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This study examined whether temporal crowding-the impaired object identification when distracting objects precede and succeed it-occurs at the fovea and if so whether its magnitude is reduced. We presented a central sequence of three oriented items separated by relatively long intervals (200/400 ms) and used an orientation estimation task with mixture-model analyses. We found clear evidence of temporal crowding with central vision, even with 400 ms intervals. Critically, reduced encoding precision surfaced as a robust and unique characteristic of temporal crowding. The magnitude of central and peripheral temporal crowding was similar suggesting the involvement of higher visual areas. Precision impairment emerged even when only the target contained orientation information, excluding "response competition" as the sole interference mechanism; yet it was larger when all items included orientation information, underscoring the importance of orientation-selective mechanisms. Overall, we show that even with central simple stimuli, the formation of a stable visual representation is surprisingly slow. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Albinism is a spectrum disorder causing foveal hypoplasia, nystagmus, and hypopigmentation of the iris and fundus along with other visual deficits, which can all impact vision. Albinism is also associated with amblyogenic factors which could affect monocular visual acuity. The foveal appearance in albinism can range from mild foveal hypoplasia to that which is indistinguishable from the peripheral retina. The appearance can be quickly and easily graded using the Leicester Grading System in the clinic. However, interquartile ranges of 0.3 logMAR for the grades associated with albinism limit the accuracy of the grading system in predicting vision. Here, we discuss the potential role of nystagmus presenting evidence that it may not be a major source of variability in the prediction of visual acuity. We also show that interocular differences in visual acuity are low in albinism despite high levels of amblyogenic factors indicating that active suppression of vision in one eye in albinism is uncommon.

To quantify the choroidal structures of normal eyes by optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based binarization and evaluate the relationships among age, refractive power, and ocular axial length. This was a retrospective observational study. One hundred and eighty nine eyes of 189 subjects without ocular diseases were examined by enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT. A choroidal OCT horizontal image with a width of 1500 μm centered on the fovea was binarized. The lumen, stroma, and total choroidal area in the choriocapillaris (CC), Sattler's layer (SL), and Haller's layer (HL) were measured, and the ratio of the luminal area to total choroidal area (L/C ratio) was calculated. Multiple regression analysis was performed for choroidal parameters in each choroidal layer and for age, refractive power, and ocular axial length. Multiple regression analysis showed that an older age was significantly correlated with a lower choroidal area and the L/C ratio in all choroidal layers (each P < 0.05). A Long axial length was significantly associated with lower SL and HL (P < 0.05), but not with refractive power. In the choroid of normal eyes, age-related decreases in the choroidal area and L/C ratio were associated with all choroidal layers, and elongation of the axial length was associated with thinning of SL and HL., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and associated factors of choroidal thickness (ChT) and choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CC FD%) in children with Marfan syndrome (MFS)., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The ChT of the subfoveal area and other areas 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mm away from the fovea were assessed. The CC FD% of quadrant and circular regions with diameters of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mm were assessed with 3×3 mm macular choriocapillaris images. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and cardiac function factor such as Z score were measured to analyse the associations with ChT and CC FD%., Results: 51 MFS children and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Compared with the healthy controls, the ChT in the MFS group was thinner in the subfoveal area, temporal 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mm (all p<0.001). The CC FD% was higher in circle 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mm (all p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that CC FD% in the circle 2.5 mm when the Z score ≥2 was associated with BCVA ( β =9.08 (95% CI 3.96 to 14.20); p=0.005) and Z score ( β =4.19 (95% CI 1.28 to 12.00); p=0.012)., Conclusions: Thinner ChT and a higher CC FD% were observed in children with MFS, and an increased CC FD% in circle 2.5 mm was significantly associated with worse BCVA and cardiac function. These findings may help identify future visual impairment and early cardiac events in MFS children., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

To determine the relationship between the center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the center of the foveal photoreceptors in eyes with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). To accomplish this, we reviewed the medical records of patients with ROP who were examined at the ROP Clinic of the Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital. We studied 43 eyes of 23 children with ROP and 67 eyes of 36 control children without any fundus abnormalities. The optical coherence tomography angiographic (OCTA) en face images were used to measure the size and location of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and cross-sectional OCT images to measure the central retinal thickness (CRT). Our results showed that the size of the FAZ was significantly smaller in the ROP group (0.200 ± 0.142 mm 2 ) than in the control group (0.319 ± 0.085 mm 2 ; P < 0.01). The CRT was significantly thicker in the ROP group (228 ± 30 µm) than in the control group (189 ± 13 µm; P < 0.01). The mean length of the foveal bulge was not significantly different between the two groups. The actual distance of the misalignment between the center of the FAZ and the center of the photoreceptors was significantly greater in the ROP group (50.4 ± 29.5 µm) than in the control group (39.6 ± 21.9 µm; P = 0.001). The correlations between the actual distance of misalignment and the size of the FAZ, CRT, and length of the foveal bulge in both groups were not significant. Despite the significant misalignment in eyes with a history of ROP, the center of the foveal photoreceptors was consistently