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152. Additional file 1 of The iHealth-T2D study: a cluster randomised trial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes amongst South Asians with central obesity and prediabetes—a statistical analysis plan

Author

Muilwijk, Mirthe, Loh, Marie, Mahmood, Sara, Palaniswamy, Saranya, Siddiqui, Samreen, Silva, Wnurinham, Frost, Gary S., Gage, Heather M., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra P., Ahmad, Sajjad, Jha, Sujeet, Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katulanda, Prasad, Khawaja, Khadija I., Kooner, Jaspal S., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., and Chambers, John C.

Abstract

Additional file 1. Detectable difference in secondary study outcomes after one year of follow-up.

Published
2022
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157. Food environments and obesity: A geospatial analysis of the South Asia Biobank, income and sex inequalities

Author

Atanasova, Petya, primary, Kusuma, Dian, additional, Pineda, Elisa, additional, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, additional, De Silva, Laksara, additional, Hanif, Abu A.M., additional, Hasan, Mehedi, additional, Hossain, Md Mokbul, additional, Indrawansa, Susantha, additional, Jayamanne, Deepal, additional, Jha, Sujeet, additional, Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, additional, Katulanda, Prasad, additional, Khawaja, Khadija I., additional, Kumarendran, Balachandran, additional, Mridha, Malay K., additional, Rajakaruna, Vindya, additional, Chambers, John C., additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Sassi, Franco, additional, and Miraldo, Marisa, additional

Published
2022
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158. Whole blood versus red cell concentrates for children with severe anaemia: a secondary analysis of the Transfusion and Treatment of African Children (TRACT) trial

Author

George, Elizabeth C, primary, Uyoga, Sophie, additional, M'baya, Bridon, additional, Kyeyune Byabazair, Dorothy, additional, Kiguli, Sarah, additional, Olupot-Olupot, Peter, additional, Opoka, Robert O, additional, Chagaluka, George, additional, Alaroker, Florence, additional, Williams, Thomas N, additional, Bates, Imelda, additional, Mbanya, Dora, additional, Gibb, Diana M, additional, Walker, A Sarah, additional, Maitland, Kathryn, additional, Walker, Sarah A, additional, George, Elizabeth C, additional, Mpoya, Ayub, additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Walsh, Kevin, additional, Nteziyaremye, Julius, additional, Namayanja, Cate, additional, Ssenyondo, Tonny, additional, Passi, George, additional, Muhindo, Rita, additional, Masifa, George, additional, Adong, Ruth, additional, Okalebo, Charles B, additional, Atimango, Emmanuela, additional, Thembo, Nobert, additional, Odong, George, additional, Kiluli, Godfrey, additional, Kapsindet, Job, additional, Kayaga, Julianne, additional, Nabawanuka, Eva, additional, Kadama, Eva, additional, Mukisa, Cynthia Williams, additional, Engoru, Charles, additional, Nakuya, Margaret, additional, Amorut, Denis, additional, Olupot, Moses, additional, Onyas, Pius, additional, Ariimi, Margaret, additional, Itipe, Melda, additional, Atim, Mary G, additional, Abeno, Mary, additional, Okwi, Steven, additional, Kulume, Mary G, additional, Among, Grace, additional, Achipa, Dorreen E, additional, Macharia, Alex, additional, Mellewa, Machpherson, additional, Kennedy, Neil, additional, Kumwenda, Felistas, additional, Sochera, Tiferanji Fatch, additional, Malenga, Albert, additional, Chimalizeni, Yamikani FG, additional, Gushu, Benard, additional, Phiri, Tusekile, additional, Chesale, Amisa, additional, Mitole, Ndaona, additional, Chokani, Ellida, additional, Munthali, Annie, additional, Hensbroek, Michael Boele von, additional, South, Annabelle, additional, Thomason, Margaret J, additional, Baptiste, David, additional, Connon, Roisin, additional, MacCabe, Leanne, additional, Ali, Abdul, additional, Khamis, Kibibi, additional, Madoola, Macreen, additional, Abongo, Grace, additional, Urban, Britta, additional, Heydermann, Robert, additional, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, additional, Nakalanzi, Sarah, additional, Chabuka, John, additional, Mkandawire, Nkhafwire, additional, Fitzgerald, Felicity, additional, Evans, Jennifer A, additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth, additional, Lubega, Irene, additional, Crawley, Jane, additional, Kazembe, Peter, additional, Murphy, Mike, additional, Peto, Tim, additional, Todd, Jim, additional, Mirembe, Grace, additional, Musoka, Philipa, additional, and Tenu, Filemoni, additional

