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Affective realism, roughly the hypothesis that you "perceive what you feel", has recently been put forward as a novel, empirically-backed explanation of police shooting errors. The affective states involved in policing in high-pressure situations result in police officers literally seeing guns even when none are present. The aim of this paper is to (i) unpack the implications of this explanation for assessing police culpability and (ii) determine whether we should take these implications at face value. I argue that while affective realism stands to diminish, if not eliminate, the moral and legal responsibilities of officers who have made shooting errors, the empirical data itself does not directly support such a radical rethink of police culpability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflexive autoethnography explores my experience of learning about myself as I experienced painting with watercolors. The focus of this research is understanding the interaction of identity, emotion, and belonging within the context of my own adult learning experience. The central emphasis seeks to offer contributing factors to adult learning in a context outside of formal learning opportunities, such as in university or school-based learning. I employed the reflexive process of autoethnography through journal entries, photographic documentation, and recalling to examine my own experience of learning in a non-academic setting. Various theories of self-identity, participation, and learning were explored to frame my own learning experience. This methodological approach allowed the pursuit of adult learning to emerge as something deeply intertwined with an individual's understanding of their identity, affective experiences, and sense of belonging. These considerations have capacity to further current conceptualizations of the process of adult learning experiences. Implications for facilitators of adult learning are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonverbal emotional vocalizations play a crucial role in conveying emotions during human interactions. Validated corpora of these vocalizations have facilitated emotion-related research and found wide-ranging applications. However, existing corpora have lacked representation from diverse cultural backgrounds, which may limit the generalizability of the resulting theories. The present paper introduces the Chinese Nonverbal Emotional Vocalization (CNEV) corpus, the first nonverbal emotional vocalization corpus recorded and validated entirely by Mandarin speakers from China. The CNEV corpus contains 2415 vocalizations across five emotion categories: happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and neutrality. It also includes a database containing subjective evaluation data on emotion category, valence, arousal, and speaker gender, as well as the acoustic features of the vocalizations. Key conclusions drawn from statistical analyses of perceptual evaluations and acoustic analysis include the following: (1) the CNEV corpus exhibits adequate reliability and high validity; (2) perceptual evaluations reveal a tendency for individuals to associate anger with male voices and fear with female voices; (3) acoustic analysis indicates that males are more effective at expressing anger, while females excel in expressing fear; and (4) the observed perceptual patterns align with the acoustic analysis results, suggesting that the perceptual differences may stem not only from the subjective factors of perceivers but also from objective expressive differences in the vocalizations themselves. For academic research purposes, the CNEV corpus and database are freely available for download at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Solitude is a common experience that can elicit both positive (e.g., relaxation) and negative (e.g., loneliness) emotions. But can changing the way we think about solitude improve its emotional effects? In a previous study, our team found that positively reframing solitude buffers against a reduction in positive affect when alone. Yet, it is unknown whether people who are lonely—and thus more likely to experience solitude negatively—benefit from modifying their beliefs about being alone. Method: Here, we test whether reframing solitude as a beneficial experience or de‐stigmatizing loneliness helps people experiencing moderate‐to‐severe loneliness (N = 224) feel more positive emotion and less negative emotion during solitude. We randomly assigned participants to read about either the benefits of solitude, the high prevalence of loneliness, or a control topic. Then, participants spent 10 min alone in the laboratory. State affect was assessed before and after the solitude period. Results: Across conditions, the solitude period reduced high‐arousal positive (e.g., excited) and high‐arousal negative (e.g., anxious) affect. Notably, people who read about the benefits of solitude experienced a significantly larger increase in low‐arousal positive affect compared with the control condition. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that lonely individuals can more readily reap the emotional benefits of solitude when they reframe solitude as an experience that can enhance their well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In human–human interactions, detecting emotions is often easy as it can be perceived through facial expressions, body gestures, or speech. However, in human–machine interactions, detecting human emotion can be a challenge. To improve this interaction, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has emerged, with the goal of recognizing emotions solely through vocal intonation. In this work, we propose a SER system based on deep learning approaches and two efficient data augmentation techniques such as noise addition and spectrogram shifting. To evaluate the proposed system, we used three different datasets: TESS, EmoDB, and RAVDESS. We employe several algorithms such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Mel spectrograms, Root Mean Square Value (RMS), and chroma to select the most appropriate vocal features that represent speech emotions. Three different deep learning models were imployed, including MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and a hybrid model that combines CNN with Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM). By exploring these different approaches, we were able to identify the most effective model for accurately identifying emotional states from speech signals in real-time situation. Overall, our work demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed deep learning model, specifically based on CNN+BiLSTM enhanced with data augmentation for the proposed real-time speech emotion recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making is a complex cognitive process, in which emotion is one of the most important factors. But insights into the influence of emotion on decision-making are scarce, especially the underlying mechanism of the brain. To reveal the brain’s underlying mechanisms of the influence of emotion on decision-making, an experiment involving emotion elicitation and decision-making tasks was designed. Electroencephalography (EEG), behavioral, and subjective data were collected and conducted. We constructed time-varying weighted directed networks by phase slope index (PSI) in four frequency bands and calculated graph theory metrics. Firstly, the period that the brain processes information most efficiently is 100–300 ms after the appearance of the decision-making task. Secondly, by analyzing the temporal-spatial domains of EEG, the significant differences in global efficiency (GE) and local efficiency (LE) were found among three different emotion groups in the alpha band in the low-difficulty task during 100–300 ms. Thirdly, most activation regions of different emotions were similar and concentrated in the parietal, and occipital lobes but there were still slight differences that were more likely to be found in the prefrontal and left temporal lobes. Graph theory metrics in the decision-making process changed dynamically in the temporal domain and graph theory metrics of different emotions were different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the benefits of collaborative learning across disciplines are well-established, its effectiveness hinges on the quality of execution. Motivational beliefs and emotions are crucial in students' engagement and achievement. Yet, a notable gap exists in examining these variables among students with varying proficiency levels in the context of collaborative learning. To address the gap, the present study investigated 289 fourth- and fifth-grade Hong Kong primary students’ motivational beliefs and emotions in ESL collaborative learning and explored the variation across students’ actual and self-perceived English proficiency. The findings revealed an overall high level of motivational beliefs alongside a medium level of anxiety. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated that self-perceived proficiency positively influenced students' motivational beliefs, whereas actual proficiency did not make a unique contribution. Both self-perceived and actual proficiency, as well as their interaction, reduced anxiety. Actual proficiency had a stronger negative impact on anxiety when self-perceived proficiency was high, and the influence of self-perceived proficiency was significant only when actual proficiency was high. Practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite mounting evidence that young adults experience greater exposure and affective responsivity to daily stressors than middle-aged and older adults, few studies have examined potential sex differences in these daily stress processes in young adults. We tested the hypotheses that young women would experience (1) a greater percentage of days with at least one daily stressor event and (2) exaggerated negative and positive affective responsivity to daily stressors compared to young men. Young adults (n = 215) completed a daily web-based interview for eight consecutive days to assess multiple dynamic aspects of daily stress processes. Women experienced a greater frequency of daily stressor days. Further, the magnitude of the difference in both negative and positive affect between stressor-free and stressor days were greater in young women compared to young men. Greater exposure and amplified affective responsivity to daily stressors may potentially contribute to increased susceptibility to adverse psychological outcomes in young women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the affective and emotional aspects of citizen scientist engagement in a research project aiming to map solitary bee diversity across Johannesburg, South Africa. In social media engagement by people participating as citizen scientists, expressions of emotions were a key feature. To further understand the implications of emotions for the science and for the citizens, we undertook interviews with a sub-set of recruited participants. These are contextualized by a discussion of key literature on citizen science and human-insect relations. The findings presented show how excitement, worry and joy were expressed by participants at different stages of the citizen science project. We then theorize on the role of emotion in this specific citizen science project and argue that emotion should be considered at the design stage of other citizen science projects as it can play a key role in creating experiences that are rewarding for citizens, as well as producing useful data for scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two studies, we experimentally induced awe to 1) replicate the statistically-opposing indirect effects of awe via self-diminishment and happiness on meaning in life, and 2) assess if awe has similarly complex relationships with the existential perception of true self-knowledge. Across studies, awe elicited greater self-diminishment, which negatively predicted both outcomes. In Study 1 (N = 351), awe did not have a significant indirect effect via happiness on either outcome, contrary to predictions. However, these positive indirect effects were found in Study 2 (N = 483). This suggests awe may give rise to opposing perceptual processes which shape both one’s perceived meaning in life and the sense one knows who they truly are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent negative emotions are a key post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptom. Disgust occurs during/following traumatic events and predicts PTS symptoms, but is overlooked relative to other negative emotions like fear. Here, we investigate how trauma-related disgust fades—or persists—in memory (i.e., a person's recollection of how they felt during a traumatic event vs. their current feelings), and over time, relative to fear. In a cross-sectional (Study 1; N = 471) and longitudinal (Study 2; N = 160) study, participants rated their disgust and fear reactions to a recent stressful/traumatic event, at the time the event occurred (peritraumatic; “then”) and at present (posttraumatic; “now”). Study 2 participants provided additional “now” emotion ratings 3 months later. Cross-sectional comparisons showed that whilst participants’ disgust and fear reactions were lower in intensity “now” relative to “then”, fear faded to a greater degree than disgust. Time since the traumatic event and PTS symptom severity were not related to disgust's relative persistence. In contrast, disgust and fear similarly persisted longitudinally. We conclude disgust and fear similarly persist over time, but disgust persists in memory more than fear. Understanding how to reduce feelings of disgust following trauma is clinically important, since disgust is more resistant to PTSD treatments than fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory study contributes to the leisure studies literature in three main ways: through foregrounding the emotionality of intellectually disabled people, an under-represented group within the context of events; through focusing on an arts festival, a form of event overlooked in comparison to other commonly studied types of events; and finally, through the testing of a new methodological framework – Brown’s emotional timescapes for events, itself adapted from Maguire and Geiger’s work on servicescapes. In this New Zealand-based study, we explore the emotions experienced by attendees, performers, volunteers, support workers and event organisers. Data from 20 interviews, participant observation and autoethnography was deductively analysed with a focus on expressions of emotion. We crafted a narrative for each individual, allowing us to identify the influence of the eventscape and map temporal patterns of emotional responses across the festival timescape. Findings show that participants experienced strong positive emotions. This was influenced by elements of the eventscape. In particular, interaction with others (including audience reaction) played a significant role in emotional timescapes. While the emotional timescape model was useful for broadly representing intensity of emotion over the duration of an event, we also identified limitations and propose a way to expand Brown’s theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of micro-expression recognition mechanisms has greatly improved with the use of deep learning approaches. Most studies have been shifting from the use of hand-designed methods to deep learning-based methods and have increasingly incorporated apex frames into the recognition process. Psychological studies have shown the benefits of only using the upper face for the detection of micro-expressions by humans. However, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the effects of using solely upper facial features for computer-based micro-expression detection. To this end, we propose a novel spatio-temporal network to recognize micro-expressions from videos using only upper facial features. The proposed model takes the apex frame and extracts the spatial features using a 2D-CNN and a temporal window of 30 adjacent frames for the temporal feature extraction using a 3D-CNN. The