located within the narrow FAZ which indicates that the development of the FAZ and photoreceptor formation are interrelated., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Microperimetry (MP) is a psychometric examination combining retinal imaging and functional sensitivity testing with an increasing importance due to its potential use as clinical study outcome. We investigated the repeatability of pointwise retinal sensitivity (PWS) on the most advanced commercially available MP devices under their standard setting in a healthy aging population. Two successive MP examinations on both MP-3 (NIDEK CO., Ltd., Gamagori, Japan) and MAIA (CenterVue S.p.A. (iCare), Padova, Italy) were performed on healthy aging subjects in a randomized order. PWS repeatability was analysed for different macular regions and age groups using Bland-Altmann coefficients of repeatability (CoR). A total of 3600 stimuli from 20 healthy individuals with a mean age of 70 (11) years were included. Mean CoR in dB were ±4.61 for MAIA and ±4.55 for MP-3 examinations. A lower repeatability (p=0.005) was detected in the central millimetre on MAIA examinations. Higher subject age was associated with a lower repeatability of PWS on both devices (both p=0.003). Intra-device correlation was good (MAIA: 0.79 [0.76-0.81]; MP-3: 0.72 [0.68-0.76]) whereas a moderate mean inter-device correlation (0.6 [0.55-0.65]) could be detected. In conclusion, older subjects and the foveal region are associated with a worse pointwise repeatability., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is an inherited condition caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving the OPA-1 gene. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness obtained from structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual outcomes in DOA patients., Methods: The study recruited 33 patients with confirmed OPA-1 heterozygous mutation and DOA. OCT scans were conducted to measure the GC-IPL thickness. The average and sectorial Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts (six-sector macular analysis to enhance the topographical analysis) centered on the fovea were considered. Several regression analyses were carried out to investigate the associations between OCT metrics and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as the dependent variable., Results: The mean BCVA was 0.43 ± 0.37 logMAR, and the average macular GC-IPL thickness was 43.65 ± 12.56 µm. All of the GC-IPL sectors were significantly reduced and correlated with BCVA. The univariate linear regression and the multivariate stepwise regression modeling showed that the strongest association with final BCVA was observed with the internal superior GC-IPL thickness. Dividing patients based on BCVA, we found a specific pattern. Specifically, in patients with BCVA ≤ 0.3 logMAR, the external superior and inferior sectors together with the internal superior were more significant; whereas, for BCVA > 0.3 logMAR, the external superior sector and internal superior sector were more significant., Conclusions: The study identified OCT biomarkers associated with visual outcomes in DOA patients. Moreover, we assessed a specific OCT biomarker for DOA progression, ranging from patients in the early stages of disease with more preserved GC-IPL sectorial thickness to advanced stages with severe thinning.

Objective: Cystoid macular edema (CME) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an important complication causing visual dysfunction. We investigated the effect of CME on photoreceptors in RP patients with previous or current CME, using an adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera., Methods: We retrospectively observed the CME and ellipsoid zone (EZ) length (average of horizontal and vertical sections) by optical coherence tomography. The density and regularity of the arrangement of photoreceptor cells (Voronoi analysis) were examined at four points around 1.5° from superior to inferior and temporal to nasal. We also performed a multivariate analysis using CME duration, central macular thickness and transversal length of CME., Results: We evaluated 18 patients with previous or current CME (18 eyes; age, 48.7 ± 15.6 years) and 24 patients without previous or current CME (24 eyes; age, 46.0 ± 14.5 years). There were no significant differences in age, logMAR visual acuity, or EZ length. In groups with and without CME, cell density was 11967 ± 3148 and 16239 ± 2935 cells/mm2, and sequence regularity was 85.5 ± 3.4% and 88.5 ± 2.8%, respectively; both parameters were significantly different. The correlation between photoreceptor density and age was more negative in group with CME. The CME group tended toward greater reductions in duration of CME., Conclusion: Complications of CME in RP patients may lead to a decrease in photoreceptor density and regularity. Additionally, a longer duration of CME may result in a greater reduction in photoreceptor density., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Kitahata et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a topographical assessment of macular atrophy in successfully treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes to investigate determinants of monocular reading performance., Methods: A total of 60 participants (60 eyes) with previously treated neovascular AMD and absence of optical coherence tomography (OCT) signs of exudation were enrolled. Reading performance was assessed monocularly using Radner charts. The following variables were obtained: (i) the reading acuity was defined as the logarithm of the reading acuity determination (LogRAD), at the smallest sentence, a patient is able to read in less than 30 seconds; (ii) the maximum reading speed was defined as the fastest time achieved and is calculated in words per minute (wpm). OCT images were reviewed for the presence of macular atrophy within the central, 4 inner and 4 outer Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid subfields. Contributory factors affecting reading performance were examined using univariable and multivariable linear mixed model considering reading acuity and reading speed as dependent variables., Results: Median (interquartile range [IQR]) values were 0.53 (IQR = 0.17) LogRAD for reading acuity, and 144 (60) wpm for maximum reading speed. Thirty-five out of 60 (58.3%) eyes were characterized by the presence of macular atrophy. In multiple regression analysis, reading acuity was significantly associated with presence of macular atrophy in the foveal central circle (P = 0.024). Conversely, the maximum reading speed was associated with presence of macular atrophy in the inner-right ETDRS subfield (P = 0.005)., Conclusions: We showed a significant relationship between presence and location of macular atrophy and reading performance in neovascular AMD.