Published
2022
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159. A predictive algorithm for identifying children with sickle cell anemia among children admitted to hospital with severe anemia in Africa

Author

Olupot‐Olupot, Peter, primary, Connon, Roisin, additional, Kiguli, Sarah, additional, Opoka, Robert O., additional, Alaroker, Florence, additional, Uyoga, Sophie, additional, Nakuya, Margret, additional, Okiror, William, additional, Nteziyaremye, Julius, additional, Ssenyondo, Tonny, additional, Nabawanuka, Eva, additional, Kayaga, Juliana, additional, Williams Mukisa, Cynthia, additional, Amorut, Denis, additional, Muhindo, Rita, additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Walsh, Kevin, additional, Macharia, Alexander W., additional, Gibb, Diana M., additional, Walker, A. Sarah, additional, George, Elizabeth C., additional, Maitland, Kathryn, additional, and Williams, Thomas N., additional

Published
2022
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160. A Novel Approach to Dining Bowl Reconstruction for Image-Based Food Volume Estimation

Author

Jia, Wenyan, primary, Ren, Yiqiu, additional, Li, Boyang, additional, Beatrice, Britney, additional, Que, Jingda, additional, Cao, Shunxin, additional, Wu, Zekun, additional, Mao, Zhi-Hong, additional, Lo, Benny, additional, Anderson, Alex K., additional, Frost, Gary, additional, McCrory, Megan A., additional, Sazonov, Edward, additional, Steiner-Asiedu, Matilda, additional, Baranowski, Tom, additional, Burke, Lora E., additional, and Sun, Mingui, additional

Published
2022
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161. Improved Quantitation of Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids in Human Biofluids Using 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine Derivatization and Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Author

Valdivia-Garcia, Maria, primary, Chappell, Katie, additional, Camuzeaux, Stephane, additional, Olmo-García, Lucía, additional, Horneffer-van der Sluis, Verena, additional, Radhakrishnan, Shiva T., additional, Stephens, Hannah, additional, Bouri, Sonia, additional, de Campos Braz, Lucia M., additional, Williams, Horace R.T., additional, Lewis, Mathew R., additional, Frost, Gary, additional, and Li, Jia V., additional

Published
2022
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162. Four groups of type 2 diabetes contribute to the etiological and clinical heterogeneity in newly diagnosed individuals: An IMI DIRECT study

Author

Wesolowska-Andersen, Agata, primary, Brorsson, Caroline A., additional, Bizzotto, Roberto, additional, Mari, Andrea, additional, Tura, Andrea, additional, Koivula, Robert, additional, Mahajan, Anubha, additional, Vinuela, Ana, additional, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Haid, Mark, additional, Prehn, Cornelia, additional, Artati, Anna, additional, Hong, Mun-Gwan, additional, Musholt, Petra B., additional, Kurbasic, Azra, additional, De Masi, Federico, additional, Tsirigos, Kostas, additional, Pedersen, Helle Krogh, additional, Gudmundsdottir, Valborg, additional, Thomas, Cecilia Engel, additional, Banasik, Karina, additional, Jennison, Chrisopher, additional, Jones, Angus, additional, Kennedy, Gwen, additional, Bell, Jimmy, additional, Thomas, Louise, additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Thomsen, Henrik, additional, Allin, Kristine, additional, Hansen, Tue Haldor, additional, Vestergaard, Henrik, additional, Hansen, Torben, additional, Rutters, Femke, additional, Elders, Petra, additional, t’Hart, Leen, additional, Bonnefond, Amelie, additional, Canouil, Mickaël, additional, Brage, Soren, additional, Kokkola, Tarja, additional, Heggie, Alison, additional, McEvoy, Donna, additional, Hattersley, Andrew, additional, McDonald, Timothy, additional, Teare, Harriet, additional, Ridderstrale, Martin, additional, Walker, Mark, additional, Forgie, Ian, additional, Giordano, Giuseppe N., additional, Froguel, Philippe, additional, Pavo, Imre, additional, Ruetten, Hartmut, additional, Pedersen, Oluf, additional, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, additional, Franks, Paul W., additional, Schwenk, Jochen M., additional, Adamski, Jerzy, additional, Pearson, Ewan, additional, McCarthy, Mark I., additional, and Brunak, Søren, additional