two input streams in the model are in a parallel dual stream architecture. Our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detecting micro-expressions in both cropped videos (in the CASMEII and SAMM datasets) and long videos (in the SMIC-E-HS dataset). We further evaluate our proposed method using a combined dataset. Our proposed method achieves a prediction accuracy of 0.832 for the combined dataset, which outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Results show that using only features from the upper face does not impede the detection of micro-expressions and that combining spatial and temporal analysis improves prediction accuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractSymptoms associated with Parkinson’s Disease, motor and non-motor, impact daily life and can lead to participation changes in meaningful occupations and social activities. The purpose of this study was to understand the emotional impact of changes in activity participation in people with Parkinson’s Disease. The study utilized a mixed-method design with a questionnaire and interview. Participants experienced significant negative emotions associated with decreased social participation and increased difficulty with meaningful occupations. Findings indicate the need for occupational therapy to address emotional needs to enhance engagement in meaningful occupations and quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Preliminary examination of emotional awareness/expression relationships with pain in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain (CP) and exploration of psychological factors as mediators or moderators of these relationships. Methods: Cross-sectional study in adults (N = 59) with chronic TBI and CP using Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 Difficulty Identifying and Describing Feelings subscales; Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire; Emotional Approach Coping Scale; PROMIS Pain Intensity and Pain Interference scales, Michigan Body Map (pain widespreadness); headache frequency; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (psychological distress), and Post-traumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian. Results: Difficulty Identifying Feelings was positively associated with pain intensity, pain interference, and headache frequency. Difficulty Describing Feelings was positively correlated with pain interference and headache frequency. Emotional Approach Coping was inversely correlated with headache frequency. Emotional awareness/expression relationships with pain outcomes were mediated by Pain Catastrophizing; Difficulty Describing Feelings relationships with Pain Interference and headache frequency were mediated by psychological distress; and Difficulty Describing Feelings associations with Pain Interference were mediated by post-traumatic stress. No moderators were identified. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that emotional awareness/expression is linked to pain in adults with TBI and CP, which may be connected via pain catastrophizing and psychological distress. If longitudinal studies with larger samples produce similar findings, researchers should explore training emotional awareness/expression for possible pain management after TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It has long been known that highly arousing emotional single items are better recollected than low arousing neutral items. Despite the robustness of this memory advantage, emotional arousing events may not always promote the retrieval of source details (i.e., source memory) or associated neutral information. Methods: To shed more light on these effects, we pooled data from seven different studies (N = 333) to investigate the role of emotion on item-context binding in episodic memory, as well as potential interacting factors (e.g., encoding instructions, type of retrieval task, or acute stress). In all studies, participants incidentally encoded common neutral objects (i.e., items), overlaid on different pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant background scenes (i.e., contexts). One week later, the encoded objects were presented intermixed with new ones and memory for item and source contextual details was tested, also considering the contribution of recollection and familiarity-based processes. Results: Linear mixed models revealed a recollection-based retrieval advantage for unpleasant and pleasant source contextual details compared to neutral ones. Bayes hypothesis-testing analysis further indicated decisive evidence in favor of a relevant role of emotional arousal and recollection in source contextual memory. Regarding item memory, linear mixed models revealed enhanced recollection-based memory for items encoded in pleasant contexts compared to their neutral and unpleasant counterparts. However, Bayes analysis revealed strong to moderate evidence for models without affective category (or its interactions), indicating that the affective category of contexts in which objects were paired during encoding had little influence on item memory performance. Discussion: The present results are discussed in relation to existing evidence and current neurobiological models of emotional episodic memory by also emphasizing the role of predictive processing as a useful conceptual framework to understand the effects of emotion on memory for source details and associated neutral information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-rated health (SRH) is a significant predictor of future health outcomes. Despite the contribution of psychological factors in individuals’ subjective health assessments, prior studies of machine learning-based prediction models primarily focused on health-related factors of SRH. Using the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2), the current study employed machine learning techniques to predict SRH based on a broad array of biological, psychological, and sociodemographic factors. Our analysis, involving logistic regression, LASSO regression, random forest, and XGBoost models, revealed robust predictive performance (AUPRC > 0.90) across all models. Emotion-related variables consistently emerged as vital predictors alongside health-related factors. The models highlighted the significance of psychological well-being, personality traits, and emotional states in determining individuals’ subjective health ratings. Incorporating psychological factors into SRH prediction models offers a multifaceted perspective, enhancing our understanding of the complexities behind self-assessed health. This study underscores the necessity of considering emotional well-being alongside physical conditions in assessing and improving individuals’ subjective health perceptions. Such insights hold promise for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing both physical health and emotional well-being to ameliorate subjective health assessments and potentially long-term health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attribution of λύπη to Jesus in Matthew’s Gethsemane (26.37–38) – typically translated as ‘sorrow’ or ‘grief’ – is often understood as an attempt to humanize Jesus’s anguish with a relatively benign emotion. However, interpreters rarely offer detailed analyses of the term or its connotations, particularly its physical intensity and how it readily triggered condemnation. This article employs semantic theory and affect theory to gain a fuller perspective on Jesus’s λύπη. It surveys the use of λυπ- words in ancient sources, classifies Jesus’s λύπη as ‘deep despair’, and highlights how the emotion was widely regarded as unacceptable for an honorable person, let alone a messiah. Finally, it traces allusions to the emotion within the passion narrative and offers suggestions for interpretation, including the irony that Jesus’s seemingly irredeemable qualities allow him to identify with those in emotional turmoil and more fully become Israel’s Immanuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term “woke” is increasingly used by right-wing political actors to designate left-liberal political positions that they oppose. In this article, I examine how three prominent reactionary influencers on YouTube—Jordan Peterson, Ben Shapiro, and Dave Rubin—construct wokeness as a figure of hate, ridicule, and fear, a gendered and sexualised other against which they produce a sense of community for their viewers. Where these YouTubers previously framed the left through the distinct figures of the “social justice warrior” and the “cultural Marxist,” wokeness collapses the two together, combining the former’s irrational ridiculousness and the latter’s conspiratorial subversiveness into a singular, all-encompassing enemy. In doing so, the YouTubers construct an affectively charged crisis narrative—wokeness threatens social stability so must be expelled, a call for not only the elimination of woke ideas but also the trans and gender nonconforming people whom they position as wokeness’s embodiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial emotional expressions are crucial in face-to-face social interactions, and recent findings have highlighted their interactive nature. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This electroencephalography study investigated whether the interactive exchange of facial expressions modulates socio-emotional processing. Participants (N  = 41) displayed a facial emotional expression (angry, neutral, or happy) toward a virtual agent, and the agent then responded with a further emotional expression (angry or happy) or remained neutral (control condition). We assessed subjective experience (valence, arousal), facial EMG (Zygomaticus, Corrugator), and event-related potentials (EPN, LPP) elicited by the agent's response. Replicating previous findings, we found that an agent's happy facial expression was experienced as more pleasant and elicited increased Zygomaticus activity when participants had initiated the interaction with a happy compared to an angry expression. At the neural level, angry expressions resulted in a greater LPP than happy expressions, but only when participants directed an angry or happy, but not a neutral, expression at the agent. These findings suggest that sending an emotional expression increases salience and enhances the processing of received emotional expressions, indicating that an interactive setting alters brain responses to social stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationships between humans and animals in Iraqi prose fiction from the 1940s and 1950s. It argues that Iraqi authors wrote about animals to underline not only the inhumane conditions in the nation's rural regions but also the inhumanity of urban existence, which was associated with greed, deception, the absence of family and ethical values, and social death. More specifically, the article studies two short stories: ʿAbd al-Malik Nūrī's (1921–1992) "The South Wind" ("Rīḥ al-janūb"), and Shalōm (Shālūm) Darwīsh's (1913–1997) "A Convoy from the Countryside" ("Qāfilah min al-rīf"). Both stories suggest that animals have emotions, and in both, the act of urbanization involves a woman's sacrifice of an animal. The pairing of these two stories accentuates the need for class-based, anti-sectarian and ecocritical readings of Iraqi narrative prose. Reading texts written by Iraqis of various religions liberates such texts from impositions created by nationalists and from their insistence on allegorical meanings. What determines the humans' fate in these stories is not their religion but rather their environment, their dwelling in southern Iraq, their relation to capital (and lack thereof), their family relations, and the very meaningful roles animals play in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) helps track the identity and location of people during social interactions. Previous work showed better VSWM when all faces at encoding displayed a happy compared to an angry expression, reflecting a prosocial preference for monitoring who was where. However, social environments are not typically uniform, and certain expressions may more strongly compete for and bias face monitoring according to valence and/or arousal properties. Here, we used heterogeneous encoding displays in which two faces shared one emotion and two shared another, and asked participants to relocate a central neutral probe face after a blank delay. When considering the emotion of the probed face independently of the co-occurring emotion at encoding, an overall happy benefit was replicated. However, accuracy was modulated by the nonprobed emotion, with a relocation benefit for angry over sad, happy over fearful, and sad over happy faces. These effects did not depend on encoding fixation time, stimulus arousal, perceptual similarity, or response bias. Thus, emotional competition for faces in VSWM is complex and appears to rely on more than simple arousal- or valence-biased mechanisms. We propose a "social value (SV)" account to better explain when and why certain emotions may be prioritized in VSWM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crew-reducing exhibits promise for various benefits in the aviation industry. However, there is limited understanding regarding public acceptance. Using an experimental design deployed with a vignette-based online study, we investigated individuals' negative emotion, trust, risk acceptance, and willingness to ride toward Single Pilot Operations (SPO) and Dual Pilot Operations (DPO). Results established that people preferred DPO flights, relying on affect heuristic. Specifically, people's negative emotion associated with SPO decreases their trust, which subsequently results in lower levels of willingness to ride and risk acceptance. Furthermore, we observed that people are less likely to accept risk evoked by intelligent autonomous system in DPO flights, which likely due to their psychological model about two pilots in the cockpit. Findings from this research highlight the importance of users' initially positive affects about intelligent equipment in the cockpit. Other theoretical and practical implications for narrowing the acceptable gap between SPO and DPO are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The relationship between preschool children's theory of mind (ToM) and anxiety symptoms is theoretically crucial and practically applicable. While ToM and anxiety play crucial roles in social interactions, their effects are often opposites. This study aims to examine the relationship between ToM skills and anxiety in typically developing preschoolers.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human–animal interaction (HAI) is a growing interest research area, especially in relation to human wellbeing. There is a lack of theoretical framework to base human behaviour in horse-human interactions, and often assumptions of 'traditionalism' are touted as an explanation for human choices in relation to horse activities. Twenty-one highly involved dressage horse owners ranging in age, experience, and professional affiliation with horses were interviewed in an inductive qualitative approach. Analysis resulted in two core themes centred on becoming a horse-owner and maintaining ownership. The horse ownership motivation (HOM) model is anchored in self-determination theory and explains why horse-human interactions bring psychological satisfaction; supplemented by attachment theory, achievement goal theory, and biophilia hypothesis. Consequently, the HOM model explains motivation to become an owner and maintain ownership over time, and provides a novel theoretical framework in which to base further research into human motivation, wellbeing, and experiences of human–animal interactions, and potentially the animals themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After COVID-19, organic products and services have been gaining attention from customers. However, despite the growth of the organic industry, studies on customer behavior are limited in the product context. A conceptual model is constructed to examine customers' perceived consciousness, positive emotion, and active participation intention. Data are collected from a sample of 204 organic