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Metastases from prostate cancer (PCa) to the penis are extremely rare, and few case reports exist in the literature. Because most patients usually present with multiple distant metastases at diagnosis, the prognosis is very poor. With the wide application of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT, penile metastases may be detected at an early stage. Thus, questions regarding whether early diagnosis and precise treatment will equate to a survival advantage have recently been raised. In the present study, we reported 3 cases of penile metastasis from castration-resistant PCa. Moreover, a patient with asymptomatic penile metastases was diagnosed by 18F-PSMA PET/CT followed by lesion biopsy, and the prognosis was very well, despite with an aggressive pathological feature and low treatment intensity. In addition, we performed a literature review and found 62.5% of asymptomatic penile metastases were diagnosed by PSMA PET/CT in past seven years. Thus, we believe that PSMA PET/CT may detect more asymptomatic penile metastases in future, which led to early diagnosis, treatment and survival advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient stress response comprises both quick reactivity and rapid recovery. Studies have found an enhanced stress response in Chinese people with high interdependent self-construal (ISC). ISC is a personality trait that is well-matched with Chinese collectivistic culture, and whether they exhibit an efficient stress response has not been exclusively examined. We conducted a novel experiment to examine the stress response change rate in Chinese participants with varying levels of ISC，then performed a validation analysis against previous data to examine the reliability of current results. In our experiment, 84 healthy (42 high-ISC and 42 low-ISC), young, native Chinese were randomly assigned to either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), or the control condition. In the published study, 46 native Chinese participants (23 high-ISC and 23 low-ISC) had undergone the TSST. Data were collected throughout the two experiments. Compared to low-ISC participants, cortisol and subjective stress levels in high-ISC participants peaked sooner and declined rapidly, suggesting quick stress reactivity and rapid recovery. This finding was supported by the previous study. High-ISC individuals display an efficient stress response pattern, manifested by fast reactivity and rapid recovery, which may be adaptive in Chinese collectivistic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erodibility parameters of barrier dam were an important basis for the evaluation of the outburst flood in the emergency treatment of the dammed lake. The erosion rate was typically modeled with excess shear stress model and Wilson model. However, there is no unified understanding of the range of erodibility parameters. In order to study the range of erodibility parameters of various types of soils and the relationship between the erodibility parameters of two models and soil properties, quickly determine the erodibility parameters of the dam, a database of 279 test results were collected from the literature review as well as by contacting researchers and organizations working on erosion around the world. The samples were classified into coarse-grained and fine-grained soils according to the unified soil classification system. Correlation analysis and regression analysis of the data were used to obtain the relationship between the erodibility parameters and soil properties. Four measures were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the relationship between erodibility parameters and soil parameters for coarse-grained and fine- grained soils: R² MSE Fvalue/Fstatistic and cross-validation. The erodibility parameters obtained from the experimental data were compared with the erodibility parameters predicted by the regression equation, the range of erodibility parameters of different soil and correlation between erosion parameters and soil parameters were obtained. According to the erodibility parameters database, the regression equation of erodibility parameters were obtained through statistical analysis of limited soil parameters and erodibility parameters to quickly predict the erosion rate of the soil. Finally, taking Baige weir plug as an example, according to the erodibility parameter database and statistical relationship established in this study, the erodibility parameters and erosion rate were analyzed rapidly. The research findings can be used to quickly determine the erosion parameters of the dam plug body, and provide help for rapid assessment of the risk of burst flood under emergency conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