Published
2022
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164. Discovery of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: rationale and design of the epidemiological studies within the IMI DIRECT Consortium

Author

Koivula, Robert W., Heggie, Alison, Barnett, Anna, Cederberg, Henna, Hansen, Tue H., Koopman, Anitra D., Ridderstråle, Martin, Rutters, Femke, Vestergaard, Henrik, Gupta, Ramneek, Herrgård, Sanna, Heymans, Martijn W., Perry, Mandy H., Rauh, Simone, Siloaho, Maritta, Teare, Harriet J. A., Thorand, Barbara, Bell, Jimmy, Brunak, Søren, Frost, Gary, Jablonka, Bernd, Mari, Andrea, McDonald, Tim J., Dekker, Jacqueline M., Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew, Laakso, Markku, Pedersen, Oluf, Koivisto, Veikko, Ruetten, Hartmut, Walker, Mark, Pearson, Ewan, Franks, Paul W., and for the DIRECT Consortium

Published
2014
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170. Incidence and predictors of hospital readmission in children presenting with severe anaemia in Uganda and Malawi: a secondary analysis of TRACT trial data

Author

Connon, Roisin, George, Elizabeth C., Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Kiguli, Sarah, Chagaluka, George, Alaroker, Florence, Opoka, Robert O., Mpoya, Ayub, Walsh, Kevin, Engoru, Charles, Nteziyaremye, Julius, Mallewa, Macpherson, Kennedy, Neil, Nakuya, Margaret, Namayanja, Cate, Nabawanuka, Eva, Sennyondo, Tonny, Amorut, Denis, Williams Musika, C., Bates, Imelda, Boele van Hensbroek, M., Evans, Jennifer A., Uyoga, Sophie, Williams, Thomas N., Frost, Gary, Gibb, Diana M., Maitland, Kathryn, Walker, A. Sarah, Kiguli, S., Opoka, R. O., Nabawanuka, E., Kayaga, J., Kadama, E., Mbwali, I., Nuwabaine, L., Nakikwaku, R., Nsubuga, J., Mpande, K., Adoo, R., Ouma, O., Adia, N. K., Olupot-Olupot, P., Nteziyaremye, J., Namanyanga, C., Passi, G., Sennyondo, T., Adong, R., Okalebo, C. B., Atimango, E., Mwamula, S., Kapsindet, J., Muhindo, G. Kiluli R., Thembo, G. Masifa N., Odong, G., Engoru, C., Aloroker, F., Nakuya, M., Amorut, D., Ariima, M., Itipe, M., Atim, M. G., Abeno, M., Amede, B., Olupot, M., Okwi, S., Kulume, M. G., Among, G., Onyas, P., Achipa, E. D., Maitland, K., Mpoya, A., Maitha, P., Uyoga, S., Williams, T. N., Macharia, A., Mallewa, M., Chagaluka, G., Chimalizeni, Y., Kennedy, N., Kumwenda, F., Nkosi, E., Sochera, T., Malenga, A., Gushu, B., Phiri, T., Chisale, A., Mitole, N., Chokani, E., Munthali, A., Frost, G., Walsheto, K., Gibb, D. M., George, E. C., Thomason, M., Baptiste, D., McCabe, L., Walker, A. S., Ali, A., Khamis, K., Madula, M., Abongo, G., Heydermann, R., Bates, I., Urban, B., Kyomuhendo, F., Nakalanzi, S., Chabuka, J., Mkandawire, N., Evans, J. A., Fitzgerald, F., Molyneux, E., Murphy, I. Lubega M., Kazembe, P., Crawley, J., Peto, T., Musoke, P., Todd, J., Mirembe, G., and Tenu, F.