Purpose: Patients with clinically significant carotid artery stenosis (CAS) undergoing carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) were imaged with swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging protocol to determine if there were changes in choroidal blood flow after surgery., Design: Prospective observational study., Participants: Patients with clinically significant CAS undergoing unilateral CEA., Methods: All participants underwent SS-OCTA imaging using a 6 × 6-mm scan pattern on both eyes before CEA and within 1 week after CEA. Previously validated automated algorithms were used to measure the mean choroidal thickness (MCT) and choroidal vascular index (CVI) within 2.5-mm and 5-mm circles centered on the fovea. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of various baseline factors including age, mean arterial blood pressure, and degree of stenosis, on both baseline of MCT and CVI, and the changes in MCT and CVI., Main Outcome Measures: Changes in MCT and CVI., Results: One hundred sixteen eyes from 60 patients with a mean age of 71.57 ± 7.37 years were involved in the study. At baseline, MCT in both the 2.5-mm and 5-mm circles was significantly thinner on the surgical side compared with the nonsurgical side (P = 0.03), while no significant differences were seen in the CVI at baseline between the 2 sides (2.5-mm circle: P = 0.24; 5-mm circle: P = 0.09). Within 1 week after CEA, there were significant increases in the MCT on the surgical side, as compared with the nonsurgical side, in both the 2.5-mm (P < 0.001) and the 5-mm (P < 0.001) circles. No significant change in mean CVI was noted before and after CEA on the surgical side versus the nonsurgical side (2.5-mm circle: P = 0.30; 5-mm circle: P = 0.97). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that baseline MCT before CEA significantly decreased with age on both the surgical (P < 0.001) and nonsurgical sides (P = 0.003) while the changes in MCT and CVI after CEA were not associated with age, mean arterial blood pressure, or degree of stenosis., Conclusion: A rapid and significant increase in MCT was observed on the ipsilateral side of CEA, suggesting an improvement in choroidal perfusion within 1 week after surgery., Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article., (Copyright © 2023 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To study visual function, retinal layer thickness changes, and tangential displacement after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane., Methods: Retrospective series of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane, with 6-month follow-up including best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, M-charts, epiretinal membrane grading, and infrared fundus photograph at time 0 (T0, preop) at months 1 (T1), 3 (T3), and 6 (T6) postop (±1 week). Retinal layer thickness and tangential ( en face ) retinal displacement between successive times for the entire retinal surface and the central horizontal and vertical meridian were also measured. En face displacement was calculated as optical flow of consecutive images., Results: Average best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.28 ± 0.08 logarithm of Minimum Angle of Resolution at T0 to 0.16 ± 0.25 at T6 ( P = 0.05), best-corrected visual acuity improvement correlated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at T0 ( P < 0.001). Vertical metamorphopsia decreased from 1.33° ± 0.70° at T0 to 0.82° ± 0.69° at T6 ( P < 0.05). Foveal thickness reduced from 453 ± 53 µ m at T0 to 359 ± 31 µ m at T6 ( P < 0.05) and reduction correlated with best-corrected visual acuity improvement ( P < 0.05). Foveal layers decreased ( P < 0.05) in all cases. The mean en face deformation was 155.82 ± 50.17 µ m and mostly occurred in the first month: T0-T1 displacement was 83.59 ± 30.28 µ m, T1-T3 was 36.28 ± 14.45 µ m, while T3-T6 was 39.11 ± 22.79 µ m ( P < 0.001) on average. Perifoveal and parafoveal deformation correlated with optical coherence tomography foveal thickness reduction at all time intervals (1, 3, and 6 months: P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Epiretinal membrane peeling affects all retinal layer thickness and results in new force balance across the entire retina and tangential displacement. Both en face and in-depth changes correlate with visual function., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Opthalmic Communications Society, Inc.)

Aims: To measure the foveal pit morphology parameters and evaluate their correlations with age and sex., Settings and Design: A retrospective cross-sectional matched comparison study in a tertiary center., Methods and Materials: Forty men and 40 age-matched women who had normal macular structures and foveal contours were enrolled. Foveal pit parameters including top width, base width, nasal width, temporal width, minimal thickness, nasal thickness, temporal thickness, nasal height, temporal height, nasal slope, and temporal slope were measured on horizontal B-scan macular optical coherence tomography and compared between men and women., Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-tests and Pearson's correlation analysis., Results: The average patient age was 51.4 ± 17.5 (21-84) years. Women had a wider base width (313.1 ± 68.0 μm vs 266.8 ± 70.9 μm, P = 0.006), wider temporal width (1043.1 ± 245.6 μm vs 968.9 ± 261.0 μm, P = 0.006), thinner nasal thickness (345.6 ± 36.2 μm vs 359.7 ± 35.8 μm, P = 0.048), and flatter temporal slope (11.60 ± 2.52° vs 12.98 ± 2.68°, P = 0.016) than men. With age, the base width (r = 0.35, P = 0.025) and temporal width (r = 0.54, P = 0.0003) tended to be wider and the temporal slope was flatter (r = -0.45, P = 0.003) in women but not men. The minimal thickness tended to be thinner in the elderly group (r = 0.038, P = 0.015)., Conclusions: Women had a significantly wider base width, wider temporal width, thinner nasal thickness, and flatter temporal slope of the foveal pit than age-matched men. The base width and temporal width were wider and the temporal slope was flatter with age in women but not men., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.)

Purpose: To report three cases of massive pseudophakic macular edema occurring the day after uneventful cataract surgery and resolving in 24 to 72 hours., Methods: Observational case series., Results: A 68-year-old woman affected by systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome displayed massive macular edema on optical coherence tomography scan one day after uneventful cataract surgery. Routine postoperative topical eye drops (chloramphenicol/betamethasone 4 times a day and bromfenac 2 times a day) were continued without additional medications. Three days later, optical coherence tomography showed a completely recovered, normal fovea. Two similar cases were documented. A 73-year-old man and a 53-year-old man underwent cataract surgery and started the mentioned topical postoperative therapy. Severe macular edema was diagnosed the day after surgery and resolved in 24 and 48 hours, respectively., Conclusion: Massive macular edema may occur immediately after uncomplicated cataract and then disappear within 1 to 3 days, without invasive therapies. This is a very significant event that may follow cataract surgery, and that was previously unreported.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of surgical timing on visual acuity outcomes in retinal detachments based on the preoperative foveal status., Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted. Cases were stratified into fovea-on, fovea-split, and fovea-off groups. Days to surgery was defined as the time between the preoperative examination and surgery. The main outcome measure was the final postoperative visual acuity., Results: 1,675 cases were studied. More than 80% of fovea-on/fovea-split and fovea-off cases had surgery within 1 and 3 days, respectively. The mean final postoperative visual acuity did not differ significantly between the fovea-on and fovea-split groups (Snellen equivalent [SE] 20/33 ± 20/49 and 20/32 ± 20/39, P = 1.000) and did not change significantly based on days to surgery in either group. The mean final postoperative visual acuity was lowest in the fovea-off group (Snellen equivalent = 20/56 ± 20/76, P < 0.001) and was significantly lower in cases where surgery was performed after two or more days when compared with cases performed within 1 day (Snellen equivalent 20/74 ± 20/89 vs. 20/46 ± 20/63, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Fovea-on and fovea-split retinal detachments demonstrated comparable visual outcomes. Fovea-off RDs demonstrated worse visual outcomes, which declined further when surgery was delayed by two or more days.