H2S is considered to be an important reductant in abiotic CO2 reduction to organics, however, almost no experimental support has been reported. Herein, the first observation of CO2 reduction to formate with H2S under alkaline hydrothermal conditions is reported, and water is found to act as a hydrogen donor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A lab‐scale hybrid membrane separation‐chemical absorption (MS‐CA) system for a post‐combustion process was implemented by combining a hollow‐fibre membrane module and a packed column in series. A solution‐diffusion model and double‐film theory were adopted to investigate the mass‐transfer performance of membrane separation and the chemical absorption process. To determine optimal operational conditions, experiments were conducted to investigate the mass transfer characteristics and CO2 removal of both mono‐staged systems. A hybrid MS‐CA method was studied to measure coupling characteristics and CO2 removal performance of the system. It was found that increasing the pressure and the temperature of the feed gas enhanced the CO2 diffusion property of the membrane module. For a packed column, mass transfer and carbon capture is affected by the liquid‐to‐gas ratio; TMEA = 40°C is considered the optimal condition. For a hybrid MS‐CA system, the optimal CO2 removal efficiency can reach 99.49% at the condition of Pf = 1 MPa, wMEA = 10 wt%. Improving the feed‐gas pressure will increase the CO2 absorption rate of the overall hybrid system. Compared with the mono‐staged method, the hybrid MS‐CA system has a higher stability and efficiency for the post‐combustion process, especially at a relatively low feed‐gas pressure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyldichlorosilane has been one of the most widely used monomers in the organic silicon industry chain, which can be synthesised through the methylchlorosilanes disproportionation reaction with the interchange of functional groups. In this research, the disproportionation mechanism catalysed by ZSM-5(3 T)@MIL-53(Al) and AlCl3/ZSM-5(3 T)@MIL-53(Al) core–shell catalysts were studied by using the hybrid functional method on the level of M06-2X/Def2-TZVP. The results showed that the two catalysts possessed different catalytic effect assigning to their different acidic active structures. The surface activity of ZSM-5(3 T)@MIL-53(Al) core–shell catalyst modified by AlCl3 transformed to Lewis acid center of Al–Cl bond with better disproportionation activity than before modification. Energy, frequency vibration and IRC calculations, bond level, ELF and LOL analyses were used to verify the reaction mechanism proposed in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high ash fusion temperature (AFT) coal char was gasified with steam and CO2under elevated pressure in a modified pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer. The ambient pressure varied from 0.5 MPa to 3 MPa. It was found that activation energyEa(char-CO2reaction) was from 214.19 kJ/mol to 240.35 kJ/mol, and activation energyEa(char-steam reaction) was from 170.02 kJ/mol to 174.02 kJ/mol by using shrinking core model. The factor of partial pressure influence (n) was 0.44 and 0.54 for CO2and steam gasification, respectively. The results proved that the high AFT coal (LJ coal) has poor gasification reactivity by comparing with other research and provided complete kinetic data for developing the entrained flow gasification technology using high AFT coal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Pathologic response is a crucial endpoint to assess the early efficacy of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT). • Not all high-risk localized prostate cancer could benefit from NCHT. • Androgen receptor and Ki-67 were predictors for a favorable pathologic response to NCHT. • Patients with low androgen receptor, high Ki-67 expression might more suitable for NCHT. To explore the clinical parameters and molecular biomarkers that can predict differential pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) in prostate cancer (CaP). A total of 128 patients with primary high-risk localized CaP who had received NCHT followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) were included. Androgen receptor (AR), AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) and Ki-67 staining were evaluated in prostate biopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry. The pathologic response to NCHT in whole mount RP specimens was measured based on the reduction degree of tumor volume and cellularity compared to the paired pretreatment needle biopsy, and divided into 5 tier grades (Grades 0–4). Patients with Grades 2 to 4 (the reduction degree more than 30%) were defined as having a favorable response. Logistic regression was performed to explore the predictive factors associated with a favorable pathologic response. The predictive accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Ninety-seven patients (75.78%) had a favorable response to NCHT. Logistic regression showed that the preoperative PSA level, low AR expression and high Ki-67 expression in biopsy specimens were associated with a favorable pathologic response (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the AUC of the preoperative PSA level, AR and Ki-67 were 0.625, 0.624 and 0.723, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the rate of favorable pathologic response to NCHT was 88.5% in patients with ARlowKi-67high, which was higher than patients with ARlowKi-67low, ARhighKi-67low, and ARhighKi-67high (88.5% vs. 73.9%, 72.9%, and 70.9%, all P < 0.05). A lower preoperative PSA level was an independent predictive factor for a favorable pathologic response. Moreover, the expression status of AR and Ki-67 in biopsy specimens were associated with differential pathologic response to NCHT, and AR low/Ki-67 high was also associated with favorable response but warrants further evaluation in this patient subgroup and future trial clinical trial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]