Subjects
wh_155, ws_300, wa_395, wa_320
Abstract

Background: Severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 6 g/dL) is a leading cause of recurrent hospitalisation in African children. We investigated predictors of readmission in children hospitalised with severe anaemia in the TRACT trial (ISRCTN84086586) in order to identify potential future interventions.\ud Methods: Secondary analyses of the trial examined 3894 children from Uganda and Malawi surviving a hospital episode of severe anaemia. Predictors of all-cause readmission within 180 days of discharge were identified using multivariable regression with death as a competing risk. Groups of children with similar characteristics were identified using hierarchical clustering.\ud Results: Of the 3894 survivors 682 (18%) were readmitted; 403 (10%) had ≥2 re-admissions over 180 days. Three main causes of readmission were identified: severe anaemia (n = 456), malaria (n = 252) and haemoglobinuria/dark urine syndrome (n = 165). Overall, factors increasing risk of readmission included HIV-infection (hazard ratio 2.48\ud (95% CI 1.63–3.78), p < 0.001); ≥2 hospital admissions in the preceding 12 months (1.44(1.19–1.74), p < 0.001); history of transfusion (1.48(1.13–1.93), p = 0.005); and missing ≥1 trial medication dose (proxy for care quality) (1.43 (1.21–1.69), p < 0.001). Children with uncomplicated severe anaemia (Hb 4-6 g/dL and no severity features),\ud who never received a transfusion (per trial protocol) during the initial admission had a substantially lower risk of readmission (0.67(0.47–0.96), p = 0.04). Malaria (among children with no prior history of transfusion) (0.60(0.47–0.76), p < 0.001); younger-age (1.07 (1.03–1.10) per 1 year younger, p < 0.001) and known sickle cell disease (0.62(0.46–0.82), p = 0.001) also decreased risk of readmission. For anaemia re-admissions, gross splenomegaly and enlarged spleen increased risk by 1.73(1.23–2.44) and 1.46(1.18–1.82) respectively compared to no splenomegaly.\ud Clustering identified four groups of children with readmission rates from 14 to 20%. The cluster with the highest readmission rate was characterised by very low haemoglobin (mean 3.6 g/dL). Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) predominated in two clusters associated with chronic repeated admissions or severe, acute presentations in largely undiagnosed SCD. The final cluster had high rates of malaria (78%), severity signs and very low platelet count, consistent with acute severe\ud malaria.\ud Conclusions: Younger age, HIV infection and history of previous hospital admissions predicted increased risk of readmission. However, no obvious clinical factors for intervention were identified. As missing medication doses was highly predictive, attention to care related factors may be important.\ud Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN84086586.\ud Keywords: Severe anaemia, Readmission

Published
2021

171. Longitudinal Multi-omic Phenotyping Reveals Host-microbe Responses to Bariatric Surgery, Glycaemic Control and Obesity

Author

Penney, Nicholas, primary, Yeung, Derek, additional, Garcia-Perez, Isabel, additional, POSMA, Joram, additional, Kopytek, Aleksandra, additional, Garratt, Bethany, additional, Ashrafian, Hutan, additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Marchesi, Julian, additional, Purkayastha, Sanjay, additional, Hoyles, Lesley, additional, Darzi, Ara, additional, and Holmes, Elaine, additional

Published
2021
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172. Effects of a lifestyle intervention programme after 1 year of follow-up among South Asians at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Author

Muilwijk, Mirthe, primary, Loh, Marie, additional, Siddiqui, Samreen, additional, Mahmood, Sara, additional, Palaniswamy, Saranya, additional, Shahzad, Khurram, additional, Athauda, Lathika K, additional, Jayawardena, Ranil, additional, Batool, Tayyaba, additional, Burney, Saira, additional, Glover, Matthew, additional, Bamunuarachchi, Vodathi, additional, Panda, Manju, additional, Madawanarachchi, Madawa, additional, Rai, Baldeesh, additional, Sattar, Iqra, additional, Silva, Wnurinham, additional, Waghdhare, Swati, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra Prasan, additional, Wijemunige, Nilmini, additional, Gage, Heather M, additional, Valabhji, Jonathan, additional, Frost, Gary S, additional, Wickremasinghe, Rajitha, additional, Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, additional, Khawaja, Khadija I, additional, Ahmad, Sajjad, additional, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, additional, Katulanda, Prasad, additional, Jha, Sujeet, additional, Kooner, Jaspal S, additional, and Chambers, John C, additional