Purpose: Abnormal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) potentially precedes onset of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Caucasian patients. Many differences exist between Asian and Caucasian patients regarding AMD types and severity, gender, and genetic backgrounds. We investigated the characteristics of abnormal FAF and retinal sensitivity in the fellow eyes of Japanese patients with unilateral neovascular AMD. Methods: Sixty-six patients with unilateral neovascular AMD and abnormal FAF in the fellow eye were enrolled in this multicenter, prospective, observational study. The best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photographs, FAF images, and retinal sensitivity on microperimetry were measured periodically for 12 months. The FAF images were classified into eight patterns based on the International Fundus Autofluorescence Classification Group. The points measured by microperimetry were superimposed onto the FAF images and fundus photographs and classified as “within,” “close,” and “distant,” based on the distance from the abnormal FAF and other findings. The relationship between the location of the baseline abnormal FAF and retinal sensitivity was investigated. Results: In Japanese patients, patchy (33.3%) and focally increased (30.3%) patterns predominated in the abnormal FAF. Intermediate-to-large drusen was associated predominantly with hyperfluorescence and hypofluorescence. Neovascular AMD developed within 1 year in six (9.1%) eyes, the mean baseline retinal sensitivity of which was 12.8 ± 4.7 dB, significantly (p<0.002) lower than the other eyes. In 44 of the other 60 eyes, microperimetry was measurable at baseline and month 12 and the mean retinal sensitivity improved significantly from 13.5 ± 4.4 to 13.9 ± 4.8 dB (p<0.001), possibly associated with lifestyle changes (e.g., smoking cessation, antioxidant and zinc supplementation). The mean retinal sensitivities of points within and close to the abnormal FAF were 9.9 and 11.7 dB, respectively, which were significantly lower than the 14.0 dB of the points distant from the abnormal FAF. Conclusion: In Japanese patients, patchy and focally increased patterns predominated in the abnormal FAF. The retinal sensitivity was lower close to/within the abnormal FAF. FAF and microperimetry are useful to assess macular function before development of neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the choriocapillaris (CC) flow alterations around geographic atrophy (GA) and the GA yearly growth rate (yGR) in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and SD-OCT angiography images of consecutive patients with GA acquired using the Cirrus OCT at the Doheny Eye Centers between 2015 and 2017. All eligible patients had one 6 x 6 mm OCTA scan acquired during the first visit (considered as baseline) and two fovea-centered 512 x 128 macular cubes (6 x 6 mm) acquired at baseline and after a minimum of 12 months. Main outcome measures: The fundus images from the OCT volumes were used to manually delineate the GA area and calculate the yGR after square root transformation. The en-face angiogram at the level of the CC was analyzed for the percentage of flow voids (FV) outside the atrophic lesion (FVOUT) and in the para- and peri-atrophy regions (FV500 and FV1000 respectively; two concentric 500 μm wide rings around the atrophy edge). These values, together with the difference between FV500 and FV1000 (ΔFV), were then correlated with the corresponding yGR. Results: Thirty-three eyes of 23 patients were eligible for the analysis. The mean yGR was 0.23 ± 0.17 mm/years. At baseline, the mean FVOUT was 41.86 ± 2.71%, while FV500 and FV1000 were 46.4 ± 4.17% and 42.51 ± 2.65% respectively. The mean ΔFV was 3.89 ± 2.6%. While in the univariable analysis, the yGR was significantly associated with FV500 and with ΔFV (both p < 0.001), in multivariable model the association remained significant only with ΔFV (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study reports a correlation between the CC flow impairment around the atrophic lesions and their yGR in patients with GA. If replicated in future longitudinal studies, the choriocapillaris FV in the para-and peri-atrophy regions may prove to be useful parameters for evaluating the prognosis of these eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Using a head-mounted perimeter imo that can measure monocular sensitivity with both eyes open, we investigated the difference between monocular sensitivities measured with and without occlusion of the fellow eye and if the difference was influenced by eccentricity. Methods: Using the perimeter imo, monocular sensitivities with/without occlusion and binocular sensitivity were measured and compared. Three test conditions for monocular sensitivity without occlusion were: with/without a fusional fixation target, and a binocular random single eye test in which the target was randomly presented to either eye and the examinee was not aware of the tested eye. Within the central 25° visual field (VF), 29 points located at the fovea and on the 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° meridians with 3° intervals were tested. Differences among the four monocular sensitivities with/without occlusion were further evaluated at the fovea, within and beyond the central 5° VF. Results: Sixteen visually normal volunteers (mean age, 28.6 ± 4.6 years) were included in this study. Except at the fovea, monocular sensitivities measured without occlusion were significantly higher than those with occlusion (P < 0.01). No significant difference was seen among the three monocular sensitivities without occlusion (P = 0.82). Conclusions: Except at the fovea, monocular sensitivities measured with and without occlusion significantly differed. This indicates that without occlusion, binocular interaction is activated and affects not only binocular sensitivity but also monocular sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To segment the inner macular layers (IML) and compare the discriminating abilities of the macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL and pRNFL, respectively) thicknesses in patients with early-stage normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Forty-nine normal subjects and 69 preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) and 60 NTG patients were enrolled. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to obtain pRNFL and macular thickness parameters and segment the IML in all subjects. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic capabilities of different parameters. Results: The pRNFL, total macular layer (TML), mRNFL, and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) were significantly thinner in the NTG group than in the PPG and normal groups. The global and superotemporal pRNFL and the mGCL in the superior outer area were the three best parameters for detecting early NTG. The discriminating capabilities of the superior and inferior mGCL were comparable to those of the corresponding pRNFL (p = 0.573, 0.841). Concerning location, the mGCL had higher AUROCs in the outer sectors (0.863, 0.837) than in the inner sectors (0.747, 0.747). Pearson’s correlation coefficients also revealed significant correlations between the mGCL and pRNFL (superior: r = 0.499, inferior: r = 0.624). The strongest correlation was between the mGCL and mean deviation (MD) (superior: r = 0.434 and inferior: r = 0.402). Conclusions: The diagnostic value of mGCL thickness is comparable to that of pRNFL thickness. IMLs in the outer sectors had better diagnostic capabilities than those in the inner sector for detecting early NTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is a novel technique that measures in vivo autofluorescence intensity decay over time of endogenous fluorophores in the retina. The Heidelberg Engineering FLIO system was used to obtain two 30 degree scans centered on the fovea of both eyes. The FLIO system uses a 473nm blue scanning laser light source and the emitted fluorescence is detected in two wavelengths channels, short and long spectral channels (SSC, LSC). Since the mydriatic status influence the FLIO result, the impact of mydriasis on FLIO need to be clarified. In this prospective, observational study, the impact of mydriasis on measurements from fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope (FLIO) images in normal subjects were evaluated. 12 healthy participants (24 eyes) were volunteered and all subjects were scanned twice and the mean fluorescence lifetime (τm) values were computed with dilation and without dilation on different days. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated from the measured τm in dilated, nondilated and between the dilated and non-dilated setting. Test duration was also compared and correlated with lifetimes in both settings. Repeatability was excellent for both the dilation and non-dilation settings (ICC; 0.967–0.996; 0.926–0.986, respectively). The agreement between the dilation and non-dilation settings, however, were lower (ICC; 0.688–0.970). The τm in the non-dilation setting was significantly longer than in the dilation setting for the SSC (P<0.05). The FLIO test duration in the non-dilation setting was significantly longer than with dilation for the SSC (P <0.05). Although good repeatability in τm measurements between imaging sessions were observed both with and without dilation, the agreement was not as good when comparing dilated with non-dilated measurements. Since FLIO without mydriasis results in longer τm in the SSC and takes a longer time for image acquisition, maximal dilation is recommended for FLIO testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primate foveola, with its high cone density and magnified cortical representation, is exquisitely specialized for high-resolution spatial vision. However, uncovering the wiring of retinal circuitry responsible for this performance has been challenging due to the difficulty in recording receptive fields of foveal retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in vivo. In this study, we use adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) to image the calcium responses of RGCs in the living primate, with a stable, high precision visual stimulus that allowed us to localize the receptive fields of hundreds of foveal ganglion cells. This approach revealed a precisely radial organization of foveal RGCs, despite the many distortions possible during the extended developmental migration of foveal cells. By back projecting the line connecting RGC somas to their receptive fields, we have been able to define the ‘physiological center’ of the foveola, locating the vertical meridian separating left and right hemifields in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the topographic distribution of the choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits in a population of healthy subjects. Methods: Using a swept-source optical-coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) device, two repeated volume 6 x 6 mm and 3 x 3 mm scans were acquired in healthy subjects at the Doheny—UCLA Eye Centers. The en-face CC angiogram was binarized and analyzed for percentage of flow deficits (FD%) using a grid of progressive, concentric rings covering a circular area with a diameter of 2.5 mm (in the 3 x 3 mm scans) and 5 mm (in the 6 x 6 mm scans). The FD% for each ring was plotted against the distance from the fovea. The linear trendline of the resulting curve was analyzed and the slope (m) and intercept (q) were computed. Results: Seventy-five eyes of 75 subjects were enrolled and divided into three subgroups based on age (year ranges: 21–40, 41–60 and 61–80). For the entire cohort and within each subgroup, there was a significant association between distance from the fovea and FD% in both 3X3 mm and 6X6 mm scans, with flow deficits increasing with closer proximity to the foveal center. Age was a significant predictor for both m and q for both scan patterns, with older subjects showing a steeper slope. Conclusions: In SS-OCTA images, the topographic distribution of CC flow deficits varies with distance from the fovea and age. In particular, the FD% tends to decrease from the fovea towards the periphery, with a steeper decline with advancing age. These normal trends may need to be accounted for in future studies of the CC in disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between geographic filling delays in the choriocapillaris using indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) images and dilated vortex veins in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Design: Observational case series. Participants: Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients, 21 with acute and 11 with chronic CSC. Methods: Digital ICGA and fluorescein angiography (FA), with videoangiography, and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) for B-scan and en-face choroidal imaging were performed. Overlapping of the filling delay areas in the choriocapillaris in the early-phase ICGA images and the region of dilated vortex veins in the en-face images were analyzed. The consistency of both areas was graded as follows. Grade 3: filling delay area is entirely involved in the dilated vortex vein region. Grade 2: 50% or more of filling delay area overlaps with the dilated vortex vein region. Grade 1: less than 50% of filling delay area overlaps with the dilated vortex vein region. Grade 0: no tendency for overlapping of two areas. We evaluated the asymmetry of upper and lower vortex veins in en-face images of the Haller layer. Using the binarization method, we quantified the luminal and stromal areas of the choroid. The ratios of the Haller layer area and luminal areas in the Haller layer to total choroidal area