restaurant customers in the United States. The findings show that customers' perceived health and environmental consciousness have a significant influence on both their emotions and active participation intention toward organic restaurants. Additionally, this study finds a moderating impact of consumers' level of knowledge of organic foods in the relationship between consumers' cognition, affect, and conation. This study provides useful insights for organic food service providers to create positive consumer behavior by cultivating products and services in healthier and more environmentally friendly ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shift work nurses suffered great stress and emotion dysregulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpersonal emotion regulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, often facilitated through confiding. It has been suggested that medical staff benefit from confiding, with the act of reflecting on the social support gained from confiding being associated with higher well-being. Consequently, we hypothesized that thinking about the social support derived from confiding about work-related hassles could enhance emotion regulation and well-being in shift work nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intervention "thinking about the social support obtained from confiding about work-related hassles" on shift work nurses' emotion regulation and self-perceived well-being. An online randomized controlled trial was conducted with 66 shift work nurses, including 34 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group, to assess the impact of an 8-week confiding intervention focused on thinking about the social support obtained from confiding. The results indicated that the intervention significantly improved the interpersonal emotion regulation of shift work nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group. In terms of intrapersonal emotion regulation, the intervention appeared to reduce the cognitive reappraisal in the intervention group; however, there was no significant difference in cognitive reappraisal or expressive inhibition between the intervention group and control group. Furthermore, self-rated general health and sleep quality showed significant improvement in the intervention group compared to pre-test levels, but no significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, the online confiding intervention effectively enhanced interpersonal emotion regulation among shift work nurses. However, its effects on intrapersonal emotion regulation were not significant. Similarly, while participants in the intervention group reported improved self-rated general health and sleep quality, these improvements did not significantly differ from those in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People often visit natural settings for recreation and psychological restoration. This study aims to improve understanding of how exposure to and experiences of mammalian wildlife in local natural settings can permit and promote recreation and restoration. Randomly sampled residents in three regions of Sweden (N = 303) with varying presence of fear-relevant species (wolf, wild boar) and fear-irrelevant species (roe deer, squirrel) completed a questionnaire. Squirrel and roe deer were rated significantly higher than wolf and wild boar for anticipated positive feelings and restoration outcomes, and significantly lower for negative feelings and avoidance of natural settings. The possibility of exposure explained little of the variation in the restoration variables, whereas the experiences anticipated with an animal encounter contributed substantially to explanation. Vulnerability seems to counteract the restorative benefit of fascination. Wildlife conservation efforts and public health initiatives may find practical utility in distinguishing between potential exposure and anticipated experience when designing interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, language portraits (LPs) have emerged as a valuable tool for visually representing multilingual learners' linguistic repertoires. However, previous studies have primarily relied on traditional methods of inviting participants to sketch their language portraits on paper using pens and crayons. In this paper, we propose the use of digital methods to collect and analyze data on language portraits to examine the translingual practices and negotiations of meaning among multilingual individuals. By utilizing Synchronic Computer-Mediated Communication platforms, participants can actively deploy and mobilize multi-linguistic and multi-semiotic resources in lived experiences, engaging in interactive translanguaging practices. In this particular case study, data were collected through a biographic survey and a sketch of the language portraits in digital form, which were then further supported by follow-up interviews. Four participants' LPs and oral narratives during the interviews were then subjected to qualitative multimodal analysis and discourse analysis. The results revealed that these digital language portraits (DLPs) possess significant features such as digital affordance and multimodality. They tap into the translanguaging spaces that emerge from the creative and critical meaning-making process, enabling multilingual individuals to visualize their linguistic repertoires through digital visual strategies. Furthermore, it was discovered that DLPs can foster creative performance and discursive negotiations, thereby enhancing participants' expressive abilities in developing their language perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents findings from a qualitative study exploring parents' struggles over their children's education. Drawing on affective practice theory (Wetherell 2012) and feminist care ethics (Fisher and Tronto 1990), we offer insights into the affective practices of care driving parents' educational activism. We detail how parents' activism is rooted in both powerful feelings of parental responsibility and wider, more altruistic concerns. We argue that parents' activism disrupts the binary between altruism and self-interest, indicating instead they can be mutually constitutive of collective action; a complex form of affective practice we designate altruistic self-interest. Our analysis suggests parental activism can be a force for progressive educational change in which care for intimates and care for others coincide, but also that educational authorities might adopt a more care-full approach when making key decisions affecting children, families and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human emotional expressions can communicate the emotional state of the expresser, but they can also communicate appeals to perceivers. For example, sadness expressions such as crying request perceivers to aid and support, and anger expressions such as shouting urge perceivers to back off. Some contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) systems can mimic human emotional expressions in a (more or less) realistic way, and they are progressively being integrated into our daily lives. How should we respond to them? Do we have reasons to reply to the appeals made by AI emotional expressions? In this paper, we examine the conditions under which AI emotional expressions could give us prudential or even moral reasons to change our behavior. We argue that these conditions do not depend on whether the emotional expression is genuine or not, but rather on the presence of features some of which can be implemented in emotive AI given our current level of technological development. We extract recommendations and warnings for the development of emotive AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotive artificial intelligences are physically or virtually embodied entities whose behavior is driven by artificial intelligence, and which use expressions usually associated with emotion to enhance communication. These entities are sometimes thought to be deceptive, insofar as their emotive expressions are not connected to genuine underlying emotions. In this