Published
2021
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176. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults

Author

Chambers, Edward S, Viardot, Alexander, Psichas, Arianna, Morrison, Douglas J, Murphy, Kevin G, Zac-Varghese, Sagen E K, MacDougall, Kenneth, Preston, Tom, Tedford, Catriona, Finlayson, Graham S, Blundell, John E, Bell, Jimmy D, Thomas, E Louise, Mt-Isa, Shahrul, Ashby, Deborah, Gibson, Glen R, Kolida, Sofia, Dhillo, Waljit S, Bloom, Stephen R, Morley, Wayne, Clegg, Stuart, and Frost, Gary

Published
2015
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178. Circulating Pancreatic Polypeptide Concentrations Predict Visceral and Liver Fat Content

Author

Sam, Amir H., Sleeth, Michelle L., Thomas, E. Louise, Ismail, Nurhafzan A., Mat Daud, Norlida, Chambers, Edward, Shojaee-Moradie, Fariba, Umpleby, Margot, Goldstone, Anthony P., Le Roux, Carel W., Bech, Paul, Busbridge, Mark, Laurie, Rosemary, Cuthbertson, Daniel J., Buckley, Adam, Ghatei, Mohammad A., Bloom, Stephen R., Frost, Gary S., Bell, Jimmy D., and Murphy, Kevin G.

Published
2015

182. Correction to: The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an IMI DIRECT study (Diabetologia, (2020), 63, 4, (744-756), 10.1007/s00125-019-05083-6)

Author

Koivula, Robert W., Atabaki-Pasdar, Naeimeh, Giordano, Giuseppe N., White, Tom, Adamski, Jerzy, Bell, Jimmy D., Beulens, Joline, Brage, S. ren, Brunak, S. ren, de Masi, Federico, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Forgie, Ian M., Frost, Gary, Hansen, Torben, Hansen, Tue H., Hattersley, Andrew, Kokkola, Tarja, Kurbasic, Azra, Laakso, Markku, Mari, Andrea, McDonald, Timothy J., Pedersen, Oluf, Rutters, Femke, Schwenk, Jochen M., Teare, Harriet J. A., Thomas, E. Louise, Vinuela, Ana, Mahajan, Anubha, McCarthy, Mark I., Ruetten, Hartmut, Walker, Mark, Pearson, Ewan, Pavo, Imre, Franks, Paul W., Epidemiology and Data Science, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias

Abstract

Unfortunately, ‘Present address’ was omitted from one of the addresses provided for Mark I. McCarthy (#26). The corrected address details are given on the following page.

Published
2021
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183. Additional file 1 of Incidence and predictors of hospital readmission in children presenting with severe anaemia in Uganda and Malawi: a secondary analysis of TRACT trial data

Author

Connon, Roisin, George, Elizabeth C., Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Kiguli, Sarah, Chagaluka, George, Alaroker, Florence, Opoka, Robert O., Mpoya, Ayub, Walsh, Kevin, Engoru, Charles, Nteziyaremye, Julius, Mallewa, Macpherson, Kennedy, Neil, Nakuya, Margaret, Namayanja, Cate, Nabawanuka, Eva, Sennyondo, Tonny, Amorut, Denis, Williams Musika, C., Bates, Imelda, Boele van Hensbroek, M., Evans, Jennifer A., Uyoga, Sophie, Williams, Thomas N., Frost, Gary, Gibb, Diana M., Maitland, Kathryn, and Walker, A. Sarah

Abstract

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Univariable summary statistics of all factors considered. Supplementary Table 2. Risk score calculation. Supplementary Table 3. Description of clusters.

Published
2021
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184. Processes Underlying Glycemic Deterioration in Type 2 Diabetes:An IMI DIRECT Study

