Search

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301369.].

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of time-restricted eating (TRE), with or without high intensity functional training (HIFT), on body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers among inactive women with obesity.MethodsSixty-four women (BMI = 35.03 ± 3.8 kg/m2; age = 32.1 ± 10 years) were randomly allocated to either: (1) TRE (≤8-h daily eating window, with ad libitum energy intake) group; (2) HIFT (3 sessions/week) group; or (3) TRE combined with HIFT (TRE-HIFT) group. The interventions lasted 12 weeks with a pre-post measurement design. A HIFT session consists of 8 sets of multiple functional exercises with self-selected intensity (20 or 30s work/10s rest).ResultsTRE-HIFT showed a greater decrease of waist and hip circumferences and fat mass compared to TRE (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and pConclusionIn inactive women with obesity, combining TRE with HIFT can be a good strategy to induce superior effects on body composition, lipid profile and glucose regulation compared with either diet or exercise intervention alone.Trial registrationClinical Trials Number: PACTR202301674821174.

Hospital effluent (HE) is one of the most important sources of pharmaceuticals released into the environment. This kind of pollution is a recognized problem for both human health and aquatic life. Consequently, in the present study, we assessed the effects of untreated hospital effluent on mice via biochemical and histopathological determinations. Female mice were given free access to water bottles containing untreated HE at different dilutions for 21 days. Then clinical biochemistry and histopathology evaluation were conducted. Serum biochemistry analysis showed the presence of significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, glycaemia and total bilirubin. However, phosphatase alkaline and urea activities have been significantly decreased compared to the control group. No significant variation was observed for the rest of the studied parameters (high-density lipoproteins; low-density lipoproteins and uric acid). Additionally, multiple alterations, including cellular necrosis, leucocyte infiltration and congestion, were observed in different tissues of mice exposed to the tested HE. HIGHLIGHTS Hospital effluent (HE) exposure did not influence the total body weight of mice.; Sub-chronic exposure to the HE disturbed biochemical parameters in mice.; Histological abnormalities were observed in mice liver, kidney and heart sections.; Effluent toxicology.; Water contamination.;

Abstract Background Nutritional choices, which include the source of dietary fatty acids (FA), have an important significant impact on coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to determine on patients with CAD the relationships between Trans fatty acids (Trans FA) and different CAD associated parameters such as inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in addition to Gensini score as a vascular severity index. Methods Fatty acid profiles were established by gas chromatography from 111 CAD patients compared to 120 age-matched control group. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters and Gensini score were studied. Results Our study showed a significant decrease of the antioxidant parameters levels such as erythrocyte glutathione peroxydase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, plasma antioxidant status (FRAP) and thiol (SH) groups in CAD patients. On the other hand, catalase activity, conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde were increased. Plasmatic and erythrocyte Trans FA were also increased in CAD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, divergent associations of these Trans FA accumulations were observed with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio, Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipid peroxidation parameters, high-sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Gensini score. Especially, elaidic acid (C18:1 trans 9), trans C18:2 isomers and trans 11 eicosanoic acid are correlated with these parameters. Trans FA are also associated with oxidative stress, confirmed by a positive correlation between C20:1 trans 11 and GPx in erythrocytes. Conclusions High level of Trans FA was highly associated with the induction of inflammation, oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation which appear to be based on the vascular severity and might be of interest to assess the stage and progression of atherosclerosis. The measurement of these Trans FA would be of great value for the screening of lipid metabolism disorders in CAD patients.

Abstract Background Some factors related to diet are known to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in humans. Methods The relationship between plasma fatty acid (FA) levels and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), evaluated by Gensini score (GS), was investigated in CAD Tunisian patients compared to controls. Lipid profiles were analyzed, GS was calculated in CAD and non-CAD patients and compared to controls. Results CAD patients showed an alteration of conventional lipid parameters. In fact, a significant increase of plasmatic triglycerides (TG) level, atherogenic lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C,TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C); and ApoB/ApoA1 was observed in the CAD group comparatively to controls (p