were examined. Results: The consistency of overlapping of the two areas was grade 2.62 ± 0.49 in acute CSC and grade 1.55 ± 0.78 in chronic CSC (p = 0.0005). Asymmetry of upper and lower vortex veins was seen in 17 of 22 eyes (81%) with acute CSC and 6 of 11 eyes (54.5%) with chronic CSC (p = 0.114). Central choroidal thickness was 411 ± 79 μm in acute CSC and 326 ± 64 μm in chronic CSC (p = 0.004). In the posterior fundus with a 4500 μm diameter, the ratio of the Haller layer area to total choroidal area was 63.7 ± 8.6% in acute CSC and 57.1 ± 7.9% in chronic CSC (p = 0.047). The ratio of the luminal area in the Haller layer area to total choroidal area was 46.9 ± 7.6% in acute CSC and 40.0 ± 6.9% in chronic CSC (p = 0.014) Conclusion: Filling delay areas in the choriocapillaris and dilated vortex vein regions showed marked overlapping in acute CSC. Increased choroidal thickness was attributed to dilated vortex veins. These findings suggest that the blood flow into the choriocapillaris is delayed as a result of congestion of the dominant vortex veins that supply this geographic area. CSC may be a disease characterized by vortex vein congestion that develops in eyes with asymmetric vortex veins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate normal and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes for differences in peripapillary and macular choroidal area measurements. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study enrolled 52 normal subjects and 35 NTG patients. Peripapillary and macular choroidal images were recorded by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), with conversion of the luminal and interstitial areas to binary images performed using the Niblack method. Results: While there was a significant difference between normal subjects and NTG patients for the peripapillary choroidal area (1,853,672 ± 626,501 μm2 vs. 1,606,448 ± 418,214 μm2, P = 0.047), there were no significant differences between the normal subjects and NTG patients observed for the macular choroidal area (345,365 ± 119,248 μm2 vs. 316,442 ± 85,732 μm2, P = 0.23). In the NTG patients, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a correlation between the macular choroidal area and the axial length (β = -0.345, P = 0.04). Furthermore, there was also a significant correlation between the peripapillary choroidal area and the age of the NTG patients (β = -0.469, P = 0.004). In addition, there was no relationship between the glaucoma severity and the peripapillary and macular choroidal areas in the NTG patients. Conclusions: There was no correlation between the peripapillary choroidal area and glaucoma severity in NTG patients, even though the area was smaller in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated changes in choroidal vascularity after half-fluence photodynamic therapy (HF-PDT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) en face imaging. Methods: This retrospective comparative case series included 50 eyes of 25 patients with unilateral CSC who underwent HF-PDT and 50 age-and sex-matched normal healthy control eyes. En face SS-OCT images of the choriocapillaris, Sattler’s layer, and Haller’s layer were converted into binary images. The vascular proportions were defined as the percentage of the area of vascular lumen against the area of the 3.0-mm-diameter circular area. The main outcome measures were the vascular proportions before HF-PDT and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after HF-PDT. Results: At baseline, the vascular proportions in the CSC eyes were significantly greater than those in the control eyes in all layers (choriocapillaris: 51.8% ± 15.5% vs. 41.3 ± 18.7%, P = 0.018; Sattler’s: 58.6% ± 13.4% vs. 49.7% ± 15.7%, P = 0.017; Haller’s: 65.3% ± 15.3% vs. 53.0% ± 13.4%, P = 0.001). In the CSC eyes, the vascular proportion in the choriocapillaris significantly decreased at 6 weeks (36.6% ± 16.9%, P < 0.001), 6 months (34.0% ± 12.3%, P < 0.001), and 12 months (34.8% ± 17.6%, P < 0.001) after HF-PDT compared with baseline. The vascular proportions in Sattler’s and Haller’s layers did not show a significant decrease at 6 weeks (Sattler’s: 49.7% ± 17.3%, P = 0.052 and Haller’s: 58.3% ± 12.9%, P = 0.558) but decreased significantly at 6 months (Sattler’s: 48.9% ± 12.4%, P < 0.001 and Haller’s: 57.7% ± 15.7%, P = 0.027) and 12 months after HF-PDT from the baseline values (Sattler’s: 45.8% ± 10.4%, P < 0.001 and Haller’s: 56.8% ± 15.7%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: After HF-PDT, the choriocapillaris showed the earliest decrease in vascular proportion of en face images, Sattler’s and Haller’s layers showed later decreases. The temporal differences in the response of each layer may reflect the pathophysiology of CSC and the therapeutic mechanism of HF-PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess parameters on optical coherence tomography (OCT), and their correlation with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with non-resolving central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: For 25 non-resolving CSC patients treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT), the thickness of retinal layers was assessed on the foveal spectral-domain (SD) OCT scan. Evaluated OCT parameters included the central retinal thickness (CRT), defined as the internal limiting membrane (ILM) to ellipsoid zone (EZ) distance, and the second band thickness (SBT), defined as the EZ to hyperreflective subretinal accumulation distance. Integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and the EZ bands was also determined. These parameters, along with BCVA and CRT measured automatically by SD-OCT device software were obtained before PDT, after PDT, and at final visit. After Bonferroni correction, a p-value <0.007 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-five patients could be included at last visit before PDT and first visit after PDT. At final visit, 24 patients could be included, since 1 patients was lost to follow-up. Mean CRT was 112 μm at last visit before PDT, 118 μm at first visit after PDT (p = 0.030), and 127 μm at final visit (p<0.001compared to baseline). Mean SBT was 74 μm, 26 μm (p<0.001 compared to baseline), and 21 μm (p<0.001 compared to baseline), respectively. Mean BCVA in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters was 79 at baseline, 85 at first visit after PDT (p = 0.005 compared to baseline), and 87 at final visit (p = 0.001 compared to baseline). BCVA had an estimated correlation of β = 0.103 (p = 0.114) with CRT, β = -0.051 (p = 0.014) with SBT, β = 0.615 (p = 0.600) with the integrity of the ELM, and β = 4.917 with the integrity of the EZ (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In non-resolving CSC patients treated with half-dose PDT, the CRT increased at final visit in comparison to the last visit before PDT. The continuity of the EZ on SD-OCT was positively correlated with BCVA. We propose that the distance between ILM and EZ should be used as a reliable CRT measurement in non-resolving CSC patients treated with half-dose PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of structural parameters, vessel density (VD) measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and electrophysiological testing in diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: 35 healthy participants and 90 POAG subjects underwent the measurement of whole image en face (wi) VD in the disc/peripapillary region and macula, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and the average thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC), pattern electroretinograms and pattern visual evoked potentials. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was assessed for each parameter to differentiate early POAG from healthy eyes and between the POAG stages. Results: To distinguish early POAG from healthy eyes, the parameters with the highest AUC were detected: P50 amplitude of transient pattern electroretinogram, 1° (AUC 0.93, p = 0.002), P1 component of steady-state pattern electroretinogram (AUC 0.92, p = 0.003), P100 amplitude of pattern visual evoked potential, 1° (AUC 0.84, p = 0.013), wiVD macula superficial (AUC 0.80, p = 0.001), wiVD Disc (AUC 0.74, p = 0.016), GCC (AUC 0.74, p = 0.016) and to distinguish early POAG from the moderate to severe POAG: inferotemporal peripapillary VD (AUC 0.94, p < 0.0001) and focal loss volume of GCC (AUC 0.92, p < 0, 001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the importance of measuring the microcirculation parameters in the macular area along with PERGs and PVEPs for the early detection of glaucoma. VD in the inferotemporal sector of the peripapillary retina and focal loss volume of the GCC are important for monitoring of the disease. The inclusion of OCTA, PERGs and PVEPs in glaucoma diagnostics may improve its early detection and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate changes of the macular and peripapillary choroidal areas after trabeculectomy. Methods: This prospective and interventional study examined 74 eyes of 74 patients with glaucoma uncontrolled by medical therapy. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) recorded macular and peripapillary choroidal images at 1 day before trabeculectomy and at 2 weeks after surgery. The Niblack method was used to covert luminal and interstitial areas to binary images. Results: At baseline, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 17.6±6.3 mmHg, while it was 6.5±2.9 mmHg after trabeculectomy (P < 0.001). Increases were observed for the macular choroidal area after the surgery, with the total area increasing from 317,853±95,728 μm2 to 368,597±104,393 μm2, while the luminal area increased from 210,355±73,650 μm2 to 249,464±77,195 μm2, and the interstitial area increased from 107,498±27,613 μm2 to 119,133±31,811 μm2 (all P < 0.001). Increases were also observed after the surgery for the peripapillary choroidal area, with the total area increasing from 1,629,440±460,429 μm2 to 1,974,289±500,496 μm2, while the luminal area increased from 920,141±328,690 μm2 to 1,179,843±357,601 μm2, and the interstitial area increased from 709,299±153,179 μm2 to 794,446±169,029 μm2 (all P < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the ratio of the luminal to choroidal area in the macular area (67.2%) and in the peripapillary area (59.1%). Factors associated with the changes in the peripapillary choroidal area included decreases in the diastolic blood pressure and IOP. Conclusions: A reduction in the IOP after trabeculectomy led to increases in the macular and peripapillary choroidal areas. Observed changes in the choroidal area after trabeculectomy are primarily due to increases in the luminal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell (mGCL) and macular retinal nerve fiber (mRNFL) layers, to detect early glaucomatous eyes, using the new segmentation software of Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) device (Heidelberg Engineering). Methods: A total of 83 eyes from 83 subjects were included in this observational, prospective cross-sectional study: 43 healthy controls and 40 early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. All participants were examined using the Horizontal and Vertical Posterior Pole protocols, and the peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) protocol of Spectralis OCT device. The new automated retinal segmentation software was applied to horizontal and vertical macular B-scans to determine mGCL and mRNFL thicknesses in each one of the 9 sectors of the Early Treatment Diagnostic Retinopathy Study circle. Thickness of each layer was compared between groups, and the sectors with better area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were identified. Results: mGCL was significantly thinner in the POAG group, especially in outer and inner temporal sectors (p<0.001); and mRNFL was significantly thinner in the POAG group in the outer inferior and the outer superior sector (p<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy of inner macular layers was good, and in general mGCL was superior to mRNFL. pRNFL obtained the best diagnostic capability (AUC, 0.886). Horizontal and vertical Posterior Pole protocols performed similarly. Conclusions: Inner macular layers using either horizontal or vertical B-scans, especially temporal sectors of mGCL, have good diagnostic capability to differentiate early glaucomatous eyes from control eyes; however, pRNFL has the highest diagnostic sensitivity for glaucoma detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the association between macular choroidal thickness and peripapillary RNFL thickness in patients with optic atrophy due to acute idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis and in normal controls using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: We performed SD-OCT peripapillary RNFL circular scan centered on the optic disc with horizontal and vertical crosshair scans through the fovea using the enhanced depth technique in 62 eyes with optic atrophy due to acute idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis and 86 eyes of normal controls. The association between RNFL thickness and macular choroidal thickness measurements was assessed. Results: The mean age was 43 ± 14 years (mean ± SD) in patients with optic atrophy and 45 ± 16 years in healthy controls (p = 0.791). There was a significant association between nasal peripapillary RNFL thickness and choroidal thickness at 3.0 mm nasal to the foveal center in patients with optic atrophy in multivariate analysis (estimate = 1.398, p = 0.011). In controls, there were significant associations between global average, superior, and inferior peripapillary RNFL thickness and choroidal thickness at 3.0 mm superior to the