Author

Bizzotto, Roberto, Jennison, Christopher, Jones, Angus G., Kurbasic, Azra, Tura, Andrea, Kennedy, Gwen, Bell, Jimmy D., Thomas, E. Louise, Frost, Gary, Eriksen, Rebeca, Koivula, Robert W., Brage, Soren, Kaye, Jane, Hattersley, Andrew T., Heggie, Alison, McEvoy, Donna, 't Hart, Leen M., Beulens, Joline W., Elders, Petra, Musholt, Petra B., Ridderstrale, Martin, Hansen, Tue H., Allin, Kristine H., Hansen, Torben, Vestergaard, Henrik, Lundgaard, Agnete T., Thomsen, Henrik S., De Masi, Federico, Tsirigos, Konstantinos D., Brunak, Søren, Vinuela, Ana, Mahajan, Anubha, McDonald, Timothy J., Kokkola, Tarja, Forgie, Ian M., Giordano, Giuseppe N., Pavo, Imre, Ruetten, Hartmut, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, McCarthy, Mark I., Pedersen, Oluf, Schwenk, Jochen M., Adamski, Jerzy, Franks, Paul W., Walker, Mark, Pearson, Ewan R., Mari, Andrea, Bizzotto, Roberto, Jennison, Christopher, Jones, Angus G., Kurbasic, Azra, Tura, Andrea, Kennedy, Gwen, Bell, Jimmy D., Thomas, E. Louise, Frost, Gary, Eriksen, Rebeca, Koivula, Robert W., Brage, Soren, Kaye, Jane, Hattersley, Andrew T., Heggie, Alison, McEvoy, Donna, 't Hart, Leen M., Beulens, Joline W., Elders, Petra, Musholt, Petra B., Ridderstrale, Martin, Hansen, Tue H., Allin, Kristine H., Hansen, Torben, Vestergaard, Henrik, Lundgaard, Agnete T., Thomsen, Henrik S., De Masi, Federico, Tsirigos, Konstantinos D., Brunak, Søren, Vinuela, Ana, Mahajan, Anubha, McDonald, Timothy J., Kokkola, Tarja, Forgie, Ian M., Giordano, Giuseppe N., Pavo, Imre, Ruetten, Hartmut, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, McCarthy, Mark I., Pedersen, Oluf, Schwenk, Jochen M., Adamski, Jerzy, Franks, Paul W., Walker, Mark, Pearson, Ewan R., and Mari, Andrea

Abstract

OBJECTIVEWe investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 732 recently diagnosed patients with T2D from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) study were extensively phenotyped over 3 years, including measures of insulin sensitivity (OGIS), beta-cell glucose sensitivity (GS), and insulin clearance (CLIm) from mixed meal tests, liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and baseline regional fat from MRI. The associations between the longitudinal metabolic patterns and HbA(1c) deterioration, adjusted for changes in BMI and in diabetes medications, were assessed via stepwise multivariable linear and logistic regression.RESULTSFaster HbA(1c) progression was independently associated with faster deterioration of OGIS and GS and increasing CLIm; visceral or liver fat, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides had further independent, though weaker, roles (R-2 = 0.38). A subgroup of patients with a markedly higher progression rate (fast progressors) was clearly distinguishable considering these variables only (discrimination capacity from area under the receiver operating characteristic = 0.94). The proportion of fast progressors was reduced from 56% to 8-10% in subgroups in which only one trait among OGIS, GS, and CLIm was relatively stable (odds ratios 0.07-0.09). T2D polygenic risk score and baseline pancreatic fat, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, diet, and physical activity did not show an independent role.CONCLUSIONSDeteriorating insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, increasing insulin clearance, high visceral or liver fat, and worsening of the lipid profile are the crucial factors mediating glycemic deterioration of patients with T2D in the initial phase of the disease. Stabilization of a single trait among insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and insulin clearance may be relevant to prevent

Published
2021

186. Measuring the glycemic index of foods: interlaboratory study

Author

Wolever, Thomas MS, Brand-Miller, Jennie C, Abernethy, John, Astrup, Arne, Atkinson, Fiona, Axelsen, Mette, Björck, Inger, Brighenti, Furio, Brown, Rachel, Brynes, Audrey, Casiraghi, M Cristina, Cazaubiel, Murielle, Dahlqvist, Linda, Delport, Elizabeth, Denyer, Gareth S, Erba, Daniela, Frost, Gary, Granfeldt, Yvonne, Hampton, Shelagh, Hart, Valerie A, Hätönen, Katja A, Henry, C Jeya, Hertzler, Steve, Hull, Sarah, Jerling, Johann, Johnston, Kelly L, Lightowler, Helen, Mann, Neil, Morgan, Linda, Panlasigui, Leonora N, Pelkman, Christine, Perry, Tracy, Pfeiffer, Andreas FH, Pieters, Marlien, Dan Ramdath, D, Ramsingh, Rayna T, Robert, S Daniel, Robinson, Carol, Sarkkinen, Essi, Scazzina, Francesca, Sison, Dave Clark D, Sloth, Birgitte, Staniforth, Jane, Tapola, Niina, Valsta, Liisa M, Verkooijen, Inge, Weickert, Martin O, Weseler, Antje R, Wilkie, Paul, and Zhang, Jian