paper, I argue that such entities are indeed deceptive, at least given a sufficiently broad construal of deception. But, while philosophers and other commentators have drawn attention to the deceptive threat of emotive artificial intelligences, I argue that such entities also pose an overlooked skeptical threat. In short, the widespread existence of emotive signals disconnected from underlying emotions threatens to encourage skepticism of such signals more generally, including emotive signals used by human persons. Thus, while designing artificially intelligent entities to use emotive signals is thought to facilitate human-AI interaction, this practice runs the risk of compromising human-human interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some researchers have theorized that emotions while reading science texts influence learning in a wholistic way, such that overall positive or negative affect leads to different learning outcomes. Other researchers have envisioned that emotions fluctuate during reading such that the degree of cycling impacts the learning outcomes. In this study, participants read both expository and refutational science texts sentence-by-sentence. They described how each sentence made them feel and why. They completed the Force Concept Inventory before and after reading. The amount of positive emotions predicted conceptual growth for both types of texts. Students who tended to switch their emotions more often and had a variety of emotions also tended to learn more than other students. These results suggest that both types of theories could be true. An overall positive affect might be best, but the most effective students cycle through short periods of negative emotions as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that middle‐ and upper‐class, primarily white, women can relieve their workload and resolve family conflicts by relying on the labor of poor and/or racialized women or accessing services that facilitate their foodwork. However, the spreading of COVID‐19 and the necessity of social distancing have temporarily made the access of these facilitators difficult or impossible. Since women have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic consequences on the sexual division of labor, this paper examines how the pandemic affects women's emotional experience with domestic foodwork in Brazil. Drawing from the 588 upper‐ and middle‐class women's responses to an online survey, we have identified six emotional experiences influenced by the pandemic: (1) obligation, (2) overload, (3) fear, (4) safety, (5) relaxation, and (6) family time appreciation. However, the changes caused by the sanitary crises do not explain alone the new emotions experienced with domestic foodwork. Class and gender can interfere or potentialize how women feel about it during the pandemic. Obligation, overload, and fear were enhanced when the participants could not access services that were used to relieve their foodwork burden, especially when faced with an unequal sexual division of labor. In turn, safety, relaxation, and family time appreciation were facilitated by a better dynamic of domestic tasks sharing alongside the certainty to access good quality food. By analyzing these factors, this paper enhances the theoretical understanding of contextual and situational domestic foodwork emotional experience because it observes the outcomes of critical reduction of networks that used to sustain this practice involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacity to change with experience infuses our perceptions, thoughts, and actions in and about the past, present, and future. The cognitive system supporting this capacity for change can be exquisitely responsive to external events and yet can influence how those external events affect us. This interplay between the external and internal has been a major theme of my lab group's research. We proposed that the fundamental ambiguity of subjective experience requires ongoing reality monitoring processes for evaluating its veridicality and proposed a source monitoring framework for exploring the encoding, activation, and evaluation of information. We further proposed a functional architecture, a multiple-entry modular memory system, that characterizes component subprocesses of cognition that give rise to remembering and other subjective phenomena (e.g., knowledge, beliefs, emotion, consciousness, self). I first discuss these approaches and some issues they address and then describe some educational and professional experiences that provided opportunities to investigate this fascinating epistemological puzzle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interoception, the sensing of internal bodily signals, is intricately linked with the experience of emotions. Various theoretical models of emotion incorporate aspects of interoception as a fundamental component alongside higher-order processes such as the appraisal of internal signals guided by external context. Interoception can be delineated into different dimensions, which include the nature of afferent signals, the accuracy with which they can be sensed, their neural processing, and the higher-order interpretation of these signals. This review methodically evaluates these interoceptive dimensions through empirical research to illustrate their role in shaping emotions. Clinical and neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by altered emotional profiles, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, emotionally unstable personality disorder, and autism, exhibit distinct changes in interoception. Various therapeutic approaches, including behavioral, pharmacological, and psychological strategies, may be efficacious for treating conditions associated with emotional alterations by targeting interoceptive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the significant practical value impulsive buying brings to destinations, it has increasingly become a popular topic in tourist behavior research. However, few studies have examined how practitioners can sway tourists to engage in impulsive buying. This paper explores a possible strategy for practitioners by testing the effect of endorsers' emotions (excitement vs. calmness) on the tourists' arousal levels and their subsequent impulsive buying. In three experimental studies (including an actual behavioral study), we show that exciting (vs. calm) endorsement causes tourists to feel more aroused, which results in higher impulsive buying, manifested by unplanned purchases in both restaurants (Study 1) and hotels (Study 3), and actual impulsive purchases of special local products (Study 2). Moreover, the effect disappears when the tourists have a limited (vs. expanded) time horizon. Based on these findings, tourism marketers could choose and train endorsers for their products and services promotion accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People have beliefs about the unacceptability of the expression and experience of negative emotions. These beliefs affect psychological health and can have a negative effect on the treatment and symptoms of people with mental disorders and medically unexplained symptoms. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES‐J) and evaluate its reliability and validity. In an online survey, participants with fibromyalgia (n = 226) and healthy controls (n = 184) completed the BES‐J and questionnaires concerning perfectionism, dysfunctional attitudes, depression, anxiety, pain, disability, well‐being, interdependent happiness, and loneliness. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the BES‐J comprised a one‐factor structure, identical to the original. The BES‐J had good internal consistency (.89) and showed a significant correlation with the questionnaires. The BES‐J showed good internal reliability, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability. The present study suggests that the Japanese version of the BES is appropriate for use with Japanese speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perception of emotion conveyed through language is influenced by embodied experiences obtained from social interactions, which may vary across different cultures. To explore cross-cultural differences in the perception of emotion between Chinese and English speakers, this study collected norms of valence and arousal from 322 native Mandarin speakers for 4923 Chinese words translated from Warriner et al., (Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1191–1207, 2013). Additionally, sensory experience ratings for each word were collected. Analysis demonstrated that the reliability of this dataset is satisfactory, as indicated by comparisons with previous datasets. We examined the distributions of valence and arousal for the entire dataset, as well as for positive and negative emotion categories. Further analysis suggested that valence, arousal, and sensory experience correlated with various psycholinguistic variables, including the number of syllables, number of strokes, imageability, familiarity, concreteness, frequency, and age of acquisition. Cross-language comparison indicated that native speakers of Chinese and English differ in their perception of emotional valence and arousal, largely due to cross-cultural variations associated with ecological, sociopolitical, and religious factors. This dataset will be a valuable resource for research examining the impact of emotional and sensory information on Chinese lexical processing, as well as for bilingual research investigating the interplay between language and emotion across different cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently, we perceive emotional information through multiple channels (e.g., face, voice, posture). These cues interact, facilitating emotional perception when congruent (similar across channels) compared to incongruent (different). Most previous studies on this congruency effect used stimuli from different sets, compromising their quality. In this context, we created and validated a new static stimulus set (ECIFBSS) featuring 1952 facial and body expressions of basic emotions in congruent and incongruent situations. We photographed 40 actors expressing facial emotions and body postures (anger, disgust, happiness, neutral, fear, surprise, and sadness) in both congruent and incongruent situations. The validation was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 76 participants performed a recognition task on facial and bodily expressions separately. In the second part, 40 participants performed the same recognition task, along with an evaluation of four features: intensity, authenticity, arousal, and valence. All emotions (face and body) were well recognized. Consistent with the literature, facial emotions were recognized better than body postures. Happiness was the most recognized facial emotion, while fear was the least. Among body expressions, anger had the highest recognition, while disgust was the least accurately recognized. Finally, facial and bodily expressions were considered moderately authentic, and the evaluation of intensity, valence, and arousal aligned with the dimensional model. The ECIFBSS offers static stimuli for studying facial and body expressions of basic emotions, providing a new tool to explore integrating emotional information from various channels and their reciprocal influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most current databases for bodily emotion expression are created in Western countries, resulting in culturally skewed representations. To address the obvious risk this bias poses to academic comprehension, we attempted to expand the current repertoire of human bodily emotions by recruiting Asian professional performers to wear whole-body suits with 57 retroreflective markers attached to major joints and body segments, and express seven basic emotions with whole-body movements in a motion-capture lab. For each emotion, actors performed three self-created scenarios that covered a broad range of real-life events to elicit the target emotion within 2–5 seconds. Subsequently, a separate group of participants was invited to judge the perceived emotional category from the extracted biological motions (point-light displays with 18 or 57 markers). The results demonstrated that the emotion discrimination accuracy was comparable to Western databases containing standardized performance scenarios. The results provide a significant step toward establishing a database using a novel emotional induction approach based on personalized scenarios. This database will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of emotional expression across diverse contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revealing minority sexual orientation to others, or coming out, can be emotionally arousing and challenging. Yet, few studies have examined the role of emotions in sexual orientation self-disclosure. Based on cognitive coming-out message production and emotion theories, we predict that the salience of disclosure goals and relational power are two foundational antecedents to cognitive appraisals of emotions (i.e. disclosure uncertainty and perceived threat of disclosure), which predict anxiety and fear. Emotions then predict the assessment of disclosure efficacy, which in turn predicts degrees of self-disclosure. Results (N = 301 U.S. LGBQ adults) showed that more salient disclosure goals, directly and indirectly, predicted higher degrees of self-disclosure via disclosure uncertainty, anxiety and fear, and disclosure efficacy. Relational power positively predicted degrees of self-disclosure via perceived threat, fear, and disclosure efficacy. Thus, anxiety and fear are an integral part of the underlying mechanisms accounting for the message process of coming out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 9% of people think about suicide during their lifetime. Suicidal thoughts are consistently associated with perceived failures in emotion regulation. However, factors contributing to these perceptions remain insufficiently clear. New evidence suggests that when people know little about the cause of their emotions (i.e., low source attribution of emotion), they perceive themselves as less successful in regulating them. Therefore, emotion regulation deficits in people with suicidal thoughts might be related to lower knowledge about sources of emotions. We examined this question in two ecological momentary assessment studies (N1 = 396, N2 = 195). We found that participants with current suicidal thoughts knew less about the sources of their emotions compared to participants with no suicidal thoughts history (Studies 1 and 2), and even when compared to controls with similar levels of psychiatric symptoms but no history of suicidal thoughts (Study 2). Using language processing, we found that written descriptions of the source of participants' emotions were less concrete among those with suicidal thoughts compared to participants with no suicidal thoughts history. Among suicidal participants, suicidal thoughts were more likely to be present in moments when participants knew less than usual about the source of their negative emotions (Study 2), and low knowledge of the source was associated with more frequent and prolonged suicidal thoughts (Studies 1 and 2). Finally, lower perceived success in emotion regulation mediated the association between source attribution of emotion and the occurrence of suicidal thoughts. Findings suggest that reduced knowledge about the source of negative emotions might increase the risk for suicidal thinking. General Scientific Summary: This study suggests that people with current suicidal thoughts know less about the source of their negative emotions compared to people without suicidal thoughts. It also suggests that in moments when people with suicidal thoughts know less than usual about the source of their negative emotions, they are more likely to think about suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research on the Second Indochina War, or the ‘Vietnam War’, largely focuses on memory narratives of prominent figures and institutions while overlooking lived experiences of Vietnamese people. Drawing primarily on cultural