foveal center (estimate = -60.112, p = 0.044, estimate = 15.821, p = 7.312, and estimate = 15.203, p = 7.222, respectively). Conclusions: Our SD-OCT data revealed that there was a significant association between peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular choroidal thickness in patients with optic atrophy due to acute idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis and in controls, although the mechanism remained unclear. The difference in the pattern of association between patients with optic atrophy and controls suggests that optic atrophy caused by acute idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis could affect the pattern of association between peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular choroidal thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To highlight the differences in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) between eyes with vitreoretinal interface syndrome and healthy control eyes, to assess the changes in MPOD in eyes treated with macular peeling, to investigate the relationships between MPOD changes and measures of retinal sensitivity such as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry. Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 30 eyes affected by idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM, 15eyes) or full-thickness macular hole (FTMH, 15eyes) were compared with 60 eyes from 30 healthy age-matched patients. MPOD values (mean MPOD, maximum MPOD, MPOD area, and MPOD volume) were measured in a range of 4°–7° of eccentricity around the fovea, using the one-wavelength reflectometry method (Visucam 200, Carl-Zeiss Meditec). Patients affected by iERM and FTMH were treated with vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane-inner limiting membrane (ERM-ILM) peeling, with follow-up examinations performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The main outcome measures were the differences in MPOD between eyes with vitreoretinal interface syndrome and healthy eyes, changes in MPOD after ERM-ILM peeling, and relationships between MPOD and functional changes. Results: Mean MPOD differed significantly between control eyes and those with iERM (P = .0001) or FTMH (P = .0006). The max MPOD and MPOD area increased, but not significantly. After peeling, the only significant change in MPOD was in MPOD volume (P = .01). In the ERM group, postoperative mean MPOD correlated significantly with best-corrected visual acuity (r = .739, P = .002). Conclusions: MPOD was reduced in patients with iERM or FTMH compared with healthy eyes. We found a significant correlation between the mean postoperative MPOD and postoperative BCVA, hypothesizing that the postoperative increase in mean MPOD could be due to a change in distribution for unfolding and expansion of the fovea after the peeling. MOPD may be considered as a prognostic factor associated with a good visual prognosis in patients with iERM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vision loss from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has a profound effect on vision-related quality of life (VRQoL). The pupose of this study is to identify clinical factors associated with VRQoL using the Rasch- calibrated NEI VFQ-25 scales in bilateral advanced AMD patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients (mean age 83.2 years) with bilateral advanced AMD. Clinical assessment included age, gender, type of AMD, high contrast visual acuity (VA), history of medical conditions, contrast sensitivity (CS), central visual field loss, report of Charles Bonnet Syndrome, current treatment for AMD and Rasch-calibrated NEI VFQ-25 visual function and socioemotional function scales. The NEI VFQ visual function scale includes items of general vision, peripheral vision, distance vision and near vision-related activity while the socioemotional function scale includes items of vision related-social functioning, role difficulties, dependency, and mental health. Multiple regression analysis (structural regression model) was performed using fixed item parameters obtained from the one-parameter item response theory model. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that high contrast VA and CS were two factors influencing VRQoL visual function scale (β = -0.25, 95% CI-0.37 to -0.12, p<0.001 and β = 0.35, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.46, p<0.001) and socioemontional functioning scale (β = -0.2, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.03, p = 0.023, and β = 0.3, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.43, p = 0.001). Central visual field loss was not assoicated with either VRQoL visual or socioemontional functioning scale (β = -0.08, 95% CI-0.28 to 0.12,p = 0.44 and β = -0.09, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.16, p = 0.50, respectively). Conclusion: In patients with vision impairment secondary to bilateral advanced AMD, high contrast VA and CS are two important factors affecting VRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine glaucoma-discriminating abilities of macular and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements of wide scan (12X9mm) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) compared to measurements of standard macula and disc scans (6 X 6 mm). Methods: This retrospective chart review study included 60 glaucomatous and 62 healthy eyes of total 122 subjects who visited a glaucoma clinic and were examined with wide, standard macula, and standard disc scans of SS-OCT (DRI-OCT-1 Atlantis; Topcon Inc., Tokyo, Japan) on the same day. Thickness measurements of the ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), mGCIPL plus nerve fiber layer (mGCC), and total retinal layer (TRL) were assessed in wide and standard macula scans. Thickness measurements of cpRNFL were assessed in wide and standard disc scans. The repeatability and agreement of measurements taken in each scan were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The abilities of parameters to discriminate between glaucoma and normal groups were assessed using areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Results: The repeatability and agreement of all parameters showed high ICC values (all ≥ 0.800). AUCs for mGCIPL thickness were 0.710–0.847 and 0.701–0.836 in standard macula and wide scans, respectively. AUCs for cpRNFL thickness were 0.749–0.902 and 0.726–0.897 in standard disc and wide scans, respectively. There were no significant differences in AUCs between wide and standard scans. Conclusions: The agreement between SS-OCT wide and standard scans for mGCIPL, mGCC and cpRNFL measurements were excellent. As the glaucoma-discriminating ability of wide scans was comparable to that of standard macula/disc scans, a single wide scan can replace separate standard macula/disc scans for evaluating glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]