Objectives: We purpose to verify if paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity may be a marker of cardiovascular risk in a young Tunisian population with type 1 diabetes (T1D)., Methods: PON1 activity was measured by a kinetic method using paraoxon as substrate. The other parameters were determined by automated methods., Results: One hundred and nine children and adolescents with T1D and 97 healthy subjects were involved in this study. PON1 activity and PON1/HDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly decreased in diabetics (303 ± 174 vs. 372 ± 180 U/L and 221 ± 139 vs. 298 ± 20 1U/mmol, P=0.006, P=0.002, respectively) compared to controls. A significant increase in total cholesterol, LDL-c and microalbuminuria was observed in diabetics compared to controls. PON1 activity was decreased by 9.5% in patients with diabetes duration ≥ 6 years, by 28.4% for those with fasting glycemia ≥ 7 mmol/L (P<0.001), by 14% in those with HbA1c ≥ 8% and by 12.3% for diabetics with dyslipidemia. PON1 activity is reduced when the number of cardiovascular risk factors increases (P<0.001)., Conclusion: PON1 seems to be associated to cardiovascular risk markers in T1D. This result remains to be seen. Nevertheless, improving PON1 activity could be a significant target for reducing cardiovascular risk., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Currently, for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, we search risk factors and measure bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA method. However, bone turnover markers, unused still in practice, have shown an interest especially in the prediction of fracture risk. aim: To determine the relationship between bone markers, BMD and osteoporotic fracture. methods: Prospective study of 65 women referred for measure of BMD during the period between May and August 2010. Each patient had a dosage of serum bone formation markers: osteocalcin (OC) and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and bone resorption markers: serum and urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX or CrossLaps) as well as parathyroid hormone and calcium. Risk factors of osteoporosis were identified in each case. results: Our 65 women had a mean age of 58.6 ± 12.1 years. The majority (83%) were menopausal women. Osteoporosis was found in 52%, osteopenia 26% and normal BMD 22% of cases. An increase in bone turnover markers was correlated with menopause (p = 0. 001 for the OC, p = 0.016 for urinary CTX), a low body mass index (p = 0.015 for OC, p = 0.042 for serum CTX) and osteoporosis (p <0.001 for P1NP, p <0.001 for serum and urinary CTX). Corticosteroid therapy was correlated with a decrease in bone formation markers (p = 0.002 for P1NP). The presence of fracture was only associated with increased urinary CTX (p = 0.05)., Conclusion: Bone turnover markers increase in menopausal women and in case of low BMD. However, their contribution in the diagnosis of osteoporosis is low. They are rather an interest in the prediction of fracture risk.

Leu162Val PPAR α and Pro12Ala PPAR γ 2 were investigated for their individual and their interactive impact on MS and renal functionality (RF). 522 subjects were investigated for biochemical and anthropometric measurements. The diagnosis of MS was based on the IDF definition (2009). The HOMA 2 was used to determine HOMA- β , HOMA-S and HOMA-IR from FPG and FPI concentrations. RF was assessed by estimating the GFR. PCR-RFLP was performed for DNA genotyping. Allele frequencies were 0.845 for Pro and 0.155 for Ala, and were 0.915 for Leu and 0.085 for Val. We showed that carriers of the PPAR α Val 162 allele had lower urea, UA and higher GFR compared to those homozygous for the Leu162 allele. Subjects carried by PPAR γ 2Ala allele had similar results. They also had reduced FPG, FPI and HOMA-IR, and elevated HOMA- β and HOMA-S compared to those homozygous for the Pro allele. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the combinations of genetic alleles of the 2 polymorphisms. Subjects carrying the Leu/Val with an Ala allele had lower FPG, PPI, HOMA-IR, urea, UA levels, higher HOMA- β , HOMA-S and GFR than different genotype combinations. Leu162Val PPAR α and Pro12Ala PPAR γ 2 can interact with each other to modulate glucose and insulin homeostasis and expand their association with overall better RF.

Objective: To test whether increasing dietary calcium intake prevents calcium oxalate stone formation when the diet is oxalate-rich. Material and methods. Four groups, eight rats in each, were subjected to a lithogenic diet by the addition of 0.5% ethylene glycol to drinking water for 3 weeks. The first group, used as a control, simultaneously received a standard diet. The second group was supplemented with calcium at 500 mg/100 g of diet and the third group with oxalate at 3 g/100 g of diet. The diet given to the last group was supplemented with similar doses of calcium and oxalate. One day before the end of treatment, each animal was placed in a metabolic cage to collect 24-h urine samples and determine urinary parameters. The kidneys were removed to determine calcium oxalate deposits and for histological examination., Results: The number of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tissue was highest in the oxalate group and calcium oxalate deposits were also found to be elevated in this group. Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia, induced by a oxalate-rich diet, seemed to be the major causes contributing to aggravated renal stone formation. The protective effect of dietary calcium supplementation, which was clear in the calcium + oxalate group, was probably due to intestinal binding of oxalate by calcium, thereby reducing urinary oxalate excretion., Conclusion: Increased dietary calcium intake can prevent calcium oxalate stone formation only when the diet is oxalate-rich.