Published
2008
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188. Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding

Author

Scholtz, Samantha, Miras, Alexander D, Chhina, Navpreet, Prechtl, Christina G, Sleeth, Michelle L, Daud, Norlida M, Ismail, Nurhafzan A, Durighel, Giuliana, Ahmed, Ahmed R, Olbers, Torsten, Vincent, Royce P, Alaghband-Zadeh, Jamshid, Ghatei, Mohammad A, Waldman, Adam D, Frost, Gary S, Bell, Jimmy D, le Roux, Carel W, and Goldstone, Anthony P

Published
2014
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195. The Effect of Standard Versus Longer Intestinal Bypass on GLP-1 Regulation and Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: The Long-Limb Study

Author

Miras, Alexander Dimitri, primary, Kamocka, Anna, additional, Pérez-Pevida, Belén, additional, Purkayastha, Sanjay, additional, Moorthy, Krishna, additional, Patel, Ameet, additional, Chahal, Harvinder, additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Bassett, Paul, additional, Castagnetto-Gissey, Lidia, additional, Coppin, Lucy, additional, Jackson, Nicola, additional, Umpleby, Anne Margot, additional, Bloom, Stephen Robert, additional, Tan, Tricia, additional, Ahmed, Ahmed Rashid, additional, and Rubino, Francesco, additional

Published
2021
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196. effects of SCFAs on glycemic control in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Cherta-Murillo, Anna, Pugh, Jennifer E, Alaraj-Alshehhi, Sumayya, Hajjar, Dana, Chambers, Edward S, and Frost, Gary S

Subjects
ONLINE information services, MEDICAL databases, META-analysis, CONFIDENCE intervals, MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, GLYCEMIC control, SYSTEMATIC reviews, PROPIONATES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DATA analysis software, MEDLINE, SHORT-chain fatty acids, BUTYRIC acid
Abstract

Background Noncommunicable disease development is related to impairments in glycemic and insulinemic responses, which can be modulated by fiber intake. Fiber's beneficial effects upon metabolic health can be partially attributed to the production of SCFAs via microbial fermentation of fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. Objectives We aimed to determine the effects of SCFAs, acetate, propionate, and butyrate on glycemic control in humans. Methods The CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 7 December 2021. Papers were included if they reported a randomized controlled trial measuring glucose and/or insulin compared to a placebo in adults. Studies were categorized by the type of SCFA and intervention duration. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for glucose and insulin for those subject categories with ≥3 studies, or a narrative review was performed. Results We identified 43 eligible papers, with 46 studies within those records (n  = 913), and 44 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Vinegar intake decreased the acute glucose response [standard mean difference (SMD), −0.53; 95% CI, −0.92 to −0.14; n  = 67] in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and in healthy volunteers (SMD, −0.27; 95% CI, −0.54 to 0.00; n  = 186). The meta-analyses for acute acetate, as well as acute and chronic propionate studies, showed no significant effect. Conclusions Vinegar decreased the glucose response acutely in healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and mixed SCFAs had no effect on blood glucose and insulin in humans. Significant heterogeneity, risks of bias, and publication biases were identified in several study categories, including the acute vinegar glucose response. As evidence was very uncertain, caution is urged when interpreting these results. Further high-quality research is required to determine the effects of SCFAs on glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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198. Food/Non-Food Classification of Real-Life Egocentric Images in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Based on Image Tagging Features

Author

Chen, Guangzong, primary, Jia, Wenyan, additional, Zhao, Yifan, additional, Mao, Zhi-Hong, additional, Lo, Benny, additional, Anderson, Alex K., additional, Frost, Gary, additional, Jobarteh, Modou L., additional, McCrory, Megan A., additional, Sazonov, Edward, additional, Steiner-Asiedu, Matilda, additional, Ansong, Richard S., additional, Baranowski, Thomas, additional, Burke, Lora, additional, and Sun, Mingui, additional