geographical knowledge of memory and home, this paper explores how Vietnamese people – in Việt Nam and abroad – live through memories of the War across places and times. Specifically, this paper adopts autoethnography and storytelling to tell candid stories of how my Vietnamese Australian family experiences, feels, and constructs war memories within our homes in Việt Nam and Australia. These stories provide evocative insights into the domestic geographies of intergenerational and transnational war memories, and the emotional complexities related to place-based pasts and presents. Overall, this paper contributes to understanding of the cultural geographies of memory, place, emotion, and home, as well as enhances the shift towards storytelling, personal and family histories, and (auto)ethnography as potent conceptual and methodological frameworks to study micro-political memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers a disjunctivist solution to the paradox of tragedy. The first part of the paper defends a version of disjunctivism as that doctrine is understood in the epistemology of perception, and contrasts it with its rival, conjunctivism. In the second part of the paper, it is argued that the traditional paradox of tragedy—the question why tragedy gives pleasure—can be solved by adopting a disjunctivist approach to the relevant felt emotions. The tragic audience does not really feel 'sorrow, terror, anxiety' (so Hume), but simulacra thereof, emotions which resemble the originals in certain respects but which have quite different connections with action. A conjunctivist approach to the paradox discerns a 'highest common factor' in both non-fictional and fictional scenarios: but this is not only phenomenologically implausible; it decouples the agent from the actions that are essentially keyed to particular emotions, and so splits the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both lay people and philosophers assume that hoping for something implies imagining it. According to contemporary philosophical accounts of hope, hope involves an element of imagination as input, part, or output of hope. However, there is no systematic view of the interaction between hope and the different processes constituting imagination. In this paper we put forward a view of (i) the kind of imaginings typically triggered by hopeful states, (ii) the nature of the interaction between hope and hopeful imaginings, and (iii) the epistemic value of imagining out of hope. We argue that a paradigmatic output of hope is an immersive kind of cognitive imagination. Additionally, justified hopes constrain our immersive imaginings in such a way as to provide them with a specific epistemic value. Hopeful imaginings are not mere fantasies or wishful thinking; they constitute valuable experiences we can learn from and rely on in planning our future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to explore the role played by ambiguity in the experience of creepiness, as well as the relevance of personality traits for predicting individual differences in susceptibility to getting "creeped out," In an online study, a mixed sample of 278 college undergraduates and adults (60 males, 206 females, 12 nonbinary or chose not to report; Mean age = 31.43, range 18-68) recruited through social network platforms filled out scales measuring their tolerance for ambiguity and their susceptibility to having "Not Just Right Experiences." They then rated 25 images (12 normal, 13 prejudged to be creepy or confusing) on creepiness and several other adjective dimensions. The findings indicated that individuals who were less tolerant of ambiguity and those highly susceptible to not just right experiences perceived ambiguous or creepy persons, places, and objects to be more creepy, confusing and disturbing. Both measures were negatively related to time spent looking at confusing or creepy images, and females were generally more easily creeped out by creepy and confusing images than were males. The results support the conclusion that current models of creepiness are correct; the emotional experience of getting "creeped out" does indeed appear to be triggered by the need to resolve ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated reasoning can serve to help resolve emotional discomfort, which suggests emotion as a likely moderator of such reasoning. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by examining emotion and confirmation bias in the political domain. Results from two preregistered studies, which involved over 900 unique participants, document a confirmation bias across distinct dimensions of belief and preference formation. Also, ideologically dissonant information significantly worsens self‐reported emotion. With some exceptions, the evidence generally supports the hypothesis that negative emotion moderates the strength of the bias, which highlights the importance of emotion response in understanding and potentially counteracting confirmation bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The relationship between perception of harm, emotional valence in movement images, and their impact on disability in shoulder pain. Perception of harm correlates with disability. Recent studies highlight an interplay between pain perception and emotional responses. This necessitates a thorough investigation into how beliefs and motivational influences respond to visual stimuli of movements. Such an analysis is crucial for understanding the extent to which these factors contribute to disability levels associated with shoulder pain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the perception of harm and the valence in images depicting shoulder movements and determine how these perceptions are linked to disability levels associated with shoulder pain. This cross-sectional study recruited 42 individuals with chronic shoulder pain. Participants were presented with 58 shoulder movements images. Each participant evaluated these images for emotional valence and arousal using the self-assessment manikin. For every image, they provided their level of avoidance, fear, and perception of harm in a numerical scale. We measured disability levels and pain catastrophizing using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. A direct acyclic graph was used. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with shoulder disability as the dependent variable and perception of harm and valence as independent variables, adjusted for the confounders catastrophizing and arousal. This analysis resulted in a significant model (F 4,37 = 11.44; adjusted R 2 = 0.547; P < 0.01). The perception of harm to shoulder movement (β = 0.11; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval = 5.6-11.8) was significantly associated with the level of shoulder disability, whereas valence did not show a significant association (β = 0.26; P = 0.15; 95% confidence interval = 1.7-10.8). The perception of harm associated with shoulder movements images during daily activities was associated with disability. Individuals who believe that shoulder movements are harmful have greater disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines a state-level response to national political movements to decentre whiteness in American social studies education. Aiming to better understand how emotions systemically sustain and build connections to whiteness, this emotion discourse analysis examined how fear and hope shaped the content of and support for legislation mandating a race-evasive approach to teaching in public schools. Fear of what learning about racism might provoke and disrupt was a driving force behind the policy. Despite emotion discourses resisting the policies and identifying the harm such censorship would cause for students and education more broadly, the policy became law laying the foundation for further policy moves to protect whiteness in education spaces. This research highlights the need for social studies curricula that expand students' capacity to identify and analyse the social and political significance of emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]