation.html

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: https://www.fbbva.es/microsites/ecologia_fluvial/index.htm Capítol 2 del llibre 'Conceptos y técnicas en ecología fluvial' que es refereix al riu com ecosistema

Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00451-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users, Temporary Mediterranean streams dry out in summer due to low precipitation and high temperatures, thus affecting biota and ecosystem functioning. The consequences of exposing leaf litter to an extreme summer drought, that is, high solar radiation, low humidity, and high temperatures, were evaluated. It was hypothesised that litter exposure to summer drought conditions in a dry streambed would change litter chemical composition, affecting decomposition and associated benthic communities after autumnal flow resumption. Recently fallen black poplar leaves were enclosed in litterbags and separated into two sets: (1) control leaves, kept air-dry in the dark, and (2) drought leaves, exposed to harsh summer conditions in a simulated dry streambed. Both sets were then immersed in a temporary Mediterranean stream in autumn, and leaf litter decomposition monitored. As expected, summer drought exposure increased nitrogen, total fibre, lignin, and cellulose content in drought leaves. After litterbag immersion, higher cellulose-degrading enzyme activity was observed in drought leaves while lignin-degrading enzyme activity was greater in the control leaves. Fungal and bacterial assemblages clearly differed between treatments. Inter-replicate variability was lower in drought leaves for most of the measured variables, suggesting that drought homogenised decomposer and detritivore communities. Despite these drought-related effects, decomposition rates did not vary, apparently due to counterbalancing effects (that is, drought treatment enhanced recalcitrant compounds and nutrient content in leaf litter) probably related to terrestrial microbial colonisation and photodegradation. Our study demonstrates that summer drought has bottom-up critical legacy effects in temporary Mediterranean streams, affecting the structure and function of decomposer communities., We thank Núria Perujo and Hada Alvarez for their support in laboratory and field work. We also thank Rachel Gough for carefully editing this manuscript. This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2008-05618-C02-01/BOS, CGL2011-30151-C02-01, CGL2016-76024-R, and RTI2018-097950-B-C21 projects), the European Regional Development Fund—Operational Competitiveness Program (ERDF-COMPETE2020-POCI), and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT (UID/BIA/04050/2019, PTDC/AACAMB/113746/2009, PTDC/AAC-AMB/117068/2010, PTDC/CTA-AMB/31245/2017). J.M.G. was supported by a PhD grant BR from the University of Girona and the H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions grant agreement No 706616. S.D. was supported by FCT (SFRH/BPD/47574/2008 and SFRH/BPD/109842/2015).

Dokumentu hau Helduen Euskalduntzerako Oinarrizko Curriculumean eskainitako langaien jarraipena da. Bertan, aurrekoan eskaintzen ziren testu-ereduez gain, beste zazpina testu-eredu eskaintzen dira maila eta trebetasun bakoitzeko; denera, 216 testu.