Published
2021
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199. Supplemental Data for Physiological effects of weight loss on sperm function using low energy diet in men with obesity: a randomised controlled study

Author

Jayasena, Channa N, Dimakopoulou, Anastasia, Sharma, Aditi, Brown, Adrian, Figueiredo, Monica, Sindi, Emad, Chahal, Harvinder, Purkayastha, Sanjay, Leeds, Anthony R, Minhas, Sukhbinder, Frost, Gary, and Dhillo, Waljit S

Subjects
obesity, spermatogenesis, total diet replacement, sperm function, weight loss, male infertility
Abstract

Supplemental data (including supplemental table 1, supplemental figures 1-4 and supplemental figure legends 1-4) for the original research article entitled 'Physiological effects of weight loss on sperm function using low energy diet in men with obesity: a randomised controlled study', Channa N Jayasena, Anastasia Dimakopoulou, Aditi Sharma are joint 1st authors

Published
2020
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200. The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an IMI DIRECT study

Author

Koivula, Robert W, Atabaki-Pasdar, Naeimeh, Giordano, Giuseppe N, White, Tom, Adamski, Jerzy, Bell, Jimmy D, Beulens, Joline, Brage, Søren, Brunak, Søren, De Masi, Federico, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T, Forgie, Ian M, Frost, Gary, Hansen, Torben, Hansen, Tue H, Hattersley, Andrew, Kokkola, Tarja, Kurbasic, Azra, Laakso, Markku, Mari, Andrea, McDonald, Timothy J, Pedersen, Oluf, Rutters, Femke, Schwenk, Jochen M, Teare, Harriet JA, Thomas, E Louise, Vinuela, Ana, Mahajan, Anubha, McCarthy, Mark I, Ruetten, Hartmut, Walker, Mark, Pearson, Ewan, Pavo, Imre, Franks, Paul W, IMI DIRECT Consortium, Koivula, Robert W [0000-0002-1646-4163], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, Denmark, Glycemic Control, Ectopic fat, Cohort Studies, Glycaemic control, Homeostasis, Humans, Exercise, Finland, Aged, Netherlands, Sweden, Physical activity, Beta cell function, Type 2 diabetes, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, Insulin sensitivity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Structural equation modelling, Female, Insulin Resistance, Energy Metabolism, Prediabetes
Abstract

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: It is well established that physical activity, abdominal ectopic fat and glycaemic regulation are related but the underlying structure of these relationships is unclear. The previously proposed twin-cycle hypothesis (TC) provides a mechanistic basis for impairment in glycaemic control through the interactions of substrate availability, substrate metabolism and abdominal ectopic fat accumulation. Here, we hypothesise that the effect of physical activity in glucose regulation is mediated by the twin-cycle. We aimed to examine this notion in the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) Consortium cohorts comprised of participants with normal or impaired glucose regulation (cohort 1: N ≤ 920) or with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (cohort 2: N ≤ 435). METHODS: We defined a structural equation model that describes the TC and fitted this within the IMI DIRECT dataset. A second model, twin-cycle plus physical activity (TC-PA), to assess the extent to which the effects of physical activity in glycaemic regulation are mediated by components in the twin-cycle, was also fitted. Beta cell function, insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control were modelled from frequently sampled 75 g OGTTs (fsOGTTs) and mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) in participants without and with diabetes, respectively. Abdominal fat distribution was assessed using MRI, and physical activity through wrist-worn triaxial accelerometry. Results are presented as standardised beta coefficients, SE and p values, respectively. RESULTS: The TC and TC-PA models showed better fit than null models (TC: χ2 = 242, p = 0.004 and χ2 = 63, p = 0.001 in cohort 1 and 2, respectively; TC-PA: χ2 = 180, p = 0.041 and χ2 = 60, p = 0.008 in cohort 1 and 2, respectively). The association of physical activity with glycaemic control was primarily mediated by variables in the liver fat cycle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These analyses partially support the mechanisms proposed in the twin-cycle model and highlight mechanistic pathways through which insulin sensitivity and liver fat mediate the association between physical activity and glycaemic control